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About The Red Cloud chief. (Red Cloud, Webster Co., Neb.) 1873-1923 | View Entire Issue (Nov. 15, 1901)
IMnwNnrWW' -W.7 l444jW('KJj&$ Wfgy$iW S mmmvMM .. H &&e XOceKJy Panorama. wuvvue Id 3 vJ & I A bill has been prepared for sub mlBslon to Congress nt Its coming sea- Mlon providing that tho (lift dwellings of Colorado shall not bo destroyed by I niA r vnnilnl lam 1t t tttnt iknit nVtn 1 1 r'"" " TUllUUIiaill, Ullt. VUUk Ultjr OIHUI IF bo preserved for the benefit of scien tific Investigation in future years. Tho measures provides that the legion sur rounding these habitations of a pre- p historic raeo shall bo set apart nn n 5 national park, protected by tho gov s' ernment for the use and benefit of pos terity. Those marvelous relics of American antiquity, for centurios inaccessible to any but tho boldest and most tlrolcsa explorers, have at last been opened up by a little band of enthusiastic women. 5- The ruins have long been considered by archaeologists to be among tbo fln- est and most Interesting in the world fcand have stood almost unknown and wholly neglected in the Mancns can- E; yon of southwestern Colorado. On the rare occasions when they have been visited, except by ono or two parties of scientific explorers, it hue been by ' careless tourists and sightseers, who did not scruple to knock down walls and otherwise defaco tho ruins in their efforts to get and carry away Inter 1 estlng pieces of pottery and the relics valuablo only to science. These ruins wero opened and made nccesslblo to the public by the Colo rado Cliff Dwelling association, com posed of fifty women, and organized in the fall of 1899 by Mrs. Gilbert Mc Clurg of Colorado Springs, Col. In 1882 Mrs. McClurg. then Miss Virginia Donegho, a descendant of Edward A. Punning, who made the first anthro pological collection for Harvard and Yale, learning of the ruins of the cliff dwellings in the Mesa Verde, made an excursion to and explored the ruins at the risk of her lifo and under tho escort of United States troops. Appreciated Their Value. What she saw of them convincf d her that they wero of great scientific in terest to the world, and she resolved if possible to preservo nnd reclaim them from tho ravages of time and vandal marauders. For sixteen years he labored, never once losing sight of her object, and when In 1885 Bhc, with a party of friends, was beset and sf0! rfrHRra5 ' rt I .,.- -.. - t"V lutj.llkMU' II had to hide for days in the canyons from hostile Indians, when in trying to reach an almost inaccessible ruin she fell and nearly, lost her life. Al though alio suffered hunger nnd thirst, "weariness and danger, she did not de spair, but bravely kept up her efforts, eaylng that sho wanted other women to see tho ruins, but wanted no other woman to Buffer aB sho had done in the attempt. Finally in the fall ot 1899, gathering a few intimate friends about her, she organized tho Colorndo Cliff Dwellings association and set out to do a work which will make the association and its members remembered In the scien tific achievement ot their state. The first and greatest obstaclo which con fronted them was tho inaccessibility of the cliff dwellings. Located as they aro between thirty and forty miles from any railroad, over a rough, wild, unlnhubited country, tho cliff dwell ings could only be reached nt great cxpenso of time, strength and money and a long and exhausting Journey on horseback. To overcorao this obsta cle tho first object to bo attained was IWMAAAAV Kurfolt ot Good Thing-". A man at ,a country resort utters mis wall In tho fruit senson: "Ono Iwb to eat a dish of apples boforo breakfast (at which a basnet of plums Is served), a compoto of varied fruits yat 11 o'clock, then lunch (chiefly tomn foes. aalad and peaches) and eat nuts through tho afternoon lu plnco of 5 o'clock tea. At dinner a small Joint of some sort la necessary, but it can bo diluted with pens, beans, potatoes, Hr marrowa, leeks, artichokes nnd ono or two qthers in liberal quantities fol lowed by a blackberry tart and on ex- a wagon road. Hero again was n dif ficulty. Tho Mesa Verde is n part of the Uto