Nebraska Newspapers

    THE BED CLOUD CHI BR
J.
ETHST BLOOD OF WAIL
WHERE WAS IT SPILLED
REVOLUTIONARY DAYS.
IN
Honor Ik Cl.ilmril hy Miiti) Tin" Mutter
DrpriulK Solely t'pon tin- ym-tloii im
to WIipii the War Hciill C'lininii'iH'tU
tor Iiicli'iiciiiloittc.
Vermontors have been wont to claim
lliat the first blood of the revolutionary
struggle was shed at Westminster, Vt.,
fit the Kith tif March. 1775. when, as the
Inscription on his monument lerords.
William French "was shot by the hands
nf Cruel Mlnlstcrenl tools ot (ieurg ye
3d." Hut there are ilval claims. Some
Massachusetts people assert that tlie
first blooil was shed at Salem on the
2Uth of February. 177." fifteen days be
fore the Westminster massacre- when
(Sen. (Sage, having learned that the pa
triots were mounting some old cannon
taken in the French war at Salem, sent
thither n battalion of H00 men under
Lieut. -Col. Leslie, who met In the town
a mob so large and threatening that
lie thought It the proper plan to retrace
bis steps to Hoston. It Is claimed that
baouets were lowered and some of the
men who burred the way were pricked
whh them. A much earlier collision
between a squad of llrltish soldiers and
a moli in New York i ity in January.
1770. has also been cited as the. first
instance of the shedding of blood in
the contest for Independence. This lat
ter eU'tit has now come freshly into
notice. Within a few weeks past a
bronze tablet has been placed on the
wall nf the llroadw.iy corridor of the
Ntw York postolliie by the Daughters
of I he Revolution of that city. Wheth
er the blood spilled in this fracas (an I
ptoperly be called "the llrst martyr
blood of the revolution" of course de
pends on the date when the American
tevolution can properly be said to have
begun. Historians have not commonly
placid that date earlier than the year
1775. There was already serious fric
tion between the colonies and the king
in 1770. The presence of Hritlbh troops
to uphold the oppressive measures of
the llrltish government was obnoxious
to the men of the colonics, but they
bad not as yet dcti rmlncd to throw off
the yoke. The liberty they dalmcd
nucl for which the liberty pole on the
Nw York common stood was liberty
tinder I ho royal government, not In
dependence of It.
if tho collision bet wren the New
York sailors and Kngllsh sailors in
January, 1770. could be called parts of
the tevolutlon. then the similar ocetir
tence In Huston in March of that year,
known us "the Hoston massacre," in
which the soldiers Hied on the mob and
killed tluee citlziu.s would have been
plated by historians among the overt
iicts of revolution. Hut that event has
not been o classed. The revolution
vms impending, hut had not begun.
When, however, the royal posse attack
nl the courthouse at Westminster. Vt..
the icvolt was in active pieparation.
The llrst continental congress had as
sembled, the port of Huston had been
cIomiI by llritish ship.- and a Hiitlsh
army assembled In Hoston. The min
ute men of .Massachusetts and Conncc
tiiut were casting the bullets which a
few da.vs later slew hundreds of red
coat at Concord bridge and Hunker
bill. The Cireen mountain boys had al
ready engaged to take Tlconderoga.
The revolution had begun. If a Hiit
lsh bajonet was stained with patriot
blood at Salem. Mass., in February,
1775, that may, perhaps, faiity be called
the llrst blood of the revolution, but It
Is not certain that any blood was then
shed. Mr. Wlnsor, the Massachusetts
historian, in ills Critical History of
America," calls it "a littlo alleged
pricking of bayon?ts." and, according
to his view, the first blood was not
shed there, but at Lexington. "The
fchot heard round the world" was Hied
on Uio 18th of April, 1775, but William
French and Daniel Houghton, slain by
"King (Jeorgo's tory crew," at West
minster on the 14th of March, were
patriots arrayed against royal authori
ty, and there Is still room for fair ar
gument Hint theirs was the Hist martyr
blood of tho revolution.
fomloi-eil V.rn Illiimrir.
