1
fc
HOSE, FARM AND GARDES.
' A dressing of nitrate of soda in
spring acta wonderfully on young
wheat. N. Y. Examiner.
To unite broken glass take a small
quantity of isinglass and dissolve in
spirits of wine, by the aid of heat. This
' will unite broken glass so as to leave
the crack nearly imperceptible and is
equal to the best glass cement sold at
the stores. Exchanqe.
Fall-plowed land intended for grass
should be seeded as early as niay be and
get a good surface. Young grass don't
Fikc hot and dry summer weather. The
finish of the new sward will 'depend on
how much wc harrow and trample the
land. There is little fear of our doing too
much of that if the soil is rich, for grass
of the finer sorts in particular likes a
firm soil. Cleveland Leader.
A Sure Cure for Bone-felon: Take
a pint of common soft soap and stir in
it air-slacked lime until it is the consist
ency of glazier's putty. Make a leather
thimble, fill it with this composition,
and insert the linger therein, and change
the composition once in two minutes,
and a cure is certain. This is a simple
remedy for a very painful disease and
will be found to be all it claims. Ar. Y.
Herald.
The seductive rhubarb will soon
make its eppearanco in our gardens,
and if you like it weil enough to add to
it all the sugar that it demands, you
can preserve some of it for use next
winter; take it while crisp and perfect
ly brittle and fresh; steam it so as to
do away with unnecessary juice; then
when it is tender put it in a porcelain
kettle with all the sugar you can afford
to use; let this gradually dissolve, add
when hot put it away in cans. Chicago
Journal.
Gentlemen's collars should be quite
dry before they are starched. Dip them
in warm starch and let them dry again
Jwrfccthy. They must then be dipped
nto cold water, spread out smoothly
on a clean towel and rolled up tightly.
If the starch is properly prepared aud
the above rules adhered to. the linen
will have a fine gloss when ironed. A
little gum-arabic and common soda
mldcd to the starch gives extreme stiff
ness and gloss to collars. The House-
bold.
The Art of Cookin? Rice.
Siu: With your permission. I will
answer the question addressed to " F."
about cooking rice. As a rice planter,
1 am greatly interested iu everybody's
knowing how to cook rice. Wheat and
rice arc the only two grains consumed
exclusively by man, or nearly so. Of
corn, oats, barley, rye. etc, the great
bulk (even of that turned into liquor, a
avcastic temperance advocate might
say) is consumed by beasts. The coun
try produces nearly ten bushels, or
three hundred quarts, of wheat per
capita, and scarcely one quart of rice;
yet. in spite of a considerable tariff on
rice, the prices per bushel of wheat and
vough rice are not far apart usually.
In a rice-growing country everybody
oats rice, and prefers it to broad. If a
stranger conies among us ( not too old )
in a twelvemonth it is likely he will
tdiow this preference, and children in
variably acquire it. Yet out of a rice
country nobody can eat it, except in
pudding-:, and the better he loves it the
Jess the born and bred rice-eater will
huc to do with it there. A "So'th
Car'linian" from Georgetown or Beau
fort, who eats rice tilways once, and
sometimes twice and thrice a day at
iiouie, will hardly call for it a second
lime at the best hotels of New York or
Long liranch. This is strange, but it
is still stranger that, even in the in
terior of South Carolina and Georgia,
Tiee is not eaten largely, while in the
upper portions of those States, except
by low-eounty families, it is no more o
regular article of d el thau it is in Ohio
or Illinois. Why Ls this?
The explanation is to be found in the
cooking, and in that alone. Is it then
so hard to cook? By no means. On
thecontrary, the cooking is of the very
simplest and easiest, so much so that
every negro girl of twelve or upward in
the ricecouutry can cook it to perfec
tion, though possibly she can cook
nothing else. In fact, the plantation
rice hands cook it very much better thai;
you will lind it cooked at the best hotel;
in Charleston or Savannah. Now, 1
will tell you how to cook it so there
can be, I Think, no mistake. I am fond
of camp hunting in t!ie winter fre
quently staying out on the river for a
week or ten days, and I always carry
rice because it is so easy to keep and
difficult to injure, under the ordinary
conditions of camp life, when a sudden
ihower or a leaky boat may ruin your
flour at short uotlce. Also, I always
carry Ned, a black man, who knows
how to cook rice. Many and many a
time have I watched him at it by the
camp lire; but la-t winter, there having
been some discussion of it in the papers,
I took occasion one day to observe ,cd
with his rice, very closely, watch in
hand. Here is just what he did. how
he did it, and the actual time, except
of the last operation, which is not im-
Iiortmt, so you give time enough not
ess than half an hour, and better, an
hour.