reservation nnd the Indians objected to white men traveling over their lands. After much consideration thu association hit upon the project of leasing the Mesa Verdo from tho In dians nnd negotiations wore immedi ately begun. Mrs. McClurg, who had known the Uto chiefs nnd been known by them from n child, appeared before tholr council and, thrpugh an inter preter, laid before them her plans. The chiefs signed tho leaso giving tho as sociation the right to build and use n wagon road across their reservation In consideration of tho sum of $300 n year. A Wug-oa Kod Opened. This settled, tho work on the wagon road was immediately begun and though the association was small and badly hampered by lock of capital, It waB pushed rapidly forward until Sept. 1, when it wns considered sufficiently under way to warrant a formal open ing of tho wagon road to the Mesa Verdo and cliff dwellings. Tho pictures presented horowilh nro from sketches made by members of the party. All of the ruins aro Interesting to tho archaeologist In many respects tho ono known as balcony house Is tho best preserved and probably the most recently occupied. In contrast with tho surrounding dwellings, tho walls of this one aro smooth and oven and the stones well fitted together. Tho tower is straight, square and has three windows, tho lower of which, though now broken through, has evidently been of a T shape. Tho whole ruin suggests a strong and almost impreg nablo fortress. A small force of men could hold it against a vastly superior enemy. Balcony house is so called from a projection or balcony. It Is a rather narrow balcony, but was undoubtedly used to sit and rest upon. Like all the ruins in Cliff canyon, it is difficult or access and is filled with dry"dust and fallen walls. Oar Trade PoHlbllltle. China's present foreign trade does not amount to $1 per head, or $300,000,000, against less than $1 per head thirty years years ago. Multiply China's population conservatively esti mated at 350,000,000, by sc, and we have, as a reasonable esti mate of China's for eign commerce, when she shall be opened up and her government Improved llko that of Japan, tho magnifi cent total of 2,100,- 000,000 per annum. Tho imports, two-thirds ot which could bo supplied by America, would equal 11,000,000,000. This sum may not be realized for another generation, but It must surely be reached in the not remote future. John Barrett In Philadelphia Times. An inky lake. One of the Moit Peculiar Mjraterlee of Colorado. The most unusual curiosity In the strange, uncanny land by tho Colorado rivor Is what tho naturalists in Califor nia call n lako of ink. Tho scientific Journals In Los Angeles und San Diego hnvo discussed time and time again what the lako of Ink really Is. It Is a great pool ot black fluid that resembles black writing Ink more than anything else. It is about an acre in area. Tho surface of tho lako Is coated with ashes from tho volcanoes to tho thickness of about half a foot, and the explorer In theso parts who is not looking out for this freak of nature would be very apt to walk Into it Surveyors have found that tho lake Is somo thrco hundred yards deep in somo places, but no bot- WteWVWW haustiva cornucoplan desert of an en' cyclopedic character. A supper ot grapes breaks out about 11 and an other basket of apples is taken up to the bedroom to bo trifled with during tbo night. At ono fruit farm I stayed on they had rhubarb thrco times a day and had forty-two different ways of cooking it, but It becamo monotonous nfter five or six months, Similarly in partB of Sumatra nnd Borneo, where chickens are eaten at every meal, a chop bono Is treated llko a piece of Jewelry and put under lock nnd kev In a strong box und tho dogs o i 5?sivTtmtaiSatrtz. torn can be found in others. There is nothing but theory as to tho source of the supply of tho lake, but no ono Eecms to know what tho component parts of tho ncroA of black fluid. Tho Indians say it is composed ot tho blood of bad Indians who are suffering In their hell amid the volcanoes. Samples of the lake havo been brought to Yuma and Los Angeles for tests and exami nation. It Is good for common mark ing purposes. Cotton