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PEESmENTS MESSAGE.
Anmon Communication tots
ndHouaa.
r the Chsef
Views ea the New Tariff
the Tlscilsa Ml m4
Otter Jbttw
WAsmsoTox, Dec. L The Prest
fleata message was submitted to-day.
It is mainly as follows:
TO the Senate aad Bouse of Representatives:
Tfto reports of the several executive tfe
partments, which wiU be laid before the Con
sresi iln tho usual course, will exhibit In de
tail the optration of the Government for the
SSLi"?1 i n,y the mon n
portent Incidents and results, and chiefly
sue!, as may be the foundation of recom
mendations I submit is all that will be re
ferred to in this annual message.
Tho vast and Increasing business of the
Uovcnuncut has been transacted by the sev
eral department- during the year with faith
fulness, energy and success. The revenues.
"HES? t,Jb?TO aWWMW, have been
collected and disbursed without revealing,
o i far as I can ascertain, a single case of de
falcation or embezzlement. An earnest ef
fort has been made to stimulate a sense of
responsibility and public duty in all officers
mm employes of every grade, and the work
done by them has almost wholly escaped un
favorable criticism. I speak of these mat
ters with freedom, because creditor this good
work Is not mine, but Is shared by the beads
f the several departments with the great
body of faithful officers and employes who
serve the Government
THE rAJT-AJlEBICAX CONGRESS.
. Pursuant to the invitation authorized by
Congress, the representatives of every inde
pendent State of the American continent and
f Ilayti, met in conference in this capital in'
October, 1S, and continued in session until
the 19th of last April. This Important convo
cation marks a most Interesting and Influ
ential epoch In the history of tho Western
hemisphere.
It is noteworthy that Brazil, invited while
tinder an Imperial form of government,
fruarcd us a IU;public in the deliberations and
iv&uiia or tnc conference.
THE NEW ncrUKLIC OP BRAZIL.
Toward the end of the past year the o!y
Independent monarchical government on
the Western continent, that of Itrazil, ceased
to exist and was succeeded by a republic.
lipIomatic relations were at onco established
as to the new Government, but It was not
completely recognized until an opportunity
had been afforded to ascertain that it had
popular approval and support. When the
course of events had yielded assurance of
this fact no time was lost in sending the new
Government a full and candid welcome Into
the family of American communities. It is
confidently believed that good relations
between the two countries will bo preserved
and the future will witness an increased in
timacy of intercourse and an expansion of
their mutual commerce.
TUB lUmtL'XIHA KILLING.
The killing of General llarrundiaon board
the Pacific mail steamer Acnpulco, which
anchored on transit in the port or San Jose do
Guatemala, demanded careful inquiry. Wav
ing failed in a revolutionary attempt to In
vade Guatemala from Mexican territory,
General Itarrundia took pasxage at Acnpulco
for Panama. Tho consent of tho represent
olives of the United States was sought to ef
fect his seizure, first at Champrico, where
me steamer touched, and afterward at San
Jose. The eaptaln of the steamer refused to
give up his passenger without a written or
der from the United States .Minister. The
latter furnished the desired letter, stipulat
ing as the condition of bis action that Gen
eral Iiarruudia'H life should be spared and
that he should be tried only for offenses
growing out of his insurrectionary move
ments. This was produced to the captain of
thuAcapuIcoby tho military commander at
San Jose as his warrant to take tho passenger
from the steamer. General Uarrundia re
sisted capture and was killed. It being evi
dent that the Minister, Mr. Mizner.had ex
ceeded the bounds of his authority -in per
mitting, iu compliance with the demands of
the Guatemalan authoities, in effect in viola
tion of precedent, the seizure on a vessel of
the United States of a passenger In transit,
charged with political offenses, in order that
he might bo held for such offenses under
what Mas described as martial law, I was
constrained to recall Mr. Mizucr from his
post.
GENERAL FOREIGN MATTERS.
The Nicaragua canal project, under the
control of our eitizens. Is making most en
couraging progress, all the preliminary con
ditions and initial operations having been
accomplished within tho prescribed time.
During the last year negotiations have
been renewed for tho settlement of the
claims of American citizens against the Gov
ernment of Chill, principally growing out of
the late war with Peru. The reports from
our Minister at Santiago warrant the expect
ation of an early and satisfactory adjust
ment. Our relations with China, which have for
several yuirs occupied so important a place
in our diplomatic history, have called for
careful consideration and have been the sub
ject of much correspondence. The commu
nications of the Chinese Minister have
brought Into view the whole subject of our
conventional relations witli his country; and
at the same time this Government, through
Its legation at Pekin, has sought to arrange
various matters and complaints touching the
interests and protection of our citizens iu
China. Iu pursuance of the concurrent reso
lution of October 1, 18W, 1 have proposed to
t he Governments of Mexico and Great Britain
to consider a conventional regulation of the
passing of Chinese laborers across our south
ern and northern frontiers.
On the 22ddayof August last. Sir Edmund
Monson, the arbitrator selected tinder the
treaty of December 6, 1S8S, rendered an award
to the effect that no compensation was due
from the Spanish Government to the United
States on account of what is commonly
known as the Carios-Rutterlleld claim.
SETTLING THE MEAT I'KOBLEM.
Our relations with the French Republic
continue to be cordial. Our representative
at that court has very diligently urged the
removal of tho restrictions imposed upon
our meat products and it is believed that
substantial progress has been made a just
settlement.
TREATIES.
The Samoan treaty, signed last year at Ber
lin by tho representatives of tho United
States, Germany and Great Britain, after due
ratification and exchange, has begun to pro
duce salutary effects. The formation of the
Government agreed upon will soon replace
the disorder of the past by a staple adminis
tration, alike Just to tho natives and equit
able to the three Powers most concerned in
trade and intercourse with the Samoan isl
ands. The Chief Justice has been chosen by
the King of Sweden and Norway, on the invi
tation of the three Towers, and will soon be
installed. The land commission and the
municipal council are in process of organiza
tion. A rational and evenly-distributed
scheme of taxation, both municipal and
upon Imports, is In operation.
The new treaty of extradition with Great
Britain, after due ratification, was pro
claimed on the 25th of last March. ltd bene
ficial working is already apparent.
TIIE ISEIIRING SEA DIFFICULT!.
