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Lesson
Kny K. O. HKI.I.t:tl8. IHrortor of rvon
Iiik Popiirlini'iit, Tliu Moody llllilo ln
Mliuto of CIiIciikh.)
LESSON FOR APRIL 28.
THE BEATITUDES.
' HAT a varied nnd versatile
holiday Is May Day, meaning,
of course, tho First of May
an occasion which has alg
nlflcanco of one kind or an
other In a number of differ
ent countries. For us latter
day Americans probably the
KrcateRt prestige conies from
tho circumstance that May
Day is also "Dowey Day,"
meaning tho anniversary of
that memorable spring morn
ing when our most notablo
living naval hero took his
fleet Into Manila Hay and
dealt tho blow which did
more than any other slnglo
Incident to determine tho out-
como of the Spanish-American
war. To bo sure, it Is not tho custom of tho
nation to Indulge in spectacular observances of
"Dowey Day," but there Is a general display of
tho flag on residences nnd public buildings in
honor of tho occasion nnd it Is a favorlto occasion
for banquets nnd speech-making.
To go nt onco to tho other extreme in cata
loguing tho functions of May Day it may bo noted
that May Day Is also "moving doy," meanlnc tho
dato on which expire most leases of residential
property nnd when, In consequence, thcro Is a
general flitting to and fro of tho folk who live in
rented houses and in apartments or flats. In
some communities April 1 is more generally ob
served as "moving day" than Is May 1, but in
most sections of tho country tho later date is
preferred. In moro recent years, too, custom has
given October 1 some significance as a moving
dny, but for tho great majority of our people who
move only onco a year, at most, May 1 still has
the call as a fixed festival for the shifting of
household shrines.
May Day is a date marked for its own by or
ganlzed labor not only in tho United States, but
pretty much throughout tho civilized world. In
many cities there are on this day each year
monster parades of tho union labor organizations,
and It has long been accepted as tho most auspi
cious occasion for Inaugurating great general
strikes in the various trades. Some May Days
have been rendered memorable by riotous dis
turbances, but during the past few years the ob
Bervanco of the holiday has, for tho most part,
passed off quietly.
To all American children Mny Day is an event
to be looked forward to. There are May-pole
dances and frolics of various kinds In tho parka
If the weather permits and these are so organized
as to enlist tho participation of tho kindergart
eners nnd tho smallest children as well as the
older ones. When weather or other conditions
prevent the festivities in tho open air, special
exercises are held In the school rooms. In short.
May Day Is for tho whole body of American young
people an occasion of relaxation and jollity, but
for all that there are so many frolics, dancing
parties and social gatherings on the date, there is
one discordant noto In the dearth of weddings.
May 1, and, Indeed, every day in May, would seem
to bo ideal for weddings, but tho old superstition
that May marriages are unlucky restricts the
taumbor of brides on May Day and on tho thirty
days that follow.
May Day, although not always, or course, known
by that name, Is ono of the oldest holidays on the
calendar. In the church calendar tho first of
May Is the combined day of St. Philip the Apostle
and St James the Less, but the festivities which
mark tho day in Great Britain, France, Germany
nnd other countries are what may be termed the
direct descendants of the ancient Roman Floralla
and the Druldlc feasts In honor of the god Bel
the Baal of the Scriptures. Indeed, the origin of
the holiday seems to date still farther back In
the history of India and Egypt, and in both of
those ancient countries the May-pole was a recog
nized and conspicuous emblem.
History relates that the Druids celebrated the
first of May by lighting Immense fires In honor
of this deity, and It Is interesting to note that
this same custom (for all that It has lost Its re
ligious significance) is yet followed by the IrlBh
and the Scotch Highlanders. Among these rem
nants of the Celtic stock the festival Is to this
day referred to as Beltlne or Bcaltalne mean
ing, literally, "the day of Bel's fire." There are
other reminders of tho ancient May Day rites yet
to be observed In certain portions of Ireland and
Scotland, but theso have lapsed to a certain ex
tent with the advanco of tlmo and the invasion
of a new population and the curious person who
would behold tho observance of tho traditions
of May Day In all Its pristine glory must pene
trate nowadays to some remote or isolated ham
let in the Highlands.
