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RESIDENT TAFT recently de
clared that this nation ought to
build two battleships of tho
"Dreadnaught" clast) every year
until tho Panama canal 1b com
plotod and open for trnfllc.
After that water way Is com
pleted and tho Atlantic and
Pacific coasts of the Unltod
States aro In effect brought
nearer togcthor In a naval
senso that Is, It Is nmdo pob
slblo for our warships to get
from, ono coast to tho other
moro quickly In tho event of
trouble It might, In tho presi
dent's Judgment, bo advisable
to Blow down In tho matter of
battleship building. Pcrhnps after tho canal dig
tors have cut tho continent In two It will sufllco
to build ono battleship a year, but for tho tlmo
being two a year and Droadnaughts at that
aro needed, In tho opinion of tho administration.
Now "Droadnaughts" aro a comparative novelty
In tho Unltod States navy and for all that thcro
bto Bovcral of theso vessels flying tho Stars and
btrlpes, and moro building, thcro Is a consider
able sharo of tho public that has nevor grasped
tho stgnlflcnnco of theso now-stylo sea wnrrldrs.
fro put tho matter In a nutaholl, It may bo ex
plained that a "dreadnaught" differs from tho
ordinary battleship principally by being larger
and heavier and carrying an Increased number
of guns of a big caliber. Tho term "Dreadnaught,"
it will bo understood, has como to stand for a
wholo class or family of battleships rather than
for any Individual vessel.
All the same, this now nlcknnmo for tho lat
est fashion In floating fortresBos did originate
with ono particular vcbboI tho first of her typo.
Tho pioneer "Dreadnaught" was a British prod-
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ttct and Bho blazed a now path In battleship do-1
sign. Prior to tho advent of this now-pnttcrn
peacemaker tho average battleship, whatever her
nationality, had been armed with 12-lnch or 13
Inch breech-loading rifles and with a variety of
loss powerful hitters, Including 8-Inch, G-lnch and
,8-lnch guns, and bo on down through tho wholo
cataloguo of naval weapons to tho ono-pounders.
,Tho British naval architects and shipbuilders
when they produced thq original "Dreadnaught,"
jpolnted tho way to a new policy. In arming tho
now Btylo vecsol they cut down tho number of
guns of lesser Importance particularly tho weap
ons of Intermediate slzo, such oa tho 8-Inch and
tho 5-lnch, and placed almost all tho responsi
bility for offenso and defenso on gunB of tho
largest slzo.
The wholo naval world was ImmonBoly Im
pressed with tho naval novolty which John Bull
Iproducod and all tho loading natlonB, Including
Itho United Statos, straightway sot about follow
ing his examplo by constructing Buch ships of
jthelr own. Thus It camo about that tho namo
"Droadnaught," which originally applied to only
jono ship, camo to stand for tho wholo family of
Sdl-blg-gun" ships, no matter under what flag
ruch a vossol might bo In service. Tho United
;Btatos now haB four battleships of tho "Dread
ti&ught" class in Borvlco; two moro will probably
,be ready to Join tho big floot within a year;
another pair aro undor construction, nnd yet oth
ers will bo contracted for this winter. It Is cost
flng a protty penny, too, to assomblo such an ar
ray of heavyweight fighters, for each of theso
largest-slzo tcsboIb costs coraploto upward of $12,
00,000. Llkowlso docs It mako a big tug at
iTJnclo Sam's purso-Btrlngs to Uoop theso hugo
armor-clads in actlvo Borvlco, for each of them
lequlrea tho Borvlccs of nearly ono thousand ofll
joerB and men half ob many again as woro re
quired for the largest of tho old-stylo battleships.
