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THE RED CLOUD CHIEF, FRIDAY, MARCH R 1897-
M
y
8?
NEBRASKA INDUSTRY.
STATE YIELDS A MAMMOTH
CROPOF 'CORKSCREWS."
fcach Ono Wi'lsfi Mutiy Tom - - Tliey
Were Mado llrfori' .Mini Wa Tlnmslit
of III I he Si'lii-tiit' of Amurii'uil Do
veloiuimt. (Omaha Letter.)
OME gigantic fos
tills broiiEht from
4 Nebraska recently
ft y 1101, m, ii. uur-
ton, D. C, have
excited much Inter
est In the east.
There are lots of
them In Nebraska,
where they are
popularly known as
"corkscrews." In fact, they are thick
ly scattered through deposits which ox
tend over at least 500 squnro miles,
chiefly In Sioux county, nnd over ull
that region they may be seen project
ing from the sides of cliffs and In oth
er places where the rocky formations
have been worn away by water and
wind.
These freaks are commonly known as
"fossil twisters." They arc of enor
mous size, sometimes as much as forty
feet long; but the most remarkable
thing about them Is the symmetry of
their structure, which Is absolutely
mathematical. As weathered out from
the cliffs, they are always perpendicu
lar, and often they seem to be sup
porting roofs of superposed strata, as
If relics of a bygone stylo of architec
ture. The spirals are wonders of per
fection and elegance; sometimes they
are wound about an axis, while in oth
er cases the axis Is Imaginary, as It
wero, the spirals being free. It Is diffi
cult to realize that these objects are In
reality works of nature and not of urt,
especially because no animal or plant
QUARRYING CORKSCREWS.
capable of producing anything like
them exlstn in the present day.
Tho corkscrews occur In astonishing
numbers In tho region referred to.
One frequently sees hillsides more than
100 feet high studded from bottom to
top with tho great spirals, but more
particularly with tho so-called roots
which project out from them. Some of
the roots are as big round ns hogs
heads, and they were formerly Imag
ined to bo fossil logs, until their reln
tlon to tho screws wera established
by digging tho things out bodily and
entire. The corkscrews look striking
ly like the Instruments employed for
opening bottles, turned with quite ns
mathematical precision, though on a
scale so enormously magnified. Cork
screws, however, always turn in ono
direction, while tho fossil twister Is
right-handed or left-handed Indiscrim
inately. Professor Barbour has established
the fact pretty satisfactorily that they
are fossil plants, nnd that they grew
in water. There was a time, a couple
of millions of years ngo, when Nebras
ka and all tho great basins east of the
Rocky mountains were covered by an
Immenso lake an Inland sea of fresh
water. In this lake the strange plants,
wholly different from any now surviv
ing, grew and flourished. There were
sub-aqueous forests of them thickly
crowded forests of vast extent Each
screw, with Its accompanying root, did
not represent a single plant, but prob
ably a colony composed of many
plants. The. plants were related very
llkely'to modern seaweeds. It may be
imagined that they grew at a depth
of several hundred feet while among
their weird looking storas swam fishes
of types now long extinct.
Tho waters of the mighty lake re
ceived great quantities of sediment,
brought to It by strenms, and this was
deposited on the bottom at a very
rapid rate so rapid, indeed, that It is
difficult to see how plants of any sort
could havo subsisted under such condi
tions. Tho steady deposit of sediment
gradually raised the level of tho bot
tom.'bufylng the giant lako weeds. In
tho course of time tho wntors dried up,
and tho accumulated sediment contuln-1
Jng the corftscrcw-shnped plants be-.:
camo hardenod Into pandstono of a very
fine and even-grained quality. Mean
whl)8 the plantB themselves decay id
and disappeared, tho place of each vc
etable particle being take by a particle
of silica deposited from water. Thus
the forma of tho big weeds were per
fectly reversed, even to tho cell struct
ure, and In this way it comes about
that tho corekBcrews have been kept
over to excite the wonder of a new ngo.
Au KxpeuMvo l'roilui't.
Tho most expensive product In the
world Is tho charcoal filament which lo
,used for Incandescent lamps. It la
mostly made In Paris by an artist
whoso nnipo Is kept secret In order bet
tei' to guard tho process of manufac
ture. Tho filament for lamps of twen
ty cnndle power nre sold for $8,000 a
pound. Tlioso for lamps of thirty can
dles nre worth $12,000,
l
i. Ch iL
w t
yv'
t
WHAT MEXICANS EAT.
