;T
SI
ft
II
ROOSEVELT GIVES
ROMANES LECTURE
Former President of United
States at Oxford
LORD CURZON IN THE CHAIR
Sheldonian Theater Crowded With
Distinguished People When Amer
ican Talks on "Biological An
alogies In History."
Oxford, rcnglnnd. The KomanoH
lecture by Theodore iloosovolt, which
was to have been delivered on Mny IS,
hut which was postponed on account
of Uio death of Kins Edward, was
Kivta on June 7 by tho distinguished
American. Tho Sheldonian theater
was filled to Its capacity by notable
persons and Oxford Btudcnts and the
lecture, which wns on "IJtoloKlcal
Analogies In History," was well re
ceived. liOrd Curzon, chancellor of tho
university, presided.
In Reeking to penetrate tho causes
of tho mysteries that surround not
only manlclnd but all lire, both lu tho
present and the past, said Mr. Uooae
ult, wc kco strange ntialoglcu in the
phenomena of life and death, of birth
growth and change, between thoso
physical groups of animal life which
wc dcslgnata as species, forms, races
and tho highly complex and composite
entitles which rise before our minds
when wc speak of nations and civi
lizations. It Is this study, ho assert
ed, that haB given science Its prosent
day pTommcnco, and tho historian of
manlclnd must work in tho scientific
spirit nnd use tho treasure-houses of
science.
To IHnBtratc. the lecturer took sev
eral instances of the development of
new species and the extinction of spe
cies In tho history of mammalian life,
Bhowlng that In mmo cases tho causes
can be traced with considerable accu
racy, nnd In other cases wo cannot so
much an hazard n guess as to why a
Blvcn change occurred.
Analogies In Human History.
Continuing, Mr. Iloosovolt said In
part:
Now, as to all of these phenomena In thn
evolution of speclo.. Uiero sir, If not
lioinoloslc", at Ipnot certain nrmlOEipa In
i ho history of human societies. In the
history of tho rlso to prominence, of tho
ilovelopment and change, of tho tem
porary dominance, nnd death or trans
formation, of the groups of varying Iclnd
v. hlch form races or natlonB.
As In biology, oo In human history, a
new form may result from tlio specializa
tion of n lontr-exlstlns and hitherto very
HlowIj'-chnnKlnK Generalized or non
J .prclallzcfl form: as. for InBtanco, when
11 iiiiiimrn iur uii,i vtuivij i ..wni...
maidenly develops a moro complnx culti
vation nnd civilization. That Is what oc
curred, for Instance, In western Europe
during the ccnturtca of tho Teutonic and
later tho Scandinavian ethnic overflows
from tho north. All the modern countries
of western Eurojwj are descended from tho
ntiitcn created by these northern Invaders.
When first created they could bo called
"new" or "young" states In tho senso
that part or nil of tho people composing
them wero descended from races thnt
hitherto lind not ton civilized at all, and
that therefore for tho tlrst tlmo entered
on tho career of civilized communities.
In the southern part of western Europe
the now states thus formed consisted in
ImiIIc of the Inhabitants already In tho land
tinder tho Uoman empire: and It was
ltero that tho new kingdoms first took
shape. Through a rcllex action their
Influence then extended back Into tho cold
forests from whlrh the Invaders had come,
nnd Germany and Bcandlnavla witnessed
the rlso of communities with essentially
the name civilization ns their southern
neighbors: though In those communities,
unlike tho southern communities, there
wns no Infusion of now blood, and In each
ciho tho now cWHIzed nation which gradu
ally developed was composed entliely of
members of tho name race which In tho
Hume rt'Rlnn hud for nges lived tho llfo of
a Hlowly ohanglng barbarism. Tho samo
wns true of tho 81a vh and tho Slavonlzed
Finns of eastern fturope, when an Infil
tration of Scandinavian leaders from tho
north nnd Infiltration of Dyzantlno
culture from the houth Joined to produco
the chniiKPi which havo gradually, out of
the Uttlo Slav communities of the forest
uud the steppe, formed the mighty Itusslan
rmplrn of today.
"New" and "Young" Nations.
Again, the new form may represent
merely a splitting off from a long-estah-lHhed,
highly developed nnd specialized
nation. In this case tho nation Is usually
polton of an a "young," nnd la correctly
tipoKcn of rut a "new," nation; but the
term should always bo used with a clear
senso of tho difference between what It)
drscilbcd In such cone, and what Is do
hcrlbed by tho samo term In speaking of
a civilized nation Just developed from a
barbarism. Cnrthngo and Ryracuso wero
nvv cities compared with Tyro nnd Cor
inth; but the Greek or Phoenician race wan
in every senso of tho word na old in tho
new city as In tho old city. So, nowadays,
Victoria or Man'toba Is a now community
compared with ttnglnnd or Scotland; but
thn ancestral typo of civilization nnd cul
ture Is no old In one caso as In tho other.