Where tho old customs yet obtain all the youths
of a township or village meet on May Day on
the nearest moor. A round table or altar Is cut
In the green sod and the entire company station
tbemselveB in a trench which Is formed around
the table. A fire is kindled and a custard pre
pared of eggs and milk, a huge cako of oatmeal
being meanwhile kneaded and baked on the em
bers. The custard Is eaten but the cake Is merely
divided Into as many pieces as there are persons
in the company and these pieces are all thrown
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Into a bonnet, one piece having first been black
ened with charcoal. Then all those present are
blindfolded and each draws a piece of the cake
from the bonnet It falls to the lot of the lad who
draws the blackened piece to leap three times
through the flames of the bonfire, although ac
cording to tradition the man who In ancient times
was unfortunate enough to draw the blackened
piece was supposed to give himself a literal sac
rifice to the flames in the hope that the god Baal
might be Induced to grant a prosperous and pro
ductive year. To this same origin Is traced the
modern Irish custom of making the cattle pass
between fires, lighted at short distances, or of
having fathers jump or run through the flames
with their children In their arms.
The ancient Romans, unlike the Druids, made
May Day a festival of flowers Instead of an oc
casion for sacrifices, and consequently It is rea
sonable to suppose that most of our present-day
Ideas as to the May holiday In this country may
be traced back to the Romans. Indeed, the
Images of Flora that graced the Roman festivals
bad their prototypes In the May-dolls which were
until a few years ago universally popular In Eng
land nnd which, In somo sections of tho country,
are yet paraded on this eventful holiday. Some
people aro inclined to believe that these May-dolls,
in turn, suggested the Queen of the May, who was
once an indispensable sovereign at every May
Day festivity and who yet presides over every
such merry-making that attempts to fully live up
to tradition.
The crowning of the Queen of the May (and her
possible consort, the King) and the dance around
a May-pole are easily the most picturesque of the
May-Day customs which have come down to the
present generation and been more or less gener
ally acepted by them. The regulation May-pole
should be of birch and adorned with flowers and
ribbons. The latter-day custom has been to set
up the pole for the occasion on May Day eve, but
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In London somu years ago there wero May-poles
standing permanently In tho streets. Ono famous
May-polo, erected with much ceremony, was of
cedar, was put in placo by twelve seamen and
bad tho astonishing height of ono hundred nnd
thirty-four feet. Tlio Puritans who settled our
Now Englnnd states frowned upon tho custom of
frolicking nt u May-polo nnd ono of tho early gov
ernors of Massachusetts cut down a May-polo in
God's name.
Tho celebration of May Day In Sweden is very
picturesque nnd embodies many reminders of its
ancient origin. On tho previous evening huge
bonfires aro built In every hamlet and around
theso tho young people dnnco merrily until all
hours. May Day itself Is characterized by a fan
tastic sham battlo in which tho opponents repre
sent, respectively, Winter nnd Summer. Of
courso, Winter is always defcatod, as becomes an
occasion that ushers in tho truo Spring season,
nnd nt tho conclusion of the strug
gle a figure representing Winter Is
burned or burled in efflgy. May
Day Is In fact the chief and almost
the only gnla day of the Swedish
children, and thoy aro wont to In
cludo as n feature of tho occasion
a splendid banquet to which all the
housewives are expected to con
tribute good things to cat
In tho United StatcB, May-pole
dances can bo made especially ef
fective from a spectacular stand
point by reason of tho fact that our
national colors, red, white and
blue, when utilized In tho stream
ers or festoonB of tho May-pole,
mako for a color scheme that is
particularly pleasing as tho stream
ers aro entwined during tho prog
ress of the dance. There Is no
May-polo dance moro pleasing to
tho eyo than that in which the
dancers skip lightly In their en
circling mazes on a level groen
sward, but May-pole dances on
roller skates, on bicycles and on
hnropback are among tho novelties
which havo been Introduccd'by persons who love
L. M..rrT May Day has become a favorite for
SntXm'Mrfmance. and for out-door comic
KFta"AK always popular clown, play a
most prominent part
Abdul HamicTs Days
Abdul Hamld, otherwise acclaimed aa "Abdul the
Damned," is now Blxty-nlno years old. In his Alad.