Tho first American "Droadnaughts," tho bat
tleships South Carolina and Michigan, aro yot bo
now that few of tho pooplo even in our largo sea
coast cities have had a poop at thorn. They ar
eUter Bhlps that Is, exact duplicates of ono an-
Sther and aro 450 foet In length and 80 foot
earn or width. Each of theso battleships carries
eight of the big 12-lnch guns arranged In palrB In
turrotB. This is Just doublo tho number of tho
!blg barkers to bo found on nuy of tho battleships
that woro tho accepted thing up to a fow yoars
warns
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ago. Neltlier battlo
Bhlp has any other
weap'bns except tho
threo-lnch and thrco
pounder guna that aro
provided to repel tor
pedo attacks.
It was only a fow
months ago that tho
second pair of "Dread
naughts," twins, mado
their nppcaranco in
navy. Thero aro tho
Dolawaro and North Dakota. Each vessol is B10
feet in length and 85 feet beam, and thoy go
their predecessors ono better In tho matter of
"shooting Irons," for each has flvo turrets In
stead of four nnd carrloB a total of ten Instead
of eight of tho 12-lnch guns. Moreover, tho Dola
waro and tho North Dakota havo each a powerful
aecondnry battery mado up of fourteen of tho cf
foctlvo 5-lnch guns. Next year will seo another
braco of "Drendnaughts," tho Utah and Florida,
tako their- places among tho Bhlps of tho lino.
Thoy aro almost Identical In bIzo with tho Dola
waro and North Dakota. After thorn will como
tho Arkansas and Wyoming each B54 feet In
length nnd 93 feet beam and carrying a full dozen
of tho 12-lnch guns, but It will bo soveral years
ero theso record-breakers aro ready to report for
duty.
Next to tho Iraportanco of providing fighting
ehlps for Undo Sam's navy is tho task of prepar
ing tho Bhlps and tho men who handlo thorn for
tho work thoy aro Intended for fighting tho bat
tles of tho country, should tho dread specter at
any tlmo descend upon us. Tho thrilling experi
ences on bonrd big Bhlps playing at war aro In
terestingly described In tbo following account
written by ono who witnessed tho recont naval
ovolutlons.
The plain red pennant for "commenco firing"
was banging like a stain from nil yards. "Load I"
from tho ordnanco offlcor. Tho Btalns gltdo down,
to tho shrill peals of tho stand-by bolls. Nover
stood men bo braced nnd rigid as thoso spotters,
staring through tho soft rubber oyopleces of their
binoculars, as tho ordnanco offlcor gravoly syl
labled tho final range and deflection, as ho got
them from tho substation prophet, who had boon
advised by tho performance of tbo ranging ahota:
"Tho rango 1b 10,500; deflection 47."
It is tho last suspense. Slowly, far below, the
moving turrets begin to noso upward their guns
like intelligent croaturea. Tho big fo'castlo deck
is an empty, nllm, flat, cigar-shaped finger, lazily
dealing forward slippery ruffs of whltouoss. Foam
oozes up complacent around tho anchor chains,
and your eyes rest unwittingly on a four-masted
schooner, a passenger steamship with a red fun
nol, astern tho waiting targets. Evory living
Blnow scattered on our faraway decks is trans
fixed on tho brldgo scroen thos skipper's arms,
bright with tholr four gold stripes, tho midship
man on watch with tho nickeled stadlmetor at bi
eyes, tho whlto bluejackets In boats on tho super
structure somo with cameras polBed all leveled
to tho Bamo trenchant nwo. Vague murmurs, not
quite n shouting, rlso; tho rumblo of a belated
loading hoist, tho hoarso hiss of nlr blasts clear
ing tho bores. Tho nervo-rncklng tsung of a
primer discharged ,ln somo breech, with tho bra
vado of utter preparedness. Choking smoke
clouds vomit up over us from tho crater of the
forward smoko plpo, with tho heat of a Turkish
bath.
"FIro!" and all nround on tho rails of our
cage snnrl out tho buzzers.
All tho sea to starboard goc3 rlbbod and eclt
tcrlng, as It under tho first blow of a tornado.
"Knots ten right" (Doflectlon.) "Down 000."
