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30 HOURS
'LL cioss the Atlnntlc In tlilrty hours,"
said Claudo Grahame-Whlte, tlio avla
tor, and named next summer as the
tlmo when he would inako good his
promise.
Hu might have Bald: "I will tempt
all the terrors of the unknown. I will
accomplish what Imb never been tried.
I will risk my Hklll against the ele
ments and win. 1 will take to myncll
the swiftness of the meteor and the
sureness of the seagull I will defy
time, the wind, the weather, tho tracklesB wastes
of tho sky and tho ocean. I will make real the
dream of tho dreamer."
Hut Grahame-Whlte Is a true Hrlton and as such
has a hearty dlsllko for the grandiloquent. He Is
quite content with: "I'll croBs tho Atlantic In
thirty hours" as If the feat were the most matter-of-fact
performance In tho world and the chances
are that ho regards It a good deal in that light.
At first hearing, it sounds like an Idlo boast,
but those who havn followed tho career of this
eminently shrewd, clenr-headed and capable air
man know that he Ib neither a boaster nor n vis
ionary. If ho says ho will do a thing It Is certain
that ho believes firmly that he can and believes
it because he has studied his facts and tested his
theories.
It Ib but n ehort look back to the beginnings of
tho aeroplane and in the brief tlmo that that
wonderful machine has been In the hands of
men It has performed the very thlngB that skep
tics have declared Impossible. It seems nlmost
certain that at a tlmo not remote someone will
make tho perilous trip overseas. And why not
Grahamo-Whlto?
To tho nverago earth-man who Is satisfied
never to rise abovo tho top stories of an ofTIco
building the attempt, even tinder the best of con
ditions, nppears reckleps to the point of fool
hardiness. Not so to the aviator. "Glvo mo tho
kind of a machine I'm thinking of." ho remarks,
"and tho transatlantic trip would be just so much
duration Hying plain sailing."
.lust there lies tho nub of the question of air
navigation from Europe to America In tho ma
chines. They must first of all have speed, great
speed; they must have a lifting capacity enough
to carry the required amount of fuel, they must
have motors capable of standing the strain of
terrific and stupendous dl"ince. they must have
Instruments that will locate tho course with ac
curacy. All those elements must have been considered
long nnd carefully by Grahame-Whlte before he
made his recent announcment. He must be
satisfied that ho has an aeroplane that fulfils all
the conditions. So far, Ilttlo detail has leaked
out as to the manner of equipment ho will use.
It Ib known only that ho is building a machine
which will carry four engines, arranged In Inde
pendent palra and each rated at 2."0 horsepower.
Ho has said that he Is convinced that he can
show enough lifting capacity to carry tho re
quired fuel and enough speed to riiBh him to
thoso shores in thirty hours.
That may seem simple to tho unthinking, but
consider. Roughly speaking, It Is 3,000 mlleH
from coast to coast nnd nt Grahamo-Whlte's reck
oning of thirty hours that means that ho has a
machine which ho trustB for at least one hundred
miles an hour, mlnuto after minute without In
terruption What course ho will chooso haB not yet de
veloped. Ho hns the wholo great ocean to choose
from. It has been hinted that tho steamship
lanes aro the nnturnl path for the adventurer
to glvo somo measure of protection 4n case of
accidents. , If he chooses that from Queenstown
to Sandy Hook lightship ho must traverso 2.800
miles; if from" Plymouth to Sandy -Hook, 2.902
mllca; If from Southampton to Sandy Hook,
3,100; If from Havre to Sandy Hook, 3,170 miles;
and if from Cherbourg, 3.G44. Tho Mauretanla
has made the pa6sago In four days ten hours and
forty-one minutes. The aviator proposes to clip
at one swoop C.341 minutes from that record.
