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AitP-Mtioti From tha
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JtMte of Uto usual sermon ReyT.
, DeWltt Talmage, who Ih abroad, gavo
ut tbe following letter for publication,
'' watch will be of interest to all reader of
alatermnns. It is datod Constantinople:
On leaving America I addressed some
word of farewell to my sermonlo read
r, and now, on my way homo, I write
this letter of salutation, which will
probably roach you about tho Monday
that will Ind me on the Atlantic ocean,
from which I can not reach you with
the vaual sermon. 1 havo completed
the Journey of Inspection! for which I
came. Othora may wrlto a Hfo of
Christ without seeing tho Holy Land.
I did not foel competent for auob a
work until 4I had seen with my own
yea thn aaorod places; and so 1 left
homo and church and native country for
most arduous undertaking. I have
visited tho scenery connected with our
Lord's history. Tho w.holo Journey has
been to me a surprise, an amasement, a
.grand rapture or a deep solemnity. I
.have already sent to America my Holy
Land observations for my "Llfo of
'Christ,',': and tboy woro wrlttqn on horse-,
Tmekv on 'muloback, on cainolback, in
ahip's deck; by dim candle In tent, In
mud hovap of Arab village, amid tho
ruins of eld cltlos, on Mount of Hoatl
tudes, on beach of. Uenesnreth, hut it
-win take twenty years of sermons totoll
What I have aeon and felt on this Jour-
ney through Palostlne and Nyrla. All
things have combined to make our tour
instructive and advantageous. The At
lantic and. Mediterranean and Adrato
nd Egean and Dardanelles and Mar
-mora seas have treated us well.
Hince wn left Now York we havo had
but a half day and one night of storm,
nd that whllo crossing Mount Jlornion.
Vutlet thoHO nnlv In mlmal. h'naltt. nt.
tempt'togn thn length of Palestine and I
oynn on norsouacic. i uo not think It, Is
because of tho unhealthy climate in tho
Holy Land that so many have, sickened
nd died there or afterward' as a result
of visiting those lands, hut because of
the fatigues of travel. Tho number of
miles' gives no indication of tho qxhaus
tion of the way. A hundred and fifty;
miles in Palostino and Syria on horse
back demand. as much physical strength
r a 400 miles on horseback in regions of
aay Journey.
Becauso'of tho nearly two mohths of'
bright sunlight by day, ami bright moon
light or starlight by night, tho liulf day
of storm was to us tho most memorable.
It was about noon of December l that
the tempest struck us and drenched the
mountains. One of tho horses falls and
we halt amid blinding rain. It is
iretsUtg sld.f ringers and feet like Ice.
"Twe hours and three-quarters liefore on
otrapment' We ride on In silence,
loBging for the terminus of to-day's
pilgrimage. It Is, through the awful
Inclemency of the weather, the only
dangerous day of the Journey. Slip and
lido and tumble and climb and descend
we ,, aometlmM on the horse and
aoaaftlme off, unUl at last we halt in
the 'hovel of a village. nd instead of.
entering oamp for the night we are glad
.And this retreat from the storm. It
la a house of one story, built out of mud.
My room la covered with a roofbf goat's
hair. A feeble flro mid floor, but no chim
ney. It ia the best bouse of the village.
'( Arabs, young and old, stand around In
wonderment as to why wo came. There
la nowindow ia ihe room, but two lit
tle opening, ono over the door and tho
.'other In the wall, through which latter
uaing Loecnstonalty find Arab face
thmat to ase how I am progressing. Hut
the door is open so I have some light
This Is an afternoon and night never to
bo forgotten for its exposures and ac
quaintance with the hardship of what
n Arab consider luxurious apartment
I aat that night by a Ore, the smoke of
which, finding no appropriate place of
exit, took lodgment In my nostrils and
yes. For tho llrat time In my life I
realised that chimney went a luxury
but not a necessity. Tho only adorn
ments in this room were representations
of two tree brunches In the mud of the
wall, n circle supposed to mean a star, a
bottle hung from tho celling and about
twelvo Indentations In the wall to bo
used as mantels for any thing that may
.be placed there.