(Rango.) "Knots bIx loft." "Down 300." "Salvol"
You miss, or cannot remember aftor, tho oxaot
shouts of tho spotters, tho koy to the actual
mnrksmanshlp, cried out as tho goysor-gardoni
rlso, nnd, transformed, as thoy echo in tho sub
Btatlon, Into tho craft that guides tho great spurts
to bloom out where wo all hunger for them to
bo bunched together and hiding tho target with
their spray.
"Tho Georgia's shooting at our scrooa.'
That last ono winged her." You catch Buch fover
ish comments botween times, slowly grasping,
too, th at tho yards nnd angles of rango and do
flectlon keop dwindling In bIzo, ns shouted. "Hltl"
comes, now and then, In tho climax like a ham
mor blow; and ns tho four-mlnuto eternity ends
on tho long alarm boll for coaso firing, you hear,
llko a mnn coming out of a tranc'o, tho ordnance
officer calmly observing that tho doflectlon wasn't
a knot out all tho tlmo, but d n that forward
turret for hanging flro so that thoso poloon fumei
hid tho splashes. You aro coughing, In a first
romembrnnco of their Btrango, acrid, burning
Btrangulatlon.
Tho run 1b over, tho spectacle and tho human
burden of It 'delivered, as tbo order 1b posBod
to call up all divisional ofllccrs to report any
mlBflrca.
Swinging out now to tho targets, hungrily
searching them for sholl holes, tho throng of
offlcera on tho quartcrdock vent their relaxod ten
sion "OurJjllBpersal was good, but tho rango
flnder rend COO yards over. That's alwayB tho
fault. And half tho tlmo It flguros under." Or
you hear, "A dlfTcrenco of 30 per cent. In range
makes a difference of 300 per cent In tho diffi
culty of spotting." Ono learns that tho forward
twelves hung flro becauso wator Bplashod the
Bights. Wo discern tbreo hits In our targot
nono In any of tho other throo, clory bol pick
ing thorn reluctantly from rents mado by the
boos; ob tho repair boats, putting out from oocn
shlpbof us, sot their half-naked crews struggling
with tho mast and screens, herding tho precious
canvaBcs aboard tho flagship, for Judgment by all
umpires assembled, ,
K AWH gradually and iiirvilubly drawn to iho cnnHusion tint
iin;.l is i(i'llini'4 and mailer bill an i ircssion of tin- unvor
ml iiiiikI. A (al)lo, n house, or a machine U tho oiiihodwneiit
oT Home human mind. A Mono is the embodiment of unmo
iinnd at present iniiccessihle to Uf, of some will ul present in
feniliililc. Mill tor Kignilies oxistoiKO, life independent of our.clvo.i,
1ml subject to our will under certain conditions), just, i men
are lo some extent. Motion means change or experience. Iner
tia ineiins hahil. The oilier means, perhaps, the ull-euilmieing,
nll-coiiiieeling oversold of I ho universe. Jtadialion meaiirt perchance tho
intercommunication of smaller minds.
Hero we enter upon that virgin Held where, 1 helieve, the Hcieneo of
I lie future will blossom forth. In entering upon it it new perspective opeiM
oul, a perspective infinitely more glorious than the slurry host visible to
our human eyes. We brealhe a higher and purer air, an air of freedom,
of inlinite life and power and greatness, unfettered by the shackles, of our
earthly existence. Many of the sons of men, in all ngorf, have caught
glimpses of such a higher existence. It is open to all of us, nnd, I believe,
destined for all. Mut its possibility and prospect need not draw us away
from the present phase prematurely. Like, devotees of ehcHS or football,
we descend inlo the arena and consent to be bound for a lime by more or
less absurd restrictions. We play the game. And that game has nlwayn
been played and will always be played. It is a necessary discipline and
liberal education.
