Nebraska Newspapers

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The Chief
C. B. HALE, Publisher
RED CLOUD,
NEBR
NEWS IBIME
RECORD OF THE HAPPENINQ8 IN
ITEMIZED FORM.
HOME AND FOREIGN NEWS
Information Gathered From All Quar
ters of the Civilized World and
Prepared for the Perusal
' of the Busy Man.
Foreign.
' Reports stnto than King Mcnclik of
Abyeslnln Is again In a sorloiiB condi
tion from angina pectoris. Tho re
ports further say Hint Empress Tol
tou, who Is greatly opposed fo for
eigners, is taking ndvantngo of tho
klng'a Illness to bring about the with
drawal of concessions to Europeans.
Tho nnnual budget to tho Mexican
national congress carries more than
$3,000,000 for a new national theater,
$4,000,000' for educational purposes,
$11,000,00 for improving Irrigation fa
cilities nnd tho water system of tho
fedeial district, and $1,000,000 for n
monument to commemorate the one
hundredth anniversary of Mexican In
dependence next year,
Tho latest Intelligence from Ger
man Southwest Africa says tho dis
coveries of diamonds at Ludcrltz Ray
ii ro more Important thnn was at first
supposed. Diamonds hitherto have
been picked upon tho sandy desert,
hut attempts to horo for water 'ed
to the finding of bluo earth pockets
containing diamonds similar to tho
Klmberley and other South Africa
stones.
Wool growers of 'Mexico have re
duced considerably their shipments of
wool to tho United Stntos becauso of
tho duty. Most of the produce Is go
ing to London, where, they declare,
tho price is just as good and tho
duty not so high.
An option on 100,000 acres of land
near t'oatzaconlcos has been given
A. K. Daniel, n Cherokeo Indian, who
represents a Inrgo compuny engaged
in colonizing its Indians from Okla
homa. A speclnl dispatch from Teheran
says thcro Is no doubt that a great
trngedy Is closo at hand. If Tabriz
holds out agalnBt tho Invnders, the
dispatch says, thousands must dlo of
starvation. If Tabriz falls probably
tenti of thousands will be massacred.
Tho rest of tho country, however,
looks on with traditional eastern
apathy.
Tho newspapers of Paris show
genuine nlnrm nt tho violent charac
ter of tho speeches dollvered nt tho
workhigmen's meeting held under tho
nusplces of tho revolutionary labor
organizations to formulate a plan of
campaign ngulnst tho government.
The Spanish cabinet has decided
to Intrnduco In tho cortcs a bill grant
ing general amnesty to political of
fenders. A. G. Vonderbllt wan successful in
tho French horso show, winning tho
first prlzo for a coach and four.
Domestic.
David Anderson will hnng in Chi
cngo April 23 for tho murder of Po
' Ilceman Michael Cnllaghan, tho su
preme court denying Anderson's peti
tion for a rehearing.
In discussing piano for the reorganl
ration of the Chicago Great Western
railroad, President A. H. Stlcknoy said
they wero merely tentntlve. Asked if
ho Intended to continue as president
of the road after tho next unnuul
meeting ho said: "I expect to retire
from uctlvo railroad work and take
life easy."
Tho lower Texns houso passed tho
hank deposit guaranty bill.
Tho Thomas motor car, which is
acting as a pathfinder for tho Now
York-Senttle run, i cached Topekn.
Fire destroyed tho wood-working
plnnt of Henry Oaua & Son, Mnnufac
turlng company or St. Louis, and
caused a loss of $12.1,000.
The city council of Santn Fo passed
an ordinance closing all saloons In
tho city nftor December 31, 100!). In
the monntinio tho license feo will bo
doubled.
Governor Hughes' recommendation
that the telephone nnd telegraph com
panies of Now York bo placed under
tho Jurisdiction of the public servlco
commission wnu rejected by tho as
sembly. Tho condition of Former Secretary
of the Interior Hitchcock and Former
Rcpresuntntlvo Joseph W. Unbcock
of Wisconsin, who havo been herlously
111 for several days, Is reported to bo
unchanged.
Just as Mrs. Georgo Gulliver of
Osage, la., had started In search of
her aged mothor sho was horrified
to seo her plunging to tho ground
from a llfty-foot wind mill to her
death. Mrs. J. C. Pierco was hoventy
live years old and had been ill boveral
, mouths.
