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RE AT ANTI FLY CRUSADE
HI? crnntPRt nntl.flv crusade that
"H tho world has known is now got-
ting under way In a multitudo of
I American cities and smaller com
H munltlcs, rcnchlng from Seattlo
and San Francisco to Hoston.
I During recent years physicians,
Hi bacteriologists, sanitary engineers,
' n t 1 nMintin nnMfinnni1 nltli mint).
iiiiu uiuuia i;uui;ciJJi:u nitii utn-
tlons of public health, have mado
ceaseless effort to arouso tho American people
concerning disease and death traveling in tho
tracks of tho common housefly, or "typhoid fly,"
a tho United States government does not hesi
tate to call It in its official printed documents.
Little by little the country has become ac
quainted with tho danger, and now entire com
munities hamlets, villages, cities alike are un
dertaking systematic and complete extermination
of tho Insect. Tho fly has been recognized us a
carrier of disease, for many generations, and
somo authorities, like Jean Dawson, tho Cleve
land biologist, feel satisfied that it was bo recog
nized even in Dlblo times. Dut never beforo haa
practically an entire great nation awakened to
the absoluto necessity of fighting the fly to the
death; of driving it out of existence.
Moreover, It was left for a Now York patholo
gist, Dr. Ferdinand M. Jeffreys of tho Polyclinic
Medical school and hospital, to formulate a reply
to the old question, "Of what uso is tho fly?"
According to Dr. Jeffreys it has a very important
uso in acting as a danger signal which cannot
be disregarded with impunity. ,
"Wherever you find tho ily," he says, "you also
find filth. And whero you find filth, you find dis
ease." Not merely typhoid, but other highly danger
ous Intestinal diseases aro now known to be
spread by flies, and germs of tuberculosis, chol
era infantum, spinal meningitis, lnfantllo paraly
sis, are llkewlso carried far and wide by the same
llttlo pests. State boards of health, county com
missions, municipal health departments, private
organizations of men and women In all stations
of life are printing and distributing pamphlets
on the subject, having lectures delivered before
audiences of children ns well as of adults, ex
plaining various methods of poisoning, trapping,
and "swatting" files. In many cities prizes ot
money have been offered for the largest number
of flies killed in a given period. In other cities
and towns prizes are offered for the beBt essays
written by school children as to the dangers ot
files and how to got rid of them.
North Dakota has Issued two Important health
department bulletins, spread broadcast through
out the stato, one entitled "Fly Habits" and tho
other "A Fly Catechism," in which aro answered
In simple language questions concerning flies
which tho youngest child may understand.
Tho United States government, through its
Farmer's Bulletin No. 412, makes out a complete
caso against what It terms "the typhoid or house
fly."
Virginia's stato board of health 'has Issued at
least three bulletins and circulars devoted wholly
or In part to the subject.
In addition to quarterly publications, one well
Illustrated," Iowa Issues shorter folders telling
Just how to deal with tho fly nuisance.
The Chicago board of health, through Its school
of sanitary Instruction, publishes and distributes
articles and cartoons on the subject, as well as a
conclso list of "Hints to Householders."
Tho Ohio stato board of health has also been
busy In tho matter and has roprlnted largo num
bers of Dr. C. O. Probst'B practical paper, "The
Fly as a Disease Carrier."
Michigan's state board has come out with an
Important quarterly document on "The Anti-Fly
Crusade."
Pennsylvania devotes an entire issue of Its
largo Health Bulletin to an essay easily under
stood, which Is callod "Tho Common Fly: How
It Develops, Why It Must Ho Destroyed, and
How to Destroy It."
South Carolina, Texas, nnd almost all the other
states In the Union havo been doing their utmost
to cducnto the public concerning tho dangers ot
permitting tiles to exist, nut with tho exception
of a single four-pngo circular tho stato of Now
York hns dono nothing in tho matter that has
been pressed so vigorously by tho country gen
erally. TIiIh circular Is a brief document entitled
"Tho Filthy Jly," and Is Issuod by the Publicity
and Education Department of tho State Hoard of
Health.