I of course do not mean for u moment
that great changes nro not produced by
tha mero fact that tho old civilized raco
Is suddenly placed In surroundings where
It has again to go through tho work of
taming the wilderness, a work finished
many centuries boforo In tho original
home of tho race; I meroly mean that
the ancestral history is tho samo In each
case. Wo can rightly uso tho phrase "a
new people" In speaking of Canadians
or Australians, Americans or Afrikanders,.
Out wo uso It In an ontlroly different
xeiiso from that In which we uso It when
Hpcaklug of such communities as thoso
founded by tho nnrthmen nnd their de
scendants during that period of astonish
ing growtli which saw tho descendants of
tho Norse seaAhlevcs conquer and trans
form Normandy, Sicily, and the British
Islands; we use It in an eiitlroly different
benso from that In which we uao It when
npcaklng of tho new states that grew up
uround Warsaw, Kief, Novgorod, and
Moscow, os the wild savages of tho
Hteppcs and tho marshy forests struggled
haltingly nnd stumbllngly upward to
hecomo builders of cities and to form
Htuhlo governments. The kingdoms of
Charlemagne and Alfred wero "new,"
compared with tho empire on the Hos
phorus, they were also in every way dif
ferent; their lines of ancestral descent had
nothing In common with thoso of the
polyglot realm which paid trlbuto to tho
t'aesara of Uyzantluin; their social prob
lems and afterllmo history wero totally
different. This Is not true of thoso "new"
nations which spring direct from old na
tions Iirazll, tho Argentlno, tho United
States, are all "new" nations, compared
with the nations of Europe: but with
whatever changes in detail, their civiliza
tion Is nevertheless of the general Euro
peon typo, ns shown In Portugal, Spain,
nnd Euglund, Tho differences between
these "new" American and these "old"
European nations aro not as great us those
which separato tho "new" nations one
from nuother and tho "old" nations ono
fiom another Thero are In curb caso
very real differences between tho new nnd
Hit old nation dlffpreneeM both for good
and for evil, but lu pach caso there Is
tho some ancestral lilMory to reckon with,
the samu type of civilization, with Its at
tendant benonts and shortcomings; nnd,
after the pioneer stages nro passed, the
problems to bo solved, In spite of superfi
cial differences, nre In tlielr essence tho
snmp; tliey nro those that confront nil
civilized peoples, not those that confiont
peoples struggling from barbarism Into
th mention.
Ko, when we speak of tho "death" of
a tribe, a nation or a civilization, the term
may bo used for either ono or two totally
dlfferi nl processes, tho analogy with
what occurs In biological history being
complete. Certain tribes of savages, tho
Tnsmaulnns. for Instance, and various lit
tle elans of American Indians, have within
tho last cuntury or two completely died
out, nil of the individuals have perished,
leaving no descendants, nnd tho blood has
disappeared. Certain other tribes of
Indians have ns tribes disappeared or
nre now disappearing, but their blood
remains, Itclng absorbed Into tho veins of
the whlto Intruders, or or tho black men
Introduced by thoso whlto Intruders; so
that In ivnllty they am meroly being
transformed Into something absolutely
different from what they were.
A llko wide diversity lu fact may bo
covered In thn statement that a civiliza
tion has "died out."
Phonomcna That Puzxle.
In dealing, not with groups of human
Ixlng.s la simple nnd primitive relations,
hut with highly complex, highly special
ized, civilized, or semi-clvltlzed soclotles,
them is need of great caution In drawing
analogies with what has occurred in the
development of tho uulmat world. Yet
even In those cases It Is curlouu to oc
how some of the phenomena In the
growth nnd disappearance of these com
plex, nrtlllclnl groups of human beings
resemble what lias happened In myriads
of Instanced In tho history of llfo on this
plnnet.
Why do great artificial empires, whoso
citizens nro knit by a bond of speech and
culture much morn thnn by a bond of
blood, show periods of extraordinary
growth, and again of sudden or lingering
decay? In some cases wo can answer
readily enough; In other oases wo can
not ns yet oven guess what tho proper
nnsvvor should bo. If In any such cnno
tho centrifugal forces overcomo tho cen
tripetal, tho nation will of course lly to
pieces, und thn reason for Its failure to
becomo a dominant forco Is patent to
every ono. Tho mlnuto that tho spirit
which finds Its htultliy davclopmcnt In
locul self-government, and In tho antldoto
to tho dangers of an extreme centraliza
tion, develops Into mero particularism,
Into Inability to comblno effectively for
achievement of a common end, then It Is
hopeless to expect great results. Poland
nnd certain republics of tho western
hemlsphcro aro tho standard examples of
failure of this kind: and the United States
would have ranked vmh them, and Its
name would huvo becomo a byword of
derision, If the foicos of union had not
triumphed In tho civil war. So tho
growth of soft luxury after It lias reached
a certain point becomes a national danger
patent to all. Again, It needs but Uttlo of
the vision of a seer to foretell what must
happen In any community If tho average
woman ceases to becomo tho mother of a
family of healthy children, If the average
man loses tho will nnd the power to work
up to old ago and to tight whenever tho
need nrlses. If tho homely, commonplnco
virtues dlo out. If strength of clinractor
vanishes In graceful self-indulgence, If tho
virile qualities atrophy, then tho nation
hns lost what no material prosperity can
offset.