This storm was not a surprise.
Through pessimistic prophets wo had
expected that at this season wo should
have rain and snow ami hall throughout
our Journey. For tho most part It has
been sunshine and tonio atmosphere,
nd not a moment has our Journey been
hindered. Gratitude to Hod is with us
the domlhunt emotion.
Having visited tho scenery connected
with Christ's life 1 was glad' to clone my
Journey bypassing through thoapoatollo
lands and seas. You can hardly imagine
our feelings as we canto In sight of
Damascus, and on the very road where
Saul was unhorsed at the Hash of the
Nuperual light Wo did not want like
him, to be flung to the earth, but we did
hope for some groat spiritual bless-
lng brighter than any noonday
on, and a new preparation for
usefulness. Our long horseback ride
ws ended, for a carrlagu met us some
miles out and took us to the city. The
impression one receives as he rides
long the walled gardens of the place
re different from thoae produced by any
ther city. Hut we can not dcsorltio our
reelings aa wo enter the city about
which wo havo heard ami read so much,
the oldest city under the sun, and
i founded by the grandson of Noah; nor
. -our emotions as we pass through the
.treat called Htralght along which good
.Ananias went to meet Haul; and by tho
talt of thn palace of Naaman the leper,
aad aaw the river Abaaa, aa yesterday
'Tea aaw Pharpar, the rivers of Damaocus
Jfo" f that Naaman preferred to wash in rather
jy. r ajjmm Jordan. atrange ana unique
fwaihs.
JhMMMKHMl
"Allan
il It la worth while to
tress
'Atlanta and Huron to
it
beea the pins of battle
at af saeleat afJueaao
ml splonder aa well aa It rla of present
prosperity, tome It chief attraction
arises from the fact that here the scale
foil from Paul's eyes, and that chief of
apostles here began that mission whieh
will not end until Heaven Is peopled
with ransomed spirits. Ho also I saw
day before yesterday Patmos, whom
John heard the trumpets and tho waves
of tho sea 'dashed to his foot, reminding
htm of tho scngs of Heaven, "llko the
voloe of many waters."
Hut thla letter can only give a hint of
the thing wo mean to tell you when wo
get home, where we expect to to before
this month is ended. I baptised by im
mersion in tho Jordan an American
whom wo met, and who desired the
solemn ordinance administered to him
In tho sacred waters. I rolled down
from MountCalvarvor"nlncoof a skull"
a stono for tho corner stonn of our new
Ilrooklyn tatiornaolo. Wo bathed in the
"Dead Hca" and In "Gideon' Fountain"
where his throe hundred men lapped
tho water from their hands as tliev
passed through; and wo sailed on Lake
Galileo and stood on Mount Ion and
Mount Mortah and Mount 1 Ionium, and
I aatv I hn eilafMi hftnw ttm mtiimtntnta
hoard the Christmas anthem the night
Christ was born; and havo lnien at
Nazareth, and Capernaum, and sat by
".lacnb'H Wull" anil 'l'i.U,l.K,.l.lp of
modern battle, and Megiddo'of ancient
battle, and where thn Israelites crossed
the desert and slent at 'ilctriiiu where
one ladder was let down Into Jacob's
dream, hut the night I slept there tho
linnvimH went full of InililoMi. Mrt n lit).
der of clouds, then a ladder of stars, and
all up and down tho heavens were the
angeis or oeauty, angels or consolation,
angels of God ascending and descend
ing; and I was on nearly all tho llelds of
llorodlo, and Solomonic, and Davldlc,
and Mosaic, and Abrahamlo history. I
took Home, and Naples, and Athens, and
Alexandria, and Cairo on tho way out,
and take tho Greek Archipelago, and
Constantinople, and Vienna on the way
back. What more can Gist In Ills good
ness grunt mo In the way of naturul
scenery, and classic- association, and
spiritual opMrt unity! Ah, yes! 1 can
think of somothlnggladdcr than that Ho
can grant me. Hafo return to the people
of my beloved flock, tho Hold of my
work, tin tint In ml wlmrn mv futliitru
died, and In tho dust of whoso valleys I
pray God I may be burled. .
