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Forest
opkinc?
Pleuvs
CPTW. K.WILDES . MI
NY disposition on tbo
part of the owners
either of forested tracts
or areas sultablo for
reforestation must, in
the largo majority or
Instances, bo prompted
by tho expectation of
financial gain. A fow
cases whero this docs
not hold, embrace land
owned by tho state,
water companies In a
few Instances, clubs
and a small number of
Individuals. To this latter group of
owners, tho Income from their hold
ings la not as importunt as tho pur
poso to which a woll-forested nnd
proporly managed nrcn will bo put,
whothor It be for' Its utility or aesthet
ic valuo. Tho largo majority Includes
lumbermen, und owners of smaller
reaa, who have made their invest
ment upon a strictly business basis,
and who expect a suitable return
from tho Famo. If tho forester can
how tho possibility of such a return,
and at the samo time provide for the
preservation and improvement of tho
stand, ho then advances the (Practical
aide of tho practice of his art
He may bo dealing etthor with a
largo area, involving many conditions
ju to topography, character of timber,
fata of growth, etc., necessitating dif
ferent methods of cutting to obtain
idesirablo reproduction, a future sup
kly of stock, protection from windfall
and fire, or, ho may havo simply a
wood lot problem to solve
(case, it Is tho results that owners ore
r
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E&SrW? JJUfD PLANTED ffl
white
In either l;HfrfJk,S?f?sa!;yIwwala
IMAiWimSlMSiS
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s --.,,v:ji,i,imrim . f -rail.
I I "
SB . ! IB .u. . i..TaHB msrmu.fi !!., . " Jl'- '
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jrrjv? jexzmrxB
area of each, with tho exception of
meadow land, in order that tho total
could be divided Into ten equal parts
for nnnunl treatment. Upon each
wooded Foctlon tho total stand of
material was estlnmtod, both In bonrd
feet and cords, tho system of manage
ment and tbo char
acter of thinning
nrccHBJiry wns pro
scribed, and tho
mntcrlnl to como
out tho llrst year
marked. Whoro a
reproduction cut
ting wns recom
mended, provisions
for keeping out
grazing wore
made.
Upon each sec
tion of pasture
land tho necessary
planting and spe
cies woro deter
mined, together
with tho fencing
required to pro
vent grazing and
killing young
planted material.
In tbo orflce, a
map was prepared
showing each class
of land together
TIOIT. SIGHT X&1PJ OLD
.looking for, and not an opportunity to Invest
their time and money for tho advancement of for
estry for its own sake. It Is here that the forester
has an opportunity to show that his work and its
results are eminently practical, that a desirable
return Is possible; both Immediate from the sale
ct the product, and remote from tho Increased nnd
accumulating growth, as well as tho Improvement
of the quality of the timber, together with the
(rowing and tho reproductive capacity of the soil.
In a planting proposition, the return Is neces
sarily rcmoto. If, however, It can be shown that
an area, now producing 1 per cent, for example,
Is capable of returning 3 per cent, per annum,
compound interest, at tho final harvest In 40
'years, after deducting with Interest, the Initial
coat of stock and planting, together with taxes
nd fire protection for the full period, Is It not
cood business policy for many owners, whether
Individual or company, to make such an invest
ment? It will be argued that only owners that
are able to hold an area, permanently will care to
wait 40 years for a return, and that very few in
dividuals would consent to an Investment In which
i the returns are deferred for so long a time. This
la true In almost all oases. There are, however,
conditions which make such an Investment de
sirable. It Is not at all uncommon for plantations
to be made, protected, and allowed to mature, In
order that the returns may be enjoyed by the
next generation of a family, or have them take
the place of a life Insurance policy.
In practicing forestry. It must be realized at the
outset that an Investment either of money or
marketable material left standing Is necessary.
