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THE BED CLOUD CHEF.
airO on t i
X. L. TMKAft, rtflhher.