i I 9 I, 1 i i m hAMMAiJk S HAS A QUEER BELIEF. This Woman Believes That Dons Have Souls... ; w i?S'5fk'3S''y','!S'ifttRlir Mrs, Izorn C. Chandler, of Now York, iniltiter of dogs' pictures, nuttior nf stories about dogH, and lovor of these Intelligent anliinilH, Ih h firm be liever In the thoory thnt they have touts. "Yes, thnt Ih my conception." snlil Mrs, Chandler. "If dogs live up to tho uest cunlno ethics they will go to heuv oii Jimt as we, If wo llvo up to human cthlcH, will i;o to heaven. And I think thnt thi'lr heaven anil our heaven am tho samo. DogH anil human brlnxa arc too close friends hoto to ho separated hereafter." Mw. Chandler Iiiih a pot St. Hornnnl named Hex that died a few yearn ngo mid left n void In the world for her. "Heaven Is a state In which wo Hhnll all ho content," continued .MrH. Chand ler, "and I Hhoulil never ho HiitlHllod unless I met Hex there, anil I know ho would not hu content to follow another angel ahout, Tho Indian Ih Hiiro that tho tlrul object ho will hco when ho koch to tho happy hunting ground will bo his dog. And why Hliould ho not. It lio wus a Rood dog and lived according to hlH light? "Wo claim to he their superiors. In some respects wu aie, but wo can learn much from dogH. They Herve uh faith fully, they Hhow their grntltudo for tho HiuallcHt klndiuRH and their faith In uh Ih Hiibllmo. DogH feel love and hatred. They experience despair, they have patience that la nngelle, they know tho panga of JealoiiHy, and thoy Hhow a dcHlro to help and comfort that la moro than human. Man Iiuh a will. So havo they. Thoy aro capable of obedience, whether prcKeiit or absent from tho one giving the command. Thoy onduro Bolf-dcnhil for the object of their affection. I believe that tho MRS. 1ZOHA C. CHANDLHU. possession of all Micho indicates a soul and that all souls have a future state. " Mra. Chandler paints inlnnturcs ot men mid women uh wolj as those ot logs, hut the novelty of the dog inlna turo painting Iiiih made It n fad. Re cently Hho painted the heads of three French bulldogs belonging to ono ot Now York's fashlonablo women and received $300 for tho work. "Threo of Us," ono of Mrs. Chand ler's hooka about dogs, hns boon called tho "Hlnck Heauty" of tho dog world. It Is dedicated to tho memory of a pet dog she once owned, anil la full of tho author's pleasing belief In the Immor tality of our faithful dumb friends. ZANGWILU'S STOniES. Ilu Itt-riillii Di'llKlitrut ThWh nf Murrleil I. Iff. 'I was marrlid In Vcntnor, nt least ro I gathered from tho local news papers. In whoso visitors' lists rheto figured the entry 'Mr. and MrH. Zang will.' 1 do not caro to correct It be cause tho lady being my mother, U perfectly accurate anil leads to charm lug misconceptions. 'Tliero, that's he,' loudly whispered n young man, nudg ing his sweetheart, and thure's his wifo with him.' 'That! Why sho lboks old enough to bo his mother,' ropllodl the young lady. 'Ah!' snlij tho lover, with an air of conscious virtue and a bolter bargain, 'they're awful mercen ary, these literary chaps.' Tho ro verso of this happened to a young friend of mine. He married nn old lady who possessed a very largo for tuue. During tho honeymoon his so licitous attentions to hur excited the ndmlratloh of another old lady who passed her llfo In a Iiath chair. 'Dear me!' she thought, 'how delightful In these degenornto days to see a young man bo attentive to Ills mother!' and, dying soon nfter, left him tinoOior largo fortuuo." Philadelphia Press. WMITE-HOT UOLTS Brut Slnulit- TlirmiKli tlu Air by it l)ef TuUt or Hin WrUt. Tho passing of white-hot bolts from section to section of tho new Contin ental building, in coursoHif erection nt tlto corner or n.iltlmoro and Calvert streets, Is one of tho spectacles In con nection with tile setting of the steel for tho structure which helps en.tor tau tho great numbers who day nfter day congregate about this huayx vicin ity, says tho Ualtimoro American. Tllo bolts 'and rlVets necessary In Joining tho great sjeei glrdew are heated in portable forges, which, rUh tho at tendant, are plnced hlglj ty-ttho nlr on strong enough, but what bi$ from tho street; like very frail, ploform of boards. All about tho forgo the sot tors arjj t wonk placing tho bolts, and as oacli-'is riveted nuothor Is placed in position. Jt la tho irvotho(t by which tho bTazlng bolts get from tho forgo to ft ft to (ft I (4k A tho