"Do you know," said n successful
liook-canvasser, "I used to be very in
tense In the presentation of my wares
to tho morc-or-less unbelieving pub
lie? 1 remember one case In which I
became so much wrought up that I
vxclnlmed In agony of fervor: 1 my
self, sir feel that 1 cannot do without
this great and comprehensive work:
tind shall myself subscribe, while I yet
liuve an opportunity.' Seizing my pen,
1 suited tho action to tho word und
placed my name on tho list. The
gentleman with whom I was pleading
was so much Impressed with my gen
uine fervor that lie added his own au
tograph without a word. When the
book was delivered, though, he said
he believed It was one of my tricks.
Hut It wasn't, and 1 never was able to
do It again."
AilTrrtUlnK.
Tramp"! called ter see, lady, If 1
rould do sum work for ye." Kind La
Ay "What can you do?" Tramp
"I'm a sort of dentist, mum. I wanf
ter advertise; so I'll put a set of teoth
into a good pie fer nothln'." Plck-Mc-
V.
The Term.
If Ajnlree will promise not to lecture
when ho comes out of the wilderness
of tho Arctic there can be no objection
In sending out an expedition to bring
hint back; but he must promise.--Kansas
City Star.
Why Isn't the woman who attends
church JuBt to tbow her new cloak
Mck-religlous?
THE EAST INDIAN BUNGALOW.
It .liiitillini to Northern I'lltn.iti'.
X
(Copj right. ISPS, by "Shoppell's Mod
ern Houses.")
The Kast Indian bungalow lias In tho
last half decade populurized itself rap
Idly in a somewhat modified form In
tho United States. Rudyard Kipling's
books have painted such alluring word
pictures of the adaptability of this
style of architecture to warm cllmatC3,
lending Itself picturesquely to rich or
namental furnishings. The bungalow
has been taken up rapidly hy even
northern people for building the sea
shore and mountains for summer use.
The points most easily appreciated urn
first, its high ceilings. Immediately
suggesting a circulation of air If prop
eily ventilated. Rooms practically till
on one floor, and ample veranuas. The
design accompanying this article pre
sents perhaps a t.vpe of bungalow most
popular In this country. The veranda
however, In this design Is not as large
and spacious as some, but may be run
around cither side and in f i out ot par
lor, and would even enhance the beau
ty of the design. In the principal ci
ties of eastern counttles. Calcutta,
Homb.iy. and othns. the F.ngllsh resi
dences aie often elaborate spet linens
I
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' . fill tHH !'! 47 fc-VW
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of the bungalow even palatial In de
sign and appointments, having exter
ior otllces for tlie accommodations of
large retinue of domestics, as common
in Indian life. Tlie Standaid Fncyclo
pedla says, "Military bungalow of
enormous size; public' houses, main
tained by the government for the ac
(ominoilation of guests and travelers.
In which are blended the characteris
tics of an English madhouse inn and
an eastern caravansary." are common,
built ou the same style of the huuga
low.
Hut In this country, vvlieie the ( II
mati is eoldej most of the vear. where
laud Is more expensive and must be
economically lued. and where the ele
vator Is so popular, tlie bungalow has
net obtained any great hold, except as
in. say, for summer use, out of town,
tluiugh country life would he much
tnoie pastoral, if It were not for stairs
and much more comfortable wiiu one
floor properly heated than cold tilth
bedrooms, and much more romautb
with veranda views.
(irncrnl dimension: I'xtreine width
3 1 feet il Indies: depth, including v
rauda, 4 It fort. Height of story: 10 feet.
Kxterlor materials: Foundation, posts,
vrranda columns ami enclosures,
stone; side walls and roof, shingles'
Intel lor finish: Side walls, icll'd with
yellow pine; celling Joists exposed:
yellow pine floor and trim; all w-ooil-
work grain Hlled and finished natural.
Colors; Shingles on side walls, treated
with preservation; shingles on roofs,
stained moss green; trim, sashes, etc.,
w.Mte. Accommodations: All the
rooms, their sizes, cloFots, etc., are
shown hy the Hour plans; no cellar;
attic floored over and accessible
through a scuttle; open fireplace in
parlor, hall and dining-room; orna
mentul arch at rear of hall; buuer's
pantry connects dining room and kitch
en, and contains sink and shelving;
sink and portable range in kitchen;
bathroom contains full plumbing. Cost:
$1,750, complete. The estimate is based
on New York prices for material and
labor. In many nectlons of the couutry
the cost should he less.
An Ideal Village.