dln-Uke villa, where he Is closely kept out of sight,
it Is said that he occupies himself with working at
the carpenter's bench and arranging elaborate din
ners with his chief cook. Tho Young Turks have
not sought to take away a reasonable amount of
what the old man considers necessary to his com
fort and amusement, provided he will not plot to re
turn to power, In which case they will cut off his
subsidy. "Since his dethronement," Bays Le Crl
de Paris, "he has added 20 Circassian girls to his
household, and to theso, quite recently four more,
and tho Ottoman treasury pays the expense of these
acquisitions."
It is said that the old sultan as thoroughly de
tests his jailer, Rassl Bey, as did the great Napo
leon his jailer, Hudson Lawe, at St. Helena, and
has not addressed ten words to Rassl since his cap
tivity began.
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Call to Duty
"I try to do my duty," said the excedlngly sincere
person, "and I do not hesitate to remind others of
their duty."
, "Go ahead," replied the easy-going citizen. "You
may prove to be a very useful member of society.
But when you get through you'll have about as
many sincere friends and admirers as an alarm
clock."
"Shorty" Was An Angel
atsman's Good Right Arm Responsi
ble for Credit Given to Heav
enly Agency.
"Shorty" Griffin, third baseman of
the old Jersey City baseball club
five feet two, bnt gifted with intellect
and with such an arm 1 was return
ing from the grounds one day when
he ran into an amateur game. "Shorty"
conld never pass one of these con
tests. The score was tied in the
ninth. The team at bat was eager to
win at all hazards, bo they agreed
upon a scheme to "ring in" their best
hitter out of turn. A wordy argument
ensued.
"Shorty," without thn slightest hesi
tation, entered the confab In an effort
to straighten matters. Did he manage
to right the difficulty? Certain It Is
that by the time the field was cleared
he waa at the plato, coat off, sleeves
rolled up, borrowed cap on his head,
bat in band, awaiting the pitcher's of
fering. A fast out-curve was deliv
ered and "Shorty" swung heavily.
A few blocka away a little boy
heard something drop with a resound
ing crack a foot away. Picking up
the ball, he ran home and cried:
"Oh, motherl See sco the baseball
an angel throw to me!"
New Honey.
On general principles the provident
Scotsman objected to paying Import
duties, yet he expressed his willing
ness to pay whatover the government
demanded for a jar of heather honey,
says the New York Sun.
'That is about the only good, thing
in the eating line that the New York
palate has never learned to crave,"
be said. '1 have inquired in many a
New York market, but nowhere have
I found pure heather honey. Clover
honey abounds, and buckwheat honey
and the common mixed honey, but
heather honey, which is best of all,
seems a luxury that New York epi
cures have not yet learned to appreciate."
It Often Happens.
"I guess I got a little too gay," ad
mitted the landlord. "I wouldn't paint'
a doorstep for the old tenant"
"And he moved T"
"He moved; and now I've got to
paint the entire house before I can get
a new tenant"
t.nssoN Tt:XT Mntt. r.:Ml
(iOMH'.N TPA'T "HUiummI urn tlin purn
In lienrt for thoy nliull (No doubt nliout.
it) vn Uotl." (
It was St. Aiifiuetlno who flrst gavo
tho ordination address of Jesus, afturj
choosing tho twelve, tho tltlo of "Tho
Sermon on tho Mount," a tlllo now uni
versally accepted. It Is better perhaps
"Tho Gospel of tho Kingdom," telling,
us of tlio characteristics of theso mem-i
hers of tho now kingdom .lesuii camo
establish, the lnllucnco of theso.
members upon tho wot Id, nnd is n com-,
tucntiiry upon tho laws of this king
dom. It Is this, and moro, for It Is u
prophecy of tho church at. work nml!
iilno a test whereby wo nro to know
who belong to this kingdom.
