THE BED CLOUD CHIEF, FRIDAY, MARCH 5 1897. THE OLD ROMAN LAWS. OUR STATUTES NOW FREE PROM BARBARIC MEASURES. Nea-ly AH the Capital Offfinte Intro duced Into Onr Law from Foreign Code Have Ileen F.llmlnated Only A Crime. runUlialiln ly Death l'euatty. HE President of the United Statos will within a few days approve an act of congress which reduces the number of offenses against tho government, punishable by death after convic tion, from Blxty to five. Many of the itAtutcs of the United States, as carried on tho books for nearly a century, wore copied from the laws of the old Roman omplrc. Tlnio was In Rome when the offenses not punishable by death were fowcr than those that wore. In countries dominated by tho military life Is yot hold cheap, and offenses that civilization now classes as mis demeanors, or more disturbances of tho public or perchanco Individual, peace, arc- by law. made capital. Tho penalties for crime that It Is possible for a Judgo In a United States court to lnflct havo for many years ben dlsproportloncd to tho maximum powor of the state courts, For In itanco: A civilian or a mombor of the United States army who strikes or physically assaults an officer of tho United States may bo hanged, pro vided that the officer is in commission ind in uniform. A man who assaults the governor of a groat state Is guilty of nn offense measured only by tho physical damage caiiBcd, and can be lined or Imprisoned, for no more nor longer, all things considered, than If the object of his violence wcro plain John Smith of Drown street. Con gressman Nowton Curtis of Ogdcns burg, over four years ago, undertook to. bring .tho Federal criminal code up to tho times, and the final passage of his house bill by tho Bcnnte recently signalized a victory that was only gained by persistency. Under tho net s reconstructed there will bo but five capital offenses known to tho federal law. These are murdor on a territory, fort, magazine, shop or reservation wfcorcln tho United States has technical Jurisdiction; rape on tho Bame; treason, piracy and treasonable botrayal of trust in tho army or navy. Among the :apltal offenses on tho statute books, most of which, It should be said, are dead letters, and which are rejected by the courts aro: 'Being accessory beforo tho fact to piracy. Being accessory after tho fuct to an act of piracy. Aiding or abetting by advice or coun ol or commnnd an act of robbery, uirder or other piracy. Knowingly concealing tho fruits of a piracy, or assisting In tho oscapo 'rom arrest of, tho perpetrator of an act of piracy, robbery or murdor. Having In possession tho fruits of .ilrncy. Treason, In levying war or adher ing to tho cnomlca(of the government. Inciting to or engaging In rebellion ) (gainst tho government. Aiding, ubottlng, etc., to commit murder or piracy on tho high seas by (lie owner. Destruction of a vessel on tho high jens by other than the owner. Tho corrupt casting away of a-vessel on the high sens by tho owner. Laying violent hands by seamen up on the commander of a vessel to pro vent his defense of the vessel. Robbery on the high sea. Robbery on shore by tho crow of a plrato. ' , Murdor, robbery or hostile act under -fv,vr,J?ovo- of a foreign commission. "' Forcibly confining a negro on a ves sel with Intent of making him a slave. Landing from a vessel and seizing a negro with attempt to onslavo him. . Malicious burning of a fort or a dock yfrd. I Burning a vessel of war, ,, Rescue by force of persons found guilty of capital crimes against tho United States. Disobeying or striking u superior of leer in tho army or navy. Sleeping on posts of sentry. Refusal orfnlluro to resist the onomy Itj the army or navy. Wilfully causing a false alarm of military attack. Mutinous conduct In presence of the nomy. Forcibly compelling nn officer to sur render. Disclosing the watchword. Relieving tho enemy with money, valuables or supplies. Desertion from army or navy In time of war. Aiding others to desert In time ol war. Correspondence with theeneny. An equal number of offenses against the discipline of the navy are in the books. These are all struck, pufc by the Curtis bill. In tlmo of war, mar tial law asserts itself, and the military Is a law unto itself. Only n Wlicht Chunice. "Splffcns has quit tho photography business nnd 1b now a florist," re marked McSwllllgan. "Oh, Well," replied Squlldlg, "It Is not much of a stop