Hut thero aro plenty of other phenom
ena wholly or partlnlly Inexplicable. It Is
chsy to seo why Homo trended downward
when great slave-titled farms spread over
what had once been a countryside of
peasant proprietors, when greed nnd lux
ury and sensuality ate llko acids Into tho
fiber of tho upper classes, whllo tho mass
of tho citizens grow to depend, not upon
their own exertions, but upon tho state,
for their pleasures and their very liveli
hood, But this docs not explain why tho
forward movement stopped at different
times, so far as different matters wero
concerned; at ono time as regards litera
ture, nt unother tlmo as regards architec
ture, nt another tlmo as regards city
building. Wo cannot oven guess why the
springs of one kind of energy dried up
while thero waa yet no cessation of an
other kind.
Holland ac an Example.
Tako another nnd smaller Instance, that
of Holland. Kor a period covering a
Uttlo moro than tho seventeenth century,
Ilnllnnd, llko somo of tho Italian city
states at an cat Her period, stood on tho
dangerous heights of greatness bcsldo na
tlons so vnstly her superior In territory
and population ns to make it inevitable
that sooner or later sho must fall from tho
glorious and perilous eminence to which
sho had been raised by her own Indomita
ble soul. Her fall came; It could not
havo been Indefinitely postponed' but It
came far quicker than It needed to come,
because of shortcomings on her part to
which both Great Britain and the United
States would bo wise to pay heed. Her
government was singularly Ineffective, tho
decentralization beln,g ouch ns often to
permit thn separatist, tho particularism
rplrlt of tho provinces to rob tho central
authority of all olllclency. This was had
enough Hut tho fatal weakness was that
so common In rich, peace-loving societies,
where men hnte to think of war ns possi
ble, and try to Justify tholr own roluctanco
to faro It either by high-sounding moral
platitudes or clso by a philosophy of
short-sighted materialism. Tho Dutch
vvcro very wealthy. Thoy grow to be
llovo that they could hlro others to do
their lighting for them on land; nnd on
sea, whero they did their own fighting,
nnd fought very well, they refused In
tlmo of peaco to muke ready fleets so ef
ficient as oltlter to Insuro tho Dutch
ngnlnst tho peaco being broken or clso
to glvo them tho victory when' war
eamo. To bo opulent nnd unarmed Is to
secure ease In tho present nt tho almost
certain cost of disaster In tho future.
It Is thotoforoeasy to see why Holland
lost when sho did her position among tho
powers; but It Is fnr moro difficult to ox
plaln why at tho samo tlmo thero should
havo como nt least a partial loss of posi
tion In the world of art and letters. Somo
spark of dlvlno flro burned Itself out In
tho national soul, As tho lino of great
statesmen, of groat wan lors, by land nnd
sea, came to nn end, so tho lino of tho
great Dutch painters ended. The loss of
pro-cminejico In tho schools followed tho
loss of pre-eminence lu camp and in
council chamber.
In the Uttlo republlo of Holland, as In
tho great empire of Home, It was not
death which came, but transformation.
Both Holland and Italy teach us that
races that fall may rlso again.
Danger of Raco Suicide.
Thero ore questions which wo of the
gteat civilized nations aro over tempted to
nsk of tho future. Is our time of growth
drawing to an end? Aro we as nations
soon to como under tho rule of thnt great
law of death, which Is Itself but part of tho
prcat law of llfo? None can toll. Forces
thnt we can seo nnd other forces that nro
hidden or that can but dimly bo appre
hended nro nt work all around us, both
for good nnd for evil. Tho growtli In lux
ury, In love of ense, In taste for vapid
and frivolous excitement, Is both evident
nd unhealthy. The most ominous sign
Is the diminution in the birth-rate, In the
rate of natural Increase, now to a larger
or lesser degree shared by most of tho
civilized nations of central nnd western
Europe, of America nnd Australia; a dim
inution so great that If It continue for thn
next century nt the rato which has ob
tained for the last S5 years, all tho moro
highly civilized peopto will be stationary
or elso havo begun to go backward in
population, while many of them will havo
already gono very far backward,
There Is much that should give tis con
cern for the future. Hut thero Is much
nlso which shuuld give us hope. No man
Is moro apt to be mistaken thnn tho
prophet of evil I bcllevo with nil my
heart tint a great future remains for us;
tint whether It does or doos not, our
duty Is not filtered However tho bat
tle may go, tho soldier worthy of tho
iinino will with utmost vigor do his al
lotpd task, and bear himself ns valiant
ly In defeat as In victory. Como what
will, wo belong to peoples who havo not
yielded to the craven fear of being groat.
