QRATI8. I W Wj feu EH iASHINOTON. Tlioro was mivflluil In tin.1 na tion's cnpltnl lecontlyu statue of tlio Ilev.John Wlthorspooii, one of tlio signers of tlio Dec laration Of Indepen dence Mo 10 and more attention Is IicIiik Riven throughout the country to the memories of the men who signed the liberty document. Not long ago tliorc was held In Wash ington n ronvontlon of the descend nntn of tho signers. It Is expected that ns the result of tho labors of thin hereditary organization thero will he withered together for pres ervation In ono safe place nil tho things that are attainable which had Intimate association with tho men who on tho 4th of July. 177(5, took their lives nnd their pens In hand. In tho year 1770 lived a woman who was fond of giving curtain lectures to her husband. She was the original Mrs. Caudle, though her name was Mrs. Dickenson, the wife of John Dickenson of Ponii Bylvnnin. whoso "Letters of a Pennsylvania banner" had done much to nrouso a spirit of liberty among tho people Ono night sov cral weeks before the meeting of the conllnentnl congress, of which Dickenson was a member, his spouse, speaking from beneath tho shadow of her nightcap, said: "Johnny, If you hnvo nnythlng to do with this independence business jou'll bo hanged, and leave a most excellent widow." John Dickenson spoke against the resolution de claring the colonies to be fiee and independent. The gieat Independence debate was held within closed doors, nnd no recoid of the speeches was kept, because it was felt that l case of v vuUilIM mswv'ZwviM .iZmtii&i HHH -" "BSIStlmtfnmyLJlljHfixiinEMBtnm Hull fs V. , . H ,,,s'5'l!:',''-iHH 7 , SEnffllfly AUrdtX-Mmk. xSfiKfKrfxv-. livw x. B'SMHHHRHMBKHHSSBf'Mwitisc u - ', .;2vvafasvw ..r'i jataasiiisaHicviwAjstii m imuy - J!i"M.n war'i ...Aarffl tyflMumMiuwssssiwajRiii XJv!BMflffl xzznr A S11.33l "W H' mmmKSM ' f ILn I IlilBMHBBBWflWEMi) I Q3 OFomfcr "rsfijew worr ths DrciAMrorf tho capture of any ono of tho members of the body that King Cieorgo would have him strung up speedily should thero bo written evidence that ho had spoken against the supremacy of the crown. When tho Urunswlck monarch, however, had been forced to rellniiulsh his grip on the united colonies, somo of tho delegates told what they had said or what others bad Bald These fragmentary speeches bad never before been gathered together. It is believed. Hits or them appear here and there in revolutionary-day stories. Others are to bo found In the correspondence of somo of the fathers ot the republic, and two others have had their spirit, but not their letter, preserved through one of the almost matchless orations of Web ster. It is a well-known fact tlmt the declaring of tho colonies Independent was not thought of scilously beforo tho convening of the memor nlilo congrebs of the spring of 177(5. Washing ton was bitterly opposed to nny such declara tion until It became a military nnd civil neces sity Patrick Henry was perhaps tho only out ipokcn advocate of the year when tho cutting wns nctually accomplished, though Hcnjamin Franklin nnd Timothy Dwight thought, nnd sometimes said, that tho yoko should be re moved Henry, by tho wny, In one of his speeches, undoubtedly gave tlio keynote to which Ilobort Knimot nfterward attuned tho Inst senteuco of his speech when condemned to dlo. As early as 1773 Patrick Henry de clared that the colonies should strike for indo pendonco, nnd prophesied that Franco would not be backward In coming to their nld. Tho last words of his speech woro almost literally a part of the concluding words of Robert Emmet's speech: "Then our country shnll take her place among tho nations of tho earth " Tho original declaration of liidependenco was a local aftalr. Mecklenberg county. North Carolina, at a public meeting held in tho town of Charlotte, In August, 1775, declared that "It throw off forever all allegiance to tho Brit ish ciown." It was not long after this that North Carolina Instructed Its dolegates to tho continental congress to vote "ilrst, last nnd always" for tho Independence of tho united colonies. It must bo said that many historians doubt tho authenticity of tho Mecklenberg declaration. Tho congress tlint was to declaro America freo convened In Philadelphia, nnd In n general wny discussed tho matter of tluowlng off tho yoke. Richard Henry Leo of Virginia Intro douced this resolution: "Moved, That these united colonies are, nnd of right ought to be, frco and Independent states, and that all po litical connection between us nnd Great Urlt alu Is, nnd ought to bo, dissolved." John Adams of Massachusetts seconded tho motion, but tho nameB of both mover and bee onder were omitted from tho record, because