A petition for a rehoarlug was de
nied by tho supremo court in the cabo
in which William A. Unrtlott and oth
ers asked for a writ of mandamus
In tho circuit court of Cook county,
compelling tho mayor of Chicago to
, closo the saloon of Michael Kcnna oil
'Sunday.
Judge Wright, n well known char
acter, who was formerly a Judgo in
Arkansas, died at Lothbridgo, Man
itoba. Tho body of Ross A. Frccmnn of
Brooklyn, a freshman nt Syracuse uni
versity, was found nt tho bottom of
tho swimming pool in tho gymnasium.
At tho annual meeting of tho board
of directors of tho Missouri, KansnB
& TexaB Railway company Adrlnn II.
Joltno of New York was re-elected
president of tho rond nnd A. A. Allen
of Dallas, Tox,, was re-olectcd vice
president nnd general mnnngor.
Tho Grand Trunk rollwny put Into
effect tho now, law requiring it to pro
vldo third class accommodations for
travelers between Montrcnl and Tor
onto at a 2-cent a inllo rato.
II. B. Chamberlain, vice-president
of the Erlo railroad, In charge of
trafllc, resigned.
Internnl rcvenuo officers hnvo seized
nine thousand barrels of liquor nt tho
Cascado distillery near Tullahoma,
Tonn.
Samuel T. Stevenson, former finan
cial uocretary of typographical union
No. 17 of New Orleans, plendcd guilty
to embezzling tho funds.
Among tho cities of Texas that arc
electing municipal officers nro Austin,
Dallas and a number of others that
aro tinder tho commission form of
city government.
Two thousand operatives of tho
Naumkoag Cotton company wero
gladdened by tho announcement that
wages would bo advanced about five
per cent. In April, 1908, tho wage
scale was reduced 10 per cent.
J. W. Schwaub, a civil engineer of
Chicago, committed sulcldo on a
Michigan Central train near Kalama
zoo, Michigan.
Whllo backing out of her dock on
her departuro for Harve, tho steamer
La Touralno disabled her port englno
nnd was compelled to anchor off St.
George, Statcn Island.
Mathlas Manncs, a forcmnn in tho
Central avenuo barns of tho Toledo
Railway and Light compnny, Bhot nnd
badly wounded llulda Klcver und then
killed htmsclr.
On tho Joint ballot for United
States senator in Illinois, Hopkins re
ceived Boventy-flvo votes, sjxteon
short of an election.
Tho international balloon raco for
the James Gordon Dennett cup will bo
held on Octobor 3 Instead of October
10 as previously announced.
In tho courso of an address to grad
uates of tho Cincinnati veterinary col
lege, Dr. C. A. L. Reed of Cincinnati
said ho was authorized to announco
that President Tnft would do all in
his power to havo established a na
tional bureau of public hoalth.
Tho largo furniture warehouses of
tho Harry Johnson company and tho
John Brcuncr company of San Fran
enco, together with their contents,
wero completely burned. Tho loss
will exceed $100,000.
Taking of preliminary testimony In
ho government suit against the al
leged powder trust has been com
pleted. Tho henring of tho caso will
bo resumed In tho United States cir
cuit court at Wilmington, Del., April 5.
Washington.
According to n request from tho
governor of Mississippi, tho navy de
partment consented to fixing Juno 1,
instead of May 15, ns tho dato for
the presentation of tho silver Bcrvlco
to tho battleship Mississippi by tho
stuto of Mississippi.
Tho committee amendments to tho
Payno tariff bill providing for froo
tea and removing the countervailing
duty on coffee wero "adopted by tho
house.
A winter wheat averago of 82.2 per
cent of normnl against fll.3 a year
ago and rye nvcrage of 87.2 against
80.1 a yeur ago wero announced in
tho report of the department of agri
culture. Judge Meyer Sulzberger of tho court
of common plenB of Philadelphia, an
eminent orlentnl scholar, haa been
offered and declined tho ambassador
ship to Turkey preferring to remain
on the bench.
President Tnft sent to tho senate
tho nominations of Judge Rlchnrd E.
Stono of Prcscott ns governor of Arl
zont, vlco KIbboy, whoso term expired,
and Georgo J. Young of Prescott as
territorial secretary of Arizona.
Tho president withdrew tho nom
ination of WlUI-am G. Wheeler to ho
United States attorney for tho Chi
cago & Northwestern railway in
Wisconsin.