from poses to po sies." Pittsburg Chronlclo-Tolegraph. l'aper Floor. The newest kind of floor Is mado of paper, which Is spread out on tho sur face in tho form of a pasty mess, then covered and pressed. It hardens like plaster of parls, is noiseless under foot and helps greatly in preserving an even temperature. WROUOHT-IRON FAD. It Had an Ancient nnit Mont Rupert' bin Ileglnnlng. There Is no doubt that wrought Iron Is more and more used every year In domestic economy and decoration. De servedly so, Bays tho Now York Her ald, Thcro Is nothing that lends Itself so easily to the requirements of both utility and art. Besides, It has an an cient and respectable lilstory. Ger many In the fifteenth ccntry produced much wrought-iron work of a rather special character, such as the grave crosses and sepulchral monuments to be seen In the ccmctorlcs of Nurem berg. Iron was nl.so employed for well canopies, such as that at Antwerp at tributed to Qucntln Matsys. Originally a blacksmith from Louvaln, he camo to Antwerp to seek his fortune There, as tho story goes, he fell In love with tho dnughtcr of a painter and, to pro pitiate tho daughter as well as her fa ther, exchanged the anvil for the paint er'B palette and beforo his death, In lftfl, he was successful In helping to raise the school of Antwerp to a celeb rity equal to that of the schools of Bruges and Ghent. Iron work was ox tonslvely produced at Augsburg under tho fostering care of the Fugger family taking the shape of brackets project ing from tho walls and grills over fan lights or In a balcony. Grotcsquu knockers are also common In Nurem berg. Keys were sometimes elaborately decorated and tho part which Is now a common ring wns once occupied by lit tlo figures In full relief, with coats of arms and the like. Tho French rev olution was the cause of much splen did Iron work being iTestroyed, when, In 179,1, certain provinces had to gathor to gether every available piece of Iron to transform Into pikes and other weapons. Our Inillnn Cuword. "Gowhltoke," Is Indian. It means fight, charge, advance (collection of Rhode iBland Historical society, vol. 1, page 148). There Is no Indian word for "father." Elliot in the Indian bi ble uses gosh for God and Our Heav enly Father. Tho Indians soon learned that settlors used tho Bame word when Bwearlng In anger, and the Indians prefixed gosh to gewheteke, nnd soven ty years ago, "gosh all hlttlcutt" was n phrase In common use, called deacon's swearing; It may fairly be translated "God and the Bnttle." Indlnn words so forclblo to tho eye, are sometimes very pretty when traced to their roots, thus young girls are "squog," from "star." When grown to marriageable young ladles, "nungsquog," which means "twinkling star." Boston Jour nal. What a Woman Thinks Of. What docs a woman think about as a general rulo? According to a pro found philosopher following aro the mental occupations of a woman dur ing her existence: When 4 years old ahe thinks of Bwcets and bonbons. At 7 hor doll Is her sole nnx'lety. At 13 sho drenniR night and day of her llttlo cousin. At 18 sho yenrn for a roman tic marriage. At 21 her thoughts aro engrossed by hor llrst baby. At 35 they are transferred to her first gray hair. When about 40 her mental bal ance Is sorely tried by her first wrin kles and the disagreeable perspective they open up; At DO sho begins to think of tho past. And Inter she turns hor attention to tho futuro prospects of her grandchildren. Exchange. A lool Timepiece. Hero is a fish story Tor the truth of which we cannot vouch, but which nil fishermen, young or old, will enjoy. It comes rrom nn English Journal tho Northampton Dnily lteporter: Last Bprlng, whllo a party of tourists was Ashing "up north" n well-known law yer lost hlB gold watch from the boat In which ho was sitting1: In tho fall ho made another visit to tho lakes and during the first day'B sport caught nn eight-pound trout. His astonishment can bo Imagined when ho found his watch lodged In tho throat of the trout. Tho watch was running nnd tho time correct. It being a "stem winder," tho supposition Is that In masticating his food tho fish wound up the watch dally. Harper's Round Table. Illnrk cm. Although black cats have come to b regarded as mascots they wero not many years ago looked upon with hor ror nnd distrust nnd supposed to en shrine tho forms of familiar domons patronized by witches. Even now