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KIND OF COWS TO BUY
Animals Not Adapted to Dairying
Cause Failures.
To Obtain Best Results It Is Essential
That Strict Dairy Type Do Kept
Beef Value of Secondary
Importance.
(Dy n. A, MAHKIIAM. Idaho Kxpcrl
moiit Btntlon.)
It 1b not ilinicult to And men, oven
In tho most prosperous dairy com
munition, who do not believe that
dairying pays. Thoy Imvo tried It and
failed. Homo have purchased good
idock, but noor management or fulHuJ
economy In housing or feeding pre
vented tlioin from getting tho results
thoy expected, but by far tho largest
number of these failures aro duo to
tho use of auinmlH that aro not
adapted to dairying
Those who ptirchaHo u few cowb
when tho prion of butter fat In hllt
and noil thorn off when tho prlco goes
down naturally havu a rather poor
opinion of tho dairy buslnoBB. To ob-
HOED CROPS IN THE ORCHARD
THE GEHNAf fflPFROilS TABLET
4
MONO tho many ruins to bo found
in tho cast, those of Baalbek, in
Syriu, a:o second to nono In inter
est. During tho hibt four years
German archaeologists have been
busy excavating there, and every
vibltor to tho ruins owes them a
debt of gratitude. They have not only dug down
and removed many tons of rubbish and debris,
thereby exposing tho ruins to bettor view, but
they have also strengthened the weak parts. It
waB not entirely a ditlntorested work, however.
JUf1rf4linliIfi
'"M 'JLJM
CARVWG OJPOiTAl
OF BACCtJG
for tho Berlin museums now possess many of tho
finest examples of the carvings found there.
Baalbek Is tho namo of a ruined city of ancient
Coela-Syrln, signifying the "olty of Baal," tho sun
god. Tho namo was converted by tho Greeks,
during tho Sclcucldian dynasty, into its Greek
equivalent, Iiellopoliu. It is situated In latltudo
34 degrees, 1 mlnuto north, lougltudo 30 degrees,
11 minutes east, In tho plain of Buka's, at tho
northern extremity of n low rango of Weak hills,
about one mile from tho base qt Antilibanon, in
a well watered and delightful locality, a little
more than 40 miles northwest of Damascus. It
was once tho most magnificent of Syrian cities,
full of palaces, fountains and beautiful monu
ments. These ruins are known aB tho Acropolis and are
unique for their masslveness and for the great
amount of both bold and delicate carving with
which thoy aro adorned. There is, Indeed, so
much carving and such variety as to make one's
first visit bewildering. The temples being built
on a flat plain, it was Important to raise them
abovo tho surrounding level to render them more
imposing, and to that end there are vast sub
structures and vaults and passages supporting
tho shrines. The most imposing was thajf tho
great Temple of the Sun, which was a rectangu
lar building 290 feet by ICO, having Us roof sup
ported by a peristyle of C4 Corinthian columns,
10 at each sldo and 10 at oach end. Of these
six are still standing. The clrcumferenco of
thcRo columns Is about 22 feet, and tho length
of tho shaft about 58 feet; with pedestnl, capital
nnd entablature thoy measure about 80 feet in
height. Tho great Temple of tho Sun occupied n
platform on tho Acropolis about 1,000 foot by 450
feet. Tho main entrance of tho tcmplo was on
the east. Hero a wldo flight of steps led up to
a portico 19 feet above tho gardens and orchards
that now surround tho ruins. An inscription on
tho great portico states that the temple was
erected to tho "Great GodB" of Hellopolls by
Antoninus.
Beyond tho portico is a hexogonal court
through which a largo gatoway opens Into the
great square, at tho west end of which Is tho
templo on a lofty stylobate. Except the columns
mentioned, llttlo of tho great templo or of tho
buildings In front of It is loft standing, but the
ground is covered with their ruins. Tho vast size
of tho stones used In tho substructures of tho
great platform Is remarkablo, some of thorn being
over CO feet long nnd 12 feet thick.
South from tho great templo Is a smaller one
known as tho Templo of Jupiter. It is smaller
In form, having its peristyle and tho walls of Its
cells still mostly standing. Its dimensions are
227 feet in length by 117 feet in breadth, with
15 columns at tho sides and 8 at each end. Roth
temples ns well as the surrounding structures
were built of limestone, in a richly decorated,
Bomowhat fantastic Corinthian style. Besides
these there stands at a distance of 300 yards from
tho others a circular building supported on six
granite columns built In mixed Ionic and Corin
thian style.