The difficulty between the two Govern
ments touching the fur seal question in the
Bchring sea is not yet adjusted, as will be
seen by the correspondence which will soon
be laid' before Congress. The offer to submit
the question to arbitration, as proposed by
her Majesty's Government, has not been ac
repted for the reason that the form of sub
mission proposed is not thought to be calcu
lated to assure a conclusion satisfactory to
cither party. It is sincerely hoped that be
fore the opening of another sealing season
somo arrangement may be effected which
will assure to the United States a property
right, acrivcu irom Kussia, wiiicu was not
disregarded by any nation for more than
eighty years preceding the outbreak of the
present trouble.
THE UELAGOA BAT TROUBLE.
In this connection I may refer with ap
proval to the suggestions of my predecessors
that standing provision should be made for
accepting, whenever deemed advisable, the
frequent invitations of foreign Governments
to share in conferences looking to the ad
jranccmcat of international reform la regard
to science, sanitation, commercial laws and
procedure and other natters affecting the
Intercourse and progress of modern commu
nities. In the summer of I860 an iacideat oc
curred which for some time threatened to la
tempt the cordiality of our relation with
the" Government of Portugal. That Govern
ment selzedTbc Delagoa Bay railway, which
was constructed under a concesskm graated
to an American citizen, and at
the same time anaalled the charter. The
concessionary, who had embarked his
fortune in the enterprise, having exhausted
o'hc: means of redress, was compelled to la
voke the protection of his tjoveraseat. Oar
representations, made coiacideaUy with
those of the British Governmeat, whose sub
jects were also largely Interested, happily re
sulted In the recognition byPortasal of the.
propriety oi suDinittuuj the etaiai Cor
airy, growing out of its action, 1
The plan of settlement having
upon, the interested Powers -readily eea
currcuiniae proposal to submit the ease to
the judgment of three eminent Jurists, to be
designated bj the President or the Swiss aV
pablic, who, apoa the Joint lavitatfea of the
Governments ef theUaRed States. Tm r
and Grew Britain, aav selected aersoei iwatt:
qualiaea to? the task v-wm
The revlaiea ef our trestywltatWXere
of Japan kaseeattaaed to be she rahtrrf f
Mttlflr .- . -. " " T"
4 whim K win eeaty defy to see tbattbe
interests of the United States are notby any
"wges exposed to aadae discrimination I
KSfSfSP wfe1o as will sat
Wy the leBttlautteeRpeetatieasef tbeJaaaa.
cse Government and maintain the present
long existing friendly relation, between J.
ta aad the United Mates wiU be effected.
OUB BELATIOM fftfl XKXICO.
JjriUkl2 - oar country aad
21 b??f ke taMerbood and
Bueagtaened by assay consideration of ii.
mate iatcrcourse and reciprocity, have sever
beea more consfseaoaa than now, nor more
hopef al of increased benefit to both Nation.
The intercourse of the two eeuetries by ran,
already greatr is making constant growth.
The established lines aad those recently pros
pected add to the Intimacy of traffic and open
aewchaaaew of access to fresh areas of de
mand and mpply. The importance of the
Mexican railway system will be further en
hanced to a degree almost Impossible to fore
cast, if it should become a link in the pro
jected Intercontinental railway. I recommend
that ear mission la the City of Mexico be
raised to the arst-t-lass. -
Bxciraocrrr with spain.
The cordial character or our relations with
Spain warrants the hope that by the continu
ance of methods of frjendly negotiation much
may be accomDlisbed in thedirpetinnnf .n
adjustment of pending questions and of the
increase of our trade. Tho extent and the
development of our trade with the island of
Cuba Invest the commercial relations of the
United States and Spain with peculiar impor
tance. It Is not doubted that a special ar
rangement In regard to commerce, based
upon the reciprocity provision of the recent
tariff act would operate most beneficially for
both Governments. This subject is now re
ceiving attention.
Tho restoration of the remains of John
Ericsson to Sweden afforded a gratifying oc
casion to honor the memory of the great in
ventor, to whose genius our country owes so
much, and to bear witness to the unbroken
iriendship which has existed between the
land which bore him and our own which
claimed him as a citizen.
On the 2d of September Inst the Commis
sion appointed to revise the proceedings of
the Commission under tho claims con veil
tlon, between the United States and Venezue
la, of 1S&G, brought its labors to a close with
in the period fixed for that purpose. The
proceedings of the late Commission were
characterized by a spirit of impartiality and
a high sense of justice and an Incident which
was for many years the subject of discussion
between the two Governments has been dis
poned or in a manner alike honorable and
satisfactory to both parties, for tho settle
ment of the claim of the Venezuela Steam
Transportation Company which was the sub
ject of a Joint resolution adopted at the last
session of Congress. Negotiations are still
in progress and their early conclusion is an
ticipated. The legislation of the past few years has
evinced on the part of Congress a growing
realization of the Importanceof the commer
cial relations abroad, and in protecting the
domestic revenues. As the scope or opera
tions expands, increased provisions must be
made to keep np the essential standard or ef
ficiency. The necessity of some adequate
measure oi supervision and inspection has
been so often presented that I need only
commend the subject to your attention.
praeceatiea ofylolatf ef the etoctiea laws
The aamber ef eeaTtetfeae
have a salctary.
Domestic Matter..
RECEIPTS AND EXPENSES.
The revenues of the Govcrnmenajffroin all
sources for the fiscal year ended June, 1890,
were flin.ira.oso.rw.and the total expenditures
for the same period Hero f35S,Cts8l.r.. The
postal receipts have not heretofore been in
cluded in tho statement of these aggregates,
aim lorme purpose oi comparison the sum
of V,842,oa7.i should bo divided from both
sides of the account. The surplus for the
year, including the amount applied to the
sinking fund, was $10641,490.03. Tho re
ceipts ror lfi tvero $16,030,923.79 and tho ex
penditures $ir,739,s71 in excess or IK&j. The
customs receipts increased f5,S35,42.8si,
and the receipts for internal rev
enue $11,723,191.89, while, on the side
of expenditures, that for pensions Mas $19,
312,075.96 in excess or tho preceding year.
Tho Treasury statement for tho current fiscal
year, partly actual ami partly estimated, is
as follows: Itecelpts from all sources, $40tV
000,000; total expenditures, 351,noo,0(0, leav
ing a surplus of $52,000,000, not taking the
postal receipts into account on either side.
