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fONG familiarity luduees
thu avcrngo fanner to bo
stow nary n second
thought upon many a fnc-
tor in farm life that ho
9L would discover, when he
was suddenly deprived of
It, plays a most Important
part in tho routlno of
rural existence Among
these things nnimato and
inanimate of whose Influ
ence Wo aro so illmlv
conscious a prominent place should
be accorded to "tho farm dog," or
probably It would bo better to say tho
farm dogs, for It is rather unusual for
a farmer to havo only one canine
helper and ho may possess half a
dozen, without giving any more
thought to the subject than the aver
age city man would havo to bestow
upon one small four-footed servitor.
For all that the busy and preoccu
plod farmer accepts tho presenco of
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bis favorite dog so much as a matter
of course It is noticeablo that the
favored animal seems to have some
mission as "man's best friend" that
requires his presenco on all occasions.
Certainly a trip to town would bo In
complete without Rover romping
along, barking teasingly and snapping
playfully at tho patient Dobbin or
leaning out of tho tonneau to bay at
passing vehicles If his master has arrived at the
luxury of an automobile. And in nine cases out
of ten the farmer and his family could not drop
contentedly off to slumber at night without the
assurance that one or more dogs are on watch to
give quick warning of anything out of the or
dlnary. N
The dog on the farm helps in a variety of ways,
but It is a question after all whether his great-
est value does not lie in the companionship be
affords. The farmer and the farmer's wife, par
ticularly it they live In an isolated locality, would
bo mighty lonely at times save for the faithful
dog and a lone child on a farm, with no play
mates within several miles, might be hard put
to It for amusement were It not for the self-same
animal proverbially' patient under childish ty
ranny and ever ready to join in any diverting
project. And, since most people consider big
dogs the best companions, the farmer is fortu
nate in his ability to choose with reference to
auch preference. The city man living in a house
In a row or, worse yet, cooped up in a flat, finds
the term "house dog" synomous with small size,
but In the country, where the average homo has a
large lawn and the dwelling has wide porches,
there need be no line of discrimination drawn be
tween the house dog and the "out doors dog."
Closely linked to the sentimental value of the
farm dog as a companion is the worth of the serv
ice he renders as a guardian of life and property
on tho farm. It is not merely, for Instance, that
such a dog can servo as companion for the farm-
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keep. Volumes havo been written regarding the
remarkable Intelligence and judgment displayed
by tho shepherd dogs of this and other countries
in minding Hocks of sheep and thousands of dogs
are today doing men's work in this field. Similar
ly efficient service is performed very frequently
by dogs in assisting to drivo cattlo to market or
to the railroad yards and even in the more deli
cate work of "rounding up" poultry. Finally there
are a hundred minor services as, for example, that
performed by the numerous farm dogs that have
been taught by their masters to meet the rural
free delivery carrier each day and to bring to the
farm house the mall and the dally paper. This
is a big time-savor for tho farmer when, as is so
often the case, the R. F. D. box Is located a con
siderable distance from the dwelling.
Some persons have even predicted thnt the
time will come In America when some of our
farmers will employ dogs as they dk in Holland
and other foreign countries to draw the carts of
milk to the creameries and do other work that we
now entrust to horses, but this prediction is not
generally acceptod because of the great distances
involved In this country. However, there Is no
reason why tho usefulness of Intelligent canines
should not be still further developed and certain
ly as the "automobllo habit" spreads in tho rural
communities the farmers are going to find dogs In
dispensable in one more direction, for it has been
proven that there Is no deterrent like a dog that
looks as though he meant business for warning oft
the Joy riders who are wont to appropriate auto
mobiles that they find standing unguarded in the
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a dog on thu farm has a bearing on
tho ease As a sheep dog or Indeed
for any duty In connection with
"minding tho stock" thoro Is no dog
to comparo with tho faithful colllo.
And the colllo la a mighty lino all
around dog, too. Proverbially good
tempered and gcntlo and possessing
the highest order of Intelligence, he
JttBtlllos by tho possession of good
qualities his handsome appearance.
Ami Unnllv. lio It mild in his favor
that if a farmer desires to establish
a canlno colony for profit thcro is no
class of dogs that will sell more
readily or bring bettor prices than
tho collies.