It Is said that by means of a red powder scat
tered over piles of garbago and other filth fUes
havo been traced in many cases directly into sick
rooms, as well ns to markets and fruit stalls
whero foodstuffs wero displayed, without being
screened. Ily such means as this flics were
traced during nn outbreak of typhoid fever In
Pittsburgh, N. Y. Tho local authorities thought
that drinking water, or milk, or Bomo like sup
ply was Infected, but an Investigator from Now
York went to the Saranac river, Into which tho
sewago of Pittsburgh was carried, and from
there ho traced flies as they went Into a moving
plcturo show attended by a large audience, and
ho traced the flies as they went from the "mov
ies" back to the river.
Countless Instances of the spread of various
diseases have been recorded all over the country,
nnd as a result, instead of being regarded merely
as a harmless, though annoying little pest, the
house fly Is today considered one of tho dead
liest enemies man has to contend with. Far
more dangerous than war, for the fly is every
where every summer, excepting In enlightened
communities, like Cleveland, Ohio, which Is rap
Idly becoming pretty nearly a flyless city.
Last year experiments were undertaken In a
number of places to exterminate files. Newspa
pers of Worcester, Mass., offered money prizes
for tho largest qunntlty of flies caught, nnd tho
results wero astonishing. One enterprising Ind ot
twelve years won tho first prizo of $100 when ho
do! vered nincty-flvo quarts of flies. Put It was
found out later that In order to succeed he had
actually gono into the business of breeding flics
In heapB of fish offal. Altogether tho city of
Worcester caught and killed forty bushels of
flies in a few weeks. For obvious reasons those
interested in fly extermination aro not offering
prizes In the same way this year for dead flies.
In a good many communities, prizes nre offered
for flyless blocks of houses or for farms or barns
that havo no flies on or in them.
Organizations like tho Woman's Municipal
Leaguo of Boston aro paying for steroptlcon lec
tures delivered beforo all sorts of audiences,
and nre getting Boy Scouts, District Nursing as
sociations, school children, and others nt work
in tho effort. One of the scientists most actively
interested Is C. F. Hodge, professor of biology
at Clark university, who has accomplished, re
markable results by screening houses to keep
files on tho outside, by killing winter files when
they awake in early spring and crawl out of
cracks, plcturo moldings, nnd other dark places
where they spend tho cold weather, and by cntch
Ing In traps of his own design millions of young
flies before they can get to kitchen, dining-room
or restaurant.
One of the most effective steps taken in the
campaign of education Is due to Mr. Hatch,' who
sent a man to London, at his own expense, and
there had made microscopic photographs of files
nnd their dangerous activities from which a mov
ing plcturo film was constructed. Tho film, shown
all over tho country, Is believed to havo done
more than any other one thing to bring millions
of people to realize how great Is the danger from
flies, and how necessary to romovo It.
One of tho most Ingenious methods for teach
ing children facts regarding files Is Been In a
Bmall pamphlet prepared by Jean Dawson of the
Cleveland Normal school, who has adopted the
question and answer plan of instruction. After
explaining, In this way, why flics are dangerous,
how they spread dlseaso, whero they spend the
winter and what they do In spring, tho llttlo book
tells about their breodlng, their food, nnd haw
they carry dirt as well as disease.
The closing questions and answers aro as fol
lows: 20. Can a family escape tho dangers from flies
by screening them out of tho house?
No, not If they use food over which files have
swarmed or fallen Into.
21. Do files carry sickness and death to many
people In tho United States?
Thero nro nearly five hundred thousand cases
of typhoid fever yearly In the United Stntes, and
nearly 50,000 deaths. Much of this distributed
by flies. Forty-nlno thousand infants dlo an
nunlly of enteritis or summer complaint, tho
germs of which aro probably all carried to tho
milk by files. Files nro now known to be th,o
most deadly onomy of man. They kill more peo-
tiMiumjcmWM'MJrhmfn'itttmjimciimr
pie than all tho lions, tlgors, snakoB, nnd oven
wars.