The loss ot revenue from customs for the
last quarter Is estimated at $23,000,000, but
from this is deducted a gain of $16,ooo,ooo
realized during the first four months of the
year.
For the year of 1692 tho estimated receipts
are $373,000,000 and the estimated expendit
ures $357,352,209.42, leaving an estimated nur
plus of $15,147,790.58, which, with a cash bal
ance of $52,000,000 at the beginning of the
year, will give $C7,147,7J0.M as tho sum avail
able for the redemption or outstuudingbouds
or other uses. The estimates or receipts and
expenditures ror the Post-office Department
being equal are not included in the state
ment ou cither side.
SILVER CIRCULATION.
The act "directing the purchase ot silver
bullion and the issue of Treasury notes there
on," approved June 14, 1S90, has been admin
istered by the Secretary of the Treasury with
an earnest purpose to get into circulation at
tho earliest possible date the full monthly
amount of Treasury notes contemplated by
his provisions and at tho same time to give
to the market for silver bullion such support
as the law contemplates. The recent specu
lation in the price of silver has been observed
with regret. The rapid riso iu price which
anticipated and followed the passage of the
act was influenced in some degree by specu
lation, and the recent reaction is in part the
result of the same cause and in part of the
recent monetary disturbances.
Some months or further trial will be neces
sary to determine the effect of recent legisla
tion upon silver values, but it is gratifying
to know that tho Increased circulation se
cured oy the act has exerted and will con
tinue to exert a more beneficial Influence
upon business upon general values.
While it has not been thought best to renew
formally the suggestion of an international
conferenco looking to an agreement touch
ing the full use silver for coinage at a uni
form ratio, care has been taken to observe
closely any change in the situation abroad
and no favorable opportunity will be lost to
promoto a result which is confidently be
lieved would confer very large benefits upon
the commerce of the world. The recent
monetary disturbances in England are not
likely to suggest a re-examination of opin
ions upon this subject. Our very large sup
ply ot gold will, it not lost by impulsive leg
islation In the supposed interest ot silver,
give us a position of advantage in procuring
a permanent and safo international agree
ment for the free use of silver asacoin metal.
INTERNAL REVENUE.
I notice with great pleasure the statement
of the Secretary that the receipts from inter
nal revenue have increased during the last
fiscal year nearly $12,000,000, and that the cost
or collecting that large revenue was less by
$110,617 than for the same proportion In the
preceding year. The percentage of cost of
collecting the customs rvenue was less for
tuc last nscal year than ever before.
TBB ARMT.
The report of the Secretary of War shows
several gratifying results attained daring
the year by wise and unostentatious meth
ods. The percentage of desertions from the
army (an evil for which both Congress and
the department have been long seeking a
remedy) has been reduced during the past
year 24 per cent., and for the months ot
August and September, during which time
the favorable effects ot the act ot June
16 were felt. 33 per cent, as com
pared with the samo month of 1989.
The results attained by a reorganization and
consolidation ot the divisions having charge
of the hospital and service records of the
volunteer soldiers are very remarkable.
This change was effected In July 1989, and at
that time there were 44.654 cases awaiting at
tention, more than halt of these being calls
from the pension claims. On the aeth of
June last, though over 380,69 new calls had
come in, there was not a single case that had
not been examined aad answered.
I concur In the recommendations of the
Secretary that adequate aad regalar appro
priations be continued for coast defense
works and ordnance. Plans have oeen prac
tically agreed upon aad there can be bo good
reason for delaying the execution, ot them;
while the defenseless state of our seaports
furnishes an urgent reasoa for wiss expedi
tion. The aid that has beea extended to the mili
tia of the States generally aad moat appro'
pnsiciy aeaigasxea tae "xatJoaai Guard,'
should be continued aad ealaned. The
tlitary orgaaixatloas coatMate.fcm a large
sue, the armvof the United stat. wkii
aeo Bve-sixtas ox the aaaaal coat of
la defrayed by the
THEXATT.
ef them
will, it ;j
restraining iaaueaee. There have
several eases where pueimsnais appointed
by an have beea swbjeeted to violent later
feream in the discharge of their duties aad
penecatleaa aad aersoaal violence ef the
most extreme clmraetera. Some ef these
eases have beea dealt with through the De
partment of Jut ice, aad hi some cases the
post-offices hare beea abolished or ernv
Beaded. I have directed the Postmaster.
General to pursue this coarse la ail eases
There other efforts failed to secure for any
postmaster, not himself to blame, an oppor
tunity peacefully to exercise the duties ef his
office. But such action will not supplant the
efforts of the Dceartmcnt of Justice to briag
the particular offender to punlausaeut.
tbb nmaioR dkfartmext.
The report of the Secretary of the Interior
exhibits with great fullness and clearness the
vast work of that great department and the
satisfactory results attained. Tho sugges
tions made by him are earnestly commended
to the consideration or Congress, though
they can not all bo given particular
mention here. Tho several acts of Con
gress looking to the reduction or
the larger Indian reservations, to the
more rapid settlement or the Indians upoW
individual allotments and to the restoration
to the public domains ot lands iu excess ot
their needs have been largely carried Into
effect, so far as the work was confided to tho
Executive. Agreements have been concluded
since March 4, PTJ, involving tho cession to
the United States or about 14,72C,0GO acres
of land. These contracts have, as required by
law, been submitted to Congress for ratifica
tion and for the appropriations necessary
to carry them into effect. Those with the
Sisston and Wabpcton, Sac and Fox, Iowa,
Pottowatomtes and absentee Shawnees and
Cccurd'Aleno tribes have not yet received
the sanction of Congress. Attention la also
called to the fact that the appropriations
made in the case of the Sioux Indians have
not covered all the stipulated payments.
This should be promptly corrected. If an
agreement is confirmed ail of Its terms
should be complied with without delay and
full appropriations should be made.
DEPARTMENT OP AGRICXLTCKE.
The Secretary of Agriculture deserves spec
ial attention in view of the fact that the year
has been marked in a very unusual degree by
agitation and organization among the farm
ers, looking to Increase in the profits of their
business. It will bo found that tho efforts of
the department have been intelligently
and zealously devoted to tho promotion
or tho Interests entrusted to its care.