riveter that pupplles the spectacle a fascinating, and at time an alarming ono. Tho bolt Ih caught Hecurely In plnrorn, nnd by a dett twist ot tho wrist la Kent spinning thiough tho air In tho tlliectlon of tho men at work on tho Htriictuio, from live to ten feet away, and Homctlmcs farther. There Is a swirt, brilliant IIiihIi through the air, and then a shower of Hparks a.s the boll roaches Its distillation- tl.o bi.ttom of u bucket hold by one of tho workmen. Theie Is play for dexterity both In throwing and In catching the blazing metal, uml, while misses rarely, If ever, occur, still theie Ih a chance, and this chance gives est to the Interest of tho watchers on the sidewalk. The bolU In their comet-like Mights ordinarily piiHH from girder to glider, with open way through the skeleton Htructure bo low them, ho that a miss means that the hot uiotnl will come earthward at an alarming rate or speed, and with piobable dire results to one or more of the scores of men at work between tho Hky lino and terra Drum. The men, however, who tics this little turn have done it hefoio a few times, and theni Hchc.s and tho hundreds below them have period coullilence In their ability. PAID FOH HIS FISH. I In iv .Senator (Jimrlcw Vlctlmlril it I'ullotT Student. When Senator (Juarles of Wisconsin, u new man in public life, was a stu dent at Kaclno college, he had for a classmate a young man who was more attentive to the pleasures of llshini; than he was to his studies. lie alwayti relied upon Quarles to coach hi in at recitations. One of the requirements, was an original essay fiom each mem ber of the class once a fortnight. Tho piscatorial student had drawn on (Maries until that worthy thought It time to call a halt, and one tiny he re fiiHcd. Ills chum had a big fishing expedition on, and pledged earnestly for one more essay. "What do I get?" asked Quarles. "Half the Hah," was the reply. "All right." Bald quarles. "I'll help you out once more." On the afternoon for essays the fisherman student took his place, ami when he was called ho stood and rend In tho most solemn manner "Luclilcl's Warn ing." Ills voice never changed from start to finish . l.ochlel and the Wizard were one and the same to the reader. Tho class suppressed its laughter, see ing that tl s professor never changed a musclo. After the reading the profes sor asked: "Mr. A., do you wish the! class to understand that you offer this as original?" "Cortnlnly, sir. En tirely so." was the reply. "There Is a striking similarity between your paper and the poem of Campbell on the same subject. Have you ever read Camp- Ml?" "Which Campbell? l'homas Campbell, tho poet." "No, sir." "II you will como to my room after the class Is dismissed I will show you the poem." "You had bettor show It to .loo Quailes," s.ild Mr. A., who real ized by thlH time that he had been vic timized, and, turning to Qu.ulus, hr said: "If you get any fish today you pay for 'em; understand?" Skilful Australian Scouts. ivtuvwvtvwuuuvie In March, 1892, a great corroboroe, or mimic light, was held by two savage tribes of Australian aboriginals nt Poit Darwin, and It bocaino so realis tic that grave fears were ontortalncd that it might become a real Instead of a sham battle. Tho accompanying pic ture shows one of thu scouts, who, In leal warfaro, climb trees and keep a lookout for the enemy's reinforce ments. Hut thoy also provldo for ac tion lu tho treeless deserts. Armed with a polo about 20 foot long, ho scoops out a small hollow in tho gioiiud and plauta tho butt of his polo therein, afterwards asccudlng ll and balancing himself so skilfully that his SCOUT ON POLE, insecuro porch remains perpendicular. His curious made of climbing la well shown In the sunpajiot. Grasping thu polu with his hand, ho draws up lili logs until tho soles of his foot are parallel and resting against tho polo. With tho purchase so obtained ho then raises Ills body and talced a fresh grip, ropoatlng tho perfoimanco until' ho reachoti tho top of tho polo. Every man tells his friends ho would .do lots of thjngs Jf ho wero in tlinlr placo which ho wouldn't oxpcot them to do if ho woro In tlinlr placo. HE PROVED UNWORTHY Killed Hie Father and Shamed the Daughter. Public opinion in Hie Old Dominion owiiug heavily against Andrew C. (111 llgun, recently on trial at Windsor for tho murder of Beverly Turner, on whose plantation tho young iiinii was