T. DKWirrTAf.MAOK.
GREAT
CONTRACTORS.
Men Who
Knrw How to Control
lirrst
A1en of tatinrrr.
When tho great works which we call
railways and which are grantor In the
labor expended on them than all tho
pyramids ever built worn llrst projected
It was seen that a new oIhhh of hulldor
was required, men who could carry out
scientific orders on n irriiml mi-hIk. ivlm
could munago rough workmen In armies,
wno eouiu ituim oy tue mile Insteud of
the yard, and who could Iki trusted never
to rest satlslled with unworkmanlike re
sults. Properly speaking, according to
the thoorlsts, the work ought to havo
boon done by co-operative clubs of nav
viesworkmen so j called because tho
only great earthworks of tho Immediate
pasi went canals, and' thoae who out
them went nicknamed "navlgatois" but
thn clubs did not exist and, If they had
existed, would not havo possessed either
adequato capital or sufficiently capable
dictators. Committees can not cut tun
nel any more than they can command a
ship. It was found, too, that1 little con
tractors wanted a big man over them.
If ono of them failed or proved, Incom
petent the entire great work was
stopMHl; they were often almost Insane
ly Jealous of each other, and their ag
gregate profits were quite as heavy a
burden as the fortune the big contractor
might Iw ex pec ted to make. .Shareholders
are not Idealists; they felt that they
wanted big men as agents; ami as soon
as tho demand liecame strong, big men
canto to the front. They came forward
from every class In the country, except
tho highest engineer, bridge builders,
canal cuttets, brlckmakers and a host of
men even less accustomed to large work,
hut who felt tho eaalty to do It. Home
aucooeded'and some failed, but among
all thn former there wuh, we have heard
old engineers say, a strong family like
ness. They were not us a' rule, what Is
called Intellectual men, did not study
iKtoks'much, and did their thinking with
a rapidity which nowadays would make
critics doubt If they thought at all.
They were not even llko engineers, but
more llko tho early Kings or GeucraNof
the prerPrusslan ported, who knew how
to make man oley, how to overcome ob
stacles slid how to get out of mattes of
laliorcr direct and positive results.
That last, as all great engineer know,
lanseparatn faculty, which, "curiously
enough, does not belong to all men who
understand great works which, for ex
ample, has not lued displayed by tho
group of men, muuy of them' quite ex
ceptionally, quail tied tn Mother?, expects,
who have expended so' many" million
upon tho Panama canal, They were
nearly all rough men, for they' had to
make thcntNclvcs feared by multitudes
to whom Ko.tmwt Memcd u little con
temptible: but they all, or at least all
who succeeded, HMscHed two rare facul
ties they could decide at once and Irre
vocably, und.they could ehoo.se o.it men.
spectator.
Whfii l Wlnil h Wntrh.
A dry-good luerclinut and a Jeweler
were going nomo together on a street
car at the close of their day's labors, and
toe former drew from his vent his hand
some tlme-pleco and proceeded to wind
It up. "This isn't tho right time, of day
to do that" said his friend. "Every
watch should ho wound at home the
tlrst thing In the morning, so that tho
fullest tension of tho spring may bo
upon tho movement during the Jarring
of tho owner's footsteps whllo ho Is up
and awake. Thla will save' frequent
regulation of the timo-plcco. Try It for
a month or two and vmi'll lu .i.n.u.j
at tho Improvement ia your time,"
Jewelers' Weekly.
Ue-utatlaa to chks,
Uentlemin (entering street car mag-
nate's ollco, Chlcago)-ls Colonel Cabel-
line in?
0ce Hoy Nope. He's gone out to
buy noma aldermen. Hack In Iv ml-
utoa. N. Y. Wawklv.
