RED CLOUD CHIEF
A. C. HOSME, Proprietor.
REdTcLOUD. - - - NEBRASKA.
S.ONG OF THE SCYTHE.
Far up on the mountain-side.
Where swiftly, like phantoms, glide
The cloutKar.U shadows,
1 hear a mower's scythe.
"With a busy sound and blithe.
In the roclcy meadows.
Hark! on The breeze conveyed
The rhythmic rush ot the blade,
Hy strong arm-, whirled:
It slrjKS. in a murmurous tone.
Of work to be bravely done
In this busy tvorld.
Sometimes, -rith a j:mj;linR tone.
The bright blade strikes a stone,
But sevnis to cry:
"T:s aaupht: Let the worries pass.
Tlicro need- must be stones in the gratf
For 11 who try."
Thus wind-l orr.e all day Ions,
You may hear the scythe's brave song
On the mountain farms.
Hut the mower little knows
Of the sons that comes and goes
As h,- vivins-'s his arms.
Hr. J.'. U'. lllacktr. in ;ood Housleriing.
HELD UP."
An
Englishman's Experianco
Tnis Country.
in
From lime to time there have ap
peared siccounts in the American news
papers of tin- robbery of railway trains.
These robberies have generally taken
place in remote and outlying parts of the
State., into whieh the railwsry system
has but lately penetrated. For a train
to be what the Americans called "held
up." w:b, daring the last year, rather
a frequent occurrence, and the process
of "holding up" was done in a manner
so skillful :: to be generally attended
with success. There were cases re
ported in which the robbers got the
worst of it. but they. too. often made
good their escape, not only with their
lives, but with considerable booty,
leaving the train they had plundered
to go on i;s way minus its mails and
the pas-e:iT'T- stripped of their money
una vaiualne-. i.ast November, on
my way from San Francisco to New
York, the train in which 1 crowed the
Kocky Mountain-, fell into the hands of
thes" marauding gentlemen; and as my
jxperieiict s may be interesting I ven
ture to give them here, though they
may rt b- so startling :is those of
jomc cvhez: travelers who have fallen
among ".hii'Uv-.
I lei-uli Lake City on the forenoon
3f a b j.itifu! day in the fall of the
vear. and after skirting the river "Jor
dan and the "Lake tViberias.' names
which the Mormons have transferred
from Palestine to their own territory,
the train b-zan to enter a wild and
rugged country, and to cross the great
mountain rampart by which the plain
of the Salt Lake is environed. All the
afternoon we slowly amended, and it
was evening before we reached the
Castle Gate, formed by two enormous
steep rcrky walls, between which the
railway pa.-e-. There were a good
many can higes in the train, and the
"Pullman" iu which I traveled had
dbout twenty passengers. We were
very sociable and time passed quickly.
As soon a.- it wa dark the berths on
nch side of the car were made up by
'he negro attendant, the heavy cur
tain? drawn, and we all went to bed.
i had been sleeping -oundlv when I
was wakened at two in the morning ;
by the train being brought suddenly to
1 stand--tlil- Being in the lower berth
I had the advantage of having a win
ioiv to loft,': nr.t of. 1 drew up the
blind: a bright moon was shining and
very object outside wa- perfectly
lear and distinct. The place looked
wild and lonely enough. Huge boul
ders of rock were si rewn about, and
the hillsides rose seamed and bare. As !
there was no railway station visible,
and the train showed no sign of going
on. 1 became convinced that something
was wrong and wakened my traveling
.ompsmion in the opposite berth. As
he was partially dressed he said he
would go and see "what was up." and
made his way to the open platform of
he car. J..: his appearing outside, he
was asked by a man standing near tho
track, what he wanted. He replied
that he merely wished to know what
had .-topped the train, when he re
ceived the not very reassuring answer,
emphasized by a g:m pointed at him.
"Go back, you fool, or I'll drill a hole
through you!