The efforts or tho Secretary to establish the
healthfulness of our meats against the dis
paraging Imputations that have been put up
on them abroad have resulted In substantial
progress. Veterinary surgeons sent out by
tho department arc now allowed to partici
pate in the cattle from this country landed at
Knglish docks, andduringthe several months
they have been on duty no case of contagious
pleuropneumonia has been reported.
Tho information given by tho Secretary of
the progress and prospects ot the beet sugar
industry is full of interest. It has already
passed the experimental stage and is a com
mercial success. Tho urea over which the
sugar beet can bo successfully cultivated is
very large, and another field crop of great
value is offered to tho choice of the farmer.
The Secretary of the Treasury concurs In the
recommendation of the Secretary ot Agri
culture that the official supervision provided
by the tariff law for sugar of domestic pro
duction shall be transferred to the Depart
ment of Agriculture.
THE POSTAL SERVICE.
Tho report ot tho Postmaster-General
shows tho most gratifying progress In the
important work committed to his direction.
Tho business methods have been greatly im
proved. A largo economy in expenditure
and increase ot $1,750,000 receipts have been
realized. Tho deficiency this vcar is
$5,788,300, as against $;,350,l$i last
year, noiwmisianaiug tuc great en
largement ot the service. Mail routes
have been extended und quickened
and greater accuracy and dispatch In distri
bution and delivery have been obtained. The
report will be found to bo full of interest and
suggestions, not only to Congress, but to
those citizens who may be interested to know
what business methods can do ror that de
partment of public administration which
most nearly touches all our people.
Tho passage or tho act to amend certain
sections of the Itevised Statutes relating to
lotteries, approved September 19, 1S90, has
been received with great and deserved popu
lar favor. The Post-office Department and
the Department of Justice at once entered
upon the enforcement of the law with sym
pathetic vigor, and already the public mails
hnvo been largely freed from the. fraudulent
and demoralizing appeals and literature em
anating from the lottery companies.
THE PENSION BUREAU.
The disability pension act, which was ap
proved on the 27th or June last, has been put
into operation as rapidly as was practicable.
Tho Increased clerical foiec, as provided.was
selected and assigned to work, and a consid
erable part of the force engaged in examina
tions in the field was recalled and added to
the working force or the office. The exam
ination and adjudication ot claims
have, by reason or improved ineth-
ous, oeen more rap hi than ever
before. There is no economy to the Govern
ment In delay, while there is much hardship
and injustice to the soldier. The anticipated
expenditure, while very large, will not, it is
believed, be in excess or the estimate made
before the enactment or tho law. This liber
al enlargement or the general law should
suggest a more careful scrutiny of bills for
special relief, both as to the cases where re
lief is granted and as to the amount allowed.
THE NEW CENSUS.
Tho enumeration of the people un
der tho provision of tho act of March
1, 1890, has been completed and tho re
sult will be at onco officially communicated
to Congress. The completion of this decen
nial enumeration devolves upon Congress the
duty of making a new apportionment of Itcp
rcsentatives of the several States, according
to their respective numbers.
THE CIVIL SERVICE.
Tho law relating to the Civil Service has, so
far as I can learn, been executed by those
having tho power of appointment in the
classified service with fidelity and impartial
ity, and the service has been increasingly
sat isf actory. The report of t he Comm ission
cr shows a large amount of good work done
during tho year with very limited appropriations.
M
f
Uwwae
The Country's Trade.
I congratulate the Congress and the conn
try upon the passage at the first session of
the Fifty-first Congress of an unusal number
of laws of very high importance. That the
result of this legislation will be the quicken
ing and enlargement of our manufacturing
Industries, larger ana better markets for our
breadstuffs and provisions, both at home and
abroad, more constant employment and bet
ter wages tor our working people and an in
creased supply of a safe currency for the
transaction of business, I do not doubt. Some
of these measures were enacted at so late a
period that the beneficial effects upon com
merce which were ia the contemplation of
Congress have as yet but partially manifest
ed themselves.
The general trade and industrial conditions
throughout tho country during the year
have shown a marked improvement. Far
many years prior to 1868 the raerchamtmt
balances of foreign trade had been largely la
our favor, but during the year and the year
following they turned against us. It Is very
gratifying to know that the last Iscal
year again shows a balance ia oar
favor of over 908,983881 The bank
clearings, which furnish a good test
of the volume of business transacted
for the first tea months of the year ISM show,
as compared with the same months of 18G,
an increase for the whole country of about
8.4 per cent., while the Increase outside of the
City ot New York was over IS per cent. Da
ring the month ot October -the clearings of
the whole country showed an increaaanfxi
per cent, over October. 19W, while outside of
jcw iuo increase was mt per cent.
The value of oar exports ot domestic mer
chandise during the last year was over fUS.
0Ms greater than the preceding year and
was oaly exceeded eaee la our historv
Aboetttcememotthie eesa was iVmrrT:
cultural product. The aredactioa fata
"SL ? eaer1 nE-
perity isahowabyareceat eeasae buUetia
to have beea ia per cent, greater ia 18M thaa
inlaw and the production ef steel mVtE
ae to details
aWe aweam earn NS
huh H win Justify the
wae aeiieve that
conserve
ea of America w
mleiaformatlsaae to the terms of tho act
which baa beea so widely disseminated aft
broad will be cerreetsd by e-
aadtae evil auguries aa to Ms re
sult confounded by the market
the aavlatm banks, lateraatloaal trade
seen aad the general prosperity ef oar pee
ple. Already we begia to hear from abroad
aad from our custom houses that the prohib
itory effect spoa importations imputed to
the set is aot Jest Med. The Im
ports at the port ef Xew York
for the first three weeks ef November were
nearly 8 per cent, greater than for the same
period la 19 aad 29 per cent, greater thaa la
the same period of 18, aad so far from be
ing an act to limit exports I confidently be
lieve that under It we shall secure a larger
and more profitable participation la forelga
trade than we have ever enjoyed aad that we
shall receive a proportionate participation
in the ocean carrying trade of tho world.
The criticisms of the bill that have come to
us from foreign sources may well be rejected
for repugnancy. If these critics really be
lieve that the adoption by us of a free trade
policy or of tariff rates having reference
solely to revenue would diminish the partic
ipation of their own countries In the com
merce of the world their advocacy and pro
motion by speech and other forms ot organ
ized effort of this movement among our peo
ple is an exhibition of unselfishness la trade.