In tho Hges that havo gono by, tho
great nations, tho nations that havo ex
panded and that have played a mighty
part in tho world, havo In tho end
grown old and weakened ami vanished;
but so have the nations whoso only
thought wns to avoid nil danger, all ef
fort, who would risk nothing, and who
therefore gained nothing In the end tho
snino fate may overwhelm nil alike; hut
the memory of the one typo perishes with
It while tho other lee es Its mnrtc deep
on the history of all tho futuro of man
kind. A nation thnt seemingly dies may lie
born again; and even though In tho
physical sense It dlo utterly, It mny yet
hand down a history of heroic achieve
ment, nnd for all time to como may pro
foundly Inlluence the nations thnt nrlso lu
Its placo by the Imprros of what It has
done. Best of nil Is It to do our part well,
and at tho Hnmo tlmo to nee our blood live
young and vital lu men and women (It to
tnko up tho task as wo lay It down; for
so shall our seed Inherit tho earth. But
If this, which Is best. Is dented us, then
at least It Is ours to remember that if we
choose wo can be torch-benrers, as our
fathers wero before us. Tho torch has
been handed on from nation to nntlon,
from civilization to civilization through
out all recorded tlmo, from the dim years
before history dawned, down to tho. bla
zing splendor of this teeming century of
ours. It Is dropped from the hnnd of tho
coward and tho sluggard, of tho man
wrapped In luxury or love of ease, tho
mini whoso soul was eaten away by nelf
Indulgence: It linn been kept alight only
by those who wero mighty of iienrt and
cunning of hnnd. What they worked at,
providing It was worth doing nt all, wns
of no less matter than how they worked.
whether In the realm of tho mind or tho
reulm of tho body. If tholr woik wns
good. If what they urhleved wns of sub
stance, thou high success was really
theirs,
Strength With Morality.
In tho llrr.t part of this lecluio I drow
certain nnaloglcu between what had oc
curred to forms of animal life through
tho procession of the ages on tills planet,
und what lias occurred and Is occurring
to the great aitlllclnl civilizations which
havo gradually spread over tho world's
surraco during tho thousands of yeur.i
that havo elapsed since cities of temples
and palaces first roue beside tho Nllo and
tho Euphrates, and the harbors of
Mlnoan Creto bristled with the masts of
tho Aegean craft. But of course tho
parallel Is true only In tho roughest
nnd most genernl way. Moreover, cvoo
between the civilizations of today and
tho civilizations of ancient times thero
nro differences so profound that wo must
bo cautious Iti drawing any conclusions
for the present based on whnt has hap
pened In tho past. Whllo freely admit
ting nil of our follies and weaknesses of
today, It la yet mero perversity to refuse
to realize the Incredible advance that
has been rnndo In ethical standards. I do
not believe that there Is tho slightest nec
essary connection between any weaken
ing of virile forco and tills advance In
tho moral standard, this growth of tho
senso of obligation to one's neighbor and
of reluctance to do that neighbor wrong
Wo need havo scant putlenco with that
silly cynicism which Insists that kindli
ness of character only accompanies
wenkness of chnrncter. On tho contrary,
Just ns in private llfo many of tho men
of strongest character are tho very men
of loftiest nnd most exnltnd morality, so
I bcllevo that in national life as tho nges
go by vve shall find that tho permanent
untlonal types will moro nnd moro tend
towaids thoso In which, whllo tho Intel
lect stnnds high, character stands higher;
In which rugged strength nnd courage,
rugged capacity to resist wrongful ag
gression by others, will go hnnd In hand
with a lofty scotn of doing wrong to oth
ers. This Is tho typo of Tlmoleon, of
Hampden, of Washington and Lincoln.
These wero as good men, ns disinterested
and unselfish men, as ever served n
state, and they were nlso ns stiong men
ns ever founded or saved a state. Surely
such examples provo that there Is noth
ing rtoplnn In our effort to combine
Justlco and strength In tho samo nntlon.
Tho tenlly high civilizations must them
selves supply the antldoto to tho stif-ln-dulgonco
and love of ease which they
tend to produce.
Problems of Modern Nations.