Tho old-fashioned Newfoundland
dogs that wore onco the favorite
playfollows of tho tots on tho farms
seoma to havo disappeared for the
i most part. In their place, wo now
havo tho Great Danes nnd the rough
and smooth-coated St. Bernards. The
latter, slow and ponderous in move
ment, will put up with any amount
of pulling and pummellng by child
ish hands nnd they are usually a very
saleablo dog If pure-blooded. Houndi
of one kind or another are to be
found on many American farms ana
so Ukowlse are hunting dogs, such as
R5f lS-4 pointers, particularly In districts
?TH J where tho farmers have tho time and
VT "X the Inclination to go out after small
K' game in season. On most farms tho
dogs make tholr headquarters In the barn or sta
ble or In some one of tho outbuildings, but an In
creasing number of country gentlemen havo tak
en to providing dog houses of greater or less pre
tentions and on the estates of some wealthy Amer
icans, such as J. Plorpont Morgan, there are ken
nela that cost a good deal more than the barn ot
tho average prosperous farmer.
The bulldog is famous as a watch dog on the
farm and there aro many farms all up and down
the land where one of these pugnacious beasts Is
considered Indispensable. However, tho seem
ing inability of many a bulldog to distinguish be
tween friend and foe has put the clan In bad favor
on many a farm whero there aro numerous unex
pected callers or where summer boarders from
the city aro included lntho household In vaca
tion season. The smaller dogs such as the Boston
and fox terriers, the black and tans, etc., are well
represented on the farms. Such dogs are more
dependable than some of tho heavier species for
duty as watch dogs Inside dwellings or farm build
ings and It the canlno family becomes too nu
merous it Is usually easy to tldn a market in the
city for the surplus, the city folks being partial
to theso small dogs. Ono thing that the farm
dogs have had to learn of lato years 1b a respect
for the automobiles that whiz past at scandalous
speed. Not a few valuablo dogs were killed on
the rural roads ere the meaning of tho new men
ace was learned.
BIRD8 FIGHT THEIR IMAGES.
er's wife when she Is left alone, but better yet. ,, , (, ,. ii
, i w- . . , ii.i ,ti., f,mstreeta or in a market space or at a picnic.
he Is able to offer very tangible protection from
annoyance by tramps or other unwclcomo vis
itors. Similarly the intelligent cnnlne can exer
cise an almost human watchfulness over tho chil
dren when they aro out ot sight and out of hear
ing of their elders, and In proof ot the dog's ca
pabilities in this role It is only necessary to point
to tho very frequont rescues from drownings In
which dogs play tho part of heroes.
At night when the farmer nnd bis family are
asloep this vigilance on tho part ot alert canines
rs an almost invaluable safeguard and under Ideal
conditions It affords the farmer as good or better
protection than can bo claimed for his city cousin
residing on a Street patrolled by policemen. It Is
because of the diverse responsibilities ot this
night sentry work that many a shrewd farnior
thinks It wise to keep not merely one good dog,
but three or four. With ono dog Inside the bouse
and another outside the building and with other
dogs insldo and outside the barn the farmer need
have little fear that be will lack for warnings
hould anything out of the ordinary transpire
These dogs can bo depended upon, moreover, not
only to give warning of the approach of trespass
ers, but they are equally serviceable as alarmists
should fire break out or should any ot the stock
get loose In the night or Invade the feed bins.
Such canlno sorvlces, tangible as Is their value,
aro by no means all the responsibilities that
grateful dogs assume In return for their modest
All the above has reference, of course, to the
value as helpers on the farm, but this by no means
exhausts the possibilities of tho subject. On an
increasing number ot farms it has been found
that dogs can bo made a source of actual revenue.
This Is accomplished by breeding blooded dogs
for tho market. It Is of necessity a "Bide lino"
to be sure, but it can be mado a most profitable
one, for fine dogs bring big prices and the farmer
has tho facilities for breeding dogs undor tho best
conditions without a fraction of tho Investment
that would be required of a man who established
a kennel on a tract of land used for no other pur
pose. Moreover tho farmer's wife and children
can do most ot tbo work of caring for tho dogs,
Just as they do in so many Instances In the caso
of the poultry, Thero Is not much danger that
It will prove Irksomo either, for there Is nothing
more amusing than the average puppy, and ho
does not as a rule require that extreme solicitous
care that must be bestowed upon somo other
classes of pot stock.
Tho species ot dogs which may most advan
tageously be selected as farm helpers Is, of courso,
a matter ot Individual opinion and there are al
most as many different opinions on the. subject as
with the regard to the age at which people should
marry. Naturally, personal preferences on the
part of tbo farmer and the members of his family
ofttlmes havo much to do with a choice and then
again the sort of assistance that Is desired from
NMW YORK. A Jury In tho supremo
court found that a imm who
tinners nround with a cut-glass bowl
on his bond for a helmet, oven
though ho Ih worth a million dollars
nnd mado It by tnctuia of hln own In
genuity, Is not In any mentnl condi
tion to niulto n will.