JL&VEtf LABOR LOST.
aiMM manaenaen)
Tlr Boglxralatf and Mod of tb Obl
xfO T7nlrnltjr.
a t'ssa to Wfctoffe fttephM A. DeagtmV
Otfl to CktoaBW May Caws The
Uttt Otoat m Wa
Wslchtjr Horn.
npcclat Cblcseo Oorreseeadssen.
Thn name and fame of Htnphon A.
Douglas are closely identified with tho
growth and development of the Htato of
Illinois and the city of Chicago. The
"Llttlo Giant," who, born In 1818 la
Vermont and early apprenticed to thn
trodo of cabinet-making, wna compelled
to educate himself, always had loving
sympathy with struggling young men;
nd prompted by this fooling ho was
easily persuaded to contribute a portion
of his possessions toward thn foundation
of a university In Chicago. How ho ac
cumulated bis wealth is a matter of his
tory. Ill health compelling him toglve
up thn trade for which his parents had
Intended him, ho studied law in Canan
dalgua, N. Y and In 1WI.I catno West,
Bottling atpJocksonvlllo, III. His tal
ent worn quickly ncognlsed and ap
preciated by the progressive people of
Illinois, who made him Attorney-General
before ho had reached the ago of
twenty-two.
In 1840 ho waa elected Hecrotary of
State, and in 1841 was appointed Judge
of tho Htato Hupremo Court. Two years
later ho cntnrcd Congress, whero ho
noon hoctmn conspicuous for his views
on tho Oregon boundary question, and
hlsoloquont ndvocaoy of tho annexation
of Texas. In 1H.13 ho becamo noted
throughout tho world as tho author of
Urn bill for thn organization of tho Ter
ritories of Kansas and Nebraska, which,
A i well known, brought about revo
lution In tho political parties of tho
Vnlted Htates and played a most Impor
nt part In bringing thn slavery quea
I'on to a crisis. In 1H.V3 and again In
ItfO ho waa an unsuccessful candidate
lr the Presidency, two blows from
which ho nover entirely reoovored and
which probably led to bla premature
death in ltiol.
Whllo at tho height of hi political
glory, and whllo being in thn regular re
ceipt of largo
Income derived
from Buocoasful
real estate spec
ulatlona, tho
statesman was,
in 18M, visited
by Rov. Dr. J.
0. Hurroughs,
then promi
nent Baptist
olerg y ra a n of
Chicago, at bis
Washington
home. Tho
worthy doctor
laid hi plans
for a university
In Chicago be
SKNATOn DOL'Ot.A.
fore Senator Douglas, who at that time
ownod a largo tract of land fronting on
CottagoGrovn avenue, near Lake Michi
gan. Dr. Hurroughs waa anxious to
have the institution placed tinder llap
tlst control, but to thla Douglas object
ed. Hlx months later, however, ho re
treated from bla position and gavo tho
land to Dr. Hurroughs Individually
with tho understanding that tho board
of control of tho university should bo
composed of no more than a majority of
gentlemen of tho Baptist denomination.
Dr. Hurroughs then raised subscrip
tions amounting to 85,000, and In 1(459
tho erection of thn grand, but scarcely
practloal, structure, picture of which
accompanies thla article, was begun.
Dr. Hurroughs, tho prlnio mover in tho
enterprise, was elected president of tho
Institution', and established aa high
standard of atudy a that pursued in tho
Now England universities.
Tho people, however, suffering from
tho consequences of the financial de
pression of 'A7 nnd 'ft, and the civil
war were unable to attpport thn col
lege, and, at thn e.loso of Dr. Burroughs'
administration In 1870, thn property
wuh mortgaged to tho Union Mutual
Life Iusuranuo Company to tho amount
of three hundred thousand dollars. Dr.
liurrougha was succeeded In tho presl-
OltlC.XIll. ITNIVKKSITV.
dency by Rev. I.emuol Moss, Hon.