The former Includes the extra cost of marking the
timber to be removed,! care In protection of the
young growth, Are protection, Including piling
coniferous tops and patrol, and a slight Increase
In the cost of logging per thousand feet, as the
larger the amount of timber removed from a given
area the less Is the coBt per unit. Unless a clear
cutting system Is employed, some marketable
material must be left on the area cut over both
for seeding and In some cases for protecting the
seed trees from windfall. This comes under the
latter form of Investment namely, merchantable
material! In return for this Investment of mer
chantable material, the condition of the forest Is
Improved. Ipstead of removing-all of the valu
able species and leaving the' area to reproduce
the 'undesirable and less valuable, the reproduc
tion of desirable species is provided for, and the
future value of the area Increased.
For the successful operation of a working plan
and the possibility of carrying It out for the full
period specified, It Is necessary for the forester .
am owner to meet on common ground. First of
all, the forester must get the point of view of
the owner, and arrive at a full understanding of
his wishes and plans. This means that be cannot
always provide for or obtain the results that, may
be most desirable from a scientific point of view.
Many thoroughly desirable sllvlcultural operations
must be Ignored, for example, an Improvement
thinning may be scientifically necessary, but if
there Is no market for tbe material, and the own
er does net wish to bear the expense, the opera
tion must be delayed until the material coaches a
marketable size. The first thing, then, Is for the
forester to meet the owner's wishes, making such
bb are necessary,
and not making the
plan as he, himself,
would prefer.
He then should
make a thorough
study of the mar
kets of the region
and plan his cut
tings accordingly.
Different localities
vary in their ability
' to absorb a wide
range and class of
material. Cord wood
may have no value,
or It may be worth
25 cents or 1 a
cord on the stump,
and so on up
through the higher
class of forest prod
ucts. Failure to un
derstand these conditions thoroughly, and the de
mands of a region, may mean the financial fall
ure of a plan. Oftentimes thoso local conditions
'preclude the possibility of certain provisions high
ly desirable from a technical standpoint, but
which for practical reasons are Impossible. In
other words, the practical must be given full con
sideration along with the technical. ,
With complete co-operation between forester
and owner, and a disposition on the part of both
to make the necessary sacrifices, together with
an understanding on the part of tbo former of
tho really practical side of the problem, there
should bo less and less cause for the abandon
ment of the provisions of working plans made
for definite periods.
The first working plan in Vermont under tbe
state forest service, was made by the writer while
engaged as assistant to the Btato forester. The
area treated Is ownd by Dr. William Stanford
Stevens of Albans, Vermont, and Is located at
Enosburg, In the same state. An outline of the
work and Its provisions follow.
The area Involved embraces 900 acres, divided
as follows:
Woodland, 360 acres; pasture land, 344 acres;
meadow, 190 acres.
The conditions that led the owner to consider
the possibilities of forestry were these: Tbe area
had been maintained under a more or less diver
sified system of farm management, and as tbe own
er did not live on or near the property, he wished
to be relieved of tbe care and attention that such
an arrangement Involved.
To accomplish this purpose It seemed best to
bring the three classes of land under a deflntte
and permanent system of management through
tho provisions and maintenance of a forest work
ing plan.
The provisions follow:
1. To complete tbe treatment of tbe wbole tract
at tbe end of ten years.
2. AH woodland to be treated is divided Into
ten equal areas, one to be thinned In the fall and
winter of encb year.
3. All pasture land is divided into ten equal
areas, one to be planted In tbe spring of each year.
4. All meadow land will be maintained as such.
6. For each wooded area, the kind or thinning
to employ Is stated; also a rough estimate, to
gether with net value, of the amount to come out
6. For each area to be planted, tbe species are
selected and the number necessary given, together
with tbe total cost of the work.
Tbe woodland Is mixed, hardwoods consisting of
sugar maple, yellow blrcb, beech, and a small
percentage of ash, basswood, poplar, Ironwood,
cherry and elm, with young hemlock and spruce
reproduction well established on a few sections.