Of one thing we may be certain no universe exists which is entirely
unconnected with this of ours. We know that the fruit of our slightest
act goes thundering down the ages, that nothing is ever eh"aced, that every
thing of inlinite and eternal consequence. And if it leaves a perma
nent mark on the material univorro it will aireet also all invisible uni
verses. This roiled ion may give a new zest lo our present form of exist
ence. To pierce into the innermost recesses of nature, to mold natural
forces to our will, to make life happy and glorious for ourselves and
our kind, lo assert our supremacy over disease and death, to conquer
and rule this universe in virtue of the infinite power
power within us, such is our task here and now.
It is being more and more consciously taken in
hand by the human race, a race which, since its ear
liest origins, lias numbered about a billion individ
uals. The aggregate lives of these individuals cover a
vast variety of experiences and circumstances iihd the
record of these experiences is embodied in our own
physical organisms and' other records moro or less
permanent. The human race has hurled itself against
the fastnesses of nature and captured them ono by
one. The way has been a record of blood and of
tears.
Bui in the new generation the wounds are healed
and the tears are dried and the battle is renewed.
P"
From Too
Much
Fresh Air
By LOIS FULLER
Chicago
For Beveral years past 1 have been what
my friends termed n "fresh-air crank," but
lately I came to the conclusion that thin
fresh-air craze can bo overdone ns well ns
underdone, and especially that the value
of night air is greatly overestimated.
My mother is a scholar of the old
school and she has always contended that
the air after sundown is of very little
value in fad, that it often docs moro
harm than good, especially when it is damp,
as that of Chicago occasionally is.
Last spring I hnd a slight nttnek of
oronciuiis. ii woum negiii wuu a vnccz
ing, which would keep up all night. After throe nights of suffering my
mother persuaded me to try sleeping with uiy bedroom window shut. Be
fore that 1 would havo it wide open, winter and summer. I closed tho
windows and that night 1. was entirely free of the wheezing.
I tried this several times nflerward, starting with tho window ojwn,
but would always have lo get up and close it to get relief. Since last
spring I have slept with tho window closed more or less and never
felt better.
Of course I believe in thoroughly niring tho rooms during the duy
and letting all the sunshine possible in, .but I believe thnt tho dampness
from the lake und the dew does no one nny good and perhaps some harm,
especially to those with nose or throat (rouble1.
Telephone
Cheaper
roraxMi
Telepathy
Mental concentration and force of di
rection arc moro to be sought in telepathy
than delenninnlion, which sometime
mounts only to stubbornness. A suggestion
given lo a subject at such a lime that thero
are no conflicting thoughts will go far
toward creating nn involuntary auto-suggestion
for the desired end, especially when
the end sought is the object desired by the
subject.
Should the subject's lino of tliontrlit
fl By THOMAS II. WATSON I )C so intense or continued ns lo become an
ri..ii..i.'i'i mm "'i.'.-J nccepled fact n suggested chango in that
line may bo so opposed ns to remain below
tho threshold of consciousness. If thero is at any timo existing between
operator and subject n condition of mental rapport then will the suggestion
bo received. $
So in the case of Ceres, if tho error that her friend is nbout to com
mit is nn net that tho friend does not consider wrong it will tnko moro
thnn n single suggestion to remove tho desire to net. Somo logical reason
must be used, as tho suggestion will be analyzed nnd tho reason for tho
change must be so clear nnd tho suggestion so forcibly recoived thnt nil
opposing suggestions will bo overruled. Abatratlon is to bo sought ns
much ns concentration, nnd when you nrrlvo nt n mentnl condition wlioro
you enn voluntarily cxcludo all wandering thoughts pwctino suggestion.
Uut don't ueo your Biiggcatlon3 solely for your own gain or think thnt your
mentnl cmanntlons, nro supromo, for other minila consider tholra w'orthy
of notice.
If, nftor fiovernl nltompta nt telepathy, you fall to Influonco your
friend, try telephony. It Is much castor nnd only casta a nickel.
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