Alonxo Ahornothy and Rev. Galusha An
derson, but none of them succeeded In
lightening tho tlnanuial load. Finally
tho university was abandoned, and tho
property passed into tho hands of tho
Union Life Insurance Company, whoso
agents are now engaged In tearing
down the historical college building.
Thus, a charitable work, which should
havo forever porctuatcd tho memory
of Stephen A. lVmglaa In the hearts of
the Western people, was wrecked by
the financial vicissitudes of war
which ho had so earnestly desired to
prevent, and, had It nut teen for the
disinterested efforts of his countless ad
mirers, nothing In tho shape of last
ing structure would remain to remind
comtug generations of ono of the great
oat of ctrn atatoamen.
Thank to, tho offorta of theae men,
however, a grand monument whloh cost,
wth tho ground about it, PJT.OOO, waa
dedicated In tho city of Chicago August
M PMl, twenty years after it was orlg
tnally proposed. Thla monument waa
designed by Lvoaanl W. Yolk, th fa
mous sculptor. Around the main shaft,
whloh la if feet 9 Inches high, sur
mounted by hereto statue of tttephen
A. Douglas, gating over the water of
Lake Mkhlgan, am four allegerleel Kg
Era, representing Justice, Ulstory,
aueuee and Ullnola, each aepa
rate pedettat In baa relief artmnd the
I Use are group depleting th advnaee of
civilisation. The baao la octagonal, M
feet In dlaaMWK. OnNM4dMthUl-
mnfr
i Jj " paWIaMBW
erlptton. "Stephen A. Donglaa. Bora
April 93. 1S13; died June , 1M1. 'Tell
my children to obey the law and up
hold the constitution.'"
Htcpnen A. Douglas left two mm,
Robert and Htephon A., Jr. The latter
ha since 1870 made Chicago hi home,
and has, at different ttmea, appeared in
the role of politician. Unlike hla father,
pru f YnXZ-ZBBaHiif.i.i.
wrf-v rvi!!ilgonmk
DOt'OI.AM MOXUMR!tT.
who was a Democrat to the backbone,
young Htephon Is a strong Republican.
Horn November 8, 18.V), in the family
homo of his mother In North Carolina,
ho received n thorough education at
Georgetown College, and subsequently
supervised his mother's estate, consist
ing of aovoral plantations in North
Carolina, Missis
sippi and Texas.
In 1870, before ho
was twenty year
old, ho was made
chairman of a
Republican coun
ty uoii'guviun mj
tho Htato conven
tion, and subse
quently became
editor-in-chief of
sncruK.f a. docoms, ju. th o R a 1 e 1 g h
Standard, thn organ of thn Republican
party In North Carolina. In the same
year he was appointed Adjutant-General
of tho Htate, and In 187 J liecamo a
Presidential elector. Four years later
tho party honored him ugnlu in a slnl
lar way.
Arriving nt Chicago In 1870 he began
the practice of luw, and was, tho follow
ing year, elected In company with thn
famous l.ung John Weutworth, a Grant
delegate, to the Republican National
convention, from which tho two men
mentioned, together with sixteen othor
Illinois delegates of thn same faction,
woro expelled. Since that tlmo young
Douglas has devoted his political
talents to stump-speaking, but has not
yet succeeded In securing a reward for
his lalsirs. Of personal appearance the
namesako of thn Little Giant has no
reason to bo proud, unless he might
happen to run across an admirer of
short stature and a mass of adipose
tissue. Vulgarly speaking, Htnphen A.
Douglas, Jr., Is fat, so fat in fact that
his eyes have hard work to peep out
into thn world. Ho hus, however, a
great name and has Inherited nomo of
his father's eloquence, so that what na
ture has denied him Is more than bal
anced by what his r.ncestry has given
him.