Their Spiritual Meaning.
Thcro nro In rnnllty only seven of
tho Ucatltudes, tho "blessednesses"
and seven 1b always typical of perfect
iichb. They aro written Hi Old Testa
jnent language, but glvo tho old form n
new and spiritual meaning. Tho re
wards aro not arbitrary, but are tho
logical outgrowth of the character de
pleted. Tho first four aro passlvo virtues.
Happy aro thoso who nro poor In Bplr
it, not tho poor-splrltcd but tho humblo
minded ones conscious of their noed.
It Is tho poor, ns to this world, that
aro to bo rich lu faith and to bo lictrs
of that kingdom which Christ has
promised to thoso that lovo him (Jas.
2:5). Happy nro thoso that mourn, for
they mourn not ub thoso who havo no
hopo, they, shall bo comforted, yea,
thoy shall bo strengthened. Paul tells
us of that sorrow which is unto salva
tion nnd need not to bo repented of,
but tho sorrow of tho world worketh
death. Happy nro tho meek, thoso who
nro not proud. Tho prldo of mnn Is
Boon cut off as grass. In him, tho
meek nnd lowly, wo nro to And rest to
our bouIs. Wo nro exhorted by tho
meekness and gentleness of Christ to
recelvo instruction nnd Peter tolls ub
that our ornamentation that shall bo
of tho greatest prlco is to bo mock and
qulot In spirit.
At this point tho master begins to
mako his practical application of tho
lives of thoso having theso character
istics, upon tho world about thorn.
Happy nro the merciful. Tho with
holding of mercy tends to poverty, but
tho liberal soul shall bo made fat for
to tho merciful ho will show himself to
bo merciful. Forcboarlng, nnd forgiv
ing wo cntor Into this hupplness, being
kind, forgiving, tender-hearted, eveu as
Christ hath forgiven us.
Righteousness Defined.
Happy aro tho puro for thoy may
draw nigh unto God in full assurnnco
of faith for themselves and on behalf
of others. Indeed tho writer of He
brews tells ub that without holiness
(purity) no mnn enn sco God, not our
own righteousness wherein wo might
boast but tho righteousness of Christ
which 1b by faith.
Happy aro tho peacemakers, the re
ceivers and tho dlffUBcrn of this king
dom. Not merely peaceable men, nor
pleccB of men, but rather as Tyndalo'a
version is, "tho maintainors of peace."
Led by tho spirit of God they aro not
pnly called the sons of God, but are
the sons of God (Rom. 8:14). "Tho
cause, not tho pain, makes the
martyr," said St. Augustine. Thoso
who are presented for righteousness'
sake, not those who seek persecution,
are possessors of this kingdom; pos
sessing it thty are persecuted.
Being is doing doing does not pro
duce life, and we have here a linking
of the old law and the new gospel. His
kingdom brings blessedness, happi
ness; satan'a kingdom turns to tho ap
ples of Sodom. God says, speak out,
enduro for others. His kingdom Is dis
tinguished by altruism. Tho kingdom
of darkness says: "Keep still, llvo for
yourself." ThU klsgdom knows not
the essence of brotherhood.
Man ever oaks this old question:
"How may I be happy?" Thoso whom
Jesus selects as tho happy ones aro
looked upon by tho world as tho most
unfortunate, but time has proven and
eternity will justify these declarations
of Christ. The good of thlB age be
longs to the selfish and self-assertive,
the good of the coming ago to the self
renouncing. It 1b better to have sor
rowed and to havo received his com
fort than mover to have sorrowed at
all. The message of the meok will get
a hearing as against the censorious,
and the supremely happy aro those
who shall see God.