The occupant of tho car were now
wide-awake, and popping their heads
out from behind the curtains of their
berths. ."'"'-SsOd the situation in a
HveU er- - w:is ,lou evident
that we were "held up," and the con
versation turned on what was likely to
be the upshot. I was particularly
struck bv the good humor with whicn
every one seemed to regard the occur
rence. It apparently was regarded by
them as a very amusing experience,
and by none more than by the ladies
of our party, who joined freely in the
conver-ation. No one could at all have
inagin-J that they were expecting
cwry moment asummo' sto march out
in ikviabillc and take their stand in a
row on the railway bank. Shouts of
laugli vr amnded as one Yankee after
ano-her made dry observations as to
what was likely to happen, and how
the robeers would make hay of the
beds while we stood shivering in the
raoon'irht. Amid the merriment, how
ever, thore was evidently an effort by
the pas-engers to make their money as
s-afc as circumstances would permit.
From all parts of the compartment
there resounded the clink of coin. One
person opposite me put his watch into
a. boot.
Wheaajifive vou pal your money?" J
1 heard a passenger in the next berth
Bay to another.
"I have- ripped up my mattress and
put it ther"
"Put it all in?"
"Ysuis."
"Well then, I guess you had better
take some out. Them boys knows you
warn't traveling this line without a
cent.1'
Then there was more clinking heard,
as a reasonable sum was transferred
from the mattress to the owner's puree.
From an opposite berth I saw a lady
emerge, robed in a dressing gown. She
marched down the compartment to -he
door, where there stood a large tin
cistern for holding iced water, vhe
lid of thus she opened and dropped in
some hundred dollars. Replacing the
lid she went back to her couch tri
umphantly. "Guess they won't look there," she
said to me as she passed by.
A long, thin man, who was by pro
fession a "drummer," or commer
cial traveler, now said he would '-pull
on his pants and no out and prospect."
In a few minutes he returned, and
standing in the doorway, gave forth
his information lor the benefit o-" the
company.
"Ladies and gentlemen," he said:
"the state of matters is this. Thee are
now in the mail-car, trying to fonj the
safe, and when they've done, we may
expect the pleasure of their coicpany
here." So saying he made a graceful
bow and retired.
The black attendant then locked tho
doors at each eud of the car and went
to bed.
"Pse
enough
coming
hopes," he said, "tho get
to content them with-iut a
here plenty of shiners iu dat
safe."
Looking out of tho window siguin I
saw a curious sight. By the sidm of the
truck stood the engine-driver and ttvo
others in a row with their hs.nds up
above their heads. They appeared like
so many boys at school. I saw no one
else, but a stout middle-aged man in a
huge cowboy hat, with a gun in his
hand. He looked like a well-tp-do far
mer. While I was watching, tho engine-driver
and his mates gtt up on
the train, the engine gave a sharp
snort, and to our great astonishment
on we went. Sambo, the uttendant,
rushed out. and said we were fairly off.
We psitscd the camp lire, beside which
the robbers had waited for ou arrival,
and some logs of wood which had been
laid across the track. The "drummer"
now valiantly emerged on the. platform
armed with a shot-gun which be said
was loaded with swan shot.
"I see one of them there behind that
big stone," he cried; "guess I'll give
him a stringing up."
The other passengers would not
allow him to fire.
"They have got Lancaster rifles, you
fool." said one roughly, and they'll go
popping off sixteen shots apiece at the
cars, and one of them may e '11 go
through your darned old head." So
the "drummer" restrained himself.
At the first station we stopped and
the telegraph was set to work sending
tho news of what had happened up
and down the line. We then got in
formation as to what had really oc
curred. The engine-driver had seen a
light set on the middle of the track.
This w:is tho usual signal to stop, and
he pulled up. lie found live men
dressed like cowboys, and with
blackened faces, waiting for him, who
told him and his mates to come down
and hold up their hands. Each of the
robbers carried pistols and a rifle.
Having placed a guard over the three
men they proceeded to the mail car.
This they left in a state of inexpressi
ble confusion. Mail bags were ripped
up. letters and newspapers lay scattered
about. The bags, I think thirty-six
in number, containing registered let
ters they took possession of. They
then went to the car where the safe
was kept, and ordered tho man inside
to open it. He had rolled all the heavy
baggage against the door, and was
slow in obeying their command. They
told him to be quick or it would be
worse for him. On entering, one of
the robbers presented a pistol at his
head, and told him to open the safe.
He said he could not do that as it
opened by an arrangement of letters
composing a word. The word had
been telegraphed on ahead, and be
did not know it.
"I'll give you ten minutes," said the
other, "and if you don't open it. guess
you'll have to die.