Tho recent lie testator waB Alexan
der Miller of Brooklyn, owner of tho
Vulcan Iron Works, and he mado a
will In which he cut off his widow,
Mrs. Mary 1011a Miller, with $12,600,
leaving tho great bulk of his estate
to his brother and sister. Mrs. Mil
ler, by her own testimony and
through tho testimony of other wit
tiesHCB, proved that her husband wan
eccentric beyond tho highest known
Brooklyn records for eccentricity.
Before his death two years ago Mr.
Miller manifested tits scorn for the
conventions by giving barefoot din-
But So Do Flan, for That Matter, According to
Darwin.
A correspondent for the Scotsman recently re
ported what ho described as tho "curlouB freak" of
a blackbird Hying against a parlor wiudow many
times at tbo same spot continuously. Such an in
cident is not uncommon. Birds havo been known
to tight for hours at a time, day after day, with
their own imago reflected In a pane of glass, peck
ing and fluttering against tho pano and quite ex
hausting themselves In their fury to demolish the
supposed rival. It is another Instance ot bow the
arts ot our civilization corrupt and confuso tho
birds.
It Is tho came with fishes. Darwin tells a
story of a plko in an aquarium separated by plato
glass from tlsb which wero Its propor food. In
trying to get at the fish tho pike would often dash
with such violence against tho glass as to be com
pletely stunned, it did this for more than three
months before It learned caution. Then when
the glasn was removed tbo plko would not attack
those particular fish, but would devour others
freshly Introduced.
Algy Wasn't Slow.
Pa Munn--I want Helen to marry a business
man. Sho's going to got all my money.
Algy That's grand I What business would yoa
likt to set mc up In ? Philadelphia Bulletin.
nor parties In tho hoiuu and presiding;
at tho festive board In his undcrj
shirt. If tho guests appeared to Mr.
Miller In any way borvd ho got upl
and performed for them. Ills favor-j
Ito ntuiit wiih to put tho rut glausj
salad bowl on his head and then
dniico a sprightly oamlmtid around
tho table.
Tho millionaire Iron manufacturer;
also possessed original Idtas on ccrv
lug oysters. Ho had a basket of
blvnlvPH taken Into tho library, whero
he opened them on a tnnhogany tablo.
As ho opened each oyster ho hurled
tho shells at tho portraits of his an
ceatoni which decorated tho wall.
Whenever ho scored n hit upon tho
countenance of nn ancestor In oil, Mr.
Miller would pnuso In IiIb bombard
ment to rarvo tho Initials of said
ancestor on tho mahogany table, call
ing upon his guests to follow his ex
ample. Ho decorated much of his
costly furniture In this manner.
Mrs. Miller declared that her lato
husband was very fond of playing
mumblyprg on tho mahogany chairs.
It also gave him unbounded amuse
ment to drlvo his wlfo out Into tho
street, then rush out aftor her and
beg her to como back.
Lure of the City Reaches Out to Farms
ST. LOUIS, MO. Sixty per cent of
tho young men who wear bluo uni
forms on tho trolley cars nro farmers'
sons. Most of them havo pulled and
tugged at plow lines over tho backs
of refractory mules long boforo they
over pulled a boll cord In this city.
Half tho clerks In the big railway
ofllccB In St. Louts nro boy from tho
smaller cities and tho llttlo railway
stations whero tho fast trains never
stop. Fifty out of every hundred of
tho young men who nro putting kinks
in their spines nnd ruining their eye
sight over long columns of freight
earnings nnd "ton miles," know when
to plant potatoes and how to plow
corn.
Every other waitress In tho quick
lunch places down town was once a
country lnsslo. That Is, thoy wore
born nnd raised up In one of thoso llt
tlo towns that dot and spccklo tho
stnto maps. Thirty out of 40 of tho
men who run trains, hammer tel
egraph kejB and make out bills of
lading for tho railway systems wero
recruited from tho fnrms. Many of the
llttlo stenographers who scurry In
and out of tho office buildings at lunch
bour woro onco upon a tlmo llttlo pig
tailed lassies, who played nbout tho
big yards of somo little half forgotten
town with elm Blinded streets.