Sugar maple reproduction is especially good, and
with ash and basswood Is particularly desirable.
In treating this area either reproduction or Im
provement thinnings were prescribed, removing
all undesirable and over-mature species and such
mature species as seemed best for the require
ments of tbe area. Thus only desirable species
were left to reproduce as well as to become more
valuable through Increased growth.
In carrying out tbe field work for this plan, tbe
area was first surveyed both by boundaries and
types, of land. It was necessary to ascertain the
irATVRJLL gPJ?QPPCfTQ7r
sclentlflo sacrifices
with the specified area to bo thinned or planted
each year. For example, 1910-1911-1912, etc., de
note the year iu which the area Is to bo cut, whlcD
I, lb, lc; II, III, etc., denote the area and order ol
planting; I to be planted In 1910, II In 1911, etc.
In the written plan a complete statement of the
treatment of each section, both cutting and plant
ing, Is given for each year. For example:
1910.
Woodland. 22 acres will be thinned, la being
clear cut for planting.
Planting, 82.41 A will be planted with white pine,
namely lb, c. d and e. la Is not to be treated; Id
has been staked out The other acres have definite
boundaries. On this area there Is sufficient cord
wood available to make Its removal profitable.
1911.
Woodland. 20 acres will be thinned. Of this area
7.8 acres In the lot by the sugar-house have been
marked for a reproduction cutting. Tract Vb will
be clear cut for planting.
Planting. Tract II. 37.36 A will be planted with
whlto pine. All apple troos, brakes and hard back
are to be removed.
OUTLINE FOR CUTTING. '
Sale Price Sale Price
Board. 3.60 $ .30
Tears. Feet perM. Cords. pcrM. Total.
1910.... 30,000 $106.00 130 139.00 $144.00
1911.... 22,000 77.00 240 72.00 149.00
OUTLINE FOR PLANTING.
Dlock. Area, Acros. SpccleB
Year.
1910. ,
.1 b
1 o
1 d
1 e
.11
10.66
2.38
17.24
2.24
32.42
37.36
White pine
White pine
White pine
White pine
White pine
Number.
12,000
2,400
17.240
2,688
34,328
37,260
1911.
(The acreage of woodland to be treated Is cut
down from tbe total 360 by the tact that about 160
acres was being cut over under a contract made
previous to the adoption of this plan. It accounts
for only 22 and 20 acres coming under management
for the years given above, which Is, of course, not
one-tenth of the total area of woodland.)
It Is estimated that the total receipts from tbe
cutting, Including the tract being cut under contract
above mentioned, will pay the complete cost of
planting and seedlings.
The plan Just outlined means that at tbe end of
the ten-year period the owner will have his wood
land under a good system of forest management,
and greatly Improved over Its present condition,
together with 344 acres planted to Norway spruce
and white pine, the cost of which being met as be
fore stated by the returns from tbe area Itself.
The returns from thinnings which will be made on
each section In the period from 1936 to 1946, mak
ing each section thinned 26 years old, will give a
considerable return. At this time about 400 trees
per acre will be- removed. From 1950 to 1960 the
area will bo clear cut by sections and replanted.
The total yield from this cutting should be at least
30,000 board feet per acre. The plan also pro
vides for proper fire protection, which 1b absolutely
necessary for the successful maturing of a planta
tion. It also states the conditions which any con
tractor must meet who makes tho cuttings during
the next ten years. These conditions follow;
1. All trees to come out are blazed and stamped
with the letter "V,"
2. The contractor must take all marked and leave
all, unmarked trees.
3. Care In felling must be taken In order that
young growth and reproduction will not be Injured.
4. All sound log 6 Inches at tbe small end and
over are to go Into lumber.
6. 8ound down timber and tops of felled trees are
to be cut Into cord wood.
6. Care must be taken In skidding logs not to In
jure standing trees and reproduction.