(Inn ed Not Leave t'reildent Dlat'
Tuhle Hungry.
Different lauds have different diets.
The usual complaint made by Ameri
cans when they go to Mexico Is that the
fcod Is all alike and so highly seasoned
that If It were different no one could
tell It, says an exchange. No one who
has over eaten nt the table of President
Diaz can make this complaint, for while
the cuisine Is distinctly Mexican the
dinner Is so well selected that tho most
discriminating taste can find nothing
to which to object. Soup comes on,
not clear, but with a thickening of
roasted pea Hour and accompanied by
larded-toasted bread In place of crack
ers. This Is followed by the ever-pres
ent eggs nnd their accompaniment of
fried bananas. One of the 'Ishcs
served If tho dinner Is typically Mexi
can Is bound to be the far famed mole
do guajelote, which has come all the
way down from the days of the Monte
zumns. It Is roast turkey overspread
with a heavy dressing of peppery chile
nnd rich seeds. The tortilla, a small
thin pancake, Is popular among the
rich nnd poor alike, and It will appear
probably rolled deftly and containing
finely hashed meat strongly llavored
with garlic and chile. There arc ac
companiments of freshly sliced toma
toes, spiced lettuce, radishes and other
relishes, and from time to time appear
more substantial viands, such as the
ever-present frljole beans, delicately
browned in lard, prepared as only a
Mexican can prepare them; stuffed
nrtlchokcs, and mutton chops, small
whlteflsh and scalloped oysters, the
latter two being served as a mld-dlu-ner
course. For desert they have Ices,
prepared almonds, preserved fruits,
marmalades, nuts, raisins and a great
variety of rich, fanclly frosted and
Jellied cakes called pasteles. Home
prepared extract of coffee Is poured In
to the cup of each person to finish tho
meal and two or three spoonfuls of this
thick, slrupy and lye-strong concoc
tion are drowned with hot milk, really
making a cup. of coffee of delicate aro
ma and delicious taste.
A BATRACHIAN FREAK.
It Ha Five Leg nnd (live Interesting
J'crfortuani-e.
The famous Calaveras frog has found
a legitimate successor. This one also
lives In California, making his home
near Colma. HIb claim to fume lies
In the fact that he has flvo legs, and
Is credited with the ability to under
stand tho English language. This U,
more correctly speaking, Ills principal
claim to fame; lie is also remarkable
for his toes. Ho has nineteen of these,
three on each hind foot, four on each
of two other feet, and five on the foot
belonging to the extra leg. This leg
Joins his body somewhere forward of
the normal front leg, and is supplied
with regular bones nnd Joints. Tfie
connection with the body Is apparently
perfect. In other respects tho frog ts
like any other frog.
His stylo of traveling, however, 1h
peculiar. With threo legs on the left
side and but two on the other, his
course continually veers to the right,
so that after making a certain number
of jumps, he arrives again at his staff
ing point. It is this curious method
of locomotion that led to his discovery.
James O'Connor, his owner, hnd occa
sion to pass tho Holy Cross cemetery
at Colma, when his attention was at
tracted by tho llttlo reptile's effort to
movo about, which resulted merely In
his describing a series of circles. Af
ter dragging himself about in this
fashion for a few minutes, at an ex
traordinary rate of speed for a frog,
he began to move In an odd way toward
u pond close by, walking solely on his
two front feet. Mr. O'Connor, following
him up under the impression that he
had been injured in some way, then
perceived the extra leg, and realizing
that u genuine curiosity was within his
reach, promptly captured the creature.
A series of experiments soon demon
strated bis ability . to perform the
strangest antics of which any frog wis
ever guilty. In fact, so Intelligent did
he seem, It was very promptly decided
that he must be the very batrachlat
FROG WITH FIVE LEGS. '
immortalized in the fumtllar college,
song.
McGlnty, as he has been named, has
been taught many things which it Is
not supposed that the frog had suffi
cient intelligence to learn. For In
stance, his owner states positively that
when asked which Is tho biggest town
In California, or ought to bo, the frog
will Jump about when Colma .Is men
tioned, but preserves nbsoluto quiet
when any other town Is ileslghated.