mnny people find something uncanny about black cats and refuso to own them. "Who," It la asked, "would trust a black beetle? Iiok nt his furtive, mur derous, round-shouldered deadlincss of shape a masked, black-cjad headsman among Insects. Doubly false even to his own nnmo, he Is neither black nor a bcctlo but a cockroach." Acalmt Them. The native young porson sighed. "It Is Indeed difficult," she rejoined, ','to maintain a real society In tho trop ica. It Ja well nigh Impossible for us to give anything like the cold shoulder, don't you know, nnd after all tTiat Is the main thing, I fancy. Ah, yes. Our latltudo Is certainly against us." Do trolt Journal. - Naturally, Nureo Girl "I lost track of the child, mum, and ." Mistress "Good gra- cIoub! Why didn't you speak to a po llcoman?" Nurso Girl "I wuz speak ing to wan nil tho tolmc, mum." Lon don Penrson'a Weokly. No Mllllonalro Cimti-imrUu on lUcord. Muuy persons havo lived to be 100 years old, but there Is no record ot a millionaire having obtained that age. HE SUCCEEDS PEFFER. W. A, HARRIS THE NEW SENA TOR FROM KANSAS. A Virginian hy lllrtli ami a Confederal Officer Under Lonuntreet He (Joe Weft In l'nrmilt of III Vocation a Civil Knglncer. HE peoplo of tho whole state of Kansas and of all parties aro nt pres ent felicitating themselves u p o n the excellent Judg ment displayed by the Populists In the selection of a Unit ed States senator to succeed Mr. Peffer. It is tho universal sentiment that the choice could not have fallen upon n moro satisfactory wan than W. A. Hnr rls, who received tho nomination In the caucus of the controlling party. Mr. Harris may In truth be classed as n moderate Popullnt. He was formerly a Democrat and Is known to be conser J vatlvo nnd reliable from every point o. view. He Is on editcntcd man, a prac tical farmer nnd stock grower, nnd In thorough sympathy with western needs and conditions. Ho Is n Virginian by birth and was a soldier In the southern army during tho civil wnr. His education was In tho lino of work as a civil .engineer, and It was this occupation that brought him to Kansas 3oon after the war, whore he was employed In the con struction of tho Union Pacific railroad. Ho was quick to appreciate and take advantage of the agricultural possi bilities of tho new and thriving state, and his Interests have since that time beon closely Identified with those of his fellow farmers nnd stock raisers. Ho acquired a valuable tract of land In Leavenworth County, where he has resided since 1884, and is one of the most prominent and cxtcnslvo stock men in tho state. Tho Harris family consists of a wife and fivo children. Of tho latter thero aro two sons and threo daughters Pago Harris of Dallas, Texas; Craig SOME Tho new American torpedo-boat, Number Six, Is a fine typo of the up-to-dato war vessel. She was launched Inst September from the famous Hcrrcshoff works at Bristol, Rhodo Island, and Is now being fitted up for speed trial in Narragansett Bay. With a capacity of only 186 tons, she will carry a crew of about twenty-five. She Is fitted with ono bow tube nnd two deep tubes for dynnmlto shells. Sho will -also -carry two small quick-firing rifle-guns. Her sister boat, Number Seven, Is now building at tho same works and 'will soon bo ready for launching. Tho dishing, which appears in tho back ground of tho Illustration, Is ono of Harris, now In school; Miss Frances Harris, Mrs. Isabella Byrnes of Now York City, and Mrs. Elizabeth Flnlay SENATOR W. A. HARRIS, ot Dallas. All art children ot his first wife, who died three years ago. An other daughter, Miss Lavlnla Harris, committed suicide at Luray, Va., In 1894, shortly after a romantic marriage to a llvoryuinn named Bohannnn, Tho sad ending of tho young woman's life waB never satisfactorily explained fur ther than that no blamo was attached to the husband or to her father, who had long before become reconciled to tho strango marriage. Col, Harris' present wife, whom he married in 1895, was a Mrs. Bernard utiJill" , ' .jSytTlllfPaaalaBPaw JjggKgfa HHHHHBflHHtMnB JLH Hbk fWWJgBgMajjji jg! llgtfaPgBfJ'fTWfLj-"" iaaJlW &friS BwWLLWaaaaafcLfJjHHpHBal '' ." Z-. ifc?-?''