goods that havo been soaked with tho strange, black fluid keep tholr color for months, even whon exposed to the mm, and tho goods have a stiffness that is somowhat liko weak Btarch. A gallon ot tho lako fluid wns sent to tho Smtthsoninn In stitution at Washington the other day for annlysls. Diamond Cotter Meed Work. Tho South African war is causing starvation nmong the 200 men em ployed in Paris In the delicate work of cutting diamonds. Scarcely any dia monds como from Drazll or India now. Boforo the supply from the Capo ceased these men earned as much as 50 francs a week, out of which they hnve to pay their employers four francs a day for Implements and motive power. Two enrnts each of diamond powder and boort nro also necessary. ThiB coats 23f. 50c, and tho cutter's assistant draws another 12f., making altogether G9f. COc. At- present tho men who still havo work are earning about COf., which lenves them slightly over 20f. a week to live upon. A meeting of tho 200 has been held, nt which tho 12,000 cutters ot tho Amsterdam and tho 800 of Antwerp were represented. A gen eral striko wns unanimously voted, and all cutters who continue to work aro assessed five per cent of their earnings for the striko fund. ' Tronic line Telephone. Tho Italian government hns Just sanctioned the construction of two Im portant trunk lines of tclephono which will bring Europe a long step nearer to tho goal of a continental system of international telephones. Ono of these lines goes from Rome through Bo logna, Florence und Turin to Mount Cenls, where it Ih to be connected with the French line from Paris, by which means Romu will also gain communi cation with Brussels. The second new line blanches off at Milan for Chlasso, where It Joins the 8wlss system, with' which Vienna Is already connected and Berlin shortly will be. Tho four principal cupltals of tho continent, with their chief provincial cities, will thus shortly bo within "speaking dis tance" of each other, and as England Is already connected with Paris the con tinental network approaches comple tion, the next step will bo to find a common international exchange. Highest Altitude Poolble to Man. Tho reason, Signor Mosso tells us, why so few hnvo attempted the as cent of tho highest peaks on tho fnoo of tho earth is tho conviction that man cannot withstand tho rarefied air of these altitudes. "Heroism shrinks from auch prolonged Bufferings tiB those duo to lack of health." His own experiments and observations, how ever, give us tho assurance that man will be nblo slowly to accuatom hint self to tho diminished barometric pres sure of the Himalayas. "If birds," ho sayB, "fly to tho height of 29,000 feet man ought to be able to reach tho Bamo altltudp at a slow rate of prog ress." Penrson'o Magazine. Pike-' Peak Railroad. Capitalists of Colorado Springs havo organized a company to build an elec tric railway to tho top of Pike's Peak, at a cost of 1500,000 or more. Tho road will start from Colorado Springs or from somo station on the Cripple Creek Short Lino. Experiments show that electricity can be operated without trouble at tho altitude necessary, 14,143 feet. Tho Cog Road has heretoforo held tho field exclusively. refuso liver wings with contompt and cinmor ror garbage- for n change, Cliompugne In Herman-. Germany produces n very good qual ity of champagne. In 1900 2,045 tons valued at $547,000, wero exported. Dur ing tho same year tho Imports amount ed to double that quantity. Tho duty on champagne imported into Germany is 35 cents a bottle. This high duty has Induced mnny French firms to es tnbllsh plants ot their own within the German border. . Thanksgiving, though commonly re garded ns being from Its earliest be ginning n distinctively New England festlvnl and Puritan holiday, wns orlglnnlly nclthor. Tho flist New Eng land Thanksgiving wns observed by tho Popham colonists nt Monhcgan, In tho Thanksgiving scrvlco of tho Church of England, "diving God thanks" for snfo arrival and mnny other liberal blessings, says Mrs. Earlo In hor "Customs of Old Now England." Daya net npnrt for thanksgiving wero known in Europe boforo tho Ref ormation, nnd were In frequent use by