Every modem civilized nation ha many
nnd terriblo problems to solve within Its
own borders, problems thnt arlso not
merely from Juxtaposition of poverty and
riches, but especially from tho soir-con-sclousness
of both poverty nnd riches,
Each nation must deal with theso mat
ters In Its own fashion, and yet tho spirit
lu which tho problem Is approached must
ever bo fundamentally tho same, It
must bo a spirit of broad humanity; of
brotherly kindness; of acceptance of re
sponsibility, ono for each and each for
nil; and at tho samo tlmo n spirit as re
mote ns tho poles from every form of
weakness and Kcntlmontallty. As In war
to pnrdon tho covvaid Is to do cruel
wrong to tho bravo man whoso llfo his
covvnrdlco Jeopatdlzcs, so In civil nffalrs
it Is revolting to every prlnclplo of
Justlco to give to tho lazy, tho vicious, or
even tho feeblo and dull-witted, a reward
which is really tho robbery of what
braver, wiser, abler men havo earned,
Tho only effectlvo way to help nny man
Is to help him to help himself; and the
worst lesson to teach him Is that he can
bo permanently helped at the expenso of
soma ono else. Truo liberty shows Itself
to best ndvantago In protecting tho rights
of others, and especially of minorities,
Prlvllego should not bo tolerated because
It Is to tho advantage of a minority, nor
yet because It lu to tho advantage of a
majority. No doctrinaire theories of
vested rights or freedom of contract can
stnnd In tho way of our cutting out
abuses from tho body politic Just a Ut
tlo can wo afford to follow tho doctrin
aires of nn Impossible and Incldeutully
of a highly undesirable social revolution
which, in destroying Individual rights
(Including property rights) and tho fam
ily, would destroy the two chief agents In
tho advance of manlclnd, nnd tho two
chief rensons why either tho advanco or
the preservation of mankind Is worth
while. It Is an evil nnd a dreadful thing
to bo callous to sorrow and suffering, nnd
blind to our duty to do all things possible
for tho betterment of social conditions.
But It Is an unspeakably foolish thing to
strive for this betterment by moans so
destructive that they would leavo no bo
clal conditions to better. In dealing with
all these social problems, with the inti
mate relations of tho family, with wealth
In pilvato uso and business uso, with la
bor, with povorty. tho ono prlmo neces
sity Is to remember that, though hard
ness of heart Is a great evil, It Is no
greatr an evil than softness of head.
But In addition to these problems tho
most Intlmnto nnd Important of nil
which to n largrr or less degree affect all
tho modern nations somewhat alike, w
of tho great nations thnt havo expnnded,
thnt nro now In complicated i elation with
ono another nnd with alien rnces, havo
special problems nnd sperlnl duties of our
own. You belong to a nntlon whlrh pos
sesses tho greatest empire upon which tho
sun lias ever shone I belong to n nntlon
which Is trying, on a scale hitherto unex
ampled, to work out the problems of gov
ernment for. of, and by tho people, wiilU
nt tho samo tlmo doing the International
duty of n great power But there aro
certain problems wblih both of us havo
to solve and as to which our standards
should be the same The Englishman, tha
man of the British Isles, In his various
homes ncioss the bciis, nnd the Ameri
can, both nt homo nnd nbrond, 1110
brought Into contact with utt.ily alien
peoples some with a civilization more an
cient than our own, nlhnrs still hi. or
having but recently nrlspn num. the bar
bat Ism which our people left behind uges
ngo. The problems that tulso nic of well
nigh Inroni civ able dirtleulty They cannot
bo solved by the foolish m'littineiitallty of
stay-at homo people, with little patent
reelpe.s, nnd those cut-niul-dtlod theories
of the political nursery which have such
limited applicability iimld tho eriiBh of
elemental foives Neither can they bo
solved bv tho law brutality of tint men
who, whether at home or mi the rough
frontier of civilization, adopt might ns
the only Maudnid of light In dealing with
other men. nnd treat alien mceu only as
subjects tor epoltntlon.
No bird and fast rule can be drawn nn
applying to all alien races, hemline they
differ from one another far more wide
ly thnn Homo of them tlinvr fiom ns. But
there nre one or two t tiles which must
not bo forgotten In tho long tun, there
enn be no Justification for ono race man
aging or controlling nuother unless tho
management and control mo reitled In
tho Inteiest nnd for the buicflt of that
other race This Is what our peoples
havo lu tho main done, ami must ton
tlnuo hi the future In even greater de
gree to do. In India. Egypt, and the Phil
ippines alike. In tho net place, us re
gards every tace. cvcr.vwhcie, nt homo
or nbrond, we cannot nffoid to deviate
from the great rulo of righteousness
whlrh bids us treat each man on his
worth as a man He must not bo ncntl-
mcntally favored hoc nnso lie belongs to
n given Hire; ho must not lie given Im
munity In wrong-ilnlng, or permitted to
cumber the ground, or given other ptlvl
leges which would bo denied to tho
vicious and unlit among the mselvcH. On
tho other hand, whero ho acts lu a way
which would entitle him to respect and
reward If ho weio of our own Hlock, ho
Is Just as much entitled to thnt respect
nnd reward If ho romps of nuother
Htock, even though that other stock pro
duces a much smaller proportion of men
of his typo thnn does our own. Thin has
nothing to do with social Intermingling,
with whnt Is cnlleil social ciuallty It
hns to do merely with tho question of do
ing to each man and each woman that
clementnry Justlco which will penult him
or her to gain from llfo tho reward
which should nlways accompany tin If t,
sobriety, self-control, respect for tho
rights of others, and bard and Intelli
gent work to n given end To more than
such Just treatment nn mnn Is entitled,
and less thnn such Just ticntment no mail
should receive.