! Jgftluiffi gBtCaH,luli ! Ll'l ?LMalaMaMaMaCJ,' :" nJHLHBW1 '-Sr" i ' 'jtMUtTUiiSlttmitPUKtKILimaU HHj jjlfjTga pmi.n.iwwi'i i wcti i mnrnm piuh mi i i i. i . I 11 1 i iMMmI Murray of Lawrence. Kas. Sho was divorced from her husband a short tlmo before her mnrrlago to Col. Harris, and the husband instituted proceedings against Harris for damnges on a chargo of alienation, but tho suit was subse quently compromised without serious reflection upon cither of the parties. The Harris home Is at Llnwood farm, In Leavenworth County, twenty-seven miles west of Kansas City, on the lino of tho Union Pacific railway, and is ono of the most beautiful and dcslrablo locations In the state. The farm prop er comprises 300 acres of land, much of It In blue grass, which the Colonel prizes highly nnd in which he has great faith In connection with the breeding of fine cattle. Tho family residence Is on a gently rising eminence situated nearly a quar ter of a mile from the main road, It is distinctively a southern house, with broad and Inviting porches, large halls, library, open fire-places, and every thing suggesting convenience, comfort and refinement. Thero are delightful shade trees about the place, the build lugs are all kept In excellent condi tion, and the broad lawn with Its rus tic seats and carpet of grcon give n hearty wolcome to tho visitor. Not far away aro the houses of the herders of the famous imported short-hornB the CruikshankB of which Col. Harris has a herd well known to stockmen all over the United States. Tho cattle wcro Im ported direct from Scotland and are of tho very best strains. Mrs. Harris has already spent ono winter In Washington, whllo her hus band was filling the post of congress-mnn-nt-large, to which he was elected in 1892, defeating the Republican nominee, George T. Anthony, who had been a Union soldier. This was ac cepted In Kansas as a timely and com plete burial of tho "bloody shirt" Issue In politics, on which so many former battles had been fought and won. Two years later, to show that the Issuo had not been entirely wiped out. Col. Har ris was defeated for re-election to tho same office by Col. R. W. Blue, a Re publican and a distinguished Union soldier. This year the war again cuts no figure In tho campaign between the two lending pnrtles, and Kansas, the great soldier state, sends to tho senate a Confederate officer who was n pupil TORPEDO BOATS OF THE NEW tho three torpedo-boats new in com mission. Sho has been In use tor about four years, and is at the torpedo Bta tlon ut Newport. She has a tonnage of 105 tons llttlo more than one-halt that of Number Six. Her equipment of tubes and guns is very similar. Threo torpedo-boats, Numbor Three, Number Four and Number Five, are to bo all of tho same size 132 tons. They are now building at tho Columbia Iron Works, Baltimore, and will be ready this spring. Eleven other torpedo-boats aro In process of construction. Service on a torpedo-boat when in nctlon will bo extremely hazardous. With tho ex ception of a very thin "turtle-back" of Stonewall Jackson In tho Virginia Military Institute nnd a member of Gen. Wilcox's staff in Longstreot's di vision. Col. Harris Is countod upon by, his friends to mako a" meritorious record during his term in the senate and to greatly strengthen tho People's party in the stato and nation. The Cxar Carrie a Itetolvcr. Ever since the assassination of the Czar Alexander II the young emperor of Russia, It Ib said, has' carried about with him a small revolver, which was given to him by his mother, the dowa ger empress' ot Russia, who exacted the promise that' whenever ho was away from tho royal palace he would carry It with him. Since ho has beeen traveling In Europe the emperor has kept tho rovolver ever by his bedside, tho Idea haunting him, as It haunted his mother, and still haunts his young wife, that whenever tho fated assassin appears (as appear he will, they all firmly bellove) he will bo as swift and determined as was tho "patriot" who blow up his grandfather, surrounded as he was by his trusty gunrds and hundreds ot police. When driving, tho emperor has his rovolver, nlways load ed In Its six chambers, In n pocket of IiIb carriage, Just near his right hand. In places where soda water Is made tho atmosphero runs sometimes higher than 2 per cent of carbon dioxide, yet without harmful effect, WHAT'S A PATTERAN7 The Oypty Method of Leaving a Trail Vl.tlile Only to Their Fellow. "You don't know what a pattcran Is!" Inquired surprised ly of tho group about him a man at tho Authors' club tho other evening, says the New York Journal. "Why, that was ono of tho flrst things I learned