Protestnnts nfterward. But the first Now England Thanksgiving wbb not n day of religious observance, but n day of recreation. Edward WIiihIow writing December 11, 1621, to n friend in Euglnnd, says: "Our hnrvest bo Ing gotten In, our governor sent four men out fowling so that wo might, niter a special mnnn:r, rejo ce together after wo had gathered tho fruits of our labors. Tho four killed as much fowl, as with n llttlo help beside, sorved the company nbout n week. At which times nmong our recreations we exercised our arms, many of tho Indians coming nmongHt us, and among tho rest their greatest king, Mnssasoyt, with somo ninety men, whom for throe days wo entertained and feasted, and thoy went out nnd killed flvo deer which they brought nnd bestowed on our governor, nnd upon tho captains and others." Ab Governor Bradford recorded thnt dur ing that autumn "besldo water fowln thor was great Btoro of wild turklcs," tho Pilgrims fared better at their Thanksgiving than their English cous ins, for turkeys weio not plentiful In England nt that date. Tho Indian visitors Jolnod In tho games. These recreations wero doubtless competi tions in running, leaping, Jumping nnd perhaps stool-box. Probably the wom en of tho colony had llttlo ttmo to Join in tho recreations as tho four women, with tho help ot ono servant, and a few young maids, had to pre pare and cook food for 120 hungry men. There Is no record of any spec ial religious service during this week of feasting. On February 22, in 1030, the first public thanksgiving (was hcjd In Boston by tho Bay State colony in gratitude for the safo arrival of ships bearing food nnd friends. On Novem ber 4, 1C31, Thanksgiving day was kept again In Boston. From thnt tlmo till 1C84 there wore at least 22 public thanksgiving days appointed In Mas sachusetts, Rhode .Island nnd Con necticut. People do not Bccm to havo celebrated Thanksgiving in tho early days. In Connecticut tho festival was not regularly obsorved until 1710. Thanksgiving was not nlways appoint ed In early days for tho same token W-W4JA4W mrrirrtTvrmm9r'?9TiTtr'Trt V A A m. i v yy j j H-.V HnhhV mv. .VM. ft. Among Uio "fads" to which English ladles of wealth, lelsuro and high o clal distinction aro addicted there aro few yielding tho fair devotees more genuine pleasure and satisfaction than tho business of breeding nnd rearing cats, tho specialty of Lady Marcus Beresford. At hor homo at Blshams gate. near Egham, Lady Beresford has established what sho caljs her "cat erics," a word which fits the caso, per haps, as well as any other. Tho es tablishment is absolutely unique in every feature. Hero the happy and fortunato pussies llvo, move, an,d have their being nmld imrroundings fit for queens and princes. Ono feature of tho "eatery" Is a vine-covered cottage with tho rooms decorated ana supplied with everything supposed to bo need- ful for tho comfoit of tho most fasti dious of felines. There is a mall kitchen for cooking food, racks to hold tho white onamelcd bowls and 'plates used at feeding tlmo, and a largo book wherein Is Inscribed tho 'family history of members of tho es tablishment. By mnny men cats are regarded as n nuisance, If nothing worse, but by a specially fortunato cir cumstance Lord Beresford is deeply Interested In felines himself, nnd Is in thorough sympathy with his wife's hobby. Ho is ono ot tho presidents of tho London Cat Club, whoso annual exhibitions nro a popular featuro ot each recurring season, und eomo of tho prlzo-wlnnlng cats at these allows ov- SeaLts of Moriocrchs rv-i ch.. Great Britain has no distinctive and excluslvo throno. Instead, there are four tho wooden chair, with tho Blab of Scotcli stono, in Westminster Ab bey, which haB served as tho corona tion seat ot tho monarchs of this realm for soven centuries; tho sumptuous chair of stato In the House ot Lords; tho chair on which tho lato queen sat when holding n drawing room In Buck ingham palace, nnd tho gilt arm chair nt Windsor, In which tho coyerelgn alts to receivo letters of credence or rocall from foreign onvoyo, or accord audl enco to dusky potentates. The Czar of Russia is eveu more diversely throned. Each ot a dozen chairs