Duty of Nation to Nation.
Tho other tvpo of duty Is (ho Interna
tional duty, tho duty owed by one na
tion to another I hold that the lawn of
molality which should govern Individu
als In their dealings ono with tho other
aro Just ns binding concerning nations In
their dealings ono with tho other. Tho
application of tho moral law inunt bo
different In tho two ensea. bocnuso In
one case It has. and In tho oilier It has
not, tho sanction of a civil law with fotco
behind it. Tho Individual can depend for
hli rights upon tho courts, which them
selves ilerlvo tlielr foico rrotn tho police
power of tho stnte. Tho nation can de
pend upon nothing of tho kind, nnd
therefore, ns things nro now, It Is thn
highest duty of tho most advanced and
freest peoples to keep themselves In such
a state of readiness nn to forbid to any
barbarism or despotism tho liopo of ar
resting the progress of tho world by stri
king down the nations thnt lead In that
progress. It would bo foolish Indeed to
pny heed to tho unwise persons who de
sire disarmament to bo begun by tho
very peoples who, of nil otheis, should
not bo left helpless before any posslblo
foo. But wo must reprobnto qulto as
strongly both tho lcadeis and tho peoples
who practise, or encourngo or condone,
nggrebslon nnd Iniquity by tho strong nt
tho expenso of tho weak. Wo should tol
erate lawlessness nnd wickedness neither
by the weak nor by tho Htinug; and both
weak and strong wo Minuld In return
treat with sciupuloiis fairness. Tho for
eign policy of a great nnd snlf-renpectlng
country should bo conducted on exactly
tho samo piano of honor, of Insistence
upon ono'a own rights und of respect for
the rights of others, ns when a biavu nnd
bnnorablo man is dealing with his fel
lows I'ermlt mo to suppnit this state
ment out of my own experience. For
nearly eight years I was tho head of a
great nation and charged especially with
tho conduct of Its foreign policy; and
dutlng thoso years I took no action with
reference to nny other peoplo on tho faco
of tho earth that I would not havo felt
Justified in taking ns an Individual in
dealing with other Individuals.
I bcllevo that wo of the great civilized
nntlnns of today have a right to feel that
long careers of achievement lie beforo
our several countries. To each of us Is
vouchsafed tho honorable privilege of do
ing his part, however small. In that work.
Let us stilvo hardily for success, oven If
by no doing wo risk falluic, spurning
the poorer souls of small endeavor who
know neither failure nor success. Ixt us
hopo thnt our own blood shall rontlnuo
In the land, that our children nnd chil
dren's children to endless generations
shall arlso to tnko our places and piny a
mighty nnd dominant part In tho world.
But whether this bo denied or granted by
tho years wo slinll not see, let at least
tho satisfaction bo oiiis that wo havo
carried onward tho lighted torch in our
own day and gonerntlon. If wo do this,
the n, ns our eyes close, and wo go out
Into tho dntkness, and other hands grasp
the torch, at least wo can say thar our
part hns been borno well and valiantly.
Arms and Legs,
According to tho result of ninny
menuuroniouts made at tho An
thropological laboratory In London,
tho right arm In human beings Is, In
a mnjority of caBes, longer than tho
loft arm, whllo, on tho contrary, tho
left log Is longer thnn tho right leg.
Sometimes, however, the rolatlvo pro
portions aro exactly rovcrsed, but
very seldom does perfect icquallty
exist between thn two sides. Tho ten
dency of tho right nrm to exceed tho
loft nrm In strength Is somewhat
greater In men than In women, whllo
equality of strength In tho two arms
occurn almost twlco as frequently
with women na with men.
A Test of Strength.
"Doctor, havo yon and tho consult
ing physician decided what Is tho mat
ter with mci"
"Not yot."
"Hut I heard you bnllotlng this
morning."
"Oh, that was only a straw vote."
Kansas City Journal,
NE A I
NEWS NOTES OF INTEREST FROM
VARIOUS SECTIONS.
ALL SUBJECTS TOUCHED UPON
Religious, Social, Agricultural, Pollb
Icnl and Other Matters Given
Due Consideration.
.Ineoli Cnrjientur of Franklin county
celebrated his ninety-second blrthduy
anniversary at his hnmo In Franklin.
Huncroft will celebrate tho Fourth
of July this year. It has become tho
eiihttun of tho neighboring towns to
alternate on this ocnsslon. This your
It Is up to llaneroft.
F. J. Hlnzle, representing the 0. V.
Urecht lltileher Supply company of
St. Jiottls, committed suicide In his
room nt the Meridian hotel In
Columbus by cutting his throat with
u knife.