when I began to. study the gypsies. Tho patteran, or patrln, Is what the Romanies use tor Indlcato tho route taken by a party of, their people Journeying from place to place. It has a great maay forms which would pass unnoticed by thoso not initiated. In some instances a clod of turf, lying at the intersecting point of tour cross roads, Is sufficient to tell a straggler from tho gypsy camp the direction to which hlB friends bavc gone. Only Inst summer, out in Penn sylvania, I camo across It many times. Onco I remember Just because some school children had kicked the clod into a ditch an old gypsy woman who had lingered behind to tell a fortuno wnsn't nble to find her peoplo for two days. Seeing the clod at tho cross roads, you know, the straggler will glance down each of the different ways until ho sees a similar sign which shows him the right one. In every country where there nro gypsies, thoro you will find the patternn among tho Zlgeuncr of Germany, tho Zlncnll of Spain, tho Czljanyok of Hungary, all those roving tribes which aro descend ed from the original wanderers from tho East and there Is very little doubt that tho pattcran dates very far back In the history of their race. Sometimes It takes the shape of a cross, scratched on the ground with a sharpened stick,' tho longer line of the flguro being drawn In the direction In which tho trail leads. A cleft branch or two sticks so placed as to point In a certain direction Is also used. Stones, leaves and handfuls of grass are occasionally employed, and many of the gypsy families formorly had their own parti cular signs, understood by none but themselves. By following these pat terans or trails the first gypsies on their way to Europe never lost each other. It is strange that this curlout practice of the Romanies has so long escaped the attention of the romancist; but It is only comparatively recently NAVY. steel covering over the bow, the boat has no armament; A single well-directed shot from an enemy's gun would send her to the bottom. Even the magazine is unprotected, save by be ing placed below the water-line. How dangerous the service will be can bo determined only when a naval battle shall have been fought by fleets of modern construction. An essential requisite for these boats is high speed. They must have the power to mako sudden attack or rapid retreat. If once they are ablo to plant a dynamite pro jectile against tho hull of an enemy, no weight or strength of steel can withstand the deadly explosion. that a writer ot detectlvo stories made his astute man hunter track a gypsy desperado by means of tho patteran.' Kicyptlan Kmhalmed Alive. Professor Maspero, tho renowneo Egyptologist, is authority for the state ment that among tho royal mummies unbnndagcd In 1866 was ono of a young roan who had evidently beon embalmed alive. Tho body bad boen tightly bound In three places and then coated with bitumen,' llmo nnd pounfi ed resin, and then wound from head to foot with bandages which had been soaked in some glutinous preparation, Tho agonized expression ot tho face and other evidences gave tho scientists their clew. His age was probably about 23. Tho gold ornaments on his body Indicated that he was one ot high rank and likely the victim of some terrible tragedy. Chalk for the Whole World. The English Island ot Thanot (form iuga part of tho county ot Kent) Is al most wholly composed of chalk. Tho Island Is ten miles in longth and abdut five In breadth, and has moro chalk exposed on Us surface than any other spot of equal area on the globe. Brit ish geologists say that thero are not loss than 42,000,000,000 tons of chalk "In Bight" on Thanet.ttmd that It would take 10,000 men and 5,000 horses and carts 20,000 years to move it, provid ing it were dug up ready to be carried away. A COMPLETE FAVORITE. How a Conversational Terror Wm Vaa quhheil by Huprrlor Force. "Well," exclaimed the man with tho fur-trimmed coat, according to the Washington Star, "I never expected to see It, but I'm glad It happened." He was so busy talking to himself as he hurried through the depot that ho ran Into a policeman. "I beg your par don," he exclaimed, as ho observed the policeman's offended dignity. "I reully didn't mean to do It. Things have gone so strangely with me today that I am liable to make most any kind of a blunder; I really am." "What's the matter with you?" In quired tho policeman. "You