Again, Buppose several men to be seat
ed about the tablo on which ho gives
his exhibitions. Mr. O'Connor asks,
"Whom do you like best here?" and
tho frog promptly moves toward th
questioner.
Illack Animal.
"Beware of black aulmals" Is con
bldercd sound advice by a magailno
writer who devotes six pages and nu
merous Illustrations to warnings
against and awful examples of black
anlmnlB, leopards, cats, ravens, beetles
and undertakers' horses.
Mi
THEATRICAL LETTER.
CURRENTSAYlNOS AND DOINGS
OF STAQE FOLK.
A! n u r lea (Imu the Victim of a HURgei
tlon from the New York l'ott- Doing
Double l'urti -Kll of Cockney Dia
lect -Some Salary StatUtlc.
I IB New York
Evening Post
makes tho happy
suggestion that It
Muurlco Grau
should ever lose
the great singers
who now make
opera possible In
New York.he might
create a sensation
bvnroduclnga very
old Italian opera, "Berenice," and put
ting It on the Btage. as It was dono at
Padua in 1700. There woro thrco
choruses, one of knights on horseback,
another of 100 soldiers on foot, and a
third of 100 girls. The triumphal pro
cession was led by forty horn-players
and sixty trumpet players, who were
followed by standard-bearers, pages,
hunters, Turks, Moors, two lions, nnd
:wo olophants. Hcronlce's triumphal
chariot was drawn by six white horsea
and wns followed by twelve other char
lots. Ono of tho scenes showed n for
est In which boars, deer, nnd bears
were being hunted; nnother, tho roynl
stables, with 100 horses. In the final
tableau a largo golden globe descend
d from above, nnd while It hovered
In the atr there came out of It six
smaller blue globes packed with girls
representing the various virtues and
singing a celestial chorus.
Victory Dateman.
Victory Dateman made her debut In
comic opera roles and then essayed
tho Interpretation of various charac
ters In a repertolro presented by Cres
ton Clarke. Miss Bateraun Is above all
things versatile; no role, however dif
ficult, has daunted her, though It has
not followed that she has achieved
succeps In all her undertakings. Miss
Batcman Is a woman of great energy
and ambition. Perhaps her cleverest
performances were those she gave
while In Louis James' company. Miss
Bateman is not a genius, but she 1b a
trustworthy and Intelligent interpreter
of many familiar stage characters. She
has a penchant for Shakespearian roles,
which seldom seem fitted to her style
or hor stage methods. The fact that
she Is sincere covers, however, a multi
tude of histrionic sins.
Kvllt of Cockney Dialect.
There was a stago director with
Henry Irving last season whose cock
ney dialect out-Chevallered Chevalier.
It will be remembered that In "Louis
XI." thero are a number of husky
looking men who take tho part of
Burgundlans. Supers are engaged for
these parts, and It was the place of
the above-mentioned stago director to
drill them. In the second act these
Burgundlans, six In numbet, exit from
Louis' presence, casting upon him
glances of rage, etc. At rehearsal ono
day the supers woro being drilled In
their parts by the stago director and
when it came to the exit he explained:
"As you go out you,-mu8t' look at Mm
with eyes of "ate." The Burgundlans
started and .then Btoppod. One of
Lthelr uutnbor, with a puzzled look,
askc.lr "Say, Mr. A , how can six
of us follows look at Mr. Irving with
eyes o' eight?" Mlas Terry shrieked,
Sir Henry dropped his cano and stared,
and the rest of the company laught d
for fully five minutes.
Doing Dovible Fart.
Actors are frequently called upon to
cloublo parts, but few are ever request
ed to quadruple them, Such an ex
perience befell J, E. Dodson In tho
early days of his career, but the demand
was so diplomatically couched that tho
comedian never discovered the decep
tion until after the rehearsals had be
gun. The play was to bo "The Lady
of Lyons," and tho manager, who was
of an economical turn of mind, thougat
It would be a good plan to have one
, wm
- -
actor play the servant, the landlord,
tho first offtcor and the notary, as they
figured separately In each act. Me
theroforo approached Dodson and said
to him ver courteously: "My dear
boy, I'm going to give you an oppor
tunity to display your versatility. Tht
part I want you to play In 'Tho Lady
of Lyons' ts a ninny-sided utul complex
one. In the first act you are a servant
In the employ of Mme. Dcschsppolles.