Will White, aged about 110 years,
non of James H. White, n prominent
farmer lesldlng near Sunderland,
committed sulcido by inking cnt-ollo
acid. The body was found In tho
haymow. No cause given.
Wllllntn I fieddon Camp No. G,
United Spanish War Veterans, was
organized and mustered at Alliance
by Department Commander K. II.
Phelps of Lincoln, who visited there.
Albert Craig of O'Dcll, Ongo county,
who was arrested at Summcrncld,
Kuiih., leeently on the charge of boot
legging, pleudcd guilty In the district
court uud was sentenced to sixty days
In the county Jail.
Petitions In tho lino of municipal
reform ate being circulated In West
Point nnd aro meeting with strong
Htipport. It Is propsed to regulate
tho hours or closing of the pool rooms
of tho town and nlso to prohibit tho
moving picture theaters from giving
their performances on Sundnys.
The Valentine Junior State Normal
will open In Valentine Juno fi. Tho
faculty for this year has been selected
rrom among tho strongest educators
or tho state and provision has been
made for special Instruction In all
Important lines or teachers work.
The big steel brltlgo that tho North
western has been building ncioss tho
Niobrara river at Valentino Is now
completed and all trains have been
running over It. The bridge has been
over a year In being built and Is l.I'.OO
reet long nnd 111 root high.
Kb. Johns who was convicted In tho
district court, on tho ehargo or burg
larizing tho slaughtur houso of Wal
ter .Mitchell at Oennnntown and
Bteallng llfteen hides t herefrom, was
sentenced by Judge Corcoran to a
term of two nnd ;i hnir years lu tho
penitentiary.
with twenty-live charter members.
Tho soldiers or the Spanish war, in
conjunction with tho Grand Army or
the Republic, held memorial services
Fire destroyed the Cox Lumber
comjmny yard, the (lodboy residence,
tho F.lnicr Hathaway ofTlco building,
tho Murphy and Moline real estate
olllcers and William Smith's restau
rant at Morrill. The totnl loss was
150,000 with insurance or ?30,000.
Tho crop conditions over this sec
tion or tho state, says a, Cambrltlgo
dispatch, aro excollent. Moro than
ono inch or rain fell hero during last
week. Tho farmem have about com
pleted corn planting.
Tho consus department Is still gath
ering up and counting the scattered
returns ror tho Omaha census dis
trict, and the Until report may not bo
sent In until arter tho mldtllo or Juno.
A reception attended by practically
all or tho peoplo or Madison and vi
cinity, was held nt tho now Union Pa
elile station rrom 7:!I0 to 8:. '10 p. ni
when tho depot was rormally opened
and dedicated, -..njor W. L. Dowllng
welcomed tho oillclala on tho part or
the Commercial club and tho citizens
or Madison, to whom Nelson II.
IiOomls, general solicitor, made re
sponse. Miss Sarah 13. Peck or Collego View,
who three times rcrused to tell tho
consus enumerator how old sho wns,
and to give him other information ho
desired, pleaded guilty In federal
court to tho charge ot refusing the In
formation and wns fined $10,
Tho Jury In the caso of W. D. Tally
against tho Grand Island Telephone
company, tho Grand Island IClcctrle
company and tho Fairmont Croamcry
company for damages In tho Bom of
?ia,700 for thn death of Stewart
Tully, boiio of tho plaintiff, haB re
turned a verdict of $2,000 against the
defendants lu common.
Goldlo Morton, a country girl at
tending tho Lyons High school, was
.successful In carrying off tho $100
prize scholarship, which Is offered by
t.ho Associated Coliegos of tho state.
She was tho valedictorian and was
considered tho best among eleven of
thd 1010 class. This will enablo nor
to attend her cholco of Bevcrnl col
leges In tho stnto.
Valentino has decided to celebrate
tho Fourth or July tills year In a good
old rousing celebration,
Ilrctona Flehl 1ms brought suit in
tho district court of Hoono county
ngainst August I.achnlt and August
Peterson, saloon keepers at Hum
phrey, Nob., ami John Knspnrek, a
saloon keeper at Albion, nud tho Lyon
Bonding and Surety company of Om
aha, asking for $10,000 damages, tho
petition nllcglng that by reason of
sales of liquor to her husband, Mnr
tin 8. Flold, he has failed to support
her and she has been damaged lu
.said amount.
OLD LADY'S THOUGHTFUL ACT
Didn't Mean Delovcd Paotor'n DIgeg.
tlon Should Suffer If She Could
Help It
Ono morning n popular young min
ister was presenting hln vlewn Hpon
an Important tiubjcct under dlscuHnlon,
Bnya tho National Monthly, nnd Insist
ing that he hold certain thlnga to bo
true, tho commentntoni notwithstand
ing. Ho continued, "I hold thin (o b
true, even though thn commontatorH
disagree with mo and again I nay,
even though tho commentatora disa
gree with me."
At this point nn old lady won seen
to leavo the church. On hln way home
from tho Bervlco Iho minister was
mot by this old lady, bearing a basket.