aren't get ting hysterical, are you?' "Certainly not. I was holding a lit tle Jubilee a sort of Jollification meot lng nil to myself. You see, myself and the other people connected with the dime museum which I manage hnvo been domineered over for a long time by the bearded lady. She's a pop ulist, and I never saw anybody so opln lonntcd. She won't even admit tHat McKlnley's elected. She talks Bllver by tho hour and when anybody tries to nrguc with her she Hlmply opens tho flood-gntcs of her eloquence and washes 'em clear out of the debate. Sho started. In just as soon as we left Now York "to make life a burden to everbody In the car. Talk7 She can articulate faster than Russell Saga makes money. We nil gave up trying to outtalk her long ago. We knew thero was nobody that stood any chance. So we Just let her havo her own wny. But she met her Waterloo at last, and it's ull I can do to keop from singing for Joy." "How did sho meet it?' 'inquired tho policeman, who had condescended to become Interested. "Tho two-headed girl Joined us hero this afternoon. They're mighty bright I mean sho's a mighty bright girl. The bearded lady started In to talk politics and in a few minutes she didn't know what was happening to her. One of the two-headed girl's headB threw the protective tariff at her in sentences a yard long, and the other head gave her hark-from-the-tombs about tho gold atandard. It came like a cy :lonc and tho bearded lady hasn't had word to say for more than three luarters of an hour." "The two-headed girl is quite a hero ine, then, ain't she?" "I should say bo. She was kind o bashful at first, because she has been out of an engagement and wnsn't dressed very woll. I'm going out now to look for a millinery store. I want ,o buy her a couple of handsome new bonnets Just to show her how much we think of her." RECENT INVENTIONS. A recently patented chopping ax has its head in three sections, the blnde having a recess cut In each side to re cctvo tho ends ot the head portion, which Is hinged in the head, the two back pieces surrounding the handle and being attached to tho blade by means of a screw. One ot the novel uses for electricity recently patented consists of a pair of lint, separately Insulated conductors, surrounded by a flexible Insulating and nonconducting material, tho conductors being connected to an ordinary electric light socket by means of a wire, tho current passing through the conduct ors, heating them and warming tho rson using the device. A now handle bar for bicycles has a loop or ring at each end of the bar, thus onabllng the rider to turn his hands at any angle he may desire. To prevent water from freezing In a trough for watering stock a new de vice consists of placing a reservoir in the center ot the trough and placing therein a' number of alcohol or ordin ary lamps to raise the temperature. Bookkeepers will appreciate a new device consisting ot a flat rest, fastened to which Is a telescoping tube to slide up in the back of a book and a flat pro. Jectlon on the opposite side ot the rest lying on the edge or tne book, thus making a support for use in writing at the bottom of the book where thore la nothing to steady the hand. A Chicago man has patented an ex plosive propelling engine light enough to bo attached to a bicycle and which needs only the use of the pedals for tho first few revolutions, whon combus tion Is started and power applied to a piston rod working on the axle ot the rear wheel. A novel fly brush for use In connec tion with doors to prevent files from entering consists of a rotary drum hung on brackets and provided with a number of strips of cloth or paper fas toned only at ono end, so that when the drum Is rapidly rovolved by means of a cord wound round .the drum and at tached to the -door the strips spread out nnd scare tho files from the door way. A' string in the drum winds up tho cord again, thus also closing the door. 4 ltoiejto the Occmlon. Wlflieboy That.doosld Jones girl tried to be sawcasttc at my expense, but I think I made her feel that I was wespected, don't you know. Hargreaves Yes; sho told me about It. Sho said you wero positively queen ly In your Indignation. Indianapolis Journal. Human Nature. A man may battle against fate for fifty years and when ho Anally does reach tho long fought for goal his friends will invariably romark: "Well that lucky old fool!" Now York Joun nal. A Itu