of state ure nt various times of God's beneficence, nor wna It nl ways set upon Thursday nr for nny special season, but thu frequent ap pointment lu gratltudn for bountiful harvests finally mndo tho autumn tho customnry tlmo. When tho festlvnl of Thanks became annual It assumed many features of tho old English Chrtstmus. In tho year 1077 the first regular Thanksgiving proclamation wns printed. Neither chlnnwaro por oarthcnwnro was plentiful In early days, although earthenware Is men tioned In rarly Inventories. The table, furnishings consisted largely of wood en trenchers. Tho time when America wns settled was tho era when powter ware nnd n net of "garnlBh" ot puw ter was a source of great prldo to every colonial housokcopcr. A uni versal table furnishing was tho por ringer, which wns Usually of pewter. When not In uso theso were hung by their handles on the c.lge of tho drcts er shelf. Klertrlral KfTeot of Thunder Storm. F. Inrroque, in Comtcs Rcndus, states that, being nttractcd by tho pe culiar effect thunder storms nt n dis tance of mnny miles often have upon persons afflicted with certain norVous diseases long beforo any Instrument now In use indicates any atmospheric disturbance, It occurred to him that Hertzian wnvca emitted by thunder storms might possibly be transmitted over enormous distances through tho mlddlo and higher ntmosphor by oomo means analogous to relays. In order to test his idea ho constructed a re ceiver made of n horizontal platu of zinc 40 cm. in diameter, earthed, by n thin copper wlro containing n spark gap located in a dark cellar. With this devico, In June, 1901. ho made sev eral series of nocturnal observations. In ono of them tho manifestations co incided with tho blizzard in tho Gram plans, nnd in another with the thun der storm which on the night of Juno 18 was visible over Corsica, the sky being serene In both cnBca whero tho observations wero made. M. Lnrroquo polntB out tho importnnco of this char acter of meteorological observation, but ventures no explanation ot tho cause of the transmission of Hertzian wnves over such cnorinnus distances. Philadelphia Times. Uneiplulnalde. llattlc: "I wish I know some way to mako lots of money." Undo George: "Easiest thing in tho world, Hattlo. Go upon the stage, and when you re tiro after twenty-flvo or thirty years you can wrlto your luminescences for tho next halt century nnd get good money for them. I don't know why; 1 only know ydu would." Boston Trnn scrlpt. !.. !... .1... IT-ll.. m of the Fo.ua of Lr.dy V M&rcu- Bcreaford. . h v ery year come from Lady Beresford'a cat farm. Itevcreucu for School 'readier. "Lift your hat reverently when you pusB tho teacher of a primnry school," says old "Pap" Eckcr$. "Sho takes tho llttlo bantling freo from the homo nest, and full or his pouts ami pas sions, an ungovernnblo llttlo wretch, wh'oso own mother admits that sho sends him to school to get rid of him. This young woman, who knows her business, takes n whole carload of theso youngsters, half of. whom, single-handed nnd ulone, aro more than a match for their parontH and puts them in tho way of being useful nnd upright citizens. And nt what expense of toil and weariness. Here Is tho most re sponsible position in tho whole, nchool, nnd if her salary wero doublo sho would receivo icbb than alio earns." A Kansas Notn from Kansas City Star, Want More IteroBjnltlaii, "I wonders,' said Brother Dickey, "or Mister uoos won is gwine ter gtvo do culled raco any mo' rlckernltlon dan whnt doy been a'havin'7 Doy sho' needs it. W'y, I well erqualnted wld a member er my raco what voted do 'publlkln' ticket six times In ono elec tion, on dat man ain't uven got ono office ter his name! Now, ef dat's what doy calls rlckernltlon hit's mo' dan I kin Beo!" Atlantn Constitution, - i King Edward and Czar NloKolat HftVfl KAUAravl styled tnu Rueslun throne. The two most remarkably aro tho chairs ot Ivan tho Tcrrlhlo and tho ono In St. George's Hall of tho Winter Palace at St. Petersburg. The former is ot turquoises. In tho back alono there aro 10,000 of theao gema. Tho other chair is of costly woods, with ivory and gold, richly Jeweled, nnd embossed with tho