It was tho belief that If tho Hrltlsh authorities got hold or them as prisoners they would stretch hemp without n trial. Ilefore the ills cubslon of tho resolution congiess adjourned nnd came together again In June, when began the debate, perhaps tho most momentous In history. bo details of which, save in detached form, were never pre served. During n pnrt of the proceedings Don jamiu Franklin pre sided. In a letter written 20 years after tha debate ono of tho delegates said that when Benja min Franklin, after the signing, said: "Now, we must nil hnng together or we'll all hang separately." Harrison, who had n ready wit, looking nt his ample proportions, said: "If they drop us off at a rope's end somo of you lightweights will bo kicking and suffering long ufter I'm dono for." During tho time of the adjournment, the commit too which had been nppolnted to pre pare the declaration of independence choso Jefferson, tho youngest of their members, to write tho document, on tlio ground thnt he was "tlio best penman" In tho lot. Now, tho word penman In those days was sometimes used to denoto a mnn who expressed himself well on paper, and not necessarily a man who wrote a good hand Tho Kngllsh of tho declaration perhnps shows that the word was used with tho former significance, though some of Jeffer son's detractors have insisted that Tom Paino wrote tho famous document. The Declaration of Independence was read paragraph by paragraph to the assembled members. As a matter of fact, the most bril liant spenkers were opposed to tho tcsolutlon. Among those so opposed were Dickenson, Rob ert It. Livingston, James Wilson and Edwnrd Uutlodgo. It leaked out afterward that most of these men mnde speeches opposing tho sev ering of tho British bonds. Of threo of those who spoke In favor of independence It was nfterward said: "Jefferson was mi speaker; George Wyetli was sensible, but not clear, and Witherspoon was clear, but heavy." It has always been believed that Richard Henry Leo said, In standing for the nbsoluto Independence of his country: "Why still delib erate? Why, sir, do you longer delay? Lot this happy day give birth to an Amoricnn re public. Let her arise, not to devastate and conquer, but to re-establish tho reign of peaco and law. Tho eyes ot Kuropo nro llxed upon us; slio demands of us a living example or freedom that mny oxhlblt a contrast In tho felicity of tho cltlzon to tho over-Increasing tyranny which desolates her polluted shores. If we aro not this day wanting in our duty to our country the names of the Amoricnn legisla tors of 1770 will bo placed by posterity at tho sido of Theseus, of Lycurgus, of Romulus, ot Numu. of the threo Williams of Nassau, and ot all those whose memories have been nnd for ever will be dear to virtuous men nnd good citizens." Just how Lee's speech leaked out was uot known, but It led to a somewhat remarkable scene in tlio Kngllsh school of St. Hoes. Lee had a son, a mere boy, n pupil in St. Bees. A member of a board of vlaitots to tho Institu tion aslwd the head master who the boy was. "Ho is the son of Richard Henry Loe of America." was the answer. Or MD-P-S0C- AS PRESERVED -"Hn"ua "C o m o here, young man," said tho Inquisl tor, nnd w lion Loo approached the English man said to him: "Do you kno w wo will soon lmvo your father's head on Towor hill?" "You may have It when you can get it," was tho boy's spirit ed answer. John Dick enson of nl though he had been ono of tho fore most advo cates of resistance to tyranny, spoko forcibly against the adoption of tho declaration. It may bo that his wife's, "Johnny, you'll bo hanged," was still on his mind. Ho was ono of tho best speakers In tho congress, nnd tho friends of liberty feared tho effect of his argu ments. The gist of what ho said was yenrs afterwards made public, and, whllo Dickenson feared simply that the time had not yet como for tho declaring of tho country's Indepen dence, and was In reality a patriot at heart, his memory has suffered for tho stand ho then took. When Daniel Webster delivered his pano gyric of Thomas Jefferson and John Adams ho drow a verbal picture ot that scene In the continental congress when tho Declaration of Independence wns under discussion. Ho know tliu thread of Dickenson's dlbcourso as It had been Imputed to htm, nnd though Webster mentioned no name, his amplification of Dick enson's words will probably stand forever as containing the essence of tho opposition of tho colonlnl legislator to tho taking ot a ilrm stand for his country's freedom. Dickenson's speech, as It has como down, runs in pnrt n3 follows: "Let us pause. This step, onco taken, cannot bo retraced. This resolution, once passed, will