Reassuring advices reached tho
sinto department from Bogota, tho
capital of Columbia, where rioting of
a serious character has been In pro
gress. Tho city is anld to bo again
entirely quiet.
Contrary to expectations, tho su
premo court did not render lta
decision in the cuso Involving tho con
stitutionality of tho commodities
clauso of the Hepburn rato law of
190G.
Ambassador O'Brien at Toklo will
remain at that post. Former Secrotary
of Commerce and Labor Oscar Straus
will bo appointed to somo other omJ
hassy. Senators Smith and Burrows of
Michigan requested tho rotentlon of
Mr. O'Brien. t
Before snlllng for Europo on Wed1
nesday. Former Secrotnry of the Navy
Newberry accepted tho ofilco of vlco
presldont of tho navy lenguo or tho
United Statos, succeeding William Mc
Adoo. Genornl Horace Porter, ox
ambassador to France, is tho prosl
dent.
Recognizing that Brnzli Is powerless
to suspend her export tax on cofTeo
bccniiBO ror tho noxt jsoverul yearH this
tax Is indlssolubly linked with her
foreign debt, tho senato conraltteo on
finance decided to strike out of tho
Payno bill tho countervailing dutv
I pon'osed.
DISPOSES OF BILLS
ALL IN OOVERNOR'8 HANDS FIN
ALLY ACTED UPON.
TWO GENERAL BILLS VETOED
A New System of Fees In District
Clerk Offices Throughout Nebraska
Now In Effect.
Tho last of tho hills in his hands
wero disposed of by Governor Shnl
Icnberger last week. Besldo tho two
general bills which ho vetoed, ho
signed eight remaining, vetoing out
of tho mnlntcnnnco appropriation bill
Horns totaling $73,000.
Theso Included two duplicate appro
priations ror experiment atntlons In
tho western portion or tho Btate
which arc provided for In special ap
propriation bills alrendy signed. The
principal veto mndo wns thot of two
items providing a total appropriation
of $10,000 for tho proposed state his
torical society building at Lincoln.
The total appropriations for tho
coming blennlum will nmount to $3.
007,023.14, an Increase over those or
tho pnst blennlum or about $400,000.
This is less than the estimated ox
penBCB of tho state aa tabulated by tho
state auditor by $1,300,000, and is
within tho estimated receipts of tho
state for tho blennlum by at least
$2,000,000.
Tho estimated receipts have been
placed at $G,CG4,000 in round num
bers, nnd tho present legislature has
enacted laws which will bring In
revenue to tho state in various
amounts to total nt least $250,000.
Tho King bill for levying an occu
pation against corporations will bring
In upwnrdB of $150,000. Tho additional
bank examinations required under tho
banking law will double tho fees from
that Bourco. Tho now oil Inspection
bill Increases those fees. Another
large source of revenue Ib contained
In tho bill creating n state firo com
mission, which provides for a tax of
one-half of 1 per cent on the gross
premiums of firo iiiBtiranco companies.
Putting the clerk of tho supremo
court nnd tho TIbbets bill providing
for an Increased fee from foreign cor
porations which maintain resident
agents, bring In BtlU more revenue.
Of tho increases shown In tho ap
propriations this yenr the necessary
additional salaries for Judges of the
supremo court, tho additional amount
given tho university and the money
expended in normal schools and for
additional equipment nt tho present
normals, together with tho extra ap
propriations for aid to weak school
districts and normnl training In high
schools, mnko up moro than the In
crease over two years ago.
In vetoing tho $40,000 provision for
n state historical Boclety building tho
governor snld:
"I think there aro two good reasons
for not signing it. One Is that the
state Is much moro In need of a new
cnpltol than of such n building ns the
ono contemplated. The other Ib thut
I do not consider It good business to
attempt tho construction of a $000,
000 building with small appropriations
like $2G,000. Tho present cap! tol, I
am Informed, cost between $300,000
and $400,000, and the historical build
Ing Is designed to cost nearly twice
as much. In my opinion It would ho
better to put tho money Into a wing
of ,n new cnpltol."
Signs Pure Food Law.
After consulting with tho attorney
general as to Its provisions, tho gover
nor finally signed house roll 480,
which nmends tho present puro food
law in the matter of stamping net
weights. The governor had hoped
that an opinion or the supremo court
would bo handed down in the Swift
caso with reference to tho branding
provision or the law or two years ago,
but this may not come ror another
two weeks.