And on the other band It they believe the
adoption of a protective policy by this conn
try Inures to their profit It Is noticeably
I strange that they should lead the outcry
against the authors or a policy so helpful to
them, and crown with their favor those who
would snatch from them a substantial share
of a trade with other lands already inade
quate to their necessities.
There is no disposition among any ot our
people to promote prohibitory or retaliatory
legislation. Our policies are adopted not to
the hurt of others, but to secure for ourselves
those advantages that fairly grow out of our
favored position as a Nation. Our form or
Government, which is Incident or universal
suffrage, makes it imperative that we should
save our working people from the agitations
and distresses which scant work and wages
that have no margin for comfort always be
get, but after all this Is done it will be found
that our markets are open to friendly com
mercial exchange of enormous value to the
other great powers. From the time
of my induction into office the duty
of using every power arid Influence
given by the law to the Executive Depart
ment for the development of larger markets
for our products, especially our farm pro
ducts, has been kept constantly iu mind and
no effort has been made or will be spared to
promote that end. We are under no disad
vantage in auy foreign market except that
we pay our workmen and workwomen better
wages than arc paid clsuwhere better ab
stractly better relatively to the cost of the
necessaries ot life. I dd not doubt that a
very largely increased foreign trade is acces
sible to us without bartering for either our
home market for such products ot the farm
and shop as our own people can supply or
me wages oi our working people.
In many of tho products of wood and iron
and In meats and breadstuffs wo have ad
vantages that only need better facilities of
intercourse and transportation to secure for
them largo foreign markets.
The reciprocity clause of the tariff act
wisely and effectively opens the way to se
cure a large reciprocal trade in exchange for
tho free admission to our ports ot certain
products. The right of independent nations
to mako special reciprocal trade concessions
is well established, and does not impair
cither the comity due to other Powers or
what is known as the "favored nation
clause," so generally found in commercial
treaties, unat is giveu to one lor an
adequate agreed consideration can not be
claimed by another freely. The state of the
revenue was such that we could dispense
any import duties upon coffee, tea, hides and
the lower grades of sugar and molasses, thnt
the largu advantage resulting to the country
produciii-; and exporting these articles by
placing them on tho free list entitled us to
a fair return in the way of customs. Conces
sions upon articles exported by us to them
was so obvious that to have gratuitously
abandoned the opportunity to enlarge our
trade would have been an unpardonable er
ror. There were but two methods of obtain
ing control of this question open to Congress
to place all of thso articles upon tho dutia
ble list subject to such treaty agreements as
could be secured, or to place them all pres
ently upon the free list, subject to the
relmposition or specified duties ft
tho countries from which wo re
ceived them should refuse to glvo to
us suitable reciprocal benefits. This latter
method, I think, possesses great advantages.
It expresses in advance the consent of Con
gress to reciprocity arrangements affecting
these products which must otherwise have
been delayed and unascertained until each
treaty was ratified by tho Senate and the
necessary legislation enacted by Congress.
Experience has shown that some treaties
looking to reciprocal trade have failed to se
sccure a two-thirds vote in the Senate for
ratification, and others having passed that
stuge have for years awaited the concurrence
or the House and Senate in such modifica
tions ot our revenue laws as were necessary
to give effect to their provisions.. We
now have tho concurrence of both
houses in advance in a distinct and
definite offer of free entry to our ports or
specific articles. Tho Executive is not re
quired to deal in conjecture as to what Con
gress will accept. Indeed this reciprocity
provision is more than an offer. Our part of
the bargain Is complete, delivery has been
made, and when the countries from which
wcrcccivo sugar, coffee, tea and hides have
placed on their free lists such of our pro
ducts aa shall be agreed upon as an equiva
lent for onr concession, a proclamation of
that fact completes tho transaction, and in
the meantime our people have free sugar,
tea, coffee and hides.
The indications thus fsr given are very
hopeful of early and favorable action by the
countries from which we receive our large
imports ot coffee and sugar, and it is confi
dently believed that it steam communication
with these countries can bo promptly Im
proved and enlarged the next year will show
a most gratify lug Increase in our exports of
breadstuffs and provisions, as well as of
some important lines of manufactured
goods.
mmh of she eHrtor to the beJ
aVataftaa) BBtaBBbaahef fear
BOB
eaeaHS BaWwaTCi emewatVflCaams1 ammpmrV I twJJBwaVfJiVeV mmwoJB
ami if it aba hafmea that the
lava talsBltt to i nieces these
I NKIUSIvA STATE NEWa
ee true
k. Such a
be abas lastly aea-pertlesa aad
It aaeaht give the advantage to
the eeatrol to majorities, tartly
tlus creed
that the praaMr ef
right fall
aot there, it la aot btcaaec the law
ssctleasl. bat bceaesa happily crime i
aot aalversaL Her sboeid H be
that every law. whether re
lating to elcctleas er to -any other sub
ject, whether enacted by the State or
by the Net toe. baa force behind the courts,
the marshal or couaUble, the passe romlta
tas, the prisons are all and always behind
the law. Oae can not be Justly charged with
anfricndliaese to aay pectloa or class who
seeks only to restrain violations of law and
et aersoaal right. So cemmunily will find
lawlessness profitable. No community can
afford to have it known that the omrrrs who
are charged with the perservation of the
public peace aad the restraint of the crimi
nal class are themselves the product of fraud
or violence. Tito magistrate is then with
out respect and the law without sanction.
The foods of lawlessness can act be levied up
on and made to run in oae channel. The kill
ing of a United State marshal carrying a writ
of arrest for aa election offense U full of
prompting ana suggestion to men who are
pursued by a city marshal foracrimeagaiuat
life or property.
Butltisaald that this legislation will re.
vive rare animosities, and some have even
suggested that when the peaceful methods
ot fraud are made impoaalble tey may bo
supplanted by Intimidation and violence. If
the proposed law give to any qu a! Ified elect
or by a hair weight more than his equal In
fluence or detracts by so much from any other
qualified elector. It is fatally Impeached. But
It the law is equal aud the animosities It
evokes grow out of tho fact that aome
electors have been accustomed to exer
cise the franchise for others as well sa for
themselves, then tbeao animosities ought
not to be confessed without shame, and can
not be given any weight In the discussion
without dishonor. No choice is left to me
but to enforce with vigor all laws Intended i
to secure to the citizen his constitutional i
rights and to recommend that the inadequa
cies or such laws be promptly remedied. If
to promote with seal and ready in
terest every project for the develop
ment of its material Interests. Its
rivers, hnrbors, mines and factories aud the
Intelligence, peace and security under the
law of its communities and homes Is not ac
cepted as sufficient evidences ot friendliness
to any State or section, I can not add con
nivance at election practices tliat not only
disturb local results, but rob the electors ot
other States and sections of their most price
less political results.