"There Is a village in my state,"
said Mr. K. W. Capers, at the Raleigh,
"that has no semblance of government,
though It has a population of L',500
souls. "It Is Oreentown, quite a man
ufacturing center, and withal one of
the most lawahldlug and moral com
munltles In the state. The town mar
shal resigned some mouths ago on ac
count of having nothing to do, since
which time the people have got along
without a peace officer. The place
was never Incorporated as a city, and
has no mayor or council. Since Its
earliest day It has been governed hy
five trustees, a ulerk, treasurer and
marshal completing the official roster.
Not long since three of the trustees
moved out of that Jurisdiction, and tho
remaining members .have been unablo
... . outwit fitiv Imaltinau ulnun fnn wnnl
of a quorum, so that nothing can he
done until new trustees can ho elected
In April, The citizens are not worry
ing over the situation, and a majority
are Inclined to think they could get
along Indefinitely without any form of
government."
Why does a man always loso litter
est In a subject as 'soon as his argu-
1 meat is exhaustf"'"
"! '
3 Kitcmcn l 'Bcd Room !
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ratcitJ, yLy;.-.-;. BED ROOM
J B IZOXIDO- J
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NIOPnitV tW A! 1 V I I V '
MEN WHO AIDED DEWEY
THE PIGHT.
IN
I lie (IrnitrM Kli;lil)-r of Thriii Ml N'r
a lli Iimlil.. of it Nimil Ai'iiili'io.v
IIjit of I lie ll.iltltiiore Seconil to
lll'UCJ.
The magnificent vleior.v won by
Commodore Dewey over the Spanish
licet at Manila will go down as one
of the quickest and most daring
achievements in the naval history, not
only of the Pnltoil States, but or the
entire world. That lie dined navigate
tlie harbor In the dead of night, know
ing it was mined, so as to be in a
poult Ion as soon as day bioke to at
tack the eneni), was an exhibition of
pluck that has amazed the world. His
success in annihilating the Spanish
Meet has been tceognlzed by the Cniteil
States government hy a i ('solution of
congratulation, and lie will also be
promoted to tear admiral. From navy
officers in all parts of the world his
achievement has called forth words of
admiration. While much has ali'ead.v
been wilttcn about Commodote Dewey
we must not overlook the gallant com
manders who so nobly stood by their
ships in the battle of Manila, and upon
cauh of whom a shine of (lie honor
of tlie gleat victory must be given.
Of C.itnmodore Dewey much can be
wilttcn. Ills christening of lire was
s , .Jj', ,X-K I "hoard the old steam sloop Mississippi.
r?ife''"'iil't' Fariagut. in the earlv days ot
r- .. ." j tin. civil wai. Commodore Devvev Is
.""W' , ., ....
now about ill years old. He belongs
in Veimout. and lie was appointed to
the Naval Academy from that state In
September. 1S.14 Four vears later,
when he was graduated, lie was sent
aboard the steam frigate Wabash, for
a cruise in the Mediterranean. Dewey
got his commission as lieutenant on
April 19, 18C1. eight days after Fort
Sumter was fired upon, and he was
Immediately assigned to join the Mis
sissippi and do duty with the West
Gulf squadron. He was ou the Mis
sissippi when she took part with Far
ragut's other vessels In forcing un en
trance to the Mississippi river, and
again when the fleet rnn the gauntlet
of fire from the forts below New Or
leans, in April, 18G2, and forced the
surrender of that city. The ship he
was In belonged to Captain Hailey's
division of the fleet which attacked
Fort Ht. Philip.
The hottest fight that the Mississippi
ever engaged In was her last one, and
this was perhaps as hot as any of the
war. In March. 18GJJ, the licet tried
to run by the Confederate batteries at
Port Hudson. Some of the ships got
as far as a narrow part of the chan
nel, where they met land batteries al
most muzzle to muzzle, and then they
were forced to retreat. Tho Missis
sippi did not get as far as this, A
foggy day had been chosen for the at
tempt, and this was soon made more
obscure by the smoke of buttle, und
nmld this the Mississippi lost her hear
ings and ran ashore. Her officers
found she had struck Just under the
guns of a battery In the middle of the
line of fortifications, and one of the
strongest of the lot. In half an hour
250 shots struck the vessel nnd she
was riddled from end to end. There
was no chance to hold her, and her
crew took to their boats and landed on
the opposite side of the river, after
getting her on lire. Soon, lightened hy
me loss oi uie crew auu ny tne nre,
fl'! ,J!!fr"!:,!!!!'e,S."",,
lug with bursting shells, sho drifted
down the river, until finally the fire
reached her magazine, and her cireer
was ended In one great expluslon.