Tho chief point involved In that
caso from the standpoint of the pack
ers was tho question as to whether
th'olr hams, wrapped In papers, could
properly bo designated puckages. If
tho decision hinges on this point
alone, Ittlo light would be thrown upon
tho mooted question with reference to
the law itself.
The governor Ib not at all satisfied
with tho provisions of tho now law. Ho
'said that so far as he could bco thoy
woro Just about as ambiguous as the
Btatuto ror which they aro substituted.
First Municipal Bonds for State.
Stato Treasurer Brian contracted
for his first municipal bonds as an in
vestment for tho permanent school
fund. Tho hondB were issued by tho
city of Albion ror the erection or n
city hall and for tho construction of
an electric light system nnd amount
ed to $18,000. Thoy will not tho stale
4Uj per cent Interest. Tho bonds nro
optional at tho end or tho yenr. They
nre considered n good Investment Tor
stato money.
Chosen Secretary.
E. O. Simmons was chosen secro-
tnry of tho Stato Board of Irrigation
by tho board, composed or Governor
Shallenberger, Land Commissioner
Cowles nnd Attorney Genornl Thomp
son. Ho received tho votes or Gov.
Shnllenborgpr nnd Attorney General
Thompson, whllo Mr. Cowles uited
for Adnn Dobson, who for eight yearn
bus held tho position, Mr. Simmons
formerly lived In Central City, where
twonty-flve years ago he wub principal
of tho public hcIioois. no also served
as county surveyor of Merrick county.
FEEO IN DI8TAICT COURT.
New Order of Arrangements Wll.
Greatly Simplify Matters.
A new system of fees In tho district
clerkB office went into effect Wednes
day, every county In Nebraska being
affected by the bill which was signed
by tho governor. Tho new order of
affairs will greatly simplify matters
and will onnblo tho county commis
sioners through comptroller or nudltor
to know each day what and where tho
clerk's offlco stands. The fees here
after charged litigants will bo as fol
lows: Docketing cause, $2.50.
Filing petition, answer, cross-petition,
petition In Intervention, Inter
pleader, Indictment or information,
$2.50. ,
Filing amended or substituted plead
ing, domurrer, motion, affidavit, tran
script for appeal, reply or other paper
not othorwlse provided for (exccj.t
praecipes, depositions, mandates, re
ceipts for fees, exhibits In foreclosure
cases nnd files from lower courts In
appeal cases), each 50 cents.
Entering names In genornl Index
and doing all necessary Indexing, ench
nnmo 25 cents.
Issuing, filing and entering return
of summons, subpoenn, order of at
tachment, order or replevin, notice, ci
tation, commission, warrant, writ,
cnplas, order or arrest, or other
mesne or final process not otherwise
provided for, $1.
Issuing order of injunction, man
damus, restraining order or other or
der of court, 300 words or less, $1.
And lor 100 words or part thereof
additional, 10 cents.
Taking, filing and recording bond,
undertaking of recognlznnce, Includ
ing Justification of sureties, $1.
Issuing execution or vendl entering
return nnd filing papers return nnd
filing papers returned by sherlfr, $2.
Issuing order of sale, entering re
turn and filing papers returned by
sherlfr, $5.
Impaneling Jury, administering
onths, filing Instructions nnd excep
tions thereto, Jury and witness lists
and verdict to be paid by the plaintiff
before Jury Is impaneled, $3.
Filing, docketing nnd indexing
transcript of Judgment, for Hen from
other court, $1.
Tnklng acknowledgment of deed
or other instrument, 50 cents.
Tnklng affidavit, administering oath,
certificate or seal not otherwise pro
vided for, each 25 cents.
Making complete record for each
100 words, 10 cents.
Making transcript or copy or re
cords, filings or any other papers Tor
first 100 words, 25 cents.
Each 100 words additional, 10 cents
Provided that no ree shall be
charged lor services rendered In any
habeas corpus case and thut all
rules, orders, procedlngs, findings,
Judgments nnd decrees of the court,
nnd all verdicts and special findings
of tho Jury, mandate and orders from
tho supreme court and from the fed
erat courts shall bo entered upon the
journal of the court, Indexed nnd
noted upon the docket, with charge,
ulso sheriff's returns.
Endorsed Daylight Saloon.