Hunger for tho highest and the
noblest can find a supply for all Its
needs in Jesus the Son of God and
only according to the principles he
here sets forth,
Jesus saw tho multitude when he
gave us this sermon, which Is not a
sermon at all. He understood their
need, the state of their hearts and
what was in their minds. He did not
see them as so many pawns upon tho
chess board of life; he saw their life,
their sorrows, their sins. Ho read the
story of human need and human des
tiny. Why rejoice over our reproach? Be
cause this Is tho path into this new
kingdom. And when wo walk "for
Christ's sake" we shall enter therein
and rejoice greatly for we shall havt
"great reward in heaven."
CITY WAS BUILT ON A SWAMP.
8t. Petersburg of Russia, Most BeautU,
tlful Metropolis of Nation, Founded
by Peter the Great.
St. Petersburg, Russia. St. Paters
burg, tho beautiful nnd majestic me
tropolis of Russia, founded by Peter'
tho Great, Is constructed on n vcrlta-i
blo swamp. It Is said that moisture)'
underlying tho city can bu seen some-i
times oozing up between tho paving
blocks on tho Nevsky Prospect, n buBy
thoroughfare. Tho city Is not only
built over wntor, which often throat-
ens to Inundate It, but It Is visited by
rain nnd snow nt least two hundred
days of tho year. Tho city Is prac
tically surrounded by water, fori
swamps abound on two sides, tho sea
and tho river on tho other.
At the beginning of tho building of
St. Petersburg Peter tho Groat Bet
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thousands to work, "under compulsion
of tho knout," to build dlkeB nnd re
claim tho land. Everyone, noblcB and
peasants alike, hated tho placo, all
save Peter tho Great, who called the
jClty his "Paradlso" nnd forbado tho
use of stone In building elsewhere in
Russia, ordorlng all tho stono acces
sible to bo brought to St. Petersburg.
Any peasant who wished to enter the
city could do so by fetching a cart
load of stone. This wnu hU passport.
Indeed, peoplo did not havo to beg to
enter St. Petersburg. Thoy were
forced by tho cznr'8 command to
abandon other places nnd come to
dwell in his "pot" city. Tho conse
quenco was a crowded quarter whero
tho poor herded together llko so many
rats, living In squalor and misery.
Even to this dny, tho Russian metrop
olis Is tho moBt unhealthy capital of
Europe.
Rut, in nplto or all tho drawbacks,
St. Petersburg is a beautiful and ma
jestic city. The Winter PaSaco la
splendid, as nro also entire streets of,
beautiful buildings. It might be called'
n city of space, for tho streetB aro
very wide, and nowhere savo in the
Blums does ono find crowding. Ev
erything seems on a gigantic scale
cathedrals, public and educational
buildings, art galleries, etc. Beauti
ful statuary Is seen In tho publia
squares, the statue of Peter the Great
being a magnificent monument to the
glory of tho ruler who built tho city
in tho faco of nature's and man's op
position. Nevsky Prospect Is the fashionable
street of St. Petersburg. It Is only
throe miles in length, but It is aa cele
brated a highway as Regent street,
London, or Fifth avenue, New York.
WASHINGTON SOCIETY PET
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Horaoo Emanual Havenltb, the little
son of tho new minister from Belgium
and Mme. Havenltb, was born In far
away PefBla three years ago. Horace
has crossed tho ocean' and may claim
three countries Persia, the land of
bis birth; Belgium, bis father's coun
try, and America for bis mother,
Mme. Havenltb, waa Mlsa Helen
Ffoulko of Washington.
Forbids Saloon Near Veterans' Horn.
Springfield, 111. In denying m
rehearing In the case of the people
against Kaelber, tho supreme court
upheld a decision that saloons shall
not be located within two-thirds of a
xnlle of the Qulncy home for veteran,
Left $2,000 for Parrot
Rochester, N. Y. Clare Ide, a
wealthy spinster who died recently,
Ileft an income of $2,600 a year to care
I for her pet parrot, "Captain Flint."
Priest la Elected Mayor.
Detroit, Mich. Rev. E. W. Dunnl-
fgan, a Catholic priest, waa elected
mayor of Lapeer, near here, by a ma
jority of 100.
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