When a middle aged man or woman
goes Into tho city to make bis or
i1 kl li?ifefHE city S
her homo thero, It Is nine chancos to
ton that thoy have failed at every
thing they havo ever tried In the llt
tlo cities, nnd havo como to tho big
town to start a boarding or a room
ing house.
And nine out of every ten ot them
la certain that tho city, any city, Is
tho very wickedest of wicked places.
Back In tho country, whoro thoy como
from, tho big town was held up to
them as a symbol of sin. Tho older
folks talked In low tones of its snares
nnd pitfalls, ot the sin and degrada
tion that wero everywhere In tho big
town. Why do thoy come? Many of
them fall to drag themselves back to
tako up llfo whero they left it out on
tho farms.
The great majority manage to live
on tho salaries they receive or the
wages they aro able to earn. A few of
them becomo wealthy and successful,
nnd aro nblo to go back und buy up a
whole township around the old home
stead, if they desire.
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Home-Made Bread Declared Murderous.
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HANDS evEAV.
TIME SOU EAT
HOMEMADE
BREAD I
KANSAS CITY, MO. The National
Association ot Master Bakers de
voted a part of their annual convention
to tho housewlfo who bakeB her own
bread. She was pictured In every po
sition. Tho bakors showed their sor
row for her by applauding every refer
ence to the hot kitchen In which she
has to work to turn out the homemade
product for her family. They de
clared she should be rescued from her
slavery and the only way to effect a
rescue was through bakers' bread.
That the modern housewlfo produces
a soggy arttclo of bread and Is com
mitting murder In allowing It to bo
eaten, was tho statement mado by
Paul Scbulze of Chicago, president of
the association. "This country is full
of housewives who are proud of tholr
cooking and who think thoy aro doing
their duty by baking nt home," Mr.
Schulze said. "The long-suffering stom
achs of their families continue to pay
tho penalty of this mistaken sense of
duty.
"The American housewlfo the
American mother of today is an earn
est and sensible individual, but very set
In her ways.' She Is still Influenced
by the working methods adopted in her
girlhood.
"One thing which wo bakers in the
larger cities see most plainly today
Is the absolute necessity ot educating
tho housewife to quit baking at home.
Let us come forward. Let us show
these women that home baking Is
wrong. Let us show them tbo over
whelming benefits of buying bread
baked In a sanitary bakery."
Mr. Schulze told of a Chicago wom
an who had built up a business sell
ing '"health bread," a home product
She brought blm a loaf and wanted to
sell the formilla. "I cut Into the loaf,"
said Mr. Schulze, "and saw that the
center was unbaked dough. I have
been wondering since what effect that
womnn's 'health bread' has bad on the
death rate in Chicago. She was un
questionably committing murder."
Notorious Firebug Gang is Revealed
CHICAGO. Six men are in custody
hero and tho arrest of another
hns been ordered by tho police In
connection with tho operations of an
alleged arson ring which caused a
property loss of $1,000,000 during tho
last twelvo months. Threo other men,
Including a former policeman, are bo
Ing sought by the police in connec
tion with tho alleged conspiracy. Tho
arrests wero mado after David Kor
shak, tho alleged leader or tho fire
bug gang, had mado a statement im
plicating several business men in tbo
alleged arson conspiracy.
Korshak In a statement mndo to
tho poltco declared that 7D per cent,
of all Arcs In Chicago in tho last flvo
years wero of incendiary origin, nnd
wero either the work of the proprie
tors of the building or of professional
firebugs. He says thepo are more
than a hundred men in Chicago who
make a good living by setting flro to
bulldlngB, to onablo tho owners to
collect largo sums of Insurance; that
tho firebug Is usually paid n lump
Bum In udvanco, but that sometimes
ho works on commission, receiving a
peiccntago of tbo tnsuranco money.
Korshak said that In all his fires he
used jugs filled with gasoline, to
which he set Are, with the result that
flames rapidly spread to all parts ot
the structure. Ho fled from Chicago
after ho was charged with having set
fire to tho storo of Leopold Dreyfus
& Co., wholesale clothiers, June 3,
this year.
Both Leopold and Lazard Dreyfus,
members of the firm, were arrested
on suspicion Immediately after the
fire. Three days later Leopold Drey
fus made a statement implicating
Korshak and then committed sui
cide Lazard Dreyfus was charged
with conspiracy, and the case against
him Is pending. Threo barrels ot
gasoline are Bald to have been used
In firing tho plant of the Northwest
crn Cau company.
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