Lincoln typographical union, previ
ous to the governor's signing of tho
bill, ndopted the following:
"Lincoln typographical union No.
209, orgnnlzcd for tho purpose of fos
tering fellowship nnd brotherhood and
shield from aggression and temptation
the Isolated toller; to aid the destitute
and unfortunate; to develop and stim
ulate, by association nnd social, uplift,
sobriety and those kindred Instincts
or humanity, which most highly adorn
true mnnhood; to dorend tho weak
befriend the rrlendlaps nnd encourage
better citizenship nnd in nil charity
inculcate lessons or morality and
sobriety among men; applauds uny
steps toward tho curbing or the drink
hnblt, nnd especially endorses tho
provision or sonnte illo No. 203. Where
as Our motto Tor humnnlty 'eight
hours Tor work, eight hours ror rest
nnd eight hours for tho mnterlal 'ben
efit of the soul nnd body,' Is nppllc
able even to the drink habit and wo
applaud tho effort of tho Nebraska
legislature toward tho eight hour
day."
Changes in Sleeping Quarters.
Becauso of tho passago of tho pure
bakery law Introduced In the legis
lature by Senator Randall a lot of
people probably will have to rear
range their sleeping qunrters In this
state. Section 7 of the bill reads as
follows: "No person or persons shall
bo allowed to live or sleep In any
room of a bakery shop, kitchen, din
ing room, confectionery, creamery,
cheese, factory or place whore food if
prepared, used or sold." '
Signed by Governor,
Against tho protests or delegations
or Fremont people who fought the
hjll to n finish, Governor fihnllen
berger signed tho measure providing
for tho purchnso by tho state of the
Wayno Normal school and appropriat
ing $90,000 with which to pay ror It.
Fremont sent a delegation to urge the
governor not to sign the mensure.
Wnyno was equally active In Insist
ing that he approve It.
Mutual Hall Case.
A now turn In tho receivership case
or tho Mutual Hail Insurance socioty
hns developed In tho answers or n
number of defendant policy holders,
who clnlm that tho alleged fraud of
the officers of tho society Invalidat
ed tno whole nttompted organization
of the society, consequently that there
never wob any effective organization
nnd that tho policy holders cannot
bo held llnble for tho dobts of tho or
ganization. This claim Is mndo by
lilno Thurston county policy holder
who mo among tho 400 defendants.
E
HOU8E PA8SES PAYNE TARIFF
BILL BY 217 TO 161.
DUTY ON LUMBER RETAINED
Day Full of Excitement From Moment
Sesslcn Began Until the Finish
Majority Members Cheer
Result.
After threo weeks of consideration,
tho Payno tariff bill w.ib passed by
tho house of representatives Friday
night by n vote of 217 to 1G1. One
republican, Austin (Tenn.), voted
against tho measure, nnd four demo
crats, all from Louislann Broussaid,
Estoplnnl, Pnjo and Wlckllffe voted
ror it. An attempt by Champ' Clark,
tho minority leader, to recommit the
bill with instructions signally railed.
The day was filled with excitement
from tho moment the Besslon began at
noon until tho minute or adjournment.
Tho members were keyed up to the
highest pitch, and a prnctlcnlly
rull membership remained on duty
throughout. The final vote demon
strated tho capacity or the republican
organization to get together.
The situation with respect to lum
ber was greatly relieved to tho repub
lican leaders when it became manifest
that the advoctaes or the proposition
placing it on. the tree list were in tho
'minority. Becauso of that fact, Mr.
Fitzgerald (N. Y.), charged thot a
'midnight deal had been made tho
night before whereby free lumber was
to be voted down and the rates on
barley nnd bnrley malt increased and
this, notwithstanding the denials of
Messrs. Mann (111.) .and Cushmnn
(Wash.), who offered the barley
amendments.
The general public was greatly In
terested in tho proceedings and tho
galleries wero packed. Both tho dip
lomntic and executive reservations
likewise woro fully occupied. Mrs.
Taft being among those present.
When the bill actunlly was passed
tho republicans cheered lustllv, some
dancing np nnd down tho aisles and
patting their rellow members on tho
back.
Arter adopting a resolution that un
til rurther orders sessions shall bo
held only on Mondays and Thursdays,
the house at 8:20 p. m. adjourned.
Ex-Secretary Hitchcock Dies.