Nearby also aro tho remains of the Templo of
Baccbue, famed for its magnificent carvings.
Hero are enormous Blabs of stone elaborately
carved with tho heads of emperors and deities
and interwoven with floral designs, the wholo
forming a unlquo celling. Tho portal is the gem
of the entire edifice. The door posts are beauti
fully carved with figures of Bacchus, fawns,
cuplds, satyrs, and bacchantes, woven around
which are grape vines and clusters of fruit, pop
ples nnd cars of wheat, all of which are symbol
ical of tho revelling which tho namo of the tem
ple suggests.
This great doorway stands 43 feet high and
21 ' feet wldo, while the carving of the posts
just mentioned covers a spaco nbout six feet
wide. On both sides of this door stand graceful
fluted columns forming the prostyle or portico,
while the plain ones of the peristyle, which
stands between them, seem to reflect their
beauty.
The mammoth etones contained in tho inclosing
wall of the Acropolis havo been the marvel of
engineers for ages. The lowest courses are of
stones of moderate dimensions, but at a height of
20 feet above tho ground on the west wall is a
row of three enormous stones, tho shortest being
03 feet and the longest 65 feet in length, and
each being about 13 feet high and 10 feet thick.
They are tho largest building blocks ever known
to have been used by man. A still larger stono
lies In tho ancient quarry nearby, never having
been detached from the rock beneath. This one
Is 70 feet long by 14 feet by 13 feet.
coiimyj fromm po?7M or
TT7PJLE OF BACCJiUC
At an early period tlin
Arab1! converted the temples
Into the fortresses, and to
this end, to a certain extent,
temoved them. Their woik,
however, has now been re
moved by the Germans
The early history of Baal
bek is Involved In d.irkneiis,
but It Is certain that from
the most dli.tant times It had
been a chief Heat of nun
worship, as Its name Implies.
Augustus made It a Roman
colony and placed thero a
gnrrlHon. Baalbek had an
oiaclo held In such high es
teem that In the second cen
tury A I). It was comsultcd
by the Kinperor Trajan prior to his entranco on
his second I'arthlan campaign. Antoninus I'lus
(A. D. 138-1G1) built tho great templo which tho
legend curro"t nmong tho modern Inhabitants
counts a woll of Solomon. Tho platform nnd
substructures, however, nro of a much earlier
dnte. This templo Is said to havo contained a
golden statue of Apollo, or of Zeus, which on cer
tain animal festivals tho chief cltlzcnR of Hellop
olls boro about on their shoulders. When Chris
tianity, under Constantino, becamo tho dominant
religion, the templo beenmo a Chrlstlnn church.
In tho wars that followed tho taking of tho city
by the 'Arabs, who sacked it in A. D. 748, tho
templo wnB turned Into a fortress. Tho city wns
completely pillaged by Tlmur In A. D. 1400.
Both city and temple continued to fall moro nnd
moro Into decay under tho misery and mlsrulo to
which Syria has been subject ever since. Many
of the magnificent pillars were overturned by the
pashas of Damascus merely for tho snko of the
Iron with which the stones were bound together.
What tho ArabB, Tartars and Turks hnd spnred
was destroyed by a terrlblo earthquako In 1750.
Baalbek Ib now an lnslgnlflcnnt villago with n
population of about 2,000, moro than hnlf of
whom are Christians.
THINGS NOT GENERALLY KNOWN
Thousands of Changes Can Be Rung on Eight
BellsHorses in Race.
How many peoplo realize tho number of ways
in which It is possible for some of tho commonest
avcry-day events of Ufa to happen? London
Answers asks.
As you walk through tho streets of your town,
for example, and hear the chimes of your parish
church bells, has it ever occurred to you to think
out how many "changes" can bo rung with a
"peal" of eight bells? Tho answer Is 40,320, a
number which seems almost .Incredible, but nono'
tho less is true.
Ten horses run in a raco. The number of ways
in which tho first, second and third places can
be filled Is 720, while tho number of ways In
which all ten horses can pass the winning post
Is tho enormous number 3,027,800.
A town council Is composed of twenty-five coun
cillors and ten aldermen. From it it is posslblo
to form C.375.C00 different committees, each com
posed of five councillors and threo aldermen.
Eight people could arrange themselves about a
round tablo in 5,040 different ways, and if six per
sons receive a first-class railway carriage having
six seats they could choose from among 700 dif
ferent ways of seating themselves,
A llttlo girl haa ten different beads to make
Into a necklace. She could do It 181,290 times
and get a different nacklaco each time.