You nianagi;. to save some money and
purchase an Inn, ho that In the sec
ond act we see you established as a
landlord, Business being bail and
war having been declared, you decldo
to enlist, and when the curtain rises
on the third act you have been pro
moted to the post of first officer. Pcaco
being concluded, you tire of military
life, and the last act finds you safely
escouced as tho village notary. Now,
my boy, ou have a chance to Bhow
your mettle. It Is the ohnuco of a life
time."
Some Salary StalUtln.
Hillary Hell vouches for the accu
racy of these salary statistics. Grand
opera stars receive ten times tho sal
ary earned by actors. The best of our
players Is glad to earn 100, or, at tho
most, $500 a week. Mine. Calve re
ceives $1,500 a night, and Jean Do
Keszke generally takes $2,500 us his
share of a single performance. Tho
other evening Mclba sang only ton min
utes, so she earned $150 for ench min
ute of actual work. The president of
tho United Stntes works a year for
$50,000, during which period he directs
tho political affairs of 70,000,000 peo
ple, lint Molba's Income for seven
months last year amounted to $380,000.
Yet she began her musical career sing
ing at penny readings In Australia
for a compensation of sixty-two cents,
or two nnd six pence a night. Colonol
Mapleson says that he used to omploy
Jean Do Reszko for $50 a woek. At
present the tenor's Incomo Is $8,000 a
week, or ut the rate of over $400,000 a
year.
I.llllaii Lew In.
An actress of rather indifferent moth-
ods, but one who has succeeded In
pleasing provincial nmllonces Is Lillian
Lewis. Her best work was In tho play,
"As in a Looking Glass." She belonga
to the class known, In tho pnrlanco
of the Rtalto, as a "road star." Miss
Lewis Is a "drawing card" in the weft
and south, and is a woman of attract-
. missj4wi..
Ive appearance and a good 'itage pres
ence, ' '
Origin of "LorrniaCclo'."
"Lorenzacclo," 'by Alfred, do Mussot,
which Is now at the Theater do la
Renaissance, with Sarah Bernhardt in
the loading part, has an Interesting
history. M.'de Musset was 24 years
old when bo wrote "Lorenzacclo." .It
was while ho was In Italy. Ho, arrived
In Florenco In August,' 183(, and thero,
while In search of, themes for stories
that would revivify an' almost forgot
ten past, ho cumo upon a manuscript
written by Vnrchl, tho chronicler of
the sixteenth century. It contained
tho history, with all dotatls, of tho
trngic end of Aloxandro dl Medici, tho
tyrant, assassinated by his cousin Lo
renzo. From this chronicle Do Mussel
drow "Lorenzacclo." Alexander Du
mas employed tho same tragic story In
his "Lorenzlno," produced without suc
cess la Paris In 1842.
V
V l
t
PP I NPIV Tf T RNH MONK" Pork' transferred hi allegiance to thJ
rjunoa x uitflo aiuim. nrUlBh K0Vernnient) aml( IM Piain,r.
PRISDAN OF SIAM TURNS HIS
UACK ON THE WORLD.
Could Not I'lrane the Helgnlng Mona,r.h
and C'oiirluileil to Alianitnn State
craft for Mlinlonary I.nlor May lit
vade Chrlotemlom
(Bangkok Letter.)
IIURSDAY. Nor. 5,
1800, was n great
day In the history
of Ceylon Budd
hism, It was the
tiny when in the
village of Waskad
dua. In tho dis
trict of Kuluttirn,
In Ceylon, nt an
hour when tho sun
was sinking sea
ward, His Royal Highness Prlnco
Phrti Ong Chou Chulln Cham Klan
Prlsdnn Choomnsl, of the reigning dy
nasty of Slam, made the great ronun
elation of royalty and all worldly Ilea
and glory, and betook himself to tho
Three-fold Refuge of Gautama Huddha,
exchanging his priestly robes of gran
deur and gold for the yellow of monk
hood and mendicancy.