7. Tbe contractor will be liable to a penalty of
twice tbe value of any tree that Is cut not bearing
the official stamp,
8. All work Is subject to Inspection.
The state forester also agrees to mark the trees
to cut each year.
While the owner himself will not enjoy this re
turn, tbe plan offers an example of the Instance
cited previously by which an Individual Is willing to
make a long-time investment In order to make It
possible for tbe next generation la his family to
enjoy the results,
The Return
From
Capti
tivity
Sunday Schaol Leitoa for Oct. 15, 1911
Specially Arranged tor Ttili Paper
LESSON TEXT-TJarn 1:1-11; 2:C-70.
MEMORY VICIt8KS-l:3, 4.
aOI.DKN TEXT-"! to rctnlnrlh not lilt
ntiKcr forpvrr, lirenuso lie ilollshtcth In
mercy." Mlo. 7:1S.
TIME Cyrus tnltes Ilnbylon C39.8. ItlJ
decree of return D3S.7. First return, undc
Kcrubtmbcl, 637.(5.
PLACE Unbylon and vlnclnlty. Jeru
nlein, And the. long; Journey between.
ItULEIlH-Cyrtis wns klnir of Uabylnn,
nml a Inrirn pnrt of tho E.iiit. Zerubbnbol
called ulno Hliealibaatznr (Ezra 1:S: 2:2)
from LSnbylon became, tho ruler of Jeru
M.ilcm.
MONUMENTH-On stone tablets nnd
cylinders, uro written iccords of tlieue
ilnvs.
The Cyrns Cylinder, found nt llabylon
In 1ST?, now In IlrltlHli Museum.
The Nnbonldus cylinders, In llrllloh Mu
seum. AnnnlHtlc tablet of Cynu. ft proclama
tion by blm, written shortly after his
conquest of Babylon.
There wero thrco eras of captivity
for tho children of Israel as there
v.cro several eras of return. Tho first
captivity was by Ncbuchndnozwir,
when Dnnlcl nnd his friends were car
rind cnptlvc. Seventy years from this
btlngs us to 11. C. C3C, tho tlmo of
tho completion of tho return doncrlbcd
In this lesson.
Nebuchadnezzar njialn captured tho
city, sent a Brent amount or treasures
from tho palnco and tho tcmplo to
llabylon, with 10,000 of tho tnoro Im
portant of tho people. Among theso
wero tho prophet Ezeklel nnd tho
Brcnt-nrnndfnthcr of Mordccnl, Queen!
Esther's cousin. Tho third captivity
was also by Nebuchadnezzar, who,
after a slcgo of a year and n hnlf, In
July, C8G, completely destroyed tho
city nml tho temple. Seventy years
from this tlmo brings us to tho com
pletion of tho temple, D. C. 015.
Tho discipline of tho cxllo has ac
complished Its purposo so for that it
Is wIbo and safo to permit a largo
number to return and renew tho an
cient nation. It would bo tiscless to
bring bnck to Judcn pcoplo who would
commit the samo slna which made tho
oxllo ncccsary and who bad not
learned to somo extent the lessons
which their hard discipline was sent
to teach.
Tho power of Idolatry was forever
broken. They never again yielded to
its fascinations. They wero taught to
set a new valuo on tho filling of all
tho forms of worship with the spirit
of religion. God had allowed even the
city which was tho type of heaven and
the most glorious temple dedicated to
his worship to bo destroyed when
these becamo a substitute for true re
ligion Instead of an aid to It. They
wero also taught by their absence the
valuo and necessity of religious Insti
tutions, of tho means of worship, of
tho Sabbath day.
, It led to renewed study of the sa
cred Scriptures. The exile was the
period In which the guardianship,
transcription and study of the written
Scriptures became tho special care
of a distinct class, afterwards famous
as tho great order of the scribes. It
led. also, to the establishment of the
synagogue for social worship and read
ing of the Scriptures, with Its accom
panying schools.