22. Havo flics always been such an enemy to
mankind? c
Yes, but a great many have died. About four
out of Ave chlldron in Clovoland live to ho live
years old. Many of these deaths aro duo to files
carylng dlseaso germs to tholr food.
24. How Is It posslblo to protect ourselves
more from flies than wo already havo?
When wo thought files wero merely annoying,
we could afford to hide ourselves behind screens:
now that thoy have boon proved to bo our deadly
enemy, wo must como out and fight them in tho
open.
25. How can this be done?
In throo ways:
(a) By killing nil tho wln'or flies that havo
been hiding in buildings as fast as thoy come
out.
(b) By cleaning up nil manure nnd filth In
which flics may breed.
(c) By keeping traps sot in covers of garbage
cans and on porches whero tho flies nro thickest
to cntch them boforo they can enter our homes.
26. What particular good would como from
killing winter Hies?
Killing tho flies that llvo over winter menns
killing the mother flleB beforo thoy can lay eggs
In the spring.
27. If wo did clenn up all the mnnuro nnd filth
from tho neighborhood would not files swarm In
from other parts?
A fly seldom travels over 500 yards from Us
breeding place.
28. With what nro the traps halted?
If used In tho cover of a garbago can tho
garbage Is tho bait. If used otherwlBO. bread and
milk is nn nttractlvo bait.
29. Will nil tho flies go Into tho trap?
Yes, If thero Is no other food nhout.
30. Has any ono over succeeded in keeping
his houso frco from lilies without screens?
Yes, a -number of peoplo havo used tho method
above Indlcnted, and havo dono away with screen
wlndowB nnd doors.
31. Will the city of Cleveland ever be free
from flies?
Yes, just ns soon ns evory ono does his part in
his own house and yard Cleveland will bo a city
of flyless stores, markets and homes.
Ono of tho most Interesting experiments mndo
last summer waB a highly successful effort to
teach children (ho truth about tho necessity of
exterminating tho typhoid fly.
Among tlloso furthering this Bpoclllc plan ot
educntion wns Mr. Hatch, who offered two sets
of prizes In ench of n number of cities, Including
Now York, Milwaukee, Kalamazoo. Salem, MasB.:
Wichita, Kansns, City, Kan.; Memphis nnd St.
LouIb. To chlldron In tho seventh and eighth
grades of public schools ho offered a prlzo of
$10 and to pupils In tho fifth and six grades ho
offered a first prlzo of $5 and n second prize of
$3, In the nggregnto ho spent in this way some
$700, many thousands competing. One result Is
that nn army of children havo acquainted them
selves with tho fly nnd what It docs to man.
This, of courso, was tho ninln object sought.
Secondly, tho fact that n New Yorker was offer
ing his own money In this campaign, nnd suc
ceeded In arousing tho spirit manifested among
children all over tho country, caused local news
papers, health bodies, educational Institutions,
nnd othor Individuals In many plncos to go Into
tho matter on their own responsibility. This
year It Is not nocessnry for Mr. Hatch or any
ono elso to offer prizes to tho country In general.
The loaders of public opinion and public spirit
in ono city after another nro offering prizes
themselves.
As n result of all tho ngltntlon, this year boob
a Ily crusade throughout the land such ns was
probably never scoa Wrforo In tho history or the
world.
MEMORIAL TO THE REV. WHITE
Orast Tablet on Church Porch In
Southwest England Lauds Man
Who Aided John Endlcott.
Salem, MaHS. In tho church porch
of n small town In southwest Knglaud
thero Is a brass tablet to tho memory
of a man who has never Htiftlclently
emerged Into tho llmullght of publlo
regard, for tho groat part ho plnyud In
speeding John Kndlcott and his gal
lant band to tho homo of freedom.