hi ought up as a farm hand, when It became evident that in order to escape tho gallows Gllllgan stood ready to blacken the character of Isabolle Tur ner, his employer's daughter, who had been his sweetheart. The Jury prompt ly convicted him. The murder of Mr. Turner grow out of his driving (lllllgan olf the plantation when the father tils coveiod the attachment between the farm hand and his daughter. Oilllgun planned to Introduce In Ills defense love letleis written to liltn by Miss Turner, anil Virginia chivalry revolted at the Idea. In tho beginning tho trial had every element to make It most Interest ing, for It wius understood that the girl, Isabello Turner, was In possession of facts that would tend to clear (lllllgan or to convict him of the murder of her father. There was tomanco mingled with the tragedy, uml people flocked from miles aiound to see the tangle un til voled. Hut with the progress of the hearing the romance gradually wore away, mid the testimony of tho girl on the stand swept all vestiges of It from the face of tho affair. The shadow of love that had somewhat hidden the hideous as pect or murder dissolved In the burning eloquence with which Isabella Turner performed a two-fold duty tho aiding of Justice la the nvengeincnt of the murder of her fnther and the defense of AIMtLW CARTEH her good name. A. C. Gllllgan, who had entered tho trial as one half excusable In the eyea of the people, came out of It with mure than the statu of murder on him. (illllgnn Is the son of the overseer on the Turner plantation. As a boy he was Isabolle Turner's playmate and grew up almost as one of the Turner household. As the girl budded into womanhood and (illllgnn grew to bo a tall, strapping youth, of handsomo face and gracoful bearing, the brotherly and sisterly affection gave way to lovo. Eventuully, of course, Mr. Turner learned of tho Infatuation of his daugh ter for Gllllgan. There was tho usual stormy sceno; tho young girl won sent off to school and the young man was ordered from thu plantation. This was over two years ago, when the girl was not quite 18 and Gllllgan was little past his majority. It appears that Gllllgan from this time went to tho bad, He took to drink In order to forget, nndmly made mem ory moro poignant. When Mr. Turner thought that tho lovo of tho girl had grown cold ho brought her back from school and commanded that she should see no more of young Gllllgan. She promised, and that was the end of IHn tho mind of tho father, who. was an nrlBtoerat of tho old school, accustomed to obedience and unable to loallze that his will was not sulllcjent to thwart tho designs ot Cupid. Mr. Turner was murdered on tho night of December 27. .Gllllgan liad borrowed a gun that day, and alter the murder ho disappeared. Soon he camo back, gavo hlmsolf up and confessed to the Hhorirr. Ho said that the girl was With him when ho murdered lior father; that Mr. Turner had caught him with Itlri arm arouud her and had threatened to kill hlui. "I shot In solf-defonse," uald Gllllgan. "It was htb llfo or mine." This aspect of tho caso put Isabcllo Turner In a cruel position, Accepting tho truth of Gllllgan's story, she was tho sole wltnosu of tho crime. Upon her tostlmouy hung the life ot her lover. Would sho so distort what happoned as to clear him? Would sho toll JiiBt what happened and bo fnlr to the murderer and M4 lover? Or would sho allow a spirit of rovengo to nutuato her and give testimony that would send Gilil gait to the gallows? When Isahpllo Tur ner took tho stand for tho llrst time ys. lak - v- iwt sM v k vm r jzr.arzz'i - x N (i 4far $e j.'iljS's w sh saasr 4&wmjz6?w V&V vfiT" slnco tho murder ot her father her fca- I icd under a ton of hay that had ro tures wore first eeon In public. cently been deposited in tho establish- In her testimony the girl told of com- uient. Ho had been thoro for all that log homo from llolllns Institute on Do- I tlmo and when taken out, though very comber 21 to spend tho Christmas holt- J thin and Hlclt, gavo ovldenco that ho days. Sho told of atrip to ForgiiRon'si was yot able to purr under caresses WhnVf on tho snowy day of, tho crlmo, and said that Gllllgan had atomptcd to speak to her, and that she had repelled 's ndvnnccs. She sworo that when sho leached her homo Mint night, after a dilvo 'tj SmUhflold with her mother, Gllllgan had tried to Intercept her as she entered the bouse. "He