First, he poured a pint of rice into a
tin pan and picked it over carefully,
throwing out any foreign substances.
Then he poured into the pan some cold
water, washed the rice, poured the
water off, and picked the rice again.
A second time it was washed and the
water poured off Then Ned put the
rice into an ordinary two-quart sauce
pan, covered it to the depth of a half
inch with cold water, stirred in the salt,
fitted on the top carefully, and put the
saucepan on a quick fire of coals, and
wenti to his other work. In just twenty
minutes Ned returned to his rice and
removed the lid. It was done, but not
?ret ready for the table. There was a
ittle water left, which was carefully
poured off; the rice was thoroughly
stirred from the bottom, not the'ton.
tt t a tin plate was laid lightly on the
saucepan, and the saucepan set one side
lm the hot ashes, where it remained
Tvcry slowly steaming one hour, or may-
lap two, when the rice was so dry that
you might eat it with your fingers, and
at the same time thoroughly done, and
6oft through and through. Nonody
caa like raw rice, neither ran any one
lik it sogged with water by an hour'i
boiling and no steaming. AT. Y.Evtn
ingosi.
The Ridicule f Farmers.
The "great dailies," as they admi
ringly call themselves, seldom havo
much to say of the farmers as such, ex
cept when they wih to make up a stcry
which affects a great deal of humor. If
they wish a man to appear ridiculous,
he is painted a3 a fai mer, usually an
"old farmer," very illiterate, a bad
speller, ungrammatical, very penurious,
and dressed in outlandish garb. Or if
not an '-old farmer" of this style, he
still has the peculiarities of ignorance
and awkwardness, and is held up as a
typo of what the rural districts produce,
a creature of some use, perhaps, par
ticularly about election time, but always
shown up at a disadvantage in contrast
with the highly cultured classes with
whom he is brought into contact
This is such a common thing that
many writer?, who never go into the
country and mingle with the better
class of farmers, or see them in their
conventions or other gatherings, really
think that a farmer is a synonym lor
illiteracy and awkwardness, just as
some people still think the term "Yan
kee" implies a gawkish, whittling, lean,
garrulous, shrewd, nasal talker, whoso
industrial tables lead him into swin-
dling
living.
agencies," or peddling, for a
Even a prominent agricultural
paper could not illustrate a rural scene
some years ago without putting an old
couple man and wife in the fore
ground, both decrepit, and driving a
decrepit old horse hitched to a rickety
wagon of fifty j-ears ago, as its idea of
what is to be seen in rural localities.
It is worth while for reading and re
flective fanners to ask themselves why
it is that their vocation, more than any
other, is the one chosen for caricature?
Dickens, in his stories, usually selects
individuals from among the low city
classes; et he hardly takes them as
types, butrathcr as exceptional cases,
which they aro. But when wc read a
story now of a farmer's eccentricities or
awkwardness, there is rarely any pre
tense of limitation it is so pointed and
fitted out that it conveys the idea that
the cli.ss is ridiculous as a whole.
In spite of all that education and
closer association have done for the ad
vancement of farmers as a class, there
is still a targe remnant of ill teracy in
rural communities, the wisdom of which
is sometimes boldly deleuded. It is
urged that we are going too fast in the
line of schools and education, becauso
one direct result is to make farmers'
children feel "above their calling."
The boys, when they "get an educa
tion," go into business "or the profes
sions, and the girls put up their nose
at the idea of marrying farmers' sons.