Legislation Keeemmeaded.
I had occasion in May last to transmit to
Congress a report adopted by the Interna
tional American conference upon tho subject
Of incorporation of aa International Amer
ican bank, with a view to facilitating money
exchanges between the States represented In
Dm. h W. Fuxcar of Beatrice, has
aervea aet!cw ea Geerr W. Celiia.
State StBater-o.ect for (Jaffo County,
that ho wiU eatei the e!rctte ew the
fTeead of errors la the couau CeUiaV
apmveat majority was tX
Tarn otter aht Mike Sneuttsat aad
adele Mllliak visited a aaloea near
she Ualoa facile Wfdje at Omaha, and
after uriaklBf freely for more thaa aa
hoar started home, aad ia the darkaea
stepped ea the railroad track ia treat
ef a atoek traia aad both were lastaat
lr killed.
Tbe York Couaty Afrf cultural Asso
ciation proposes to take up tho Uoatloa
of sugar-beet culture aa4 arrange for
experimental work to determine the
adaptability of the toil aad climate of
the couaty for the successful productloa
of the crop.
Is aa examiaatioa ot a maa charged
with insanity before tho ianaae coin
mission of Greeley Couaty the other
day, a witness who testified that, he
thought the man !nane gti among
other reasons for this conclusions, tUat
the patient washed M face three times
a day.
Thk work of a flnyorlo-n former re
ccatly came to liht at Lincoln. His
name is Georgo C Coy and be was
formerly a fanner near that c.ly
About a year ago hb wife died. Ilo
sold his spaa of mules to a neighbor
named A. G. Wilson and took Wilson's
Bote, with a good Indorscr, for S"24t),
payable in one year. Coy th, n wrolo
out two more notes, perfect duplicate
of the one given by Wilson, and caliod
all three at different banks. Coy ha
no fingers on his hand, and vol his
forgeries are very clever. He held hU
pen by moans of a strap around hU mu
tilated hand. When the notes became
due the fraud was discovered. In tho
meantime Coy ha J married again end
deserted his wife in a few days.
Tuc commission appo nted by Gov
ernor Tbaycr to devise measures for re
lieving tho suffering duo to the short- i
. . .. I V- .1 I.. I . ... . ,-. I
5 vi trujis iu .icurMi uas aUUllllUCU
a report showing an almost total failure
of crops In twelvo counties and that
10,000 families are In need of assists
ance. Tho Governor discourage ap
peals to outsldo States lo-it it injuro the
creditor Nebraska, but promises relief
when the Legislature moots. In Fron
frees the -"-- -
jecee f tJaurcau mg, semMsed adjeh the
medicinal virtore ef ptoata kawa te be
asset bsastVtal the humaa ej is, arte
waUy.ou the kidaeya, liver e4 bswHo.
esvtaUy rlsaatlag I he system, ihestwmi
com aad hwssmtbss, ami eartag hsmftsaa
eeastipstiea.
Wiijua
electricity first
a-hlUag,
teacher, "hew sM
free the efeesr It
wslagUFBH
Wa
turisoa.
k vstee. a&d
I
vaiue evsrytaJsg
atrr aad air hee utrt.
la ttta wtU by
m vatoc. and jet Jay GU. If fi
a tfeedcacrt, wotiM give att ate wraith fr
le we tormrr. and think It
hence. lUe and health are ta UadefOel
all values. I fytmr ,? 1 taliof tsJU.
rii?H wiU " Trf7 lTMe. a trrr dra
el KS15trTWrS A&thbvtA wit! u.V ..
!1 -,t .. ..- I. "..,"".?"'
to pay I
yJACmBSOlL
cunts tnuitutfiemTtv
jBaur, eVKmVa
rt?.
riwmso He.
cm
to H. Is
f sanwrtetef
terna to a
J. Jt.L tvatsa.
Wf mwvaVrfjf "at
4ruHB.
Vrviaein
t tese s"e'f
lr-e MM
Amat tjBBamfr amaml Kaamm.
-m mBTsaua BBBBeaj mmffuraa)
t veeBt
t tjf me ef 8
S.J tis
IT M TNC MST.
Uoa dvilar a high prke
Tw f sell eg gre-gy," aa U pwgmt a34
whoa he rit dawn aaetherceckUii-St J
tfbSewsv Au. rases ef wrsk or Umo bark, backset,
rheumaUsstf will find ntUt by wMag ea
of Carter a Hmart Weed and tvuat&en
Backache fiestar. IVkv atcrata. Try t feeuv
i i
A voip estreuKW. A maa. as wU as a
blcult. ran be wil-errd without Wlsg
crusty. Boated Transcript.
' m j
PsstxT don't mean tebe uakiad to their
children, but they are when lknr fall u
ocvaionally give them Dr Hull's Werw. Ie
atreycrs-
SraaxoB that people g Kouth fr the wla
br when we have so much of it ia the Xottis.
-Claire Uasetta.
'
Ja v V.n: rrr rru ri a ttUti k fvi.
- - - i . isssr se tieistvM uv 'v ""
eao, docs a t-V baslaes -, and it Is ea setisf ac
tory as Urge. Ho udTrrtisca in this paper a
fm Dr) (foods asd Holiday CaUigkie.
Sixacs.tnt.T enough. It is net the tanne
of a wafon that tnaars the noise
fltsT. easiest to use aad cheat I. Plse'a
ftemody t or Catarrh. My druggist, the.
I ' - i -ifi rir -r-Bjar-neoji aw skmia.maa.
ifta GAIN
j j mhaHe " f SVJ 1 4Bmao sjevaaaaaa
J lamtaf bXI K tee ttJrmwJJae
i j F-F A Day.
. .. B
i
A OaS or a HTr A rT t th
CM cr a Wa w w H ttcows. U.
tr tow.V t h assy," tt vaaa
Ttir at.Mts.kUct ittK rsotxa.