took hold of my capo and wanted to talk to mo," said tho girl, as she shot a glance nt (lllllgan. "1 told him it was too cold to talk, that I had no time nnd that I did not deslro to talk to him. He kept hold of my cape, hut I wrenched It from his hnnd and ran to tho house." Then.shc gave Gllllgan tho lie. Sheriff Edwards swore that Ollll gan told him that Mr. Turner had found his daughter In the embrace of (illllgnn. The girl swore that she was In tho house when her father was shot; that she hoard the report of the gun and paid no attention to It, ns tho shooting of llrearins In the neighbor hood was not unusual during tho holi days. She told in detail of her nctlons In the house that evening, of preparing supper, of conversations with her mother, of seeing a skulking form at the back gate and of going for "Andy" Cotton, a negro boy, to como to tho house. "While on our way to tho cabin for Andy Cotton." suld the girl, "my mother nnd I passed Mr. Gllllgan on the load. He was whistling and passed us without Hpeaklng. Wo thought that papa was at Mr. docker's, but when ho did not come in at 9 o'clock we bent Andy Cotton for him with a note. He was not there and Mr. Crocker came over. We searched for papa and Mr. Crocker found his body. It was lying in tho snow near the fence and ho was dead." This testimony wiib given In a low, clear voice. The girl looked steadily at Gllllgan, nnd Gllllgan, with impas sive countenance twirled a clgaretto and gazed nt the floor. Up to this time Isabcllo Turner had been composed. MISS ISABELLA UTN Jf Colonel Hoykln arose and apologized for a tiuestlnn he was about to ask. It was a painful question, but It was mndo necessary by the character of the testimony of Sheriff Edwards. The girl answered It vigorously, sitting orect, her eyos Hashing. Then sho lio wed her head and sobbed, and the shame of Gllllgan was complete. His face oxpiessoil no emotion, nor did ho ral.se his eyes from tho floor when his attorney arose to cross-cxumlno his former sweetheart. Tho cross-examination was brutally searching, but It did not shako the testimony of tho girl a partlclo, Sho said that sho had loved Gllllgan, but that for eighteen nionthsprovloustotho murder she had boon indifferent to ward him. When the cross-examination had closed Jsabello Turnor was strong In tho affection of tho pociplo who heard lfor, while tho murderer was branded with something more than the mill k of Cain. SmiiKii '"' Vriitiiiio.il (lunriU. The .Paris exposition is producing somo strange scones lu tho drama of life and Incidentally gtlng tho Paris Ian polloejnen some novel situations to deal with. Some time ngo tho police spent five tlnys besieging tho house of Mile. Malna.tho beautiful Indian snako charmer anil shoplifter, who dolled ar rest.thanks to tho protection of soveral cobras nutl other poisonous pets. Now it is Alilulah, an Arab connecteu with tho exposition side show, who resists tho "nuthorltles. Abdulnh possesses a seml-famo panther, with whom ho shares his apartment. Tho other ton ants in the same house object to tho presence of I lie animal, which spends even' night In roaring dismally bo- c.uihc of her homesickness. Tho Arab having refused to vacato, tho proprie tor invoked Hie aid of tho police, but overy attempt to enter has boon chock ed by tho prcaenco of tho snarling beast. Cut Unit u I.omb Fust. A cat belonging to a lire company in Clnclnnntl recently dlsappearoa and was not found for thlrteon days.great ly to tho amazement and grief of Its owners, who searched for It through out the entire neighborhood of tho en gine houso. Their efforts woro finally rcWiiidod when ho was discovered bur- and ronew his natural avocatiou as a rnl entailer. No, Maudo. doar, people wHS nreTfd- i gardod as tho salt of tho earth are not to bo found in tho cellars. "m SCOTCH CUIJllNALS. STATISTICS OF PRISON COM MISSIONERS OF SCOTLAND. fili'iuly Ili'i nitii! of SitIiiih ('rlnx- for Koinii Yearn I'imt Short Suppl) of Con vlcti for i'niitt rni't Ion Work -.Slrliigincy of Ohst't'iin LiitiKimvu Ijih. Edinburgh special correspondence of the Chicago Dp'ly News: The Htatlh lies of the prison commissioners for Scotland for 1891) are, fiom one point off view, of a very encouraging kind, while on the other hand they have a very depressing aspect. The figures show thnt theie has boon a steady de crease for some years past of serious crimes, for which