cut off all hopo of reconciliation. If success attend tho arms of England wo shall then bo no longer colo nies, with charters and with privileges; theso will nil bo forfeited by this act, and wo shall bo In the condition of other conquered peoplo at tho mercy of the conquerors. For our selves, wo may bo ready to run tho hazard, hut are wo ready to carry the country to that length? Is success so probnblo as to Justify us? Whore is the military, whoro the naval powor, by which we aro to resist tho wholo strength of tho arms of England, for slio will oxort that strength to tho utmost? Can wo rely on Jho constancy and perseverance of tho peoplo, or will they not act as tho peoplo of othor coun tries lmvo acted, and, wearied with n long war. submit in the end to a worse oppression? "Whllo wo stniid on our old ground nnd In sist on redress of grievances wo know wo nro right, and arc not answerablo for conse quences. Nothing, then, can bo imputed to us. But if we now clinngo our object, enrry our pretensions fnrther and set up for nbsoluto in dependence, wo shall loso tho sympathy of mankind. Wo shall no longer bo defending what wo possess, nnd which wo have solemnly and uniformly disclaimed all intention of pur suing from tho very outsot of tho troubles. Abnudolng thus our old grounds of rcslstanco only to arbitrary acts of oppression, tho na tions will believe tho wholo to hnvo been mora "voteiiso, and they will look on us not as In- PVUAA7 mfEJG, CU6T0DJAN Jurcd, but as ambitious, subjects. "I shudder berore this responsibility. It will bo on us If, relinquishing the ground on which wo have stood so long, and stood so safely, wo now proclaim Independence nnd carry on war for that object, whllo theso cities burn, these pleasant Holds whiten and bleach with the bones of their owners, and these streams run blood. It will bo upon us; It will bo upon us If, falling to malntnin this unreasonable and Ill-judged declaration, a sterner despotism, ninintnlnod by military power, shall bo established over our posterity, when we ourselves, given up by nn exhausted, n harassed and misled people, shall have expiated our rashness and ntoned for our presumption on tlio scaifold." It Is a fnlrly well established ract that ono ot the delegates, lacking a prepared speech of his own, quoted from Tom Palno's pamphlet, "Common Sense," which somo months boforo had created a sensation. Tom Paine, as Is well known, was an atheist, but that made little difference to the delegate, who was said to be a pious Puritan, when ho had a chanco to lot his feelings go ripping through sentences like theso: "It matters very llttlo now what the king of England either says or does; he linth wickedly broken through every moral anfl humnn obligation, trampled naturo and con science beneath his feet, and by a steady and constitutional spirit of insolence nnd cruotly procured for himself n universal hatred. It has been reported thnt John Witherspoon of Princeton, stanch orthodox Presbyterian, wns tho man who quoted thus liberally from Tom Paine, atheist. Somo years afterward tho Scotch dominie, it Is said, wns tnken to task for quoting Paino, and reverend John said, if tradition may be believed, that tho devil's pitchfork was nono too bad a weapon to uso In prodding John Bull out of tho country. It was left, however, for John Adams to make the great speech that hi ought to tho side of thoso favoring Independence nil tho wnvorlng ones, nnd strengthened In their posi tion thoso who stood for tho signing of tho declaration. What Adams said was given la substanco to tho world when there wns no longer any danger of his being hanged for his utterances. Daniel Webster lent his own elo quence and something of his diction to his In terpretation of Adams' discourse, which, on tho eventful dny, It may bo truly said won for tho country tho declaration of indepen dence. Adams' powerful and electrifying speech wns in part as follows: "It is true, Indeed, that In the beginning wo nlmed not at inde pendence. But thoro's a divinity which shnpes our ends. Tho Injustice of England has driven us to nrins, and, blinded to her own Interest for our good, sho hns obstinately persisted till liidependenco Is now within our grasp. Wo hnvo but to reach forth to It and it is ours. Why, then, should wo derer tho declaration? Is nny man so weak as now to iopo for a reconcllntlon with England, which shall leavo either safety to tho country and Its liberties or safety to his own life and his own honor? "I know thero Is not n man hero who wo .Id not rather see a genoral conflagration sweep over tho land or an enrthquako sink It than ono Jot or tittle of that plighted faith fall to tho ground. For