SCOTT'S
HULSfON
r rttf est uvn in wim
Hypophotphitcs of Urn A Soda
u jotm?u tfdAi. Titr r
M stf rxarozMfcrkOYta ojw
ACt. !'.wt.tix a suta:. 1H
ZttstKttev rmKi $OU V UL
ittvcuttr. Avoir jvwrmtmojn
tatlTArtOM.
: t
pfmajgpahai
that conference.' guch an institution would iter County tboro aro 8,000 people and a
areemt!e rffa-trVja raln uurmi bmi aaVInn 4a ... "
B11L
snips KX-iBeaaryaave made veryaatiafaet-
ocyavuaiam. sum area , bub, bJbo
i testis aavc aeeapus ta
dariag the wiatorfear
aw eaaaTTaaasaa aBammnaaB m
both ia the
with every
the
The Klectl
If any Intelligent and loyal company ot
American citizens were required to catalogue
the essential humane conditions ot National
life, I do not doubt that with absolute unan
imity they would begin with "free and hon
est elections." And it is gratifying to know
general desire was a growing and non-partisan
demand for better election laws. Bat
against this sign ot hope and progress must
oe set the depressing aad undeniable fact
that election laws and methods are some
times cunningly contrived to secure minor
ity control while violence completes the
shortcomings of fraud. In my last annual
message I suggested that the development
of the existing law providing a Federal su
pervision of Congressional elections offered
an effective method of reforming these
abuses. The need of such a law has mani
fested Itself In many parts of the country,
and Its wholesome restraints and penalties
will be useful ia alL The constitutionality
of such legislation has beea affirmed by the
Supreme Court.
Its probable effectiveness is evidenced by
the character of the opposition that is made
to It. It has been denounced as it it were a
new exercise of Federal power and aa inva
sion of the rights of the States. Xoth!ag
could be further from the truth. Congress
has already axed the time for the eleetioa of
aaembcrs at Congress. It has declared that
votes for Baambers of Congress mast be by
written or printed ballot. It has
provided for the appointment bv the
circuit courts ia certaia cases, and apoa the
pctitioa of a certaia aamber of citizens ef
eleetioa supervisors aad made it their duty
to supervise the registratloa of votes coa
ducted by the State omccrs;tochalleage per
sons offering to register; to personally ta
spcrt aad scrutinize the registry lists ami to
affix their Barnes to the lists for the paresis
ot ideatiacatioa aad the preveatlea ef
frauds; to attend elections aad reasaiawlth
the boxes tin the votes are couated; to at-
saea so tae registry lists aad eleetioa
aay statement toaehiae-
fairaese of the registry aad
to take aad traasmJt to the clerk ef
of
of fraodulesaractieea which
to teem. Ttoaamelaw
the apaemtmoat ef dtaats raited
to sli aad to the
iathedawharge ef their
amaoa Tteaetmar tae
mwa.
the revised
by both tawareat aeUtteal aawtMaiaaai
leai jeia.aaweuaa m
with the
It ia aot; therefore, a
areejaral aleetmmMur. fas-
. - - : - .:
aave
Ttors,
greatly promote the trade we aro seeking to
develop. I renew tho recommendation that
a careful and well guarded charter be
granted. I do not think the powers granted
should Include those ordlnurlly.exrrcised by
trust, guaranty, nnd safe deposit companies.
or that more branches in the United States
should bo authorized than aro strictly
necessary to accomplish the object primar
ily In view, namely convenient foreign ex
changes. It M unite Important that prompt
action should be taken In this matter in or
der that any appropriations for better com
munications with these countries and any
agreement that may be made ror reciprocal
trade may not be hindered by tho Inconven
ience of making exchanges through Kuro
pean money center or burdened by the trib
ute which Is an Incident of that method of
biiHliie.
The bill for the relief of the Supreme Court
ban, after mitny yean of discussion, reached
a position when final action Is easily attain
able, and it Id hoped that any differences of
opinion may be so harmonized as to huvo
the special features of this very Important
measure.
In this connection I earnestly renew my
rccommendatloii that tho salaries of the
Judges of the United States District Courts be
so readjusted that none ot them shall receive
a salary lcs than $3,000 per annum.
The subject of the unadjusted Spanish and
Mexican land grants and the urgent neces
sity of providing some commission or tri
bunal for the trial of questions ot title grow
ing out ol them were twice brought by me to
the attention or Congress tho last session.
llllls have been reported from the proper
committees ia both houses upon the subject
and I very earnestly hope that this Congress
will put an end to the delay whleh has at
tended the settlement of disputes ns
to title between settlers and claim
ants under these grants. These dis
putes retard the prosperity and disturb
the peace of a largo and Important
community. The Governor of New Mexico
in his last report to the Secretary of tho In
terior suggested some modification of the
pending bills relating to the small holdings
of farm lands. I commend to your attention
the suggestions of the Secretary of tho Inte
rior upon this subject.
The enactment of a National bankrupt law
I still regard as very dcslrabPE 'The Consti
tution having given to Congress Jurisdiction
of this subject It should be exercised and uni
form rules provided for the administration
of the affairs of insolvent debtors. The In
conveniences resulting from the occasional
and temporary exercise of this power by
Congress, and from the conflicting State
codes of insolvency which come Into force
intermediately, should bo removed by the
enactment of a simple, Inexpensive and per
manent National bankrupt law.
I also renew my recommendation In favor
of legislation affording Just copyright and
protection to foreign authors on a footing of
reciprocal advantage for our authors abroad.
It may still be Impossible for this Congress
to Inaugurate by suitable legislation a
movement looking to uniformity and In
creased safety in use of couplers and
brakes upon freight trains eagaged In Inter
State commerce. The chief difficulty Is to
secure agreement as to the best appliances,
simplicity, effectiveness and cost being con
sidered. This difficulty will only yield to
legislation which should be based upon full
Inquiry and impartial trial. The purpose
should be to secure the co-operation of all
disposed managers but the fearful fact that
every year's delay involves the sacriacc of 2,
008 lives and the ruining of 2,889 young men
should plead both with Congress aad tht
managers against needless delay.
The subject ot the conservation aad equal
distribution of the water supply of the arid
regions has bad attention from Congress but
has not as yet been upon a- permanent and
satisfactory basis. The urgency of the sub
ject does aot grow out of aay large present
demand for the use of the lead for agricult
ural purposes or of the danger that the water
supply aad the sites for the necessary Vetch
basins may fall into the hands of in
dividuals or private corporations and
be used to render subservient
the large areas depeadaat upea such supply.