the Judges would Beiitenco a pi-boner to penal servitude. In 1S50, for example, there were 370 men and ir.r women consigned to penal servitude, with sentences averaging nine and one-fifth years for men and eight years for women, hast oar tho convicts numbered sixty men nnd one woman, and the average sentences for the men were four and n quarter years, and four yours for tho woman. Tho female convict for Scotland seems al most to be a thing of the past. Pos sibly Judges are more lenient now than they weie half a century ago, and probably the severer discipline to which convicts aro subjected now has had a deterrent effect. Rut it Is none the less true that there are fewer seri ous crimen committed now than for merly. One curious effect this short supply of convicts hns hnd has been to upset tho nrrniigemeiits connected with the oonstriietlon of a great harbor of refuge at Peterhead, on the noi theast coast of Scotland. The work was planned In tho belief that a certain number of convicts would be available every year for Its execution. Now the working pnrtloa are less by one-half than they were, and the progress of the work will be correspondingly delnyod. The dls agreeable feature of the statistics Is tho fact that they show an enormous rise on the number of what niny be $ FOOLS THE Slg. Ferraris Is well known both as postmaster general In the Crlspl gov ernment and as editor and proprietor of tho Nuova Antologla, the principal review of Italy. He will also bo known ero long as the head of the movement for promoting foreign travel In Italy, and tho comfort of travelers. Tim movement baa not been started before it was wanted. Italian station mas ters will hardly ever do anything to help or protect foreigners. They nl ways side against tho foreigner. Thu facchlnl, or porters, aro a serious nuis ance. Tips and tariffs in Italy are ex ceedingly numerous, though railway fare are cheap and the under olllclals obliging. According to Slg. Ferraris' calculations, foreigners have spent In Itnly during the llrst four jnonths of 1900 no less than $GO,000,000, nnd lu May the proportion must have been even grcnter. Slg. Ferraris has some excellent sto ries to tell about his experiences as postmaster general. He made a point, whenever ho had any time on his hands, of paying Haioun Al Hnschld visits to various postolllces. Tho par ticular falling of his finployps was playing cards while thoy were tending tolcgrams. It was "dot and carry one, I'll raise you," "dot and carry one, you order me up," "dot and carry one, four noes." In Italy you d.iro not even send a tolt'gram without paying a half penny extra andigcttlng a receipt for It, njid oven when you have Insured Its going at all the card player may bo too agitated to send th'o message as you wrote It. Onb day the leader of the opposition f in parliament said to Him: "ForrarlB, Bomobody has sent me n postal oruer of 100 f nines; what linve 1 got to do to get It changed?" ''I'll go with you my self," he said, "and boo to it. "When they got to the poslofllco nonefof tire ofllclalB recognized the head of thcli department, though he was accompa nied by his deputy. Ho Inquired "for ' the ofllce for changing orders and was handled ahout from pillar to post. 5t? r,zw r ? 'fc ' W ') F r . w ZUWJ AMD BOER. ii ill i!iifc ill ill ill itl ill ill ill Among interesting paragraphs on unusual Incidents ot tho wnr coming from the front, Mr. Henne'tt Hurlolg.li BondH to the Dally Telegraph tho fol lowing criticism passed on Uuller'a methods by an old Zulu chief who had fought against the UritiBh under Cetewnyo: " 'What do you think of tho frghting, William?' It wiib at Spearman's after Splon I'op, Vital Krantz, and the rest, William was questioned. The old Jiegro groaned and wearily rolled IiIh dead and eyes about for a mlnuio or so before ho nnswered. 