Such results aie not the natural effects
of education, but oftencr than other
wise, the result of m sdirectcd home
teachings. Some ignorant farmers who,
through previous self-denial, or the at
tainment of a legacy in middle life, be
come able to educate their children are,
themselves quite apt to loo1 upon farm
ing as uuworthy an ambitious mind,
and frequently so express themselves
before their children, ami thus poison
their minds. Besides, the education
given in such cases is usuii'ly super
ficial, and not that which develops the
mind. When a farmer sees something
more than labor in his business finds
en oyment in its wondrous transforma
tions, and reflects also how far such
work is really above that of most
other callings in its usefulness to man
kind and in its closeness to nature's
mysteries, lie will not long consider it
as wanting in pleasures. It is igno
rance and narrow views that belittle it,
and which give a sting to the story-tell-er
s ridicule.
To remedy the matter is not to rail at
the ignorant man. who in most cases is
not reached by anything published in
the agricultural papers oi books, or ut
tered in agricultural gatherings; but to
engage somewhat in m ssionary work.
The intelligent reader and farmer must
himself, in spe "ch and act, encourage
everything which aims at the farmer's
advancement, and not be a brake to his
progress. He should practico the best
system of farming with lit regard to
prejudice, and never countenance the
sil y idea that mental dewlopment can
harm the business. He should remem
ber that all the drawbacks to its useful
ness, and to its intlueucc as a force in
the Government of the country, are duo
to ignorance and a habit of mental de
pendence on others for pol'tieal guid
ance. Farmers should be as independ
ent in thought and political action as
their business fits them to be independ
ent of the ordinary hii-mcss troubles of
other callings. At present they have
little political stand ng as a class. The
men sent to our Legislatures have little
apprec.ation of what agriculture is or
what it needs; but they know that it is
a constituency with no coherence, and
that it is usually safe to disregard such
appeals as come from its foremost men.
because of the indifference of the masses
behind them.
Let me add, however, that by an edu
cation I do not mean a long term at
school, " finished " at last by a college
graduation. That is all well when there
is a taste for it and the means to grat
ify it, and if there has bceu no "soften
ing of the bran'' before going, there
will not often be afterward. Educa
tion should comprise not only what a
farmer specially needs as such, but ev
erything that tends to develop him as a
man and a citizen. He should be tho
Cijual in culture, in speech, in address,
of other intelligent men. so that when
he associates with them ho is not likely
to appear singular from awkwardness
of manner, ungrammatical talk or want
of capacity to expre-s himself in con
versation or on paper, or clearly and
tersely in occasional speeches. His dress
on the farm, and his complexion, are of
little account; but what lie does want
and can have
is the abilitv to hold hi- '
own in the contests, great or small.
entitet": frroqt nr Knntl
that come up among free citi7ens. The
disrespect in which farming stands
among most other classes, is due to a
very general lack of self assertion, and
that is founded on the consciousness of
mental incapacity and the need of tra'n-
Ing. In manners, intelligence and gen-!
- .
eral bearing the farmer should be in
distinguishable from other classes, and
then he w.ll readily hold his own
against them all. But if illiteracy and
nncouthness put a mark upon him aud
especially if he himselt encourages
these as advantages he will be tho
football of politicians, aud tand but a
slight chance, conipiralively, lor the
honors and emoluments of the world.
Cor. Country Gentleman.
A Choir Anecdote.
In tke Century, Rev. Dr. Charlos S.
Robinson continues his discussion of Uie
annoyances and humors of the musical
service in churches, and relates this an
ecdote: "Glorious Easter was at hand
and great preparations were made in tho
rural parish for its celebration; boughs
were twined in the arches of the build
ing; flowers swung in wreaths overhead
and shone in beautiful baskets among
the aisles; children had been rehearsing
carols. All the town came in on that
notable morning. It was a scene never
to be forgotten. The m'nister was ra
diant; his eyes beamed with delight.
But a thought struck him: this audi
ence, so happy, so generous, so enthus
iastic would they not hear him a mo
ment for a stroke of business? After
the invocation and the first song, ho
surprised them with a propos tion to
bring 'Easter offerings' now at once to
God's altar, and lift the dear old church
out of debt: oh. then there would be a
resurrection! The congregation would
come up from tinder its great stone into
a new life if the' would roll it away!