The owner of the water ia the owner of the
lands however the titles may run. Unappro
priated natural water sources and all neces
sary reservoir sites should be held by the
Government for the use, at fair rates, of the
homestead settlers, who will eventually take
up these Undo. The United States should
aotja myoplaion, undertake the construe,
tloa of dams or canals, but should limit work
to such surveys aad observations as will de
termine the water supply, both surface
and subterranean, the land capable
of Irrigation aad the ase, location aad stor
age capacity of reservoirs. This done, the
use of the water aad of the reservoirs might
be granted to the respective States aad Ter
ritories, or to iadividueJs er aseociatkms
upon the condition that the
should be constructed am
alshedat fair rates without disrriaUaatioa,
the rates to be subject to sepervisloa by
the Legislatures er by boards of
water commissioners duly
The essential tamg to be secured is the
bob aad equal ase at fair rate of theae
cuaralated water supply. It were almost
better that these lands should remala arid
thaa those who occupy them aaeeM become
the. staves ef the aareetrslued BMaopoUea
coaarelimg tae csseatial etoammt ef
values aad crop resells.
The ase of the teiegiaphbythe
of
Is. I believe.
earn
lead
large portion of ihctn may becomo des
. tltuto. Wheat only yioldod one, or at
most two, bushels to the acru There
aro no vegetables. All tho salable stooK
.- lias been disposed of and tho remainder
is being killed. The commlttco says
that the destitution is greater than that
' caused by tho Johnstown flood or tho
Chicago lire.
It. S. Cuaxk. a young Omaha lawyer,
was recently purchasing tlokots at th
depot at Oxford for himself aud Mi
Una Ho! dredge, a young girl, who had
corao with him from Arapahoo. whm
the girl's fatbor. who had followed
them, stepped up U tho window and,
pointing a pistol at Crane's head, lired.
The ball failed to hit tho mark and
Crano boat a hasty retreat, pursued by
tho irato father, who Hrcd again, but
missed.
1'rofi.K who gathered at tho Kden I
Musco at Lincoln tho otlwr night to
witness tho comic performanco worn I
treated instead to a tragedy. One of tho
principal actors. George Taylor dropped
dead whllo psrforming his part Ho
was a song and danco arfst and whllo
winning plaudits by bis clever perform
ance his muscles suddenly rolaxcd and '
ho fell heavily to tho floor of the stage,
and died In a short time.
Mil G.itt:tsox, a farmer living threo
miles northwest of Elm Creek, was
kicked in tho face tho other ovenlng by
a horse Ho was disfigured in a horrible
manner and his skull was fractured.
His chances for rocovery were said to
bo very uncertain.
Thk farmers of tho northern part of
Antilopo County arc ag tatlng the ques
tion of cultivating sugar bcet-t.
Tiikiib will bo 5H witnesses called In
tho contest which has been Instituted
by Ed. J. Hall, tho Kuprcsentatlvc-eleut
from Hall County.
Tkk settlers on Big Ilordoaux creek,
six miles cast of Chadron, held a meet
ing recently to organize for defense
against tho Indians. A disputu a rone
among them in regard to the plan of dc- !
fenso and r. M. Mrickland was shot by
Marion Thornton with a revolver, but Is
recovering. UisanUgoaistdid notscalp
him.
W. W. Hank residing near Lexing
ton, recently tripped on a barb wire and
fell to tho ground with such forco tha
internal injuries woro received which
produced death.
JUDOK X. P. Cook, an old time cit'zon
of Chadroa. died recently in the insane
asylum at Yankton. S. D.
TlirjKE has been nearly three hundred
tons of broom corn raised and cured for
shipping around Greenwood thh year.
E. J. McKknxa, a farmer near Teka
roab, committed suicide recently by
placing the muzzle of a double barreled
shotgun at his breast aad pulling the
trigger. Ho leaves a wife and four
small children.
A. H MonK, aa old man who bad
bad several trials upon the chargn of
poisoning h a young wife a number of
years ago. had beea onco convlctod aad
was uader bonds for a bcw trial, died
recently at Beatrice
RooraV elevator at Miadcn was re.
cent! j destroyed by Are. together with
S,00 bushels of wheat, ,Sm bushels ef
peas and a quantity of flour. The loss
amouated to flG.MO, with 9X2,8 insur
ance. The other daj Thomas Mares, who
resides two miles east of YVtlber, was
seriously wounded in the abdomen by a
ball from a small rife ia the bands of a
flf tee a-j ear-old boy aamed Cyrus Huat,
who was hunting oa the farm of the
former with a cempaaioa. Mires or
dered the boy off hi laad and
proceeded to enforce his order with a
club, whea tha boy shot him. The boy
was arrested.
i expert who has beea examining
of tho Suntoa Couaty oft-
ciaU far the past tea years has reported
two ex-coaaty clerks aad three ex
nn short ia amounts raagiBg
ireex aaaa ri.99
Fames living aear Tobias have
Jately beea euaeiacrably excited ever
the appearaace ef a paather, which has
killed a aamber ef hogs.
Tae old settlers of Suabm Couaty
heva ergaaised aa aasoclatiew ami a
wilt be given at Pllger Deeem-
IXA,
IIP" s
CrrisLum
Iftlp yxtr$tf
if you're a suffering woman, with
the medicino that's been prcpaml
especially to help rem Dr. Pierce's
Favorite Prescription. It will Jo it
whero others faiL For all the JU
casea peculiar to tho sex dragging
down pain, displacements, an! other
weaknesses, it' a voiirira rcrnedv.
It means a new life, and a longer
one, lor every Uelicato woman. In
every case lor which it's recom
mended, it given satisfaction. It's
guaranteed to do so, or the money
u refunded.
It improves digestion, inrieraUm
tho system, enriches the blood, dia
ncls aches and pains, produce re
freshing sleep, dispels melancholy
and nervousness, and build up bota
ileh and strength. It ia a logili
1 mato nictttcine not a beverage.
, Contains no alcohol to inebriate ;
no syrup or sugar to sour or
ferment in the stomach aad cause
distreiM. As peculiar in its mar
velous, remedial results aa in its
composition. Therefore, don't be
' put of! with some worthksa com
I pound easily, but diehosiesUy, re
ommended to be "Jaat aa good."
VASELINE-
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