The captivity served as a mission
ary schemo to spread the knowledge
of God over tho world. It was an aid
i in preparing the world for tho com
ing of tho Lord Jesus Christ and for
the spread of tho gospel by the apos
tles. Thus thero was tho promised
land, the homeland tho center of re
ligious life, and tho dispersion as an
agency in every country of the known
world. t
The Journey home and the whole
movement may bo made most real to
all, and especially to children, by
tracing the Journey on the map. Note
the great rivers to be crossed without
bridges, the desert lands, the savage
tribes, the countries of their old ene
mies, tbe rugged mountains to be
traversed, hunger, thirst and pain, the
long weary months of travel on foot,
and the desolate city and devastated
homes at the end of their Journey. '
If we may trust later traditions, the
setting out of tbe "captivity" for Pal
estine was Joyous In the extreme. An
escort of 1,000 cavalry accompanied
them, for protection against the des
ert Arabs, then as now given to plun
der, and they started to the muslo of
tabrets and flutes. Forth from the
gates of Babylon they rode, to the
sound of Joypus music a band of
horsemen playing on flutes and tab
rets, accompanied by their own 200
minstrel slaves and 128 singers of the
temple, responding to the prophet's
Voice, as they quitted the shade of tbo
gigantic walls and found themsolves
In the open desert beyond. "Go ye out
of Dabylon. Flee from the Chaldeans,
with a voice of singing declare ye,
tell this, utter it even to the end of
tbe earth; Bay ye, The Eternal hath
redeemed his servant Jacob." It, was
like the procession of the vestal vir
gins, with the sacred fire in their
hands, in their retreat from Rome;
like Aeneas with bis household gods
from Troy.
For all who have gone into the cap
tivity of sin there Is a call to repent
and return to the Father's house.
The sins that led to the exile were
not a fall upward. The fall into sin
Is never a fall upward. Tbe man who
throws away the "gold, silver and pre
vious stones of life" for tbe "wood,
hay and stubble," may be saved, but
fee as by Are," a fire that burns up
,the little gains of sin; There Is great
W in returning from captivity of sin,
not only tbe joy of the returning wan
derer, but the Joy of the angels who
know how great beyond conception la
tae blsMlag of the return.
PUTTING IT UP TO CENTRAL
All Caller Wanted Was Mrs. Smith'
Number, and Surely That Wae
Easy to Get.
"Halloa, there, central) la thin cen
trnl? It Is7 I thouKht It was, but 1
couldn't quite bo sure Tho other day
I supposed I was talking to central,
and hero It was only my grocer. I do
think tl.oro nro soma iuccr mlxups
In this tolophono service. What I want
now Is to find out the telnphuno num
ber of Mrs. John Smith S-m-1-t-h,
Smith. I find that thero aro more
than 100 persons of that nnmo In tho
book, and I don't know which ono Is
tho husband of tho Imly I want. Sho
Is a lnrgo lady with a florid face and
prcmaluruly whlto hair, nnd I think
her husband Is n traveling man, nnd
n brotlicr-In-lnw of hers, named Jones,
lives soinewlicro on M street a stout
Ish, elderly gentleman with sldo whis
kers. Kindly let me havo Mts. Smith's
number nt cure. I lino It on n slip
of pnper that I can't find. Scorns to
mo It wns two-four-six on ring thrco,
or nonc-two sixty-four rl ' two. You
know how, coniusltir le uphano num
bers nro. Let mo h:v .Mts. Smith's
number right uwny, ploaso."
"ECZEMA ITCHED SO BADLY
I COULDN'T STAND IT."
"I Buffered with eczema on my neck
for about six months, beginning by lit
tle pimples breaking out. 1 kept
scratching till tho blood camo. It kept
getting worse, I couldn't sleep nights
any moro. It ltopt Itching for about a
month, thou I went to a doctor and
got somo liquid to take. It Bocmel
na If I wns going to get hotter. The
itching stopped for nbout thrco days,
but when it started again, was oven
worso than before. Tho eczema Itched
so badly I couldn't stand It any more.