Then the plates went their course, and
hearts were touched, and purses were
emptied, and the heaps of money lay
before the moistened eyes of the relieved
pastor as he trcmulouslv thanked a
good God for his people's fidelity in re
sponse. 'The money is here, I am sure
it is,' he exclaimed. 'If there be a little in
arrears it can be made up in a day, and
now we are ready heartily to go on with
the worship of our rien Loru.' So the
fixed programme proceeded. A little
German had been procured from the
metropolis for an annex to the tenor:
his solo came in at this cxaet crisis of
grateful emotion: he rendered it with a
fresh aplomb, though the consonants
were awkward: 'An de del sail be
raised de del sail be raised an' de det
au' de del sail be raised sail bo
raised - in de twinkling of an ay-ec !'
"Now it is quite sa'e to say that after
tho congregation went home, the theme
of the day was dissipated, and the iwo
events uppermost in everybody's mind
were the surprise which the eager min
ister had spmng upon the people, and
the ridiculous appropriateness ot the de
clamatory solo which followed it. On
general principles, we have no ob ec
t on to the collection of money to dis
charge religious obligation, even in di
vine service; but it does seem a pitv
that a humorous episode should be the
chief reminiscence of such a solemn oc
casion." Pauperizing Cattle.
One of the religious papers, dealing
with the sub ect of mission work in the
Western States and Territories, draws
an illustration from the experience of
men who know all about cat le: In
New Mexico, Colorado and Wyoming
Territory, and all along those lines of
longitude, millions of cattle subsist
through all the winter seasons on tho
native grass without being fed. The
catle kings of Wyoming to'.d
me when
I was laboring there that, from the se
verity of some of their winters, they lost
from three to five ppr cent, of their cat
tle. I asked why they did not keep a
supply of hay to help the .vcaklings
through. "GiC c them hay and they quit
work, and their example tends to demor
alize the herd cheaper to let them die."
A friend of mine in Nevada, who had a
stock ranch, told me once, in the se
verity of a hard winter, he bought a
stack of hay to tide his weakly cattle
through a cold snap. His supply of hay
was not at all adequate to the length of
the winter season, but would sustain
life till the snow should pass away and
allowthe cattle access to the grass"; 1 tit,
to his great disappointment, all the cat
tle admitted to the hay-stack la' down
fcy it a soon as they filled themselves
'lhen when hunger returned they would
wal'i to the water-trough and drink, and
return to the hay-stack and eat. Thus
they spent their days till the hay was
all devoured, and there, one by ope,
they lay down and died.
The next winter was also very severe,
and my friend saw that he was likely
again to loe a large number of cattle,
bit, having learned a lesson of wisdom
on the distribution of charity, he de
termined to adopt a di'Ierent method;
so he procured, a supply of hay, but
kept it entirely out of sight of the herd,
and during the very severe weather, he
had each "cowboy ' sling two bundles
of hay across his shoulder, and have
them haug down fore and aft of his
bodv, so as to attract the attention of
the cattle, and pass quietly
among ;
them as they were scattered widely
over the plains, and when they found
one in a starving condition, just to lay
down a l-ttlc hay and pass on. In t at
way he did not pauperize, but lie did
vitalize and keep his need- cattle to
work on the line of self-support He
did not lose one that winter.
The Care of Callas.
Now this, I judge, is the scientific
treatment to give the calla. Let it have
rest lrom June to September, but do
not suffer its rootlets to die or become
withered. Look cl isely at a calla root.
It is like a cord of flesh, and each deli
cate hair is a mouth, through which
nourishment is to be drawn for the
plant. If the bulb is found stripped of
its live, and healthy rootlets when time
for repotting comes, then two or three
months win be taken in supplying a
new network before there will be any
extra energy to put into blossoms.
Here is seen tho error of the "drying
process." It is a waste of strength and
time to suffer the roots to become im
paired. 'I he method I have employed for
years is to place the plots outdoors in
their erect position, thus insuring to
cm tne watering of the dew and oc-
casion.il nuns, no more, uncss there
be a lonr drouth, during which they
should be sometimes sprinkled. In
September the plants, havinsr then one
or two short leaves, are repotted, taking j
care to preserve alt the neaitny roots
unin'ured: regular watering is com-
i .. t i ,
encLU; "vo "T ,l'1,eo "e "-'- a ,
i.:uusb uui aim ujussuiiii iiiv si-umcu.
w'thin a month after repotting.