If we wish to make a selection of six books
out of an available twelve, we have the cholco
of 924 ways In which to do It, while If we have
tho following coins halfpenny, penny, sixpenny
piece, shilling, florin, and half crown we can ar
range them in a straight lino in 720 different
ways. Try it!
FInnlly, It would take 5,000 years for a man
earning 200 a year to earn 1,000,000, while
If a person Invested .11 nt 5 per cent, compound
Interest ho would becomo a mllllonnlre--could ho
live so long In 283 years.
Nothing Like That These Days.
"How did Sklmmels make his money?"
"He was one of those old-fashioned dairymen
who left you In doubt whether water had been
put in the milk or milk had been spilled In tho
water." Washington Stur.
Awful.
Clarice It must bo awful to bo married to n
man you cannot love!
Gaby I should think so! It is bo hard getting
a dlvorco from those goody-goody chaps. Penn
sylvania Punch Bowl,
Disqualified.
"My wifo thlnka I'm ono man in a million."
boasted Tlgg.
"Is that so?" said Wlgg, sadly. "I don't bellovo
my wife thinks I'm a man at all."
A 8orlous Loss.
"Dlggs tells me ho takes nearly all tho leading
newspapers," said tho visitor.
"So he does," sighed tho exchange editor. "Ho
takes them from me."
Practice Reoultu In Severe Damage to
Annual Plnntlngo How to
Reckon the Distance,
Ono of tho most prolific rnusos ot
loirn of nursery stock after trans
planting, or for Hovcrnl yenrB thoro
after 1b thin common practice) of too
closo growing of hoed crops. This
practice, Hays Rural Life, results la
sovero damages to tho annual plant
ings. The loss amounts possibly to
10 per cent. Tho too common prnc-j
tlco la to nllow no moro space bo-j
twcoii tho tree row nnd tho Inter-crop;
rows than between two Inter-crow
rowH, bo the Inter-ctops cnbbago,i
beans, potatoes or corn. Such dls-l
tnncea vnry from 30 lnchofl to 3',J
feet, according to crop used ott
planted.
In tho first plnco, tho dlatnncci
should bo reckoned from tho expand
ed top of tho tree, rather than from
tho trunk at base. The outside of ton
Ih a limiting factor, alnco tho allow
ance should be mndo for leaning of
the same, or nocslbly all of tho trco
on the leeward side.
The nearest tow to tho tieo row
should be far enough from tho row
to penult tlin horse In cultivating to
pass Tieely nnd without letting har
ness catch Into or oonio In contact
with blanches of tree. It will sur
pilso those who hav never riven tho
Ktibjecl much thought, tho difference)
that tho lean or Incline of n tree
makes, when It deviates from n
plumb or to n vertical line. In tho
w liter's opinion tho spaco between
tree iow and tho nearest winter-crop
row should not bo less than four foot,
tho year trees nro planted, If two
yearn old, or branched trees nro iiBed,
nnd farther each succeeding year.
PAPER POT IS INEXPENSIVE'
There Is Money In Butter Making.
tain tho best results It Ib essential
that tho anlmnls purchased for tho
dairy should bo of tho strict dairy
type, and be made a permanent pait
of tho farm live stock. TIiobo who
purchase cows with tho Intention of
milking them but n short time and
then selling them olT when tho prlco
of butter-fat drops or when tho ani
mal goca dry naturally look more for
beef pioducers rather '.ban milk pro
ducers. It is Impossible to build up
a good dairy herd by this method.
Dual-purpose animals may bo used
in some localities to good advantage,
but to get tho beat reitultB onu of the
upeclal daiiy breeds should be used.
This does not mean that only thor
oughbred animals should bo used, but
animals that are bred for milk pin
ductlon. A good dairy cow should
produce enough butter-fat in her best
dnyB that the value of tho beef may
bo of secondary Importance, If not
entirely Ignored.
A person purchasing an Implement
considers first how much service ho
can get out of it and not its value
as scrap iron vvhon worn out. Thoso
who purchase a dairy cow should con
sider how much butter-fat she will
produce and not tho value of her hldo
and carcass.
Llttlo Device Easily Made and Sucj
cessfully Serves Many Purposes
In Starting Seeds.
Hero Ib n little devlco, so Inexpen
sive and so easily made, nnd which
successfully serves so many purposes)
In starting seeds and plants, that)
every ono should avail himself of Itfli
help.