myself, having 12 months ago In this plnco moved you that Georgo Washington bo nppolnted commander of tho forcos raised or to bo ralsod for dofenso of Amoilcnn liberty, mny my right hand forget her cunning nnd my tonguo cleave to tho roof of my mouth If I hesltato or waver in the support I gio him. "My Judgmont npproves this measure and my wholo heart is in it. All that I have and all that I am, nnd all that I hopo in this life, I am now ready hero to stnko upon it. I am for tho declaration. H 1b my Mvlng son tlmont, and, by tho grace of Goo. 1: shall bo my dying sentiment, Independence now and indopendenco forover." Tho 2d of July Is in reality Indopeiidenco dny, for on tills dato in tho year 1770 a ma jority of tho dolegates from each colony votod for tho declaration, Two days lator tho docu mont wns signed nnd went Into effect, and from that day to this, In fuHlIlmont of John Adams' prophecy, tho day has been celebrated "with pomp, parade, games, sports, guns, bells, bonfires, and lllunilnntlon from ono end of tho continent to the ether." Youth (at a bun emporium) I say, you know, this milk Is sour. Sweet Thing Well, thero's plenty of sugar on tho tablo, ain't there? Hypothetical. "Let me," snid tlio stranger at the baseball gate, "ask you a hypothetical question." 4' Go ahead." "Supposing that I had ten cents, nnd desired to witness nn exhibition of tlio manly sport Inside the en closure, the price being 25 cents; and supposing that I were to approach you Tor 15 cents necessary to fruition of my hopes, what would you say?" "That's easy. I'd say: 'Lend me tho 10 cents as I have Just 15 myself, and am a rabid fan.'" Thus, after all thl3 subtle eloquence, there wns nothing doing. Laundry work at homo would bo much more satisfactory If tho right Starch were used. In order to get tho desired stiffness, it is usually neces sary to uso so much starch that tho beauty and fineness of the fabric is hidden behind a paste of varying thickness, which not only destroys tho appearance, but also affects tho wear ing quality of tho goods. This trou ble can bo entirely overcomo by using Defiance Starch, as It can be applied much more thinly becnuso of its great er strength than other makes. That's a Reason. "Take off your coat, Herkimer," snid the boss, in kindly tones, ns ho directed the electric fan a little moro 1 toward himself. Herkimer Hoskins blushed furi ously. "Thank you, sir," ho said, "but er tho fact is my wife makes my shirts." Tho extraordinary popularity of fine white goods this summer makes tlio choice of Starch a matter of great Im portance. Dcflanco Starch, being freo from all injurious chemicals, Is tho only ono which Is safe to uso on flno fabrics. It great strength ns a stiffen or makes half tho usual quantity of Starch necessary, with tho result of perfect finish, equal to that when tho goods wero new. Gratitude Poorly Expressed. An old woman was profuso In her gratitude to a magistrate who had dismissed a charge brought against her. "I thought you wouldn't bo 'ard on me, your worship," she remarked, as she left the dock; "I know 'ow olten a kind 'art beats boind a ugly face." Not Noticeable. Llttlo Moso Lamblack Do teacheh done sent me home, mammy, 'cause you didn't wash mail face. Mrs. Lamblack (angrily) You fool chile, whrtt fo' you done tolo her 1 didn't? Illustrated Sunday Magazine. Scoring a Point. "I thought Jenks had niado a mis take In that sk,"y, so I Just nailed him down." "Well?" "And found, as I expected, that ho was on the wrong tack." Nebraska Directory Velie Wrought Iron Vehicles Will Not Wear Out. InnlBt on having them nsk jmir looiil ileuloror JOHN DEERE PLOW COMPANY. Omaha Sioux Fall Lightning Rods-fti, w ri-HteiH for telo- plumes. Protects forover. Tlio ueHt. W. C. SHINN, - - Lincoln, Nebraska TYPFWRITFB3Q M-. .." MAKkS ; tuHMfrnprliti. Itenti or tlmuiwy. liii-nu. Ill nti-il. rant npiillin. Wrrhlp jaiiyw lioru for fnxi uiamliiMlnn. .Vxlu. I"- - - " ... it . in. mirr 1 1 Hmii.i,n ( ii ,1 JHto.Mloj.il III l ,UMik. M. Spiesberger & Son Co. Wholesale Millinery OMAHA, NEB. i iU The Best In the West REBUILT TRACTION ENGINES nt Imrcnln nrlces. Write "T.llHt. LINIGER IMPLE MENT CO., Omaha, Neb. Soldby'tliellMtDoalcni. Wo III vend to tiill and twiifrmmrfieliit oU5etK.lu Ktatnjui, a lMnrli, Iwd innplo, ImiHH ciUfd rule. JOHN Q. WOODWARD &CO."Tho Contlv Men"CouncllBluffs, la. Beatrice Creamery Go. Payx the highest price for CREAM RUPTURE Of nil vn- rletlFH per-limit-lit U cured In n fewdnyH without n nureicut operation or detention from IniHlnuHH. No pny will lj aeeepted until tint patient In (ompletely Hiitlxllrd, Write or cull on FRANTZ II. WRAY, M. D. Room 30B Bee Uldg., Omaha, Neb. v i u V I