Few
oallas, under the "drying p
UtWJ
will blossom before January or Febru
any. Under the plan here advocated.
the "resting process,'
th y are secured
in Uctouer, ami aie prouureu during
the longer period in equil plenty and
luxiirlancc-
I have had thirteen blossoms within
twelve-month from a single bulb with
but one crown and stalk. Who can
show better results than this? I do not
permit the younger bulbs to g'ow, but
lorce ali the strength of the plant into
ono stalk, and am repaid by l.aving my
lilies come in pairs, two out of each
blossom leaf, one generally showing
itself before the other is gone. ith my
five pots, of a single stalk each, 1 have
had seven blossoms in sght at once,
and never less than three.
Single stalks grow in greater luxuri
ance, producing larger blooms and
leaves. By crowding tho pots with
m.'ny stalks, more blossoms will be se
cured Irom the same space at your win
dow, but they will bo of an inferior or
der. The true window gardener is not
anxious to have so many plants, but
strong, and large, and blooming ones.
Give me one large calla that blossoms
freely rather than a dozen tiny pots.
Do not water callas at the bottom;
for no matter how warm the water is.
it will be cold when it reaches the roots.
It is better to use as warm as tho h.tnd
will bear, and pour in at the tup, let
ting the old and cold water run off at
the bottom. The whole pot is then
thoroughly warmed through. Use as
littlo water as may be, else tho richness
ot the earth will be carried off by that
which escapes. A little ammonia in
the water adds greatly to the vigor and
productiveness of the plant A. Y. Independent.
Glass Printing-Plate.
Many as arc the automatic engraving
processes that have been proposed from
time to time, and successful as some of
them have proved when workeil with a
combination of skill and capital, it is
not unlikely that many possible, and
even practical methods are destined to
make their appearance as years roll on.
We have now before us the first number
of the Australian Graphic, of Novem
ber 24, 188:5, published at Sydney,
which forcibly illustrates the fact that
there is yet another process available
other those hitherto in use. Tins .ournal
is unique, inasmuch as the whole of its
seven full pages of illustration aro
printed (with type) from relief blocks
on glas, at an ord'nary letter-press
machine. To this first issue we are in
debted for the following description:
"The inventor of the process. Mr.
Samuel Henry Croker, formed of Ball
ton, Tasmania, but now of Sydney, de
voted himself for some years m consid
ering how the pictorial press JjCiuld be
supplied with a chean, rapid acd dura
ble meaus of reproducing drawings.
After careful study of current mvthods,
and almost incess'mt experiment, he at
last rc-olved to take as the basis of a
new process the erosive action of liuor
ic acid on glass. Var ous metallb snb
stances suggested themselves to the in
ventor as tne material to be engraved.
but were rejected m favor of glass, lor
the reason that the fluoric acid has a
vertical or deepening ollect only on
glass, while in the cae of metals ft has
a lateral or undcrm.ning influence as.
well. And, in point of co-t, besides.
glass has the very great advantage over
all other substances of being inex
pensive. To adapt the engraved
plate to typographical purposes, it
has to be mounted on an iron block,
the cementing material being one of
the registered features of the pnuc-s.
Thus iixed. it is 'type-high' and ready
for printing from. At first sight gla-s
appears too brittle a substance to pass
tin ough the print ng-maehinc, but ox
j er nient has proved the contrary, and
it was not found necessary to carry out
the inventor's first intention to print
from electrotype ta en of the gtas.
Not only has pcrience proved that tho
risk of Ira hiring the glass in printing
is reduced to a minimum. 1 ut it ha-:
also shown that the glass has decided
superiority over the boxwood used by
wood-engravers, in that it is not affect
ed by any var ation of temperature.
The liner portions of wood-engraving
are sub ect, too, to deterioration through
the pressure and damping involved in
printing: but the most delicate engrav
ing on glass, will appear as viid and
exact at ti e last ropy of a large impres
sion as at the first.' l'rintimj 1inc.
Courtesy in Public Places.
It is a lamentable fact that one can
hardly enter a horse-ear, or go to any
public place without seeing tlagfant d s
regardof the rules of good manners, and
that, too, not only in people who are not
expecied io know better, but often in the
behavior of richly dressed women
who doubtless call themselves ladies.