Tho name of Douglas will forever be
honored In Chicago, and, for that mat
ter, throughout tho West. .Still it Is to
bo regretted that tho grand gift of n
great man to tho cause of American edu
cation Is to bo parceled out among real
estate speculators and thist where onco
wasasoatofleamlngmaylnafewraonths
stand two er three liccr saloons and gin
shops. Hut then tho ways of Providence
are Innerutable, and kicking against tho
pricks Is a useless occupation.
G. W. Wkiitikiit.
HE SAID "NO.'
A Hemelor
Wh Hm thn Coarse of HI
Cunrirllont.
There are few men In publlo life who
havo tho courage to say "No" when
called upon to do Improper things.
Hence it is worthy of note when a states
man can he found who deliberately and
positively refuses to Indorse a person or
scheme whloh his Judgment indicates
should not receive his assistance. A
young man from Missouri was lit Wash
ington seeking un Important consulate.
Hla Indorsements were excellent, but
ho kep' adding to them whenevr. ho
could do so. Ono day ho called uhiii
Senator Plumb, of Kansas, with whom
bo was slightly acquainted, and re
q .ested hi recommendation. Tho Sen
ator, in brusque, frank, earnest fashion,
immediately replied:
"I won't Indorse you, but I will de
feat you for tho appointment If I can do
so. I am nent here by the State of
Kansas, and it is my duty to represent
that State. Hundreds of people from
other States have come to mo for my rec
ommendation, and 1 say "No" to all of
them. You are from Missouri, and you
j must depend upon your Missouri
friends to help you. There are several
Kansas men who want Just such a plane
j a that for which you are applying. I
' shall not JooperdUo their chanoea by
Indorsing you. On the contrary, I shall
do all that 1 can to help the people of
my own Stato, and If I can defeat you
,n.l Mil k Vftituu mam MnnttlntJttl tn thftt
place you may rest assured that I shall
do so."
'. The young man waa astounded, but,
being bright Intelligent nnd expert
ncssl in affairs, he appreciated th alt-
uatlon and aaM:
"You are right Senator Plumb. Yon
are right Rut you are the Irst man In
either branch of Oongresa who has sold
'No tome, nnd you havo surprised me.
I like you. and if you heat me In thla
matter I ahall emigrate from Missouri
to Kansas. I want Jwt such ahaator
t represent me a you are."
A KKirrrrKT
tn Mt Matea.
MutoatTT Thaw who
,&1
WJZ M
AGRICULTURAL HINTS.
tPERMINT.
rarts AtkMt Its C-Mero-
t BtalilMllM-Ka-tern rarss-r ma
lt rr-ntaMe Cren A Mint to rerssers
of Ottoff tortlm.
The production of peppermint oil may
appear like a small matter, but the peo
ple of Wayne County, N. Y., could not
easily be made to believe so, aay the
American Agriculturist The pepper
mint Industry pour nearly, and some
time perhaps fully, a million dollars
loto that single county per year. From
Wayno County comos a very largo
hare of tho peppermint oil produced in
tho United States, tho balance being
produced mostly In Michigan. The oil
Is used In a limited way for medicinal
purposes, much mora largely by confec
tioners for flavoring, and also in print
ing cotton fabric. Tho plant Is ono of
the numerous member of tho JiUttir
family, genus Mentha, and known ho
tanically as Mtnthn jiijurila. Its culture
is by no means complicated or difficult.
The chief point Is to begin right, es
pecially tn tho matter of clean culture.
Patches of peppermint are often met
with In a wild state along tho edges of
swamps, ponds or streams, and the
plant In si'ch positions, seems to thrivo
remarkably well. It succeeds, however,
on almost sny sol), nnd oven yields
mora oil when grown upland than In low
situations. Tho crop always succeeds
best when planted early.
Din land selected fur thn crop should
tw well drained and in a fair average
state of fertility. No manure of any
kind Is over applied, as It Is thought to
cause excessively rank growth and con
sequent dropping of tho leaves. As
early In April possible tho land Is
plowed and harrowed, and furrows
marked out twenty Inches apart and
two to three Inches deep. Tho sets used
for planting are pieces of tho creeping
root stock or underground stem, from
one to two foot long, dug in spring from
a plantation started the year liefore.
