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GREAT BELLS OF THE WORLD
Tsar Kotqkel tha Largest, but ''Liberty
Bell" Is Dsarest to Hearts of
Americans.
Philadelphia. In the great drama
of history bells have played a very
prominent role. The belt most his
torical and most dear to all Americans
Is the "Liberty Bell" now in Philadel
phia. The other nations of the world
have bolls as famous and dear to them
In historic memory as our "Liberty
Bell."
in Belfast, Ireland, there Is a bell
reputed to be 1,352 years old. It Is
said that tho bell was bequeathed to
a church In that city by St. Patrick.
It Is carefully preserved and orna-
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HI3 summer of 1911 la likely to
bo long roinomborcd In many agri
cultural commuultlufl In tho United
States as a season of unusually
high tempornturcH and Beauty rain
fall. The dlBadvantagoH of such
weather conditions boro moat heav
ily, however, upon n largo propor
tion of tho people engaged In truck
gardening. More seasonable tem
peratures and tho life-giving rain
nppcared In tlnio to savo tho eta-
plo crops In most districts, but too
late, unfortunately, to mend matters completely
for tho truck gardeners. Some of tho truckers es
caped n curtailment of Income, but It was only
bcauso their holdings wero favorably situated or
bccauHo they had their private systems for Irri
gating. To tho man who, thanks to such facili
ties, waB nblo to raise half a crop or better the
high prices that ruled for such products offered
mil plo compensation for the smaller yield.
Unfnvorablo conditions such as havo recently
prevailed doubtless causo more consternation In
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the trucking Industry than In any other branch
of soil tilling. The fruit grower who has had
any experience comes to expect the Inevitable
"bad years" and to view them with some com
placency, and even the grain grower does not
look for the same ratio of profit from every
harvest. However, tho truckers, particularly
those operating small farms or "patches," are
wont to count upon each year's productive
ness at a maximum and are correspondingly
disappointed when dame nature doea not ar
range things to their liking.
One explanation, too, of the emphatic com
plaints that are heard with reference to truck
ing conditions in an unfavorable year la found
In the number of newcomers In the field men
and women who prior to their present venture
had never had experience in farming of any
kind. Tho tales told In recent years of the
profits and delights of trucking, tho ease with
which tho products can be disposed of, and the
comparatively small outlay required for a Ave
or ten-acre "intensive farm," have combined
to lure Into the field many peoplo who, woe
to them, had no fund of experience to draw
upon. Particularly has this .been the case
near our large cities where many small truck
farms -havo been started by city folk, either
as the "side line' of some city occupation or
with a view to obtaining an anchorage that
would later permit migration to the country.
As in poultry raising and other supposedly
;get rich quick" vocations there have been a
number of more or less bitter dlsilluslonmenta
of late years In th Hold of trucking, but, by
and large, tho Industry has developed tre
mendously. It has como to bo appreciated by
many of the -uninitiated that In truck garden
ing no more than In any other field can re
wards bo obtained without hard work and that
here, as elsewhere, somo experience is neces
sary and that a man must expect to pay for
such experience if ho has not ncquirod It at
tho expense of somebody elBo boforo ho Btruck
out for himself. Moreover, the up-to-dato
trucker has come to realize that he must de
vise means to circumvent nature when she
frownB Just as tho fruit growers have dis
covered expedients for dodging frosts nnd
other menaces.
One truth that is happily being brought
home to many people engaged In or contem
plating trucking Is that a llttlo capital is of
Immense advantage just as it is in every other
walk of life To bo sure, the trucker who
leases his holdings or buys "on tlmo" at favor
able termB can sot up In business for n sur
prisingly small cash capital and it is this pos
lbtllty which has attracted to the field bo
many men with very small bank accounts and
women suddenly thrown on their own re
sources. At the same time the new entrant
who starts with a "nest egg" has a tremend
ous advantage and, for ono thing, ho will not
be nearly so much at the mercy of the whims
of nature aa his fellow trucker who has none
of the modern alda now considered essential
to successful trucking.
Tha trucker with capital has, It goes with
out saying-, a foil complement of the tools and
equipment which, In trucking as In more ex
tensive forms of farming, save time and labor
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an especial consideration if a man Is at
tempting to operate a truck patch single
handed. More important yet, the trucker who
1b ablo to lay out some money on his prop
erty will have some sort of a dralnago and ir
rigating system which will carry oft surplus
water In the case of torrential showers and
will, on the other hand, enable htm to "water
his gardens" when a rain famine comes. He
will have more or less pretentious green
houses that will enable him to rolBe early
vegetables and to give his garden stuff an
early start under glass. And he may even
have facilities for raising some products in
shade or partial shade. And so there might
bo continued almost Indefinitely the enumera
tion of tho Innovations that have bettered
modern trucking conditions, all tho way up to
the facilities on those large truck forms
where we find miniature or narrow gauge
railways traversing the trucking area and af
fording the means of transferring the vege
tables, berries, etc., In ono handling from the
pickers to tho boata or railroad cars that are
to convoy them to market.