The error and vulgarisms alluded to
are Iremiently coinini ted through
thoughtlessness or ignorance, aud
those who are guilty of these impro
prieties would, doubtless, be surprised
and snoeked if they were aware of the
estimate laced upon them and their
breeding by people who formed thur
opinion from some little act. tone or
movement which had wholly escaped
thcii attention. For example, a richly
dress:d woman enters a crowded c:ir.
A getit'cman rises and offers her h s
seat. She takes it without the slightest
sign of gracioiii" :
ickuowiedgment Wp
immediately
sav. mentalv: "Shelias no
manners, no courtesy." Si e places a
small coin bei ween her teeth or lips,
showing her w.nt of delicacy, refine
ment, and neatness but without enu
merating the disagreeable things often'
seen, let us, for the bene.'it of those who
may wish to improve, mention a few
common rules or good breading which
are, alas! too often ignored by those
who should know better.
It is vulgar to do or say anything
that attracts attention. Loud laughing
is in very bad taste. Loud conversation
while walking with a frend in the
street, shopping, or ridiug in a horse-
car, disp'av a great want of refinement
and of good sen-e. Besides the odious-
ness oi making ones sclt conspicuous
in tins way, it is reallv dangerous, as no
one knows what foul germs of disease
concealed in the dust of the streets may
blow into the mouth, and. lodging in the
warm, moist throat, germinate, givinjr
rise to disea-e. if not to death. Iror the
sake of health as well as decency, there
lore, it is better to keep the mouth shut
as much as possible. The aiftne con-dd-,
orations will lead a lady to wear a vail.
Never talk of personal or pr vate alia rs I
in public places: no one knows who
may be your listeners. To speak of
your own aflairs in public is imprudent
anil vulgar: to speak ot your mends
atlairs in public is rude and impertinent.
The same remark applies to postai
cards. The. LousthoUu''
ov
3"
TEMPERANCE IN THE SCHOOLS.
No more cheering sign of the final
:riuinph of Temperance exists than the
teal with which Temperance instruc
tion in public schools is be ng pushed
forward. The belief that something
must be done to stop the demand for
intoxicants before the supply can bo
regulated, has been steacfily growing for
rears. It is al-o evident that the de
mand must be lessened through the ed
ucation of the people in the physiolog
i al and moral effect of alcohol. The
most obvious and fitting place for such
instruction seems to be the public
school; obvious, becauso there all
classes of children are met, and fitting,
because it is the evid"iit duty of the
state, both to itself and to its youth, to
train upsoojr and law-abiding citizens.
A large part of the energy of the Wom
an's Chr st ian Temperance Un on. in its
national, state ami local capacities, is i
now d.rectcd to the introduction of sci
intifie Temperance instruction into all
schools supported by public money, in
tlueucc is brought to i.ear on Legislat
ures to make such instruction compul
sory in tie schools, and school commit
tees are besieged to introduce the study
of Temperance as a part of the required
curriculum.
The result of this work is most cheer
ing. In the lirst place, it meets with
general favor from the people. Frob
ably no clas of Temperance petitions
is so generally signed as the petition to
the Legislature to make tho study of
Physiology and Hygiene, taught with
special reference to the effects of stim
ulants and narcotics upon the human
system, compulsory iu public schools.
As a lawyer, not a Temperance advo
cate, remarked when a petition was
presented to h m: "1 his is what I navo
ureameu oi. a ins win iinaiiy soive too
vexed ouestion. I-urthermore, the
proposition receives favorable consider
ation from educators. In normal
schools and teachers' institutes the sub
,ect is discussed and generally ap
proved. Legislators and school com
mit ties treat the sub ect with respect,
and usually commend the end to be
gained, although sometimes doubting
the means.
Three successful State campaigns
have been organised. Vermont-lias the
honor of leading all her sisters in sci
entific Temperance instruction, as
Maine leads in prohibitory legislation.
Iu that State an art was approved a
little more than a year ago. requiring
instrm tion in the effects of nareotics
and stimulants to be given in public
schools. New Hampshire followed with
a similar act, which went feto opera
tion the first of this month. In .Michi
gan thorough work among the people
was first done. The press was. filled
with articles pertinent to the theme;
petitions were c rculated a'l over the
State; ninny clergymen preached upon
the topic; addi esses by the ablest
sneakers at command were delivered in
all the towns and cities where Senators
and Representatives-elect resided: per
sonal in tin en e was also brought to bear
on such Representatives and Senators
before the assembling of the Legisla
ture. The State Association of teach
ers sent a petit on for the enactment of
the law, and likewise the President and
many of the Professors at the Universi
ty. As a result, the combined opposing
vote of both blanches of the Legislature
was but fifteen.