Tho hidden romanco of Now Eng
land colonization nppears ns soon ns
you begin to uxnmluo tho Dorset ar
chives of tho seventeenth century.
Clonr for nil to sou nt tho present dny
Is tho memorial tablet in tho south
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In Old Dorchester.
porch of St, Peter's church, DorcheB
tor, read year by year by many Amer
ican pilgrims.
It runs: "In this porch lies tho
body of tho llov. John White, M. A.,
of Nuw College, Oxford. Ho waH born
nt Christinas, 1575. For nhout 10 yearB
ho was rector of this parish and also
of Holy Trinity. Ho died hero 21st
July, 10 IS. A man of great godliness,
good scholarship and wonderful ability
nnd kindness, ho hnd a very strong
uway in tho town. Ho greatly set for
ward the emigration to tho Massa
chusetts Bay colony, whero his namo
lives in unfading remembrance."
Glimpses of tho Interest taken In tho
now world peep out In 1C21, tho year
after tho landing of tho Pilgrim Fa
thers. Tho Mayor ot Weymouth (Eng
land) then wroto to tho Mayor ot Exe
ter Inquiring "whnt thoy of Exeter in
tend to doo touching Sir Fcrdluando
Gorges projoct about tho plantation
and ffyBsshlngo att Now England." A
prlvato company formed chlotly ot Dor
chester peoplo, from 1C23 onward sent
out flBhlug vcBBcle to tho Now England
coast and had landed mon at Capo Ann
to establish a station for the benefit of
their vessels. This was abandoned,
but subsequently It formed tho basis
of John Whtto'u enterprise
NEW FINE SYSTEM A SUCCESS
Installment Plan Employed In Kansas
City Court Nets In 8lx Months
$2,122.
Kansas City, Mo. Six months havo
elapsed slnco Judgo Ewlng Blnnd of
South Sldo Municipal court an
nounced nn innovation In collecting
fines from offenders on tho install
ment plan. Since tho system became
operative, $2,122 has boon paid In In
stallments by 1G4 persons who took
advautago of tho system. Tho amount
Is the aggregato of payments of GO
cents to $3 weekly, according to tho
earning capacity and expenses of the
payor.
"Tho monoy wns paid by persons
who would havo been unablo to pay
tholr fines all at once nnd must havo
served sentences In tho workhouse,"
said Judgo Bland. "It 1b monoy tho
city would not havo gotten If there
bad been no Installment fine plan."
But to Judgo Bland's way of think
ing, abovo all, It represents a saving
to those who tako advantage of it
of tholr manhood and womanhood. A
term In a workhouse, Judge Bland ar
guod, lowers one's self-respect, and
there 1b no corresponding gain to so
ciety. Only ono out of evory twenty
of the mon trusted with the credit
system of paying for an offense has
dofaultod. All the defaulters havo
been re-arrested and aro now at the
workhouse, according to tho report
prepared by tho clerk of tho court.
'FORGET PAST AND FUTURE'
When Load of Tomorrow Is Added to
Burden of Yesterday Many Men
Falter, Says Scientist.
New Haven, Conn. Sir William Os
lor, In addressing tho religious meet
ing at Yalo, outllnod new rules for
practical dally life. Ho said:
"My method Is the freshest, oldest,
simplest and usefulest. Forget tho
past, forget the future. Llfo Is a hab
it as burd or as easy to acquire as any
other in llfo.
"I'm no genius; my friends havo
found that out, but tako no thought
for tho futuro nor tho past. Wlion tho
load of tomorrow is added to tho load
of yesterday many men falter in tho
way.
"Tho first two hours of a day deter
mines that day. Quit tobacco and
liquor. Bright eyes nro tho thing.
"Tho control of tho mind as a work
ing machine is tho end of all educa
tion. That can bo accomplished with
deliberation. Tho most striking thing
about America is its hurry. Euro
peans accomplish Just as much with
out everlasting rush."
TftKES ODD JOURNEr
tn the Gloom Above Houses of
Parliament.