When the ten minutes had elapsed
he was going to execute his threat, but
one of his comrades interfered, saying
be believed the man w:is telling the
truth. They then worked at the safe
for some time, but after many attempts
had to give up hopes of opening it.
Afterwards they held a consultation sis
to whether they should go through the
cars, but decided there were too many
passengers for them to cope with.
Going down to the track they removed
two logs of wood they had placed
across the rails.
"Get up." said the leader politely to
the engine-driver. "Now you may go
on good-night!"
The whole booty was thus only the
mail bags with the registered letters,
the value of which it was impossible to
tell. They did not even take tho
watches and monev of tho engine-
driver and his comrades. Ihe object;
of their expedition had evidently been
the safe, which contained a cousidera-
ble amount of gold. j
In the smoking compartment of the '
train, I listened to a livelv discussion '
as to the likelihood of the robbers
being caught. The general opinion
was that "the sheriff would nab them,"
though one "guessed they would skip
out of that territory pretty quick."
"You see, stranger," said a line
open-faced man, from San Francisco,
who from the number of wild adven
ures he related we called 'the Seal-
per," "Uncle Sam don't care a dime for '
vou and me being robbed, but its aeus-
,.dlv diiTMit"th.inr tmifthin tha
mails. You bet! they'll be nabbed."
I asked him whether if they had come
to our car, there would have been any
resistance.
"Guess,"
he said, taking out of bis
pocket a neat little pistol, "there ud,us " "tniMisuuu iiaruum
be some shootin goin on around. I !of lately." This latter reflection. I
wouldn't give them my monev without j beluvc- 1S what most persons in Mr.
iiullinr on them." I Jackson's position mean by their re-
Then followed' some California varus, morse' their sorrow is not for the crime,
well worthy of Mayne lleid. how a ' but for its sequences. I,, the case
train had latelv been stopped at Kan- I of offenses that fall short of murder,
sns. how the guard shot four robbers. I though they are often infinitely more
and the rest lied. The State gave him j disastrous, and sometimes morally
one thousand dollars and the company worse u fa certainly so. The swindling
t wo thousand
"He has now changed his trade,"
added the narrator.
"What for?" I inquired.
"O, he has been on the drunk ever
since," was the reply, given as gravely
as if "being on the drunk" was a well-
known and honorable profession,
Then the "drummer" told how at
Bucharist, he had .waked one night, fuI1 r re"ret and Py lor his own
and found a man at work on the lock j Perilous position. The idea of dis
of his trunk, and getting out his pistol. I oovery and arrest is never absent from
had shot him through the arm and j hirJ mind- Ho hears 'the voiee we CJin
disabled him. And a rancheman, out j not hear" (lliinS "I "rest you for
West, from near Los Angeles, had a, forgery.") he "sees the hand we can
curious story, kow the onlv time he ! not see" (taking hold of his shoulder)
was ever out without his pistol, he had
been robbed. After a series of similar
tales, a grave man, who had been
silently smoking his cigar, struck in.
"Well boys,' he said, "I am glad
them robbers got none of our nlunder.
but do''t vou so. an v of vou, and take, giving himself up because he has
the bloodof a fellow-crittur. Its an KUch !l bad timc of il' and not at all be
awful thing to do sure-ly. There was I canse he has imitated another gcntle
a friend or mine oust shot a man. He j raan's handwriting. Yet if somo
saw him put his hand behind his back, j habitual criminal who has been beat-
and thought he was going to draw,
and pulled on him. Tho sheriff was
after him, and he came up to my ranche,
and I kept him dark, I did. But he
was miserable. He said he could
always hear the groans of the dying
man. He saw him staring at him
awful with all his eyes when he lay
down in bed. He didn't live long after j
that. It's mv opinion that business
killed him. Don't you boys, go and
take the life of a fellow-crittur if you
can help it!"
So ended my adventure in the Kocky
Mountains. I mav add that I never
heard while in America whether tho
robbers were captured. I do not know
vet whether thev are still at large. I
saw, however, in a telegram latelv
that a train on the same lino had been
"held up,' and "that the robbers had
rnt. off with rich hnotv " Possiblv
they were my old friends of the Rockies
still pursuing their calling. J. Caiu-
cron Lccs, D. ., t Good Words.
PURITAN WRITINGS.