Prom six to eight square rods of uch
plantation will furnish roots enough to
plant an acre. In planting tho grower
takes an armful of tho root and drops
two or thrco in n place nnd so thickly in
the furrows that there will bo no bare
spaces, and covers tho sets with his feet
as he goes along. Ono man will plant
from ono-quartor to one-half aero a day.
Tho plants soon begin to grow, and
cultivation and hoeing should not be
long delayed. Some of thn plants may
be a little backward In starting, and the
hoe should not be struck into thn rows
until all tho plants are up. The culti
vator should run shallow and not bo al
lowed to throw soil on tho young plants.
Many of tho growers usu cultivator
teeth made for the purpose in tho
nearest blacksmith's shop. The Planet,
Jr., horso-hoo works well, but the
Planet, Jr., or Ruhlman's hand-wheel
hoo do still better for keeping
the narrow rows clean of weeds. Tho
patch has to bo kept worked by culti
vator and hoo until tho plants begin to
cover the ground. No more attention
is required after this, except to an
nually mow, cure and distill tho mint
Usually hut three crops are taken olf
one plantation, tho ground getting too
much overrun with grass and woods to
pay for further cropping.
When tho peppermint Is in blossom,
usually In August, it is ready for work
ing up. Sumo growers mow it with the
scythe, especially tho first year, while
thn second and third crops are often cut
with a mower, care being taken not to
work In It during very hot weather, or to
handlo It more than necessary, aa the
oil volatilises very readily. When cut,
it is left on the ground to cure. When
tho leaves are well wilted, but before
they licgtn to crumble, the crop Is put
up In small cocks, like hay.
Tho process of distillation la quite
simple and thn Illustration will make it
plain to tho reader. In a side room is
thn boiler, whloh may bo portable or
stationary, but oapablo of giving sixty
pounds pressure. The vats or tubs are
team-tight five oe six feet In diameter,
and about tho same In depth. When
tilled with thn peppermint freshly
drawn from the field, tho vats are closed
with tlght-fltttng covers. The steam Is
then turned on at tho bottom. It vapor
izes tho oil, and thn mixture of steam
and oil escapes through a tin pipe at
tho top of tho tub, to lie condensed In
murt.KTR rRITKIIMI.1T STIU.
the "worm." This Is a coll of pipes
contained In a large vat kept tilled
with cold water. The condensed steam,
and with It the oil, flows from the
lower open end Into a "receiver" made
of tin. Tho oil being lighter than the
water, always remains on top, while the
water flows oft through a pipe, near the
bottom, bent upright at a right angle
and ending In two branches.
When It Is desired to run off the oil
tho wster-disaharge pipe Is plugged up,
and water tilled la through the funnel
at end of pipe, until the oil rises In the
receiver and flows off. The oil 1 stored
in can. When it Is all run off the plug
is removed from tho drain pipe and the
water allowed to pass out. Our illus
tration shows all the details of the In
terior arrangement A still of this kind,
with a capacity of producing from sev
enty to one hundred and Ifty pound of
ell in twenty-four hours, ran be put up
for from See. to f l,tsMt
"Tn devils got Into swine two thou
and years ago, and all of them never
get out" said man who had been try
ing to get pig into the pea for bait aa
hour. There I good deal at devil la
hog, and there la awn la man. The
pig no doubt thtafc aemo men an all
evil
Ik. tdfllUJ
i-MD IMLj JjM IPS,
TAKING YOUNG TREES.
Aa KscsllMt Device Br Preiesfttof Yeas
t Oreharas.
Young tree set last spring or in th
autumn, If in aa exposed situation,
should bo staked up, and if this matter
ha been neglected it should aow re
celve prompt attention, a the constant
moving to and fro by tho wind not only
causes the tree to grow out of tho per
pendicular, but strains and often checks
the bark, not Infrequently girdling the)
tree whero it continually grate against
tho frozen ground, nil of which should
bo avoided. The general plan of stak
ing Is shown In thn Illustration, and
three forms of bands are also exhibited.