Ethan Allen Hitchcock, secretary of
the interior under President McKinley,
died Friday morning nt II o'clock,
aged 74. Ho had been critically ill
for several days. He contracted a
severe cold while I-.i tho west and his
condition heenme moro serious and
he hurried to Washington to place him
self in tho hands of specialists who
had attended him during his official
career. He Buffeted from a complica
tion or kidney, heart and pulmonary
diseases. He was confined to Ills bell
and constantly attended by his phy
sicians and trained nurses. With him
nt the home or his son-in-law, Lleuton
ant Commander Sims or tho nnvv, tho
former naval aide or the president,
wero his children, Mrs. Sims and
Mrs. Shepley, nnd his daughter, Miss
Mnrgaret Hitchcock.
Trust Plea Smashed by Government.
Tho government Friday met the
claims or tho Standard Oil company
thnt It has been owned by one group
or men continuously by filing a list, or
3.300 shareholders or that corpora
tion's stock. Tho larger interest Is
held by seven men, known as tho
"Standard Group,'" but many others
have holdings varying rrom ten to 500
shares each at a market vnlnn of
$900 apiece. Tho list was filed to
disprove tho contention or the derenso
that tho merger of tho cupltal Invested
'was simply a uniting of separate own
ership In tho "Standard Group" Into
a closer organization. By this tho
government claims to prove that,
through its manipulations, tho Stand
ard has diverted many millions or
dollars out or competitive chnnnela
Into combinations In restraint or trade.
Rich American Flee from Prohibition.
Commenting on the wave or prohibi
tion legislation now sweeping over tho
country, Richard Crocker predicted
thnt this course, ir persisted In, would
drive rich Americans abroad, where
more liberal views prevail. "Europe,"
said he. "can give us points on per
sonal liberty. Hero we stopped horso
racing, ono or the grandest sports
thoro Is. Wo class It as a crime. We
legislate ns to what and when a mnn
shall drink. The whole question will
rebolve Itseir to this: 'We'll make our
money horo, but will go to Europo to
enjoy it."'
Circus Elephant Klllu a Keeper.
"Tom," nn elephant In tho winter
quarters or tho "Yankee" Robinson
circus nt Ucs Moines, Iowa. Thuisday
night auddonly run amuck and, seizing
his keeper, Chnrles Bellow, hurled him
hl-gh Into tho air and then trampled
him to death beneatn his hoofs.
Find $10,000 In a Church Plate.
It was advorllsed In a Washington
paper Thursday that there had been
found In tho collection plato of tho
Roscoe Methodist Episcopal church,
after the .services last Sunday night,
n $10,000 bill and the church officers
think the donor made a mistake. Tho
yearly collections of tho church do
not averago much moro than that
amount, and the ofllrialB In tho a'llver
tlBcment any they will return tho
money to tho owner ir ho wants it
back nnd can provo ho Inadvertently
Uropuod It Into tho plate.
OS
A
THE CONVERSION
OF SAUL
Sunday School Lenon for April 18, 1909
Specially Arranged for This Paper
'
LKSSON TEXT.-Acts 0.1-19. Memory.
vcrsen. IS, 16.
QOt.DKN TKXT.-"He foil to the earth.'
ntul heard a voice saying unto him, Saul,
Haul, why pernecutest thou me?" Acts
9:4.
TIMi:. M JA, I)., according to HnntlnKs'
Tllblc Ulcttontiry. McOlfTert places Saul's
conversion In 31 (linnlly possible): llam
Bay, S3 j Thatcher, 24! Kendall, Lcwin, and
most earlier authorities, 37.
I'LAl'13. Near DnmriKcuH, tho capital
of Syria, 140 iiiIIph north of Jerusnlem. It
Ib Hltnateil tin two beautiful rivers, tho
Abulia and I'linrpur (2 KIiikh M'i).
Comment and Suggestlvr Thought.
We have now completed (he first
thiee divisions of our year's studies,
the growth or the church (1) in Jeru
salem, (2) In Samaria, (3) in all
Judea. The rest or tho year we shall
be occupied with Pnul, who was chler
ly Instrumental In extending tho
church over tho world. Let ub first
take a general view of this greut man.
He wns named Saul after tho first
king of the Hebrews. Paul, a Roman
name meaning "Little," camo to him
from his Roman citizenship, and wns
probably used from boyhood along
with "Saul." It first appears at
Cyprus, as he begins his missionary
journeys into mo Koman provinces oi.-
Asia Minor, where "Saulos" would
mean "Waddling," but "Pnulus"
would he a familiar and patrician
name. A very natural change.