What the Karllent American Literature
Teaches Ita Students.
The writings of all those earlv New-
Englanders have an Elizabethan raci-
ness'of dictation which one tastes alike
in the quaintness of Bradford's and j
Winslow's records of Plymouth, in the
seriousness, sincerity and credulity of ,
Higginson. and in the ribaldry of tho !
ungodlv and unrul v Thomas Morton, of i
Merrv Mount. One fond of tracing the !
..:::. :i ;.., 1 .wm. I
will find a pleasure in following to its j
far source in some of the New England '
1
aud Virginia Englishmen of the seven
teenth century the modern American j
fashion ot booming a new country. Tho '
Rev. Francis Higginson does this in
pleasing prose, and the good William
Mort'ell in deadly verse, for Massachu
setts Bay; John Smith blows the
trumpet for Jamestown, and for all
Virginia Colonel Norwood, in his voy
ages, sounds repeated blasts, whilo
Master R. Rich praises the now land in
as woful a ballad :is any made to a mis
tress1 evebrow. Norwood has more
than gleams of gayety, if one may not 4 younger princes were trying to dance,
quite call it humor; his work has un- "Please, Prince Bismarck, come and
questionably literary quality, and we . dance with me," said one of the youngs
wish we could say as much for John ' ters.
Rolfe's wordy and scattering apology 4.x0 1 am t00 0&. really can not
for marrying Pocahontas; but that has dance. said the old gentlemen; "but
chiefly the quality of a very disagroea- if th0 Crown Princo will dance, I will
ble self-righteousness. I ffrid the organ for you all."
The most valuable fact about the Whcn the Kmperor opened tho door,
earliest American literature, which is , tho Chancellor of the German Empire
not yet American of course, is that it so jwag found j,rin(,ing away in a high
fully rotlects the hfo of the time and J stato of piure ad perspiration,
place-the objective life of daring and j The morjll of tho anecdote was drawn
adventure and hardship, and the sub- , by His Majesty, who said that, not con
jective life tormented and maddened 1 tunt with makillff three fenerations of
bv abominable beliefs, with its struggles
to escape from them. In Virginia these
are not felt: there is a delightful free
dom from them, but for this very rea
son the literature of that colony has'a
more superficial character; it lacks the
depth as well as tho gloom which char
acterizes tho sermons and memoirs of
New England.
Whether life more influences liter
ature, or literature life, is a question
we need not stop to dispute about
here; they probably have a perfect
balance of interaction at all times: but
what one might certainly infer from
this anthology of the Puritan litera
ture is the Puritan life. If there were
no other records of tho stato of the
civilization whicn produced these
writings, the general complexion of j
that life might be inferred here,
and this givos an historical import
ance to the eompidatiou which might
bo easily underrated. It would be a
mistake to suppose that the Puritan
life in New England was all psalms
and sermons: enough is given to show
that it had its reliefs, and to let the
reader perceive that these were sorae-
thing of tho nature and the general
pleasurable effect of dancing in chains.
W. I). Howell, in Harper's Magazine.
A n.iwmnn tliikn,ict Ilia fsifln? Tifit
chloroform may bo detected in tho I
lungs of animals four weeks after death. '
ERRONEOUS IDEAS.
WIe Man Opinion of What the
He-
montn of Criminal Mean.
I am glad I'm copped." said Mr.
t " IIll "" Ii:,"s
i tho myrmidons of tho law. Upon
T I f It ' .1 1 t
j vrhich text soveral lay-sermons have
1 oeen ueuvcreu on ine eneci 01 remorse
upon gentlemen of bis class. In my
opinion, this now historic phrase
should not have been quoted without
a. A. A- A.T 1 1 1 -. 1 .1 l!