After receiving nn elcmontary Eng
lish education In Slam, the Prlnco
went to England In 18711 to complete
his education. He Joined King's col
lege, London, and was a pupil of the
famous Rev. (since Bishop) Alfred Har
ry. D. D. It Is said that his favorite
subjects were applied science nnd
mechanics. In 1878. after ho rcttirnod
from n short visit to Slam, ho went
through n course of civil engineering,
In which branch of learning ho so dis
tinguished himself that he obtained
from tho London Society of Arts u sil
ver mednl for proficiency In engineer
ing nnd architecture, nnd wns mado
nn nssoclnto member of the Institute of
Civil Engineering. He had by then
graduated from King's college with
IN ROBES OF A MONK.
honors. Among the literary nnd oili
er honors ho received In Europe It may
bo mentioned that he was mado an as
sociate of King's collego, London;
member of the Oriental Society of
France, and member of Uio Archaeo
logical Society of Portugal. One can
not holp regretting In recording these
facta that tho crowning event of Prlnco
Prlsdnn's life j this world, tho event
that stands ns a landmark on the bor
derland of tho prince's world and his
no-world, should havo been the begin
ning of monnchlsm and not of u career
for which 1Mb education nnd training
of nearly a quarter of n century well
fit him. But tho regret urlscs only
when it In forgotten that, as great and
many were his distinctions In tho
world, so great nnd slncero was the
sacrlfico Involved In his renunciation
of them. '
On tho completion of his collegiate
:arcer, Prince Prlsdan was appointed
rnterpreter to the Slameso Special En
voy to tho Courts of Englnnd and
Germany. In 1880 he was nppolnted
Interpreter to tho Slameso Envoy
charged with tho honor of Investing
Her Majesty the Queen of England,
their Royal Highnesses the Prince and
Princess of Wales, and Monsieur
Grevy, tho President of the French
Republic, with tho Grand Coidon of
the most exalted Order of tho White
Elephant. He was next Envoy Ex
traordinary and Minister Plenipoten
tiary to the courts of Berlin and Vi
enna. Tho talent and tact he displayed
in his high duties won for him the es
teem of all the European courts he had
anything to do with. Ho was instru
mental In making various treaties be
tween Slam and tho countries of the
west, including the United States of
America, notably a treaty for the reg
ulation of tho liquor traffic with Slam.
Honors were lavished on him and his
name was well known in all European
countries,
In 1883, when Prlnco Prlsdan re
turned to Slam finally from Europe, a
royal proclamation was Issued 'setting
forth all his various services to' his
king nnd his country. Tho, highest of'
Slameso honors were conferred on lilra.v
nnd he was granteu vast, estates" to
enable him to live In stato. Further",
ho was raised to tho hlghoat'fank In
tho Siamese peerage by being' made a
Phra Ong Chou. It '1b not posslblo in
Slam to attain to any rank higher than
tho Pbra Ong Chou, which Is probably'
seconu oniy iu mo uuuur oi Kiugsuip.
' Prlnco Prladhn's career In Slam was
brief and unli&ppy, though ,lt com
menced brightly and, aiigured much
happiness. For A tlmo lie was Cabinet
Minister and hold also the pnsltlou of
Minister of War,, but ho could not
plcaso tho king in all things, nor could
the king blm, Unwilling to abide much
much longer In' a countiy whoro hos
was not In favor and unauio to servo
a king who was dlsHntlsfted with his
services, the Prlnco took tho first stop
toward his self-immolation,' by leaving
Slam, giving up forever all his wealth
and position nnd all tho high associa
tions of royalty. Ho went over to
to A
II -V
i, f W- A
f Mil'
6Q
iLvl 1(1 MT f'i I mm
P. Choomnsl, waa during the last few
years employed as first assistant mair
Utratn and settlement officer of Pcrak,
Even now the Prince Is In tho pay Or
the British government, liln leavo of
ellit moiitlis not yet having expired,
at tho end of whldi period he will for
mally tender Ills resignation.
It wiih about 5 p. in. on Tuur:ulftj
November -5, 1800, when, In the Hina.
upper room of the octagonal paiisal.i
nt Wuskaduwn, Prlnco PrltMlau was ad
mitted to tho monkhood.