To bo euro there are other roads which are
Bald to bo safer. There Is that which leads from
tho Azores to tho Bermudas, one that allows for
two relatively ehort hops and a long one from
mainland to mainland. Then there Is that other
one favored by thoso who have planned out tho
course not for an aoroplane but for a power
dirigible,
This second course Is practically tho same over
which Columbus was wafted across by the kindly
trade winds centuries ago. From a meteoro
logical standpoint it la said to be tho best. It
lies from Cadiz to Tenerlffo, a distance of 807
miles; from Tenerlffo to Porto Rico, a distance
of 3,219 miles; from Porto Rico to Havana, dis
tance of 1.121 miles; and thenco to tho main
land. Tho course lies in a zone varying little
from twenty degroos north latltudo and In tho
winter and spring offors fair weather and a wind
with a velocity of fourteen to sixteen miles an
hour.
Tho matter of wind, however, seems to have
troubled Grahame-Whlte little. It Is probable
that ho will select one of tho northorly courses
and It la probablo that ho may fly even as far
north as Labrador By choosing that as a point
of landing nnd Ireland na point of starting, ho
might reduco his distance by hundreds of miles.
Whatoever his course, however, ho must have
speed. Even at his own estimate of thirty hours,
the nervous strain of guiding an noroplane for
that length of tlmo without sleep would bo ter
rific and would increase immonsely with overy
added hour.
Grahamo-Whlto hns always been n believer in
tho speed possibilities of his nlr crafts. Some
tlmo ago he held that 100 miles an hour was no
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very remarkable rate. "Friends of mine," ho
said, "who are experts on tho scientific aspects
of airmanship, predict that eventually speeds of
200 miles nnd 300 miles an hour will bo possible.
At this, one's imagination is apt to reel, but
this much Is certnln: If tho Hying machine Is
to becomo of real Importance, nnd not remain
nlways a sporting toy. It nuiBt bo speedier than
any method of transit on Innd."
Perhaps ho Is convinced that his new four
motor arrangement will glvo him 100 miles con
tinuously. He must have that to make his Jour
ney In the time ho has set. Jules Vedrlnes has
flown at the rate of a trlfta better than 105 mlleB
an hour and George Fourny holdB a record of
fifteen hours of continuous (light. Nothing llko
a union of tho two records has yet been known
nnd if Grahame-Whlte succeeds according to his
promise ho will have approached one and bet
tered tho other.
It mny seem strange, but to tho aviator tho
matter of swiftness Is a secondary consideration
in the problem. To him tho lifting power is the
thing thnt counts. One prominent aviator figured
the other day that on such a trip as Grahame
Whlte pluns he would under known conditions
have to carry fuel amounting In weight to moro
than 4,000 pounds.
It Is estimated that an nverago aeroplane mo
tor with a speed capacity ot sixty miles an hour
will use on nn average five gallons of, gasoline
an hour and ono gallon of lubricating oil. Roth
theso weigh approximately six pounds a gallon
Grnhnmo-Whlte Is to have four motors and stay
In the air thirty hours. The result Is simple
figuring.
Tho main dlfllculty, then, will bo in producing
an aeroplane which haB the power to make a
tremendous lift without materially reducing Its
speed. It Is generally conceded thnt tho typo of
airship used will be necessarily a blplano ns the
dainty monoplnno is not a weight cnrrler. Even
the biplane jias not yet shown power of moving
the tremendous weight which It Ib estimated tho
cross-seas adventurer must carry.
In Frnnco there Is a record of a machine of
this sort lifting thirteen people from the ground.
That, however, was a mere hop and not a sus
tained (light. At best only 1,9.0 pounds of human
freight was thus carried, if each porson Is al
lowed 150 pounds.
Whatever Improvements Grnhame-Whlto may
havo in his new machine It is certain thnt he
must have unusual lifting power even if he has
discovered somo means .of cutting his oil and
gasoline requirements. He will havo to have a
tremendous drive to overcome the drag of tho
weight in his storage tanks.
To achieve what ho has set out to do he will
havo to secure a machine of a typo superior to
anything that hns been bo far seen In motor
equipment, in strength, steadiness, and speed.
His motors will havo to better the continuous
flight record by half, equal tho speed record and
beat tho lifting record by long odds.