Dewey was next attached to lac
steam gunboat Agavvan, of th" North
Atlantic blockading squadron and he
took part in the two attacks made
on Fort Fisher In December, 18G4, and
January. 1SC5. In March. 18C5. he got
l'1" 'innus'-iiui as tleuionnnt-cnin-
fanio'iH obi Kearsarge ami on tile Col
orado, the flagship of the Ihiropcati
sqiuidion. until iMl.s, when he was sent
for service to the Naval academy. He
was lommlssloiied comiiioiloie on Fob
ruar.v Ls, iv.ui.
Of the c.iptaius serving under Cout
tnodoie Dewe.v, Charles V (iiidley, of
the flagship Ol.vmpla, was bom in In
diana. Inn was appointed a cadet from
Michigan ou September IS, I Mill. He
remained In the Naval ueademv until
I Mil!, when lie was made an ensign
and .ittaihed to the steamship Oneida
of the West (Julf squudion, fioui IMill I
to lMir.. He was ou bo.nd his ship
In the battle of Mobile ha. ou August
f, IMil. At the (lose of the war, hav
ing served In a number of engage
ments, he was attached to the steam
sloop Hiooklvu of the Itiazlllaii squad
ron, ami Intel was on ho, ml the Rear
sar;.c. He was piomotcd to lieutenant
on February ill. IM!7. and to lleuten-uiit-Miuimnudcr
one year later, and as
signed to the Michigan and afterward
to the Monnngnhela. lie was executive
olllcer of the flagship Ticnton of the
Ruropcnii squadron, ami was made
commander on Maich 10. issi!. lb1
was for a I line assign d to the torpedo
station ami also to tlie HcMtnii navy
ynril. He was made commander of the
Jamestown In l.ssi.aud was inspector of
lighthouses at Ituffalo. N. V.. when as
signed to (lie slatic squadron.
Captain N. Mayo D.ver. of the cruis
er Kattiiuoiv, has had a diversified (a
reer. and has fought his way up to a
captaiucv , without ever having attend
ed a naval academy. No man In tile
navy has a liettei icmrd for bravery
ami dating than the gallant captain
of t'to Haltimote. He enteied llie vol
tinici r navy at the oatlucak of the
THE VICTOKIOl S
civil war as a master's mate, and serv
ed In the engagements of the West Culf
squadron. For gallant and meritorious
conduct he was promoted to acting
ensign on May 1H. lHGII, and later to
ensign and assigned to the Glasgow.
Afterward lie was made master und
placed In command of the Randolph, In
1H04, which operated In Mobile hay.
His vessel was sunk by u torpedo ou
April 1, 18(15, After the surrender he
was promoted to acting volunteer lieu
tenant and put In cjmmund of two of
tin; surrendeied ships, the Hluck Dia
mond and the Morgan, He then serv
ed on the Klk. and later on the Stock
dale, und subsequently did shore duty
at the bureau of navigation. He was
made commander In the regular navy
on Murch 12, 18ti8. While command
ing tho Osslppee, going from the Mexi
can coast to the north, an Incident hap
pened which showed his bravery and
the regard he had for his men. A
sailor, In adjusting u sail, accidentally
slipped and fell overboard. Captain
Dyer, who was ou deck ami suvv the
sailor fall, Immediately Jumped in and
saved tho man from drowning and
from the sharks, He has done duty ut
the Hoston nuvy-yard, and has been
asslgued respectively to the Pointer,
the New Hampshire, the Wabash and
the Tennessee. He has been light
hoi'ce Inspector, and was In cimmund
of the Marlon, of the Asiatic squad
ron, in ISO" and again in lS'JO.
Captain Joseph H. Coghlau, of the
cruiser Rulolgh, was born In Kentucky,
but was appointed to the Naval acad
emy from Illinois ou September 2, lStill.
His first sea duty was ou tin: Sacra
mento In special service, lie was made
master, nnd afterward, ou May 10,
18C(i, was promoted to lieutenant, and
was executive officer of th Pawuee.