In nearly all the States scientific
Temperance instruction has been in
troduced more or less into the schools
of various towns. Thirty-six towns in
Massachusetts have introduced such in
struction, and nearly an equal number
in New York.
A more rational line l emperanee
work was never attempted, nor one
which promises such far-reaching re
sults. It is making but little noise, but
its results are no less effective. The
hope of the Temperance cause, as the
hope of every other cause, is with the
children. Gulden. Jlulc.
What Alcohol Docs.
1. Alcohol is
a stimulant ?nd a nar-
cotic.
2. Alcohol interferes
wlth appetite
for food.
3. Disgestion is delayed
ami made
imperfect by alcohol.
-i. Disease of the stomach and organs
of digestion is caused by alcohol.
S. Aloehol unduly hastens the circu
lation of the blood, and causes con
gestion of the blood vessels.
G. Alcohol increases the work of the
heart, and thereby exhausts its power.
7. Alcohol so tens the muscular fi
bers of the heart, and weakens it by
changing the fibers into fat.
8. Alcohol relaxes the small arteries,
aud unfits them for their work.
! Alcohol weakens the plasma of the
blood, and overcomes its nourishing
properties.
10. The corpuscles of the blood are
contracted by alcohol, their size and
form are changed, and their capacity
to supply oxygen, and remove car
bonic acid, is 'diminished.
11. Alcohol inter eres with the burn
ing of waste-matter in the capillaries,
and thus poisons the blood, and pre
vents it from feeding the body.
12. Alcohol congests the blood-vessels'
of the brain, and causes apoplexy.
13. The substance of the brain is
hardened by alcohol, and its thought
producing power in'ured.
14. Alcohol collects in the brain, and
eanscs paraiysis and death.
15. Alcohol affects the size, shape and
color of the cells of the brain, and pro
duces insanity.
16. Alcohol absorbs water from the
nerves, and paralyzes their actions.
1". Alcohol, by its effects on tho
nerves, interferes with and weakens
muscular movements.
18. Alcohol diminishes the heat of
the body, and makes it sensitive to
sever cold. It is not a protection
agairst cold.
19. Alcohol affects injuriously men of
all tho different temperaments.
2j. Al ohol intoxicates.
21. Alcohol causes delirium-tremens,
and leads to other forms of insanity.
22. Alcohol tends to injure the moral
sense, aud leads to crime.
23. Appetite for alcoholic liquors
may be inherited From a liecent
Scltcol Booh by O. M. llrands.
There are now seventy-three Tem
peraiejc journals in England.
Temperance Eeadin
Costs Those
Use It.
Who Do Not
To count the cost of mm to the coun
try from a dollar-and-centstandpont is
toU' the very lowest view of the sub
je t "The mother of a ru'ncd son
would gladly give ten times what the
ruin cost, in money, to have her son re
stored to her, and esteem the dollar-and-eest
loss as nothing. The wife
cursed with a drunken husband would
be willing to continue in rags and semi
starvation could she have her husband
restored as he was before he was drawn
into the fatal whirlpool and morally
wrecked. But rum has a money side
as well as a moral one, and there are
those who would consider the money
side, though thny cared but little for
the other.
Rum is tho heaviest burden the peo
ple have to bear, and those who do not
ue it are compelled to bear iL with
those who do. It can be demonstrated
f that rum costs the United States more
per day than did the support of the ar
mies in the rebellion. It costs the coun
try directly more than the entire school
and religious systems put together. The
sum total of its cost foots up more than
all other taxes combined It is the one
great expanse that outwe'ghs everything
olse.
The city of Toledo has a population
of 70.CO0. It supports 800 dealers in
alcoholic stimulants. We take Toledo
as an example, the proportion holding
good everywhere the tratlie is free or
licensed.