A notable characteristic of modern mothods
of trucking Is tho extent to which specialisa
tion Is being practiced. We still have, of
course, farms by tho thousand where every
thing from onions to pumpklnB aro raised, but
wo nlso find, to an increasing extent, progres
sive men who aro devoting their whole Invest
ment and energy to one product and endeavor
ing to securo that extra quality which special
isation produces nnd which always means
higher prices when tho ultimate consumers
leorn of its presence. This explains the "let
tuce farms" where nothing but lettuce Is cul
tivated and tho "celery farms" In Michigan
and elsewhere that concentrate on this caprl
clous product and the "watermelon patches"
of the south and so on through a long list.
As a sequel to this era of specialization has
come the practice of many truckers to dispose
of their products direct to the consumers. Of
course this means added profits, for not only
does It cut out the middleman's margin but in
many instances the trucker finds discriminat
ing city folks willing to pay him mora than
the prevailing retail prloe in order to obtain
products of exceptional quality and which they
can depend upon being fresh. Some truckers
have acquired a
circle of house
holders in the
nearest city to
each of which
they send a box
of the green
things by ex
press each day
or week, ac
cording to or
der. An even
simpler solution
for the trucker
is found In an
a r rangement
whereby he dis
poses of his en
tire output di
rect to some
large city hotel
And it may sur
prise soma
readers to learn
that many of
these fashionable hotels do not demand "cut
rates" because they buy In quantity. They
are so glad to be assured of dependable vege
tables of the highest grade that they pay as
much as the same stuff would bring at retail
In the samo city.
An Interesting "side lino" that has developed
In connection with twentieth century trucking
Is the canning and preserving Industry. We
see this tendency exemplified In two ways.
First, there Is a disposition on the part of
the big canning firms that "put up" tomatoes,
corn, etc., to raise their own vegetables and
In not n few Instances in late years the can
ning factories havo been moved "to the fields"
to bo near the source of supply. Secondly,
and moro significant, is the disposition of
truckers to put, up In glass or tins their sur
plus products and to market them direct. The
farmer's wife and daughters, from time out of
mind, have been stocking the home larder
for winter use in this manner, but latterly
they havo taken to pickling and preserving
for tho great outsldo public as well. In many
Instances where the responsibilities have be
come too much for the women folk on the
truck fnrm outside help Is called In school
girls eager to earn vacation money; summer
boarders who are willing thus to pay their
way; and factory folk from the neighboring
towns who are out of work temporarily, ow
ing to the summer "shut downs."
Time was when the average farmer's wife
was wont to declare that It did not pay to
can or preserve for the market, howover much
prldo sho might take In such work for the
household and however much gratification she
might feel when her Jams and stewed fruits
took the prizes at the courty fair. All this
stigma of unprofitableness has passed, how
ever. When the public will pay twenty to
thirty-five cents for a small glass of Jelly and
as high as one dollar for a quart Jar of pre
served fruit It Is no use to talk about It being
a thankless job even though It be a hot task
on a summer day. The truckers have discov
ered that the publlo will always pay good and
even fancy prices for these "by-products" If
they can have tha assurance that they are
getting pure products of superior quality put
up without the use of Injurious preservatives
in tha sanitary surroundings of a respectable
home. Furthermore,
the country folk who
go In for homo preserv
ing on a large or small
scalo will find that a
considerable portion of
tho buying public will
glvo up moro than a
proportionately In
creased prlco It the
products are put up In
gloss Jars, or bottles,
Instead of In tin cans.
Of the modern meth
ods of trucking which
are yet open to Im
provement mention
may be made of the
methods of storing for
the late winter trade,
vnr instance it seems
to be generally admit
ted that the methods now In vogue for keeping
celery are defective for commercial purposes.
Truckers are working to solve the problem, how
ever, and ultimately will succeed. So, likewise,
they aro striving for economies In other direc
tions. For example, means have lately been
discovered for utilizing the grenhouses or forc
ing houses for vegetable raising all through the
summer Instead of allowing them to stand Idle
throughout the Interval. Some crops are found
to do better under glass even In midsummer.
Finally It may be noted that even the potato
has taken standing as a truck crop In late years
and thousands of acres are annually planted In
early varieties of potatoes which are harvested
as soon as they attain suitable size and rushed
to market
GARDEN TROUBLES
This is the season when gardens grow. OenUe
reader, have you a garden? No? Oh, you llva
in a city flat where there wouldn't be room to
stand a garden up edgeways? Well, move out
of It right now and go where you can have a
garden. If you can't have one any other way,
make ono. Everybody makes garden in tha
spring. That is why there Is such a demand In
the spring for medicine that will correct bad
blood. Nobody ever planted bad blood In bis
garden, but before the novice Is done with It
he will discover, that bad blood Is about the most
successful crop he can raise. If nature attended
to her business Instead of hanging around wait
ing for the man to do most everything himself,
gardening would be moro attractive and popular.