(y -MJBMIm-wi ii I 'T-lttii' k?
He was then transferred to the tluer
rlere and made lleuteuatit-cotunuiuder
on March 12. tM!.s He served ou the
Ridimoud ami then on th( Ironclad
Saugiis. of the Xoith Atlantic squad
ron, and later on the Mouotigahela and
the Indiana. He was promoted to
commander In Fchriiurv, 1SS2.
Captain Asa Walker, of tlie cruiser
Coucoid, Is a native of New Hamp
shire, and entered the Naval academy
on November 'J7. I.stl2. graduating four
years later, lie was llrst assigned to
the North Atlantic squadron, and made
ensign In IStls, ami afterward did ord
nance duty In the Portsmouth nnvy
vard. Remaining there a short time.
'" went aboard the Jamestown, where
he served until 1S"I. He has served
on the Fssex. the praellee ship Dale.
tlu Ticnton of Hie Asiatic siiiadron,
and on two dln'etent occasions has
been assigned to dut.v at tlie Naval
academy.
Captain K. P. Wood, of the dispatch
boat Hugh MeCulloch, Is from Ohio,
and entered the Naval academy ou
September L'J. IMW. graduating in ISO".
He was then assigned to the Minne
sota on special service and made en
sign. In IS7I he was promoted to
lieutenant and placed ahoaid the Con
gress, then on special service, lie did
duty ou tlie Portsmouth, also on spe
cial service. I'ioiii t SSI lo 1 SS i he was
assigned to duty at the Naval academy,
ami then served on the Monnugnhchi
on special service. He was with tlie
North Atlantic squadron In IS'.io. and
was promoted to commander in that
year.
Captain Frank Wilde, of tlie Hoc
ton, comes finni Maaohusetts. lie
Is a graduate of Annapolis and served
with gallantry through tlie war.
llo to IiiiIiii'i Mri'p.
Sleep cliques when the brain Is large-
ASIATIC SQPADRON.
ly denuded of blood. According to the
"Spectator," to partly empty tho bruin
of its blood supply, to keep the head
cool, the blood sufficiently warm and to
send the blood rather to tho lower ex
ti entitles- this Is the physical problem
of the sleepless. It Is Interesting to
note that during sleep a great number
of the bodily functions continue quite
normally without Interfering with sleep
Itself, and therefore sleep Is not so
like death as some of the potts have
Imagined, Man usleep Is not so pro
foundly different from man uwake, the
two chief points of difference, how
ever, being these a greater Indrawlng
of oxygen and exhalation of intbonlc
acid and a complete nerve rest. The
bedroom and the state of ocoupunt (as
suming the absence of external noise)
are the chief factors In the p;oblcm.
The sleeping room should be airy und
cool, never, for adult person, reach
ing u higher temperature than U0 de
grees, though young chlldien need
greater warmth. The head should
never be under the sheets, but exposed
and cool. Tho feet should be kept
warm by a little extra clothing at the
foot. With a heavy sleeper there
should he no thick curtain, but with a
light sleeper curtains are essential, as
sunlight plays upon the optic ncive and
rouses that 'attention vhhh it Is the
one object of the sleeper to ki p In sus
pended animation. The bed should
I never be between fireplace and door, as
it catches the draughts, and It is more
dangeious and more easy to contract it
chill in bed than In the daytime, the
specially chilly period being about II
a. m.
Don't think because u streamlet Is
a little btream that a hamlet Is a little
ham.
"WOMEN'S KINGDOM."
RUSSIA HAS A SETTLEMENT IN
PEMININE HANDS.
Mrii AIkiiiI MomI of llio Vrar llurliic
IhU lime llie VV !, .Viol horn mid
Siwi'tlinirtH I:iiJo3 TIipiiikuIvi h lit 'tliclc
Co t I ti liit.
Champions of vvoman'R rights will be
glad to know that there In at least
one part of 1 1 1 civilized woild In which
their theories aie accepted as gospel
truth ami In vvulch the superiority ot
tlie gentle sex Is limply demonstrated.