1 uauKer cumiuruiuiy iuuui:u ai oiuun.-
holm, in a society of his fellow-country-1
men, the grades of which, I am told,
' are peculiar the highest circles have
t "gone in" for upwards of 109,000 and
the lowest being mere pilferers of 10,-
000 odd is not disturbed by widows'
moans and orphans' groans; but if he
is where extradition is possible, he is
. evcIY llom m tfte Ua.v Dut 1S uo1 tne
voice or the hand of conscience, but of
personal apprehension (literally appre
hension). He is glad to bo "copped"
though it is noticeable that he very
! rarely anticipates that pleasure by
1 ing nis icuow-creaiures witnin an men
! of their lives, over since he could han-
die a bludgeon, goes beyond the inch
nnd kills the fellow-creature, we im
agine him prostrated with remorse. A
more absurd idea was never entertained
than that this sort of creature appre
ciates in tho least degree "the sacred
ness of human life." The case of a
sentimental person, like Eugene Aram,
for example, who thinks he can com
mit a murder and "have done with it."
is wholly different; the deed itself
haunts him, and gives him bad nights;
though it is to be observed that if ho
muroers. one or two more people nis
insomnia disappears, and he recovers
his appetite. As for Mr. William
Sykes being troubled by Nancy's eyes,
never believed one word of it. If you
had ln,t the question to him. 1 could
' anticipate his contemptuous reply
M. 1
; exactly, though I decline to write it
down. The opponents of capital pun
ishment are such excellent people
themselves that they can not under
stand the feelings of Messieurs les
assassins. Ask any prison warder how
many days' purchase be thinks his life
would be worth if a "lifer could not
be hung for taking it; for what is very
remarkable, vour ruffian is sensitive
nbout the sacredness of human life
whon it is hij own, but in no other
case, believe me. Mr. Jackson, ol
course, may not be found guilty of
murder; but I object to any person of his
;:lass being represented as influenced
by the sentimental emotions because
he sings "The Thorn" aud the "Pil
grim of Love" so touchingly. Gifted
with such an "organ." if he had only
thought of blacking his face and assum
ing the guise of a nigger minstrel, he
would not have been "languishing in
chains.' London Xcws.
Bismarck as an Organ-Grinder.
The latest story about Bismarck de
scribes how he called on Emperor Will
iam the other day. and whilo waiting
in an ante-room heard voices in the
Imperial nursery, and went in. Ho
found the little Crown Prince grinding
awav at a barrel-organ, whilo two
Hohcnzollerns dance to his pipe, Bis
marck had already begun with the
fourth. London Truth.
Slightly Misunderstood.
"Yes," said Miss Crushington, the
celebrated exponent of society and
emotional drama, "I had a most suc
cessful tour in England last summer:"
"Did you enjoy the trip across the
ocean?'
"Very much coming back, but not so
much going over.
"Wero you sick?"
"N-not so very, but I felt badly and
wished I hadn't agreed to come.
Wanted to back out, you know."
"I understand; you felt like throw-
i'- """" "
sv at 4lii ti'luilik nfiiiiH
'O, dear no! I wasn't as sick as
that!" Merchant Traveler.
Disastrous Suspicion.
Charley I say. Brown, have you got
change for a ten?
Harry (suspiciously) Er no, Char
ley, 1 haven't a cent in my pocket.
Charley Sorry, old man: I wanted
to pay the live I owe you. Life.
On a windy day in New York re
cently thirteen hats were blown from
tho Brooklyn bridge to return no more
totlie heads oI thou sorrowing owner
TOO MUCH WORK.
Why Aracrriin Nril t lie Ooim-1 of Hr crea
tion l'rr.ti-lifil to Tlinui.
If ever people needed to have
preached to them a gospel of recrea
tion, the Americans need it now. Wo
work too hard, nnd too fast, and with
too much friction, and, above all, too
constantly. We are proud of our speed.
Wo believe in "push" and "go." We
are careless of the fact that hasto
makes waste, because we have plenty
w waste, u e ao not understand nor
practice, nor care any thing nbout
economy, because we have not felt, as
most peoples have, tho noed of econ
omy. Our business man hurries from
his home in the morning on the fastest
train he can get. reads the newspaper
all the way to his office, and grumbles
at a delay of two minutes. He rushes
through his business at a breakneck
rate, snatches a lunch at midday, dic
tates letters to his type-writer, leaves
himself just time enough to catch his
train, and rushes home at the same
pace. Once there, ho enjoys himself
by taking a ride behind the fastest
horse he can afford to own. After din
ner he plays a game of whist, or, as
that is generally two slow for him, of
poker, until after what ought to be his
bed-time. If ho lives in tho city his
evenings are spoilt at the club or tho
theater, o in the hotel corridors talk
ing business. Usst he has none, except,
perhaps, on Sunday, when he spends
most of the morning looking through
the papers, and most of the afternoon
dozing, or perhaps taking another
ride behind his trotters. Americans
do everything fast, especially iu New
York. They take their drinks stand
ing and at a gulp. They eat one meal a
day in about the same fashion. They
walk fast, talk fast, make and lo.;e
money fast, ride fast, sail fast, eat fast,
drink fast, and if a way could be dis
covered of sleeping fast, they would
do that.