Granted, however, thnt he will havo at hU
command n machlno equal to all emergencies ho
will Btill havo tho ocean to cross. That In the
estimation of the nvlator la tho least of hln trou
bles. Philip W. Pago, aviator, expert in the man
agement of hydroplanes, and ono of tho foremost
cross-wnter flyers, expressed tho vlows of many
of his fellow-airmen In discussing this phase of
the proposed flight tho other afternoon.
"Of course." ho said, "there Is a possibility of
making a flight from continent to continent.
Such a flight, however, presupposes an aeroplane
theoretically perfect for tho purpose With such
n machine tho 'Journey would bo by no means as
terrifying aa most people Imagine If the aviator
were sure of staying In tho nir and mnklng the
requlrod spend, tho rest under normal condi
tions would bo one of the simplest klnda of flying
straightaway ovor an unimpeded course.
"Contrary to tho general belief, ho would have
conditions better than thoso on land. Tho winds
In the summer should bq steady and never very
strong. He would encounter no buildings, trees
or abrupt changes In tho faco of the country to
split his air currents. Almost any nvlator will
tell you that ho prefers a forty-mllo steady to a
fifteen-mile puffy wind.
"Tho alr-holo theory has come to be a good
deal of a myth, but thoro aro still troublesome
up nnd down trenda of tho atmosphcro which
lend no little dlfllculty to land flying. Theso nro
caused In a largo measure from sudden obstruc
tion to nlr eurronta and from radiation.
"Tho atmosphero ovor the ocean Is not sub
ject to theso obstructions nor is It affected by
any such radiation as we meet with oer land
on a hot day I should say that hip dlfllculty
would not Ho prlmnrlly with atmospheric condi
tions, provided he had reasonably settled weath
er, but rather with the posFlhle unsuroiiess of
his aeroplane, possible trouble with his motor
nnd the Intricacies of navigation."
Given fair weather and a machine which will
make the speed he hopes, thu actual physical
demand upon Urahaiue-Whlte would not he a so
vero one. The control of a machine running In
steady currents would not be a trying one.
Plnlu Hying even nt a great speed does not call
for any very large amount of exertion.
On the other hand the nervous strain would be
tremendous. It is hard to ltnnglno the Btnlo of
mind of n man hurled Into the unknown with only
a slender fabric of metal, wood and cloth be
tween him and death. It Is equally dllllcult to
conceive of what thirty hours or more of cata
pulting ncroes mile after mile of ocean nt 100
miles nn hour would mean. At the least It would
necessitate a tension the llko of which few men
havo over experienced.
PENALTIE8 FOR TOMMY ATKINS.
How British Soldier la Punished for Offenses In
Time of War.
When a soldier proceeds on active servlco ho
has to mind his "p's" nnd "q's." for offenses which
In pence tlmo would bo lightly punished may In
tho field render him llablo to death. sayB London
Tlt-Rlts. In time of peace, If Tommy Atkins, bo
Ing on sentry go, sleeps or Is drunk on his post
or quits It without being properly relieved, ho
will probably get off with u short dose of Impris
onment or perhaps of "detention" only. On nc
tlvo service tho pcnnlty for theso offenses Is
death.
It would not usually be enforced nowadays,
except for a repeated offense or where, owing to
tho prevalence of misbehavior nmong scntrleB, It
Is necessary to "make an exnmplo." but still the
liability to death Is there.
In peaco tho maximum penalty for desertion
Is two years' Imprisonment, with or without hard
Inbor. but In practice n flrst offense will get a
short term of Imprisonment. On nctlvo service
the deserter takeB tho risk of death If recaptured
nnd If tho offenso is committed nctually In faco ol
tho enemy ho will probably bo shot.
Similarly, acts of Insubordination which in the
ordinary way would bo comparatively venlnl of
fenses become punlshnblo by death on nctlvn
servlco. In passing it mny bo mentioned that
even in peaco an insubordinate soldier may bo
sentenced to denth if convicted by a genornl
court-martial on ono or another of tho following
charges: Striking or using or offering any
violence to his superior officer, being In tho exe
cution of his office; or disobeying,. In such man
ner bb to show a willful deflanco of authority,
any lawful command given personally by his bu
porlor officer In tho execution of his office,
whether tho samo Is given orally or In writing
or by Blgnal or otherwise.