Take n pleco of ntlff paper (nob
necessarily cardboard) and on It drawi
two circles, ono within tho cither; tho
outer circle should be six inches ra-
I dins, and tho Innor ono tlticc. cue
out tho portion of paper lusldo tho
smaller cliclc, and trim to tho lino
of the outer circle, thuu having a
shape like a doughnut. Cut this
round piece of paper Into threo oqunl
aics (or It may bo halved for large
PLACE FOR HENS TO SCRATCH
Leaves Make Excellent. Material If
Gathered When Perfectly Dry
Oat Straw Is Cheap.
There aro a number of different ma
terials which furnish an excellent
place for tho hens to scratch In, Bays
a writer in tho Poultry Journal.
LeavcB aro probably tho stuff most
used by tho small poultrymcn. Theso
aro good if gathered when perfectly
dry. They must bo put Into tho pens
every few days, bccauBo tho poultry
will break them into dust by their
continual scratching. I find oat straw
about as cheap in tho long run, be
causo it lasts qulto a whllo and furn
ishes some feed if fed before thresh
ing. Somo of my neighbors havo tried
feeding buckwheat as a scratching
material and a feed combined. Buck
wheat is too fattening and should be
used only occasionally. Corn husks
make an excellent scratching material.
Shredded or cut corn fodder dooB very
well if thero Is nothing else on hand.
I do not like nny form of meadow
grass or swale for scratching ma
terial becauso It mats down too much
when cut nnd not enough when not
cuL
Salting Cabbages,
For soveral years I havo raised cab
bages and found it advantageous,
after setting out tho plant, to drop
a little salt on tho heart of the cab
bage, says a writer in tho Fruit Grow
er. When tho salt Is dissolved by
rain, or somo other agent, It should be
renewed, and tho process continued
until nil danger from cabbage worms
Is past.
A cabbage treated in this way will
grow much larger, and when the
bead ia cut opon it will not bo found
honeycombed with wormholes.
Necessity for Testing 8eed.
Good seed corn Ib the key to getting
good stands of corn. A good stand of
corn Is necessary to secure good
yields. Owing to tho wet fall of 1911
thero Is now much doubtful seed
corn In tho country
One cannot afford to plant corn
any years, much less this year, with
out testing. The single-ear method
of testing seed corn Is the only prac
tical method.
, N
Paper Pot at Two 8tages.
plants). Uno ono of theso parts as n
pattern, and cut as many llko it as
you want.
On ono end of tho arc cut into tho
outer end, threo quartorB of an Inch
from tho end, a silt hnlf way across
tho pnper; on tho other end cut tho
enmo from tho lnnor edge. Then bend
tho strip and lock tbo silts together
to hold each other an fastenings to the
poL
Tho llttlo paper pot will bo bottom
less and will havo sot in sand or soil,
whichever Ib to bo used as ground to
grow tho things In, nnd filled as any
pot, putting thu seed, cutting or plant
It In the usual way.
Tho soli Into which tho pot is
plunged must, of course; bo kept
moist. When tho plant is ready to bo
shifted to a larger, or transplanted,
the paper can bo torn off, leaving the
ball of soil undisturbed, and tho plant
will feel no shock of removal.
Many plants cannot stand trans
planting by tho usual way, and for
such these llttlo paper pota aro found
to bo invaluable. Give them a trial.
H. W. M. ,
A sick hen Ib never a paying Invest
ment. Dry coops aro cheaper than sick
chicks.
For tho egg eating habit try darken
ing the nests.
Llttlo and often Is a good feeding
rule for chicks.
Poultry success depends more on
condition than on breed.
Crossing breeds Ib a stop backward
in tho chicken business.
If chickens nro worth raising at all
thoy aro worth raising well.
It Is bettor to cut a chicken's head
off than to let him eat it off.
Sell, kill or confine all malo birds,
whon tho hatching season 13 over.
Overheating is responsible for moro
incubator troublos than underheatlng.
Disinfecting tho Incubator between
hatches Is a precaution worth taking.
Feed tho llttlo chicks what thoy
need, not what you happen to havo
on hand.
Don't forget to have a row of sun
flowers; tho seeds aro excellent for
poultry.
Remembor that water glass solution
will keep this summer's eggs until
they doublo in price.
A half pint of carbonic acid In two
gallons of water makes a good disin
fectant for any purpose.
Removing tho causo of disease Is
more satisfactory all around than dooi
torlng the chlckon afterward.
Hi
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