Dut nature simply will not do a lick until a per
son gotB the ground ready and lays It off In plats
and drills and rows and beds and things and
buys tho seeds and plants them.
After all that has been accomplished at great
labor and expense nature takes hold and shoves
the sprouts up out of the soil; but no more, for
when tho plants have got a start once they will
grow themselves. Dut they won't take care of
themselves, and nature doesn't, so the man Is
compelled to look after them. He has to look
after them all the time, too, because If he Isn't
there to work JuBt as bard from then to the
finish, as be did from the beginning to then,
tho kind of a garden he will have will cause his
wife and children to giggle at him and prompt
his neighbors to glvo him the horso ha-ha. Be
sides, there are the weeds and the bugB and the
rain and the drought and the chickens and the
dogs and the cats and the pigs and the boll
wcovil and the pip and the scale and the codling
moth, and like as not somebody leaves the gate
open and tho cows get In and Well, by thun
der! It's no wonder all our troubles get their
start In a garden. William J. Lampton, In Judge.
DUST BY THE WAYSIDE.
The man that holds the dollar until the eagls
squeals Is never arrested for disturbing the
peace.
Many a man gets safe In office, then slams
the door and builds a fire under the voters
when they try to slide down the chimney.
After the office seeks the man It sometimes
wonders why it went so far for so little.
Wisdom doesn't remain long enough In one
place for people to get well acquainted with It
Atlanta Constitution.
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World's Largest BelL
mented with precious stones and fili
gree of gold and sliver.
The largest bell In the world Is
known as tho Tsar Kolokel. There Is
nn Interesting history surrounding It
When It had been cast, nttempt was
mado to hang It so that It might bo
rung, but, by an unhappy chance, It
broke from Its supports nnd fell to
tho ground, wherein It mado a great
hole ihto which it sank nnd lay for
many years. Finally, after mora than
a hundred yearn of oblivion, It was
raised and placed In a public square
in Moscow, where It now stands. This
bell weighs moro than 440,000 pounds,
and Is more than 19 feet In height
and GO feet In circumference.
Thero is a bell in northern China
which has been ringing without Inter
mission for 100 years. The natives
believe that at every stroke of the
bell a devil Is exorcised from their
midst A special tax has been levied
to support those who make a business
of ringing this bell. It is rung by a
system of relay teams that keep re
placing one another.
The history of bells Is very Interest
ing. They are usually connected with
Important periods in a nation's exist
ence. They have inspired much of the
world's best poetry. One of the most
harmonic lyrics, "The Bells," by Ed
gar Allen Poe, was Inspired by tha
ringing of church bells near his home.
Father Prout's beautiful lyric, "Tha
'Bells of Shandon," was Inspired by
the bells near Cork, Ireland. Bells
that ring at scheduled periods in cer
tain communities become, as it were,
a living part of the community.
TO MEMORY OF CLEVELAND
Native Town Is to Build $50,000
Memorial Despite Disparage
ment of Gossip.
Caldwell, N. J. The proposition ol
influential citizens to erect a memorial
to Orover Cleveland in Caldwell, nil
birthplace, by expending $5,000 of th
municipal fund, and $45,000 to be col
lected elsewhere, promises to be s
success, since Mrs. Cleveland has
come forward with the assurance thai
recent gossip to the effect that th
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Urover Cleveland's Birthplace.
Hate president despised his native cltj
Is absolutely untrue.
Mrs. Cleveland wrote to the frlendi
jot the memorial project assuring them
,that her husband always spoke kindly
,'of Caldwell, and her declaration ii
'supported by a letter Mr. Cleveland
wrote several years ago in which hs
'referred to tho town as a place dear
to him.
Governor Woodrow Wilson has gives
his Indorsement to the project
White Girl Marries Negro.
Chicago. Mrs. Mabel Arantz, 1$
years old, white, was forcibly sepa
rated from Robert Arantz, 19 years
jum, maiui w uuui buo was mar
Jrled, after they had doped from
lOmaha, Neb. Arantz Is under arrest
and tho girl, who clung to the colored
youth's arm when he wat, oelng led
to a cell, was sent to tha nnii ..
tlon annex.
Deer Feeds With Cows.
Plymouth, N H.-Wben Charles 8.
Mllllran a milk Hnnl.. l . ..'
cows he was surprised at seeing a
irounit deer feedinv with m. v..j
pastura bars. The deer followed
nara lo ma narn, remaining there
Tor two hours and eating hay.
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