In the Russian province of Smolensk
which is a prominent country In White
Russia, this Interesting state of uiralts
.exists. Smolensk is divided Into 1
countleH or states, and one of these
stales Is go.erned wholly by women,
says the New York Telegram. This
state Is known far and wide as "Tho
Women's Kingdom." It contains sev
eral small towns and Its principal ob
ject of Interest Is the celebrated con
vent of Heskujow, to which thousands
of pilgrims ami mendicants used to
wend their way dining the last cen
tur. The imson why it Is called "Tho
Women's Kingdom" Is because the en
tire male population emigrates from
the state each spring, in older to look
for work In Smolensk and In the other
huge neighboring cities, and the wom
en are left at home to look after all
state and domestic a II a Int. The men
aie absent from home about nine,
months each year, ami during that
time the entire work of the state Is
done by the women. Agilculturo Is.
the great Industry of the country and
mouth after month the stalwart women
labor in the Melds. Intent ou seeming;
a good harvest. ir they fall dreary
may lie their lot dining the winter,
for their husbands and biothers do not
always senile remunerative work, and
it costs money to live In White Russia,
as everywhere else. Hut they seldom
fall and the statistics show that In this
lespect "The Women's Kingdom" Is
one of tlie most piosperous states In
Smolensk. The women also attend to
municipal affairs, and all the local or
dinances and regulations tire Issued by
them. Kiui' town has itB mayoress
and boat (I of alderwomen (there lire
times when one must coin a word), and
at ngulnr seasons there nte communal
assemblies, at which the adult women
discuss, with becoming seriousness, all
matte s of public interest. Huslness.
however, does not occupy nil their
time. Ilelng women, they naturally
can no! do without healthy amusement,
and to their credit lie It said they man
age to get a good deal of fun nut of
life. Instead of slttine; III silence be
side their lonely liearthn and bemoan
ing the enforced absence of their hus
bands, brothers and sweethearts, they
say to themselves: "Our men don't sit
and moan when thc.v are away from us
ami why should vv( .' I,ct us enjoy our
selves'" Mot of their lelbine hours are past
ed in the club house, one of which Is
to be found in each town. Kvery wom
an belong to one of these clubs, and
most of tin in spend their tlmo then
from 5 o'clock In the evening until
i;i(i to '1 o'clock In the morning. They
talk. slug, drink tea, listen to music,
discuss tlie fashions and doubtless fre
quently play a few Innocent games of
cards. They can get the latest news
ut the dub, and they are sure to meet
all their friends and acquaintances
there. If they do not care to Indulge
in eonvcisatlon, they can read the
latest papers there, or they can write,
loug letters to their absent male rela
tives. In a word, the club Is their
second home, and without It It Is diffi
cult to mo how they could enduie their
lonesome life.
DrKtrnrtloii of City Trrei.
Scientific gardeners have bofjn giving
attention to the causes of the destruc
tion of city trees, and find that tho
presence of a large amount of Illumin
ating gas in the soil Is the cause of
the death of most of theso ihade-glv-ers.
A row of beautiful trees in a city
street Is ouo of the most charming of
pictures, but It Is one that wo will
not long enjoy unless some measure
are taken to prevent the saturation of
the soil with cas. It is tho custom In
Kurope, when a tree Is killed by gas,
to exact from the company that they
replace the tree as nearly as possible,
removing the contaminated earth and
filling In the spaco with that which is
perfectly adapted to the best health
and growth of the tree. As this is a
considerable Item of expense, tho gas
companies are extremely careful about
leakage and the management of their
pipes. In view of the fact that .ho soli
of our city street, whenever It is turn
ed up, seems laden with the odor of
gas. It becomes necessary to take oonio
extreme uieasuies lest all of tho shade
trees be destroyed.
i:iitcrirlif for Yon,
An anonymous lettei recently sent
to Count do Wuldeck, who rcslder, in
Hungary, Informed him that he might
expect a visit from two burglars, who
would call upon him under pretense of
being insurance agents. Tho callers
arrived, and were arrested; but it turn
ed out that they wero the bona-flde
agents of a New York company, and
that the telegram had been sent by a
rival company In Vienna. Legal pro
ceedings have been instituted against
the latter. New York Tribune.
Another Mlituke.
Hetore I got married I thought I
was thoroughly acquainted with my
wife." "And weren't you?" "N(H at
all. You see, she wasn't my wife then."
He Hail the Hhakei.
"How does It come that you didn't
volunteer with your regiment?"
"Couldn't. 1 had an attack of ague "
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