Writer Felt That Dark, Noisy Corrl
dore Were Nearest Approach to
Hades He Should See While
Alive.
I hnvo just had a curious expe
rience, writes a correspondent. I wai
invited to tako a walk over tho upper
part of tho Houses of Parliament, nnd
having boon through otico, I must
confess that I never want to repeal
tho experience. -
Wo wont In through tho door In
tho corner of tho centrnl hall. After
n llttlo wnltlng, our eyes grow used to
tho gloom, and wo ventured to move
n few yards forward, only to stumblo
nn wo went over tho motnls of a tiny
railway laid upon tho floor nt our foot.
Someone somowhero n long way off
switched on n light which sprang up
at tho end of n corridor that scornod
miles and mllos uway a llttlo flicker
of light nt tho end of n tunnol of
gloom. Wo could sou tho motnls of
tho railway going on nnd on over bo
far, and I was not nt nil surprised
when 1 wna told that it wont ovor tho
Hiitlro roof of tho Houbch of Parlia
ment. Its uso Is tho mere mundano
ono of carrying coals, which nro put
In trucks and wheeled to whorevor
thoy nro needed In tho building.
Another light Is switched on for a
moment to point us to whero a llttlo
flight of stairs leads ovor tho domo to
a dark, gloomy room guarded by a
heavy Iron door. Wo go through tho
Iron door nnd find ourselves In a llttlo
shnmber, from whero, leaning over a
balcony, you can look right down on
to tho floor of tho centrnl hall Itsolf.
Wo pinergo ngnln nnd mount nn
it her flight of stairs lending a llttlo
way ncronH tho domo nnd hero for tho
first ttmo wo notice a pccullnr notso.
It Is llko tho roar of n hugo traffic, so
crushed togethur that It Is Imposslblo
to distinguish tho sound of any wheol
or tho tnp ot a horse's foot. This
nolso is really tho nolso of nil tho
winds of nil tho world which rush
Into this tower through tho openings
and rush round nnd round again In
tholr efforts to got frco. Even on n
mild dny tho nolso Is so much that
conversation In ordinary tones is dif
ficult. What it must bo llko on a
wild day can easily bo Imagined.
Tho wholo placo Is eerio boyond un
derstanding, and I could not help giv
ing a llttlo shudder as I Btopped gin
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British Houses of Parliament.
gerly down the narrow, open stairs.
Wo went cautiously along the endless,
corridors, their blackness accentuat
ed rather than relieved by the occa
sional switches ot light which my
companion gave me, and ever as we
walked thero came with us the volco
ot tho Imprisoned winds, moaning and
moaning for their freedom.
"Steady," says my companion, sud
denly, and I pull up short, feeling that
I had dared too much In taking the
lead, whllo ho fumbled along the wall
In the darkness to find at length a
light "Click!" the switch is down,
and as the light comes I step hastily
back. Before mo yawns a chasm, and
If I had gono forward another step I
should have boon over. I look again.
It Is not so deep as I bad thought; In
fact not much more than six feet
deep, but tho hole Is long and broad,
and looks like an empty swimming
bath.
Hero, In this abyss of gloom, the
police keep the roost Important night
watch ot the Houso of Commons.
The chief task of tho policemen In
this homo of tho sparrows 1b to guard
against tho danger of Are.
Though I had climbed to get there,
I felt that I was In the nearest ap
proach to hades that I shall ever see
alive.
Tombstone Crushes Boy.
South Norwalk, Conn. Lloyd Cave,
a choir boy in St. Paul's church here,
was mortally injured recently when,
In playing In tho yard of the church,
ho ovorturnocLji tombatono. It fell on
him, pinning him to the earth.
Cave's companions wero unablo to,
remove tho stono, and it was only af
ter tho Rev. L. B. Howell and other
men had arrived that It was lifted.
Tho boy was unconscious. Dr. W. J.i
Vracoy found that bis skull had been
,'ractured and his back Injured, per
'.aps broken. Ho was removed to Nor
'ilk hospital.
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