In peaco, however, the maximum pcnnlty has
not been Inflicted for theso offenses for many
years
Active service brings Into being offenses which
practically do not exist In poaco. One of th
most serious of crimes peculiar to active service
is "forcing a safeguard." Tho commander of nn
Invading army will often detach parties of his
own men to protect the persona nnd property of
civilian Inhabitants from vlolonco by lila own
sldo. To force such a snfeguard almost lnvarl
ably means death.
Breaking Into n houso or nny other place In
search of plunder may also mean death, even
when there is no snfeguard; but as a rule a les
ser penalty would bo Inflicted. It depends n
good denl on the commander. Somo gcnernls
wink at looting; others Lord Roberts, for one
nro very sovero on it.
During the noer war moro than one of our
men was executed for tho sake of a Boer fowl
or bottle of "square-face." On ono occasion only
tho readiness of nn Irish "Tommy" saved him
from the firing party or tho gallows. He wns
caught with a couple of fowls under his cont and
by no less a personago than "Bobs" himself, out
riding with his staff.
Asked for nn explanation, hn Instantly replied
that ho had caught tho fowls running lonso on
tho veldt nnd that, henrlng tho commander In
chief wns on short rations, he wns on his way to
ask hla lordship to accept them as a present.
The fowls and tho explanation were ncceptcd.
It Is possible for a soldier to show cowardice
In tlmo of peaco. In Btich a caso ho would prob
ably bo charged with an act or conduct "to tho
prejudice of good order nnd military discipline,"
sentenced to a stiff dose of Imprisonment und to
bo "discharged with Ignominy."
On actlvo servlco nny net of cowardice Ib pun
ishable by death, while n soldlor who, "In action
or povlously to going Into action, uses words cal
culated to cVente unnecessary alarm or despon
dency," Is llablo to pcnnl servitude
Who carries out a sentence of death on active
service? Thla la tho duty of the provost-marshal,
who, with a largo force, Ib an officer of fairly
high rnnk Ho Is responsible for mnklng all ar
rangements for tho execution and, If necesnry,
ho must hlmsolf act na executioner. In tho Boer
war ono provost-mnrshal was Major (now Col
onel) R. M. Poore, tho fnmoiiB Hampshlro cricketer.
A Natural Mistake,
"What do you supposo tho flnnnclnl editor has
done?"
"Whntr
"He hns put tho nrtlclo cnlled Stock Phrnjoi
under the head of Market Quotations."
tho
thu
A Conundrum Luncheon.
I nm anxloun to entertain for a
school teacher who Is coming to the
city for a week'n vacation. Cnn you
suggest something to do at tho table,
something like "nuts to crack," only
1 do not want to do tho questions up
In walnut shells. Howcna.
1 should think this conundrum
luncheon would bo Just what you
want. For tho centerpleco have a
large Interrogation point of umnll
flowern a tlnumlth will innko the
form, which may bo lllled with sand
and tho flowers havo the nppearancn
of growing. Tho name cards should
also ho question marka cut from
cardboard. Any color that you select
should be carried out In tho place
cartlrt and tho coveru of tho Ilttlo hook
lets which contain the conundrums.
For ornumentntlon draw tho flguro of
an owl sitting on the branch of u tree
and u large Interrogation point.
Specimens of tho questions aro giv
en below, but, of course, you may
have others you wish to add:
When Is It easy to read In
woods? When autumn turtiB
leaves.
Why nro the western prairies flat?
Because tho sun setB on them overy
night.
Which Is the Inrgest room In tho
world? Room for Improvement.
When Ib a cup llko a cat? Whon
your teasln It.