Pnul was born in Tarsus, at the
northeast coiner of the Mediterranean.
It was the chief city of Cillcla, on the
CydmiB, ten miles from tho sea. Paul
tleclated It "no mean city" (Acts
21:30). It "stood before the world nt
the entrance to the greatest province
of tho enst as a metropolis, a free city
with n free harbor, mistress of a largo
and fertile territory." Hastings'
Bible" Dictionary. Ita university rivaled
thobe of Athens and Alexandria. It
was governed largely by philosophers,
some of the greatest of whom Paul
probably heard. Tarsus Is now "a
wretched town of the Turkish Btyle,
retaining not a trace of its former
splendor." Ramsay.
His parents (whose nnmes are un
known) were strict Pharisees, Jews of
puro descent, but Roman citizens, a
fnet implying distinction nnd wealth
(Phil. 3:5; Acts 23:G). Paul's "man
ners were those or a citizen or the
world, familiar with the habits or good
society." McGiffert. When Pnul be
came a Chilstian, he was probably dis
owned nnd cast off (Phil. 3:8); he was
poor, and supported himself by tent-
making. In Caesarea and Rome h
appeared to possess means and to bo
regarded ns a man or distinction, oR
that it is thought that ho had by that
time Inherited rrom his father's es
tate. He was educated as a strict Jew.' His
family nbhorred Grecian learning, and
would not. send Saul to tho University
of Tarsus, though his writings show
thnt he absorbed nuich or Greek cul
tuie. When a lad or twelve or thir
teen he was sent to Jerusalem (Acta
22:3; 5:34), where Ills teacher was
Gamnllcl, grandson of lllllel, tho last
or the famous Jerusalem rabbis. The
Jews called Gamaliel "tho Beauty of
tho Law," and generally revered him.
He seems to havo had a liberal spirit,
and thoro Is n tradition of his conver
sion to Christianity.
Paul said that his enemies snld of
hlmbclf (2 Cor. 10:10), that his "lodlly
presence" was "weak, and his speech
contemptible." Ho was probably short,
and had some personal defect, such na
limping, or weak eyes. At Ly&lrn,
however, he was compared to tho elo
quent and vlgoious god Mercury, and
he certainly had the power of com
manding mobs and of winning friends
even among tho most hostile.
Ho was deeply rellglouB, whole-
souled, ardent, energetic, persevering,
broad-minded, affectionate, lovable. Ho
yas gieat In more ways, probably,
than uny other mnn of human history.
Ho was a great traveler, a great au
thor, a great orator, a great organizer,
a great missionary, a great philos
opher. All of this genius was yielded
In absoluto consecration to Jesus
Christ. Ho la tho Moses of the New
Testament, nnd the two stand supreme
among men. Ho led tho Christian
church out from the bondage of n nnr
row' Judnlsm Into world-sympathies
and world-relationships, and so be
enmo the human fulfillment of the
highest thought of Christ for men.
Somu of the indications that Paul's
?yes never recovered their full vision
nro his fallui'o to rccognlzo tho high
priest when brought before him (Acta
23:5). The saying (Gal. 4:13-15), that
the Gnlaiitins "would have plucked out
their own eyes nnd given them to
him." Tho use of an amanuensis when
he was poor. Tho signing or his
epistles in "largo letters" (Gal. 6:11).
It Is prolmblo that this dimness or
sight wnu tho "thorn In tho flesh"
ngulnst which Pnul prayed fo rervent
ly (2 Cor. 12:7). It must have boon a
terrible handicap to a spirit so eager
ami active as his.
"Conversion" means "turning." It
implies turning rrom something, nnd
to something elso. Paul, as wo havo
seen, turned (1) from pride (Intel
lectual and spiritual) to lowliness, u
humblo following of Jobub and cooper
ntlon with other Christians; (2) fiom
violent opposition to Christ, to tho
boldest ami most porslstent testimony
for Christ; (3) from a life or authority
and ease, to a lire or persecution nnd
Buffering; (4) from tho emptiness of
worldly wisdom, to tho unfnlllng guld
,anco of tho Holy Spirit; (5) rrom tho
weakness or worldly power, to tho in
vluclblo strength of tho Spirit.
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