They are best mado from old rubber
boots or shoe cut In strips seven Inches
long and from one to two Inchon wide; .
but In tho alwence of rubber thin leather
may ho used. In either case connection
may bo mado with tho stake with No. IS
n J A 3
A.
i ! l 5
I
NTAKI.1. YOt'.XO TltMS.
annealed wire. Of course, fa stake
should bo located uj)on tho windward
side of tho tree, and when largo tree
are set two or three stukes should be
used. In all cases tho band should be
largo enough to contain two years'
growth of tho trees without pressing,
nnd unless In a very exposed situation
in two years from setting a tree should
bo so firmly established us to dispense
with further support Rural New
Yorker.
SWINE TALK.
Hint as lit thf Cam anil Trratmsnt at
llrouil Sows,
The brood sows should bo kept In fine,
thrifty condition, lly this I do not
mean fat enough for market, but so they
look well. Old sows that havo reached
maturity, If of any of tho Improved
breeds, need but llttlo feed to keep them
In prime condition, except when suck
ling pigs or for a short tlmo after rear
ing their young, in order to gain the
flesh they have lost by the drain the
pigs havo mado on them. Young sows
should bo fed about all they will cat ol
a variety of food, such as oats, corn,
middlings and milk, with thn run of
grass lot. Oil meal Is very good, la
proper quantity. Keep them growing
so that they may bo largo and well de
veloped before having their first litter
of pigs. They should be eight months
old liefore being bred; they will then be
one year old at farrowing time, and It
properly taken care of will havo na
trouble In being delivered of theli
young.
Often farmers have trouble with
young sows at tlmo of giving birth, sim
ply liecnuso they are coupled too young,
or havo not had sufficient feed to de
velop growth. Many a young sow has
died ai farrowing, elthor through th
carelessness or Ignorance of the ownor,
by being bred too small and young. I
have boon called In to give asslstunc
at such times when It was impossible ts
render any, except nlth an instrument
made especially for tho purpose.
After tho how has lieen coupled she
should le turned by herself In a close
pen, whero she will keep quiet aiitll tho
heat has passed off. Watch her front
eighteen to twenty-two days after
coupling, as that Is tho time they gen
erally come in If not safe in pig, al
though I have known instances where
sow would come In In fourteen days, and
have known them again to go twenty
nine days, but iheso are only rare cases.
When sfo In pig feed on good whole
some food, with a clean warm pi are to
sleep, and above all allow them plenty
of exercise whenever the weather will
permit. I can not impress this word
exercise too strongly, a upon It depends
to a great extent the crop of pigs. A sow
that has Iteen allowed the exercise she
should havo will b delivered of her
young much easier, and her pigs will bn
more fully developed, will cume strong
er, grow better and mako letter pigs
than a sow that has Wen confined in a
close pen and fed principally on cora.
The sow that has been confined will
gle birth to more runty pigs than tho
one that ha had exerclsu.J. L Van
Doren, In Ohio Parmer.
Wnrhlag Marra Laa.
A correspondent of tho Rural New
Yorker earnestly advise any young man
who has a few hundred dollars to Invest
tn a small farm not to purchase pour or
half barren land with the hope of bring
ing It Up to fertility, but to buv elaa.
where. This advtco accords with thm
practice of some good farmers whom wa
have known, one of whom had a faram
of his own In a. portion of the Stato
known for lu sterility. He dll not un
dertake to work that farm. kaowia
that It would not produca enough, bat
let It to others. Not being rich enough
to buy another farm, he then re a 14
one in a fertile portion of Wests
New York, where his share from the
land waa greater than the whole prod
uct of the poor farm, and be did w
by the operation, it ottsa happen
that the same amount of labor mast h
performed oa both; and it requires aa
sore labor la plowing, cultivating aad
other wwk oa the best land taaa aa
that which gives only twsaty bashes at
wus ,,
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