"I went to a doctor nnd ho gave mo
lomo mcdlclno, but didn't do nny good,
Vo have been having Cutlcura Rem
idles in tho houso, so I decided to try
them. I had been using Cutlcura
Soap, so I got mo a box of Cutlcura
Ointment, nnd washed off the affected
part with Cutlcura Soap throe times a
day, and then put tho Cutlcura Oint
ment on. The first day I put It on, It
relieved me of Itching so I could sleep
all that night. It took about a week,
then I could see tho scab como off. I
kept the treatment up for three weeks
and my eczema was cured.
"My brother got his face burned
with gun-powder, and he used Cutlcura
Soap and Ointment. Tbe people all
thought he would have scars, but you
can't see that ho ever hadthls face
burned. It was simply awful to look
at before tbe Cutlcura Remedies
(Soap and Ointment) cured it.
(Signed) Miss Elizabeth Gehrkl, For
rest City, Ark., Oct. 16, 1910. Although
Cutlcura Soap and Ointment are sold
by druggists and dealers everywhere,
a sample of each, with 32-page book,
will be mailed free on application to
"Cutlcura," Dept. 17 L, Boston.
Determined.
Glllet What did you pay that
world famous specialist $60 for If you
felt perfectly well?
Perry I wanted to know how ha
pronounced appendicitis.
As long as there are people In tbe
world who try to get something for
nothing, a lot of other people will bo
able to live without work.
CAREY ACT Kr&k3
aonuillnttkllrarnii. Ampin wurnipnir n
Wad. 1UAUU lURJOATlON CO., IUcall
ron
BVE
ACHCS
ram
Nebraska Directory
Krister's I
Ul offer u4 bookltt. UK O ST,
wnirai
our
OOUI,l
nnmir uidit perfectly cure&
unimvnHD.iiii 3 to 5 days
Ltt, Safest and Surest methods. Nereel
falla. Tobacco ana Drug Habits aiao vccest
fully treated by the latent and shortest meih-l
ods. No physical or mental sulTcrlnr. Call'
or send for llteratore and endorsement
INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE COMPANY
SO) So. 11th Street Uneeln, Ntsmae
L .
list Firs PratitilM m thf Ftm
Ml
iTsr
ism
" w - ir- . -T .1..- -:. Tijz -?T-
res aisnea smell, in saaiuonn no suuns.
int fneie. ernporstn or deaompose. Bead on
illarforatsmpln sit nmlthar prepsld, todar. It
not ss represented will reruna money.
GettbeummiminsinTUMiHut. tbss
MrftorloasandunlTensletUnsuUber. Wlllo
some tbe most Intents .ere. Remember all Ii
.IP
U a thousand times more effectl than water.
lion
doll
n nt.
tint nUhers dittrlbated about bouse andsra will
protect TuorpronertT thoroughly, LlVnJ AOMMT8
WANTKU RVKnrWIIKlllsr Address LlitDU COS.
tauToas trri.v co., nm sUmi iuu, limit, its.
HEART DISEASES
1 (unit my practice to Hesrt sad Grculstory
ailments. Thirty yesri eiperience ought l
men much to such putienti. Experimenting
and neglect b costly and bad. Wrua
J. S. LEONHAIDT, H. D Hesrt Siexlstl
1724 N Street Llnceta. Mikrstka
Lincoln Sanitarium
aSf
ulpho Saline Springs
legates' an eur own premliet used la the
Natural Mineral Water
Baths
UMurpatted Is the treatment !
Rheumatism
Hart. Slomich, Kidney and Lrrer DlesiMt
IIID:aTt CHARBES, AbOREtt
an. tSMivSi.W VagTT. Mar.
I40S M etreat UlneTnf Neb
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