Why Is It dangerouB to wnlk abroad
In the Fprlngtlmo? Bccnuso tho grass
is putting forth blades, every flower
haH a pistil, tho treoB nro shooting nnd
the bullnmhes nro out.
Why Ib n washerwoman tho great
est traveler on record? Because she
crosses the line nnd goes from pole
to polo.
If yon throw n stone that Is white
Into the Red sen, what will It be
come? Wet.
What Is the, difference between n
duck that has ono Wing nnd ono that
hns two? Merely a difference of a
pinion.
Why Is a schoolboy being flogged
llko your nyo? Bccuubo ho'a n pupil
under the lash.
Why doesn't Sweden send her ent
ile abroad? Bccnuso nhe keeps her
Stockholm.
What Ib tho difference between a
clock and a partnership? When a
clock la wound up It goes; whon a
Drm la wound up It atops.
Whnt belongs to yoursolf and Is
used by your friends moro than your
Bolf? Your namo.
What Is tho centor of gravity? Tho
'etter V.
' Pretty Party Gown.
Will you plenso suggost somo Inex
pensive muterlal for nn evening dress,
something to wear to tho concert, tho
thentor and such like? Would a fine
quality of cotton crepe mndo up
daintily bo all right? I do not havo
occasion very often to wear such a
dress, but when I do I need it.
Would It bo nsklng too much to nsk
you to suggoBt nlflo somo dainty way
of making such a dress for a soven-teen-year-old
girl? I will watch the
Sunday paper for your roply. Nellie.
Instead of tho cotton cropo I would
suggest a marquisette of whlto over
a whlto or colored silk slip made after
any girlish pattern to bo found In an
up-to-date, reliable fashion magazine.
You will And this very serviceable.
Trim with lace and a dainty sash. I
hopo I am not too late. It was Impos
sible to reply before.
Watch the Department.
I am much Interested In your col
umn In tho Sunday paper and am
coming to you for advice. Please
print as soon ns possible some games
to bo used at an evening party of
young men nnd women. Are "char
ades" popular? Thanking you In ad
vance. Kitten.
If you will send mo a self-addressed,
stamped envolopo In caro of this pa
per I think I can put you In line to
get somo party amusement Ideas.
Charades aro always good fun, either
Impromptu or planned beforehand.
Glad you enjoy tho column.
Acknowledging Reception Invitations.
Is an answer necessary when you
are invited to a reception? F. S.
Tho latest books on etiquette say
that a card sent to arrlvo on tho day
of the reception should act as a "re
gret" and ir you go no acceptance Is
required beforehand. I think, how
ever, that It does no harm to send an
acceptance or If you see the hostess
tell her you expect to bo there.
Placing the Wedding Ring.
Upon which finger should tho wed
ding ring bo placed? Country Lass.
Tho, finger next to tho little ono on
the left hand Is the ono from time
Immemorial called tho "wedding ring
finger."
MADAME MERRI.
Soap Jelly Mixed With Eggs la A l
wayo the Staple Dlonde T-esset
Frequently Require Special
Treatment.
There nro nlmost na many formulas
printed for shampoo mixtures ns for
faco creams. Some of these aro ex
cellent, and others possess no special
cleamilng proportion, while some aro
positively Injurious and should never
bo experimented with. Hero nro u few
formulas selected from n long list, nnd
wo can select from them according to
our special needs.
Three eggs lightly beaten with threo
tablespoons of wnrm water. Rub tho
mixture Into tho hair and on tho'
scalp, taking pains to clennso quite na
thoroughly us though you worn using
a soap shampoo. Moro eggs can bo
used If necessary, but thu proportion
of water should bo a tablespoon to
each egg. If tho odor of tho eggs la
unpleasant to you, a Ilttlo toilet water;
can he put In a half pint of cold water!
and poured over tho hair after tho last
rinsing. !
An egg shampoo with soap Jelly Is;
sometimes moro satisfactory than eggs!
alone, and the genornl rulo la to ubo
one tcaspoonful of soap Jelly to each
egg, mixing tlium well; then fill a ba
sin with two quarts of hot water, hold
the head over It and suds tho hair well
with the egg mixture, using tho water
from the basin to assist In tho cleans
ing; rinse In several waters nnd dry
In tho sun.