Imperial englo. Tho seat Is of ormlno, und tho nrmn aro ivory tusks. Further caot, in Teheran, tho Shuh dlsplnyH himself on a white marble throne, looted fioro Delhi In 1739. II Is of Ivory, overlaid with gold, and ablaze with gems, its value being C3. tlmutod at over il 1,000,000, AN INFEOTED ANTITOXIN. U 1b unfortunnto that tho spread ot new methods ot fighting dlsoaso should bo attended by such Incidents as !aro ' tcportcd from St. Louis. Etoven chil dren, it is said, havo died of lockjaw1 after being Inoculated with nn antitox in for diphtheria, and other children nro In danger of death from tho sanw cause. Investigation has shown, ol course, thnt thorn is nothing Inherent lu tho puro antitoxin that could 1m hold responstHlo for tho lamontable re suits which In this caso followed It uso. Tho fault Ilea not with the' anti toxin Ksolf, which hns been proved to have great value, hut prububly with th persona who wero so careless, or B unfortunate, as to uso Borutn taken from n horso which shortly afterwarJi died of lockjaw and which was, there fore, Infected with tho dlscaso when Ik furnished tho serum. Mnny parents will now conceive t prejudice against tho uso of tho antl toxin for dlphthcrln. If tho child Is te bo safeguarded from ono disease -only to dlo nt onco of another, tho Inocula-1 tlon cnunot bo snld to be of much Val uo. The proceeding Is too much Ilk Jumping out of u problematical frying pan into an Indubltnblo llro. But oc- 'enslonnl accidents do not disprove the worth of tho remedy. Tho dlphthorla antitoxin will snvo ten times more lives than It destroys A roaaonablt view of tho matter will lead to lta con miuiou ubo wun greater precautions, WOLCOTT AND THE CAIINEr A .Republican from a wciitorV stater ,vho has long been a warm personn) menu or rrcsiucm itoomvcit, alter spending an hour with him 'the oth'eri day, snld to tho newspaper corrwyd ,cntB: " , "Do you know, I bellevo that the President meant to bo taken literally whon ho announced to tho country.Ofc- mod lately after McKlnlcy's death. B. O. WALCOTT. that ho should, In addition to carrying' out his politics on publio questions, re tain each member of tho Cabinet." This Is not by any means tho vlow taken by other Republicans, who think they nro pretty well posted on what la' going on In tho Presidents mind thesis days,- writes tho Washington corre spondent of the Chicago Inter Ocean. Tho moro general opinion is thnt, no matter how Bincorcly President Room volt's announcement was made, cir cumstances will so ahapo themselves after Congress has been made acquaint ed with tho new President's plans and purposes through IiIb first annual mes sogo, that Cabinet changes will be-inevitable. Among tho new names most frequent ly suggested for tho Cabinet Is ex-Senator Edward O. Wolcott of Colorado.' Failure of the Krle Canal The announcement has been mad that tho Cleveland Steam Canal Boat Company has Bold the steam canal boats and their consorts, which for several years past havo been maklnjt trips between Cleveland and New YorW city, via Lake Erie and the Erie canal, to a new corporation that has been formed to carry on tho lighterage busi ness In tho Philippine Islands, and tho .vessels of Its fleet nro to bo cut into sections for the .purpose of carrying; them In this form to Manila. Tho rea son for this change, given by the gen eral manager of the lino, Is that ltl Impossible to compete with the facili ties offered by tho competing steasat railway companies. .' , Foldlur, Blcyele. Both tho bicycle nnd automobile are mcoting with favor from tho army au thorities In Europe For scouting and tho conveyance of dispatches the bl- ,cycle is without a lva). belnr nolsl os st occupying h small space mil afford. Ing an 1h- sie-niftcant target to the rlflo fire of the foe. ' The wheer which wo Il lustrate wa Invented by Capt. Ger ard of the r rWAfiMimXr'ssa I vWfttirABlH4 rm i WtiSmtt jSBaHUv"' Pr o n o li v 'u, army, a . 'j J pan be fold- 'f ed up . aadt ' . . t,V carried W ,Z. ' . Tho framo la strengmened by a secoatl - Y' tubo running narallel with th : f t&l?P thus giving tho machUe gretrlgldl1Pr fi to4.roitffawH ( ii.-ur , l tiM. M.it w&i r-yMfi!urj9m