She stopped und h milled It to him,
suylng; "Dear brother, I heord yon
say thet common 'tntors disagree with
you, no 1'vo brought you ti basket
of Virginia yamn."
Up to Pa.
"Papa, slBter'ti n Hnr!"
"Why, why! Jennie, you mustn't Bay
such things."
"I enn prove It by your own nell.
Last night I heard hor say, 'Charlie.
I'll call papa if you daro to do It
again!' And he did It twlco more. Did
you henr her cull?"
Question of Precedent.
"What makcH you doubt that nil
men nro born equal7"
"Tho absolute) conlldonco of every
parent that hln baby tn uuporlur to
nny other In existence."
Some choirs lutvu tho artistic: tent
pornment ho hatly they will sing n
lullaby Just before tho nermon.
I'KllllY DAVIK" VA1NKIM.RIC
Tor nil Kirln nf ml. brnUen, imrns nod rtnlhv
'niki-u Inlernallr II rnnsi ularrlira una (IjwuUtt.
Aiulil nuliMllDlrs. , D3 and Ma.
If a man wotld bo himself ho must
ccnBo to thlik f hlmnolf.
WESTERN CANADA
What Prof. Shaw, Vf Wort-Known Jtsrf.
cultuntt, say About Its
"I vrooM Boonor ratm onttln In Wnrtom
Usmwut Wan In Uio mm IKI6 or
t&o llnllclHUOiw. Vn
la riu'iiwr and oil mute
hotter for tliu iiurpow).
Your inarkut will Ira.
immi twti than your
J ormormi M I prnturatha
aappllta. Wheat u ho
grimn unto thn 00th par
allel U) mlli-a north ot
Uio International hoand
or.il. Vour viuant land
nil I Ixi tiikon at a rato
troyonil proftent connip
tion. ,Vo bnro nnnach
praplo la Uu. tlnttr.1
ntutftrt nlnnn nn rn.
Iiomna to tako unthU land." Hearlj
70.000 Americans
wlIlriiUn-uiMlinnkotlirlrlionu'a
In Wtni Oiniula tlila yiuir.
11)00 lirmlurixl iinoiticr Inrco
crop of whont, onta cunt liarlcy.
In mlillUon to nlilrJi Uio cnCClo
en porta nn nil linmriMO lli-in.
OiiUlo railing, daJrrlna, mUod
Tormina nnd jtrnln crowlna In thn
lmvtiirv nrMiinllotMi, Saiitnt
eJHutiui and AIIortii.
1'nHi liomeatond, nnd pro-rmn-tlon
nroiis, ea well aa lniv.lt hoi. I
l7 rail wur and land com panlm, will
prorldo liomei for million.
Ailnptnlilo all, licnlllifut HI
rnnto. ilrnlll wlwtota drill
cJiarcliiw. ami rood rnllwnjH.
For anltl)ira' rntua, iliwoiipUro
lltiirnturo "Jvnt JM Wt," linw
n roach tho country and othor ir
tloulura, vrrltn to Rnu'C ot tmuil-
euUon, Otlann. Omada. or to tho
juadUia UovenuuMit Asuut.
W. V. BENNETT
Room 4 Bm BMj. Gaahi, Kit.
(Uun .UrotnnrmraKroa.) (I)
P" W mm urn Send postal for
r K W Free Pnckngo
I 1 1 k La of Faxtlno.
Belter and more economical
than liquid antiseptics
FOB ALL TOILET USES.
ivei one a sweet breath : clean, white.
Berm-free teeth nntiteptically clean
mouth and throat purifies tho breath
after smoking -diapels nil dungrecaMo
perspiration and body odors much ap
preciated by dainty women. A quick
remedy for aoro eyes and catarrh.
f blue f axtme powder dis
solved in a plaJJ of hot water
makes a delightful antiseptic so
lution, possessing extraordinary
cleansing, germicidal end heal
ing power, and absolutely harm
lets. Try a Sample. 50c a
large box at druggifts or by mail.
THE DAYTON TOILET CO.. Boston. Mann.
BauESKnassanRnHssni
Ming Too ii(S
for you. That's why we want you
to take CASCARETS for liver and
bowels. It's not advertising talk
kut "2i, the peat, wonderful,
lasting merit of CAUCAKKTS that
wc want you to know by trial. Then
you'll have faith and join the mil
lions who keep well by CASCA
RETS alone. w
CASCARRTS roc a box for a week's
treatment, all drnircUlB. Dlfrgcst Bel lor
lu the world. Million xjxcm a uioulu.
PARKER'S
HAIR BALSAM
CltaoHa and twatrtinco fan htlt,
Promotes a liuuikint croath.
Mover Pol la to Jloatoro Only
j&ir III IIS 1UUU1IVI UHJE.
Carta tcalp divam A ailr tilJUcj.
SUo.aadSI.Ulat DnU
MM
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