To support theso SOO places, there
mut be paid out annually for liquor
tiot less than S2.SCO.000. Go over the
figures. Each saloon must average SHI
per day; the could not well live on less.
They do business every day in the year,
at least in this ruin-ridden city, which
makes the grand total S2.!)2o"0H) per
annum. It is perfectly safe to say that
it will not tall below :?2,50U.IJUJ.
But the loss docs not stop with tho
mere loss of the money. Were the
money taken from the people and
dropped into the harbor it would be bad
enough, but that would be better than
to use it as it is beng used. A power
for good, when properly used, it be
comes a positive curse when it has to
be filtered through the gin-mills and
beer-shops. It becomes then a positive,
aggressive evil. It is not only wasted,
but it become the destroyer of those
who w:istc it. It not only absorbs the
proceeds of labor but it "destroys the
power of labor. The workingman
whose Saturday n'ght in a beer shop
has extended over the Sunday and Sun
day night, is in no condition to do work
of any kind on Monday. If ho works
at all it is by fortifying himself with
more rum. under which' he breaks dowc
before the week is half through. No
drunkard ever does a full week's work;
indeed the time conies as certain as the
rising of the sun. when work at all is
impossible. Tne drunkard is not lazy;
rum has made him inclinable- semi
starvation accompanies the half-working
stage, during which the family suf
fers from insufficiency of the necessities
of life, and worse follows. In the final
stage they have nothing, and their rare
is another burden upon the alrcaly
rum-robbed communities that harbo'i
them.
Add to this already too long train ol
evils the cost of the police system ami
the criminal courts, ninety per cent oL
which is chargeable to ruin, and put on
top of that the cost of penitentiaries and
jails, and somo idea nnv be had ol
w at rum costs the people who do not
use it
No drinking man feeds or
clothes his family poperIv, or even ac
cumulates enough to build a house. He
does not even pay rent promptly, and i
never properly housed. The necessi
ties of life being impossible for the fam
ilies of such, of course the luxuries are
as far away as the stars. In such fam
ilies there are never books, magazine;
or newspapers, and what is worse, ed
ucation of the children is generally im
possible for want of decent clothing,
briuging up thousands in the ignorance
that leads to crime. The drunkard of
this generation infiicis a curse upon the
ne t.
We leave out all mention of the woes
unnumbered the poor victims of rum
have to endure we only call attention
to the loss sustained through It by those
who are not drunkards.
It is the simplest rossiblc financial
proposition. Rum absorbs the money
that should go to the providing of thc
necessities of life, thus robb'ng the
trader in those necessities. It destroys
the ab'lity to labor, thus robbing the
coaimunitv of whatever benefit" that
labor would be to it It compels snbei
men, who pay taxes, to support poiee,
jails, almshouses, penitentiaries, courts
and the other adjuncts of our very
bad civilization, all made necessary by
rum. Toledo lilade.
Fog and firo:r.
Arthur was walking along the beach
with his father one line afternoon. He
had been watehiug the bathers bobbing
up and down, their red caps or t apping
straw hats shining in the water like
shoals of buoys in the ocean. Here and
there he picked up a cork or a wine
bottle, and at last his father pointed out
to him a great hulk of a vessel that hat!
recently been wrecked. It had on it an
immense load of coal several hundred
tons. You could now look into it and
se p'iles of coal: but no one could get
at it, and it would cost more to get it
out than it was worth. So at last the
coal was sold for eleven do! ars "How
did it happen to get wrecked?" asked
Arthur. "I asked that question," re
plied his father, "of a gentleman with
whom I walked to the wreck tho day
alter the accident, and I said to him, I
suppose it was caused by fog.' He re
plied in one word to my question, and
that word was 'grog.' So. upon 'nquiry,
1 learned that this was true; that tho
crew had been drinking and, of course,
with uustcadv heads they could not
steer the vessel in a straightforward
course. So with many wrecks in life.
Men make mistakes that end in ruin,
and thev often find that there is more
danger in grog than in fog." -Temperance
Banner.
-
Di:. B. W. RtiiakusOX, the eminent
scientist, in addressing a meeting in
Lon Ion, said that
the temperance
cause w.U never win i s way itnt 1 all
the women in the kingdom and through
out the civilized world are embarked is
the enterprise of temperance."
What Ruin
V
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