After one gots into it there is a
swing and a movement in all this that
is fascinating. It is contagious, and
wo all catch it. There is the same
sort of pleasure in doing business fast
that there is in driving a fast horse or
sailing a fast boat. That is one rea
son why New York is the most fasci
nating of American cities. After ita
"go" others seem a little tame. One
becomes use to excitement, and wants
to keep strung up to concert pitch all
the time. Beyond doubt, too. there is
something good and admirable in this
rapidity. It enables us to accomplish
marvels. We have come nearer than
any other people to annihilating time
and space.
But. after all, when one thinks it over
calmly if perchance he can ever lind
time to think calmly Ls this hurry
worth our while? Or, to put it from
the American point of view, does it
pay? The answer to that question de
pends upon the goal we have in view.
Most men are making all this haste in
order to get rich; but when they get
rich do they "take things easy," and
enjoy life? Possibly a few of them
may, but the vast majority do not.
Whon they get an income of ').
000 they want f 20,000; when they have
got that they want $40,000. Not one
in a million of us ever gets rich enough,
and the few who do leave off business
generally find that they have lost, from
disuse, whatever faculty of enjoyment
they once had. aside from the hurry
and push of the business world. The
capacity for enjoyment has t!u be culti
vated, like any other capacity: and it
will not grow except by constant use.
Epoch.
DOZENS OF DEFINITIONS.
Koail Tlicin, anil Then Von Mill Knnn
What Constitute a ltilj.
To answer this qustion. we will
again have recourse to the dictionaries.
Johnson defines a lady as a woman ol
high rank; an illustrious or eminent
woman: a woman one of the fair sex:
a mistress, importing power aud
dominion, as lady of the manor. This
is broad enough, it would seem.
Stormonth gives these definitions: A
woman of distinction or rank; the wift
of a titled gentleman; the title of daugh
ters of peers of the first threo grades:
a familiar term applied to the mistress
or female head of a house of the better
class; a woman in any station of lifo who
is possessed of refined manners and
kindness of heart, and generally whose
character is adorned with those Chris
tian and social virtues which men most
love and esteem in women: a term ol
courtesy applied to any respectable
female. The fifth of the above defini
tions is a remarkably good one, if it
were not narrowed by the idea that
Christianity alone comprised all the
higher virtues.
Webster's definitions may be next
considered. A lady, ho tells us, is a
woman who looks after the domestic
affairs of a family; a mistress, the
female head of a household; a woman
of social distinction or position; the
feminine corresponding to lord. In
England, he further says, it is a titlo
prefixed to the name of any woman
whose husband is not of a lower rank
than a knight, or whose father w:ls a
nobleman not lower than an earl: also,
a woman of gentle and refined manners;
the feminine corresponding to gentle
man; a wife or spouse.
Worcester is more setisfactorv. it
would i:ecm, in his definition, at least
to the American notion of what consti
tutes a lady. Only one of his definitions
need bo quoted. He says a lady is a
terra of complaisance applied to almotst
any well-dressed woman, but appro
priately to one of refined manners aud
education. Boston Herald.
Wort
during d.
the cabbage plants ofton
weather. Keen th surf,...,
stirred ana Jiu top soil as looae as no.
I
THE MOUND-BUILDERS.
ri:nl!!r rr-pMlt!on la Itr-anl t0
!-nt Sorlrtjr In Trnnis.-ef.
Patient and systematic research, a
vast accumulation of valuable mate
rial, and a thorough analysis of facta
and theories by competent authority,
have finally unraveled nearly all tho
secrets of these works and graves, un
til their origin and the mysteries of
their construction and of ancient do
mestic lifo in Tennessee and, indeed,
elsewhere in the Mississippi valley
represented by them are nearly as well
known as the lifo and history of the
modern Indians.