For blonde hair tho following Is ad
vised: Thu whites of two eggs, foui
ounces of rose wator, a half ounce al
cohol and a level teaspoonful of pow
dered borax. Rub Into tho hair ns you
would any other shampoo, cleansing
both hair and Bcalp, and rlnso well In
several waters.
A simple shampoo consists ot a half
cup of olive oil soap, a level teaspoon
ful of baking soda and a gonnrous pint
of hot water. Iet stand till cold when
it will bo a soft Jelly. Wot tho hair
first with warm water, and shampoo
with the Jelly.
For very oily, dirty hnlr, take a table
spoon ot green soap and dlssolvo It In
ono pint of hot water by constant Btlr
ring. Add a half ounce ot glycerine
nnd an ouucu of alcohol. TIiIb Is ex
cellent where there 1h thick dandruff,
as It la very cleansing to tho Hcalp.
White hair Is said to bo greatly ben
efitted by a shampoo composed of a
small cup of shaved white soap In one
and a halt plntii of bulling water, and
when dissolved ndd a half pint of bay
rum, a teaspoonful powdered borax
nnd 20 grains blsulphato of quinine.
Keep In n glass Jar. A fow drops ol
laundry bluing lu tho last rlnso wa
ter will help to provent tho yellow
streakB which spoil many an other
wise snowy "crown of gloryv"
No matter which shampoo mixture
you select, remombcr that tho secret
of successful shampooing consists ot
thoroughness In tho washing and In
the rinsing also. Threo times for the
sudsing aro none too many and the
last rinsing should bo very moderate.
If tho wnshlng nnd rlnBlng nro proper
ly done, tho hnlr will bo soft, glossy
and quickly dried. Carelessness In
tho cleansing process Is responsible
whon tho hnlr Is Bticky, hard to dry
and hard to comb.
Artificial heat should not bo used
to dry the hnlr. Sunshino and frosb,
nlr nro best and the hair will retain
its health and vitality much longer U
dried lu tho sun. A fow momenta',
brisk brushing Is gjgod, but tho hair,
should never bo pulled or tho scalp
Irritated.
Hannah. Probably tho fault with
your flguro la duo to the fact that you
do not keep your chest up In position.
When the cheBt Is held well up tho
shoulders remain In their natural posi
tion and a rounded back is not pos
sible. Try lifting your chest up aa It
you woro trying to bring it up to your
chin, and do this whenever you think
about 'It. Take a half dozen deep
breaths also, several time's a day, and
you will be ablo to gradually overcome
tho tendency to drooping shoulders.
Jennlo W, L. A good, nourishing
cream Is necessary for the massage.
Not only for Its beneficial effect on the
skin, but also to aid tho Angora In
their work, as the constant friction
would bo likely to causo Irritation.
Only tho best cream should be used,
and an excellent motbod Is to follow
tho massage with a cloth dipped In
qulto cold water and held against tho
face for a fow minutes, after whlth
tho skn should be gently patted dry.
Now Reader. Shampooing tho hair
cannot cause tho least barm to either
hair or scalp, no matter how frequent
ly It Ib Indulged In. provided tbe
proper Ingredients are used in the
shampoo preparation. Once a week Is
not too often, If tho hair gets very
dirty and the scalp needs cleansing. A
preparation which Is strong enough!
to dry out tho natural oil and make'
tho hair dry and harsh should not bo)
used even once a year. You are wel-!
come to the formula for a good sbam-i
poo mixture.
Sophia. Have you tried the quick;
cold spongo bath In tho morning to
help overcomo the feeling of lassitude
you compluin of? I bellovo it will
provo of Immediate benefit. Ten
minutes Is sufficient tlmo for tho en
tire bath, with the brisk rubbing after
ward, and I am Buro you will find tt
Just what you need.
I iiopyriKni, ju, oy universal tress eradicate.)
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