Appearing In IiIh state dress, wear
ing his full complement of dccorntlonH,
tho Prince centturcd among the vast
crowtls assembled round die panaln
numbers of silver coins, In token that
so ho renounced all his wealth and
worldly greatness. Then ho addressed
the people In English, bin words bolng
translated Into Singhalese, netting
forth tho nature of tho duties ho was
entering upon, and with an effort ho
broke In two his sword In token of
surrender to his conqueror. All this
was before the vast concourse of tho
assembled multitude, amid shouts of
npplatiBo and ringing cheers of Jubila
tion. But ull the loud beating of
drutiiH, tho shouts of Sndhu, and tho
many and vurletl cries of men, women
nnd children hnd given place to n re
markably Imposing BtlllncBH and calm,
when the Prlnco, clean shaved and clad
In spotless white, presented himself at
the door of tho octngonnl upper room
of tho pansiiln. On an elevation, which
resembled a Catholic altar, wns an Im
ago of Buddha, with sovon candles
burning beforo It In a row. All the
Prlnco's costly npparol and personal
belouglngB three uniforms, wrought
with ornaments of fine, gold, two
Hwords, helmets, n naval cap, etc.
wcro placed on a salver In front of. tho
Imago ns an offering to tho pansala.
On tho floor, spread with gorgeous car
pets, on circular cushions of soft cot
ton, sat a dozen priests. The Prince
was questioned as to his Intentions to
be admitted to monkhood, and then It
wns touching to sco Prince Prlsdan,
prostrating himself before tho Image,
repeat in a solemn, half-heard, halt
hushed voice, after the still more sol
emn Intoning of the officiating monk:
Buddham, Saranam Gacchaml,
Dharman Saranam Gacchaml,
Sanghum Saranam Gacchaml,
tho expression of embracing the Threo
fold Refuge of Buddhism, meaning, "I
go for refuge to tho Buddha. I go for
refuge to tho Law. I go for refuge to
the Order." It Is remarkable that this
Ib the only prayer of truo Buddhism.
Tho novice was then robed In yellow
and shown to the people. Thus It came
to pass that Prlnco Prlsdan of the royal
family of Slam was made a Buddhist
monk, at Waskaduwa, In Ceylon,
After Instruction In the Ten Pro-
ccpts of the Desa-Slla, and a complete
ordination, known aa upasampada, the
novice would bo a full monk, At pres
ent the Prlnco Is nt Waskaduwa, and
he has not yet decided whether he Is to
work In Ceylon or go abroad. As there
Is not In tho ranks of the Buddhist
monks another man so learned in
English and In French ns tho roynl
mendicant nnd trained to western ways
and western culturo as ho, It Is prob
ablo that tho princely monk will be
sont next year to Englnnd on a mis
sionary tour. In tho meant Imo ho will
bo taught Pall and Slnghnlcso to enable
him to understand tho Buddhist Scrip
ture In tho original.
Tho Prlnco Is nn affablo, courteous
and kind-hearted man, and what is
most characteristic of him, moro even
than his devotion an a Buddhist, Is his
great humility.
CHINESE PAQODA.
Oue of the Mod Striking Ilulldlng la
the "Flowery Kingdom."
The most striking buildings In China
are the taporing towers known as pa
godas. These are of brick, covered
with marble, or most generally with
glazed tiles; and are built In stories,
one over the other from three, four,
or five, to r,s many as nine in number.
A CHINESE PAGODA,,,-
.Each story is rcducedlnAWMW, and
has a gallery round it. Throws are
'hollow or sagging and vroint 'a groat
ffoal, the cornors bojn. ;tirvl up
sharply. On these llghtj,bels arp sus
pended which mako a 'constant ring
ing when tho wind blows. Tho roofs
are covered with glazeaMles of various
colors, and the summit ornamented
with a species of spire and flnlal. Tho
nihgt cplebrated of these buildings was
that known as tho porcelain tower of
Nanking. It had nlno stories, and was
about two hundred feet high, exclusive
of the Iron spire. At each unglo was a
bell, making seventy-two In all; and
there wero eight chains hanging from
the top of the flnlal to tho angles of the
splro, anil cnrrylng nlno bells each, or
Boventy-two more. This colebrated
building was destroyed by tho Tnoplngj
when In rebellion in 1853. Almost
every town In China possesses one or
more of theso tAructures, all alike In de
sign but differing in dimensions, and'ln
tho richness of tho material and orna
ments. ,
'Sml'
41
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