'Iftnpli eald "William, 'Zulu, when ho fight, ho t'ive Doer no rest; ho no wait for things; ho go all plght, all tiny. Zulu don't mind what ho Cat, Zulu lve Hoer wj time to tfiaka ready; he bout 'him and Hill called "ordinary committals" during 1SUD. There has been a rise In ordinary prisoners fof some years back. Tho year 1S!)8 broke former records, but even its high maximum has been sur passed by no fewer than 2,792 com inltinents to prison. There was quite a startling development In certain classes of offenses, such ns wife as snults, drunkenness and cases of what are referred to as "obscene languago nnd Indecent conduct." In connection with a certain category of these minor offenses It has to be remembered that there has been groat activity on tho part of many burghs In procuring locnl acts of parliament, which are very stringent In their provisions. Local acts have a decided tendency to manu facture the smaller police offenses. Hut they do not explain away the rlso (nearly 1,!00) In the number of per sons committed to prison last year for drunkenness. No other explanation suggests Itself for that than the great prosperity of trade, on account of which wages for the laboring classes were plentiful, nnd means wore thereby af forded them for Indulgence In Intoxi cating liquors. It is rather humiliating to think that n rise In the prosperity of the country cannot take place without a corres ponding Incrcpso In the number ot drunken committals to prison, but there It Is. and the statistics cannot be oxplnlnod away on any other foot ing. One tiling the Scottish prison figures bring out Is this thnt for ev ery three natives thnt appear at our police courts, there aro two Irishmen a considerable burden, It will be ad mitted, that we have to boar for our lively neighbors across St. George's channel. lUerllcnt Memory. "Of course, you do not remember tho war, Miss Anteek?" "Dear me, oh yes, I do! I remem ber San Juan hill and Manila, and that dear, fat Gen. Shutter at Santiago. Ah, I remember It all quite well." He meant the wnr or the rebellion, but he did not press the Inquiry. Cleveland Plain Dealer. EMPLOYES. I When at length they arrived at the right window they could not persuade the man In charge to take the smallest notice of them. "Can you not attend to this gentleman?" asked the post master general meekly. "He has Im portant business to return to." "Can't you see that I'm busy?" said the un derling, grullly. "Vcs," said Ferraris, "but I think you had not better keep this gentleman waiting any longer." The mnn held out his hand rudely and snatched tho paper. "How am I to tell that you are the person mentioned in this?" he shouted to the leader of tho opposition. "This gentleman nnd I will testify to thnt," said Ferraris. "And how nm I to know who you aro?" he shouted still more rudely. "If you will send for the head of your department," said Slg. Ferraris quietly, "he will let you know that I am the postmaster general and this is my deputy!" The man saw tho ghastly trap Into which he had fallen, and, rushing out, knelt down on the pavement and groveled beforo hla chief. "No, don't npologize to me," wild the postmaster general. "Apolo gize to this man" (nnd he pointed to tho lender of the opposition), "who represents tho public, that pays your salary and mine." On another occasion when he was go ing ,to Turin, which he represents In parliament, he wrote to tell tho post master of that town that he would call at 5 o'clock to make a visit of Inspec tion. At 5 o'clock ho went, "not In n state carriage, but on foot, in a tweed suit, with a billycock hat. When he got to thp door of the postmaster's of fices, the porter, without taking the trouble to lift his eyes, turned him away: "The postmaster won't keo you today, my good fellow. His excellency Is coming, and I am given orders to uilmlt no one else." "Hadn't you bet ter look at me," said Ferraris. The man being a Tirlnese recognized him nnd mndo profuse apologies. "Don't apologize, but Just let mo In so quietly thai other people can make the same mistake as yourself." ?!. vjc rt j? jc ;;? -, jji t d -. h yt ;; f.X'At ,i. j ill ill ill ill ill ill ;i ;! v J. X him, every man. Your generals from England, thy no boiiso mako fight. They sit down one tiny, two day, threo lay. Then 1 light one day, two day, and then he go away again. Your fcoldlers, I bbo thousands of them everywhere. They go 'bout, all day doing nothing, no fight. Whllo thoy go 'bout, Hoer come mako plenty b!r holes back of hill; then you can't get him out. It's all foolishness. Oh, your generals from Unglnnd. no sense mako fight. Zulu, when he can't fight hero, there, ho go arouud him Hoer (Indi cating with his fingers) this way, that way. and gives rascal no rest;' and old Wllllo groaned again In spirit nnd tlcsh, The conversation really took place, and this Is but an outline of tho Zulu Othello's criticism of the Hrltlsh,, methods." ' -,(,., Tyi-r' r9K& uiflW)wr, -r"