The conclusions reached (often un
willingly) sis the result of these inx'es
tigations in all departments of research,
historic, ethnologic and traditional,
may bo briefly stated sis follows:
1. The progress made by these
ancient tribes in the direction of civili
zation or semi-civilization has been
over-estimated. The stone-grave race
and the builders of ancient mounds and
earth-works in Tennessee smd probably
in tho Mississippi vallev were Indians.
North American Indians, probably the
ancestors of the Southern red or copper-colored
Indians found by the
whites in this general section, a race
formerly living under conditions of life
somewhsit different from that of tho
more nomadic hunting tribes of In
dians, but not differing from them in
the essential characteristics of the In
dian race.
2. The interesting colllections of
mounds, earth-works smd stone-graves
found in Tennessee smd Southern Ken
tucky sire simply the remains of ancient
fortified towns, vilhiges and settle
ments, once inh.ibited by tribes of In
dhms more devoted to agriculture and
more stationsiry in their habits than
the hunting tribes generally known to
the whites.
8. No single implement or article of
manufacture or esirth-work or defen
sive work hsis been found simong their
remains indicating intelligence or ad
vsmeement in civilization beyond thsit
of other Indians hsiving intercourse
with tho whites within the historic
period.
4. The siceumukition of dense popu
hitiou in fsivored locsilities, and progress
made towsird civilization, were proba
bly the results of periods of repose smd
pesice thsit ensibled these tribes to col
lect in more permanent habitations
and to pursue for a time more peace
ful modes of life than some of their
neighbors and successors.
5. These periods of pesice and ad
vancement were probably succeeded
by years of wars, invasions, migrations,
or chsinyes which sirrested the limited
developement in tho sirts of pesice and
civilization, aud left the. native tribes
in the status in which they were found
by the whites.
These propositions I sim satisfied can
he successfully maintained, and will
afford the most responsible solution of
archaeological problems long in con
troversy. If wo could have been given a
glimpse of the fsiir "valley of the Cum
berland iu 14U2, the dsite of America's
discovery, there can scarcely be si
doubt but that we would have found
many of these smcient settlements full
of busy life, and we could hsive learned
the story of the mounds sind graves
from some of their own builders; but
nearly three centuries elapsed before
the pioneers of civilizsition reached the
confines of Tennessee. General Thurs
ton, in Magazine of American History.
MAKE YOURSELF FELT.
Bob Iturilette i!ve Hme Practical Ad
vice to Yuums Men.
My sen, you msiy not be missed a
great desil by a very wide circle of
people when you die. It won't be nec
cessiry for you to leave much money for
a tombstone. The few people who love
you, who tenderly and desirly and truly
love you, will know which mound covers
your sleeping figure, smd they can find
it just by the ferns smd grasses that
wave above it; sind si monument ninety
feet high won't make strangers care for
you, or make them love you, or make
them remember you. You may not bo
missed a great deal by very msiny peo
ple when you die, my boy; but that
isn't what you want to think about.
You wsint to rosike yourself felt and
noticed while you are here. That's
what you wsint to do. And that is
more thsm most men do. Just ruu
your eye over this paragraph again,
if you have timc, and think over it a
si little while you are waiting for morn
ing service to begin. Now and then
you will meet a man who actually re
joices, in a mean envious sort of a way,
to think thsit in a few years his moro
popular, prosperous, successful neigh
bor will be desid and forgotten. It msiy
be true. Tho big, wide world is so
busy with tho living, that she does seem
to forget her children when they fsill
asleep. But you will notice that the
man who rejoices in this is really a
man whom she has forgotten while
he yet lives; who is' not felt or heard
in the world at sill. Now, do you go
ahesul, my boy. and don't stop to won
der if the world will remember you smd
miss you one hundred years from now.
Little you'll esire for this old world in
a hundred yesirs from now; Hesiven
grant it msiy be under your feet then!
You just go ahead smd make yourself
felt now. When you are gone the world
will getsilong without you, my boy; but
while you sire here do vou m:ik.,it un
derstand that you are running part of
this show yourself, if it is nothing more
than standing sit the tent-door, and di
recting the people to psiss to the right,
and move along in front of the cages.
11. J. L'uriteUe.
Much sickness in farmer's fsimilies
in winter is due to keeping large quan
tities of potatoes and other vegetable
stored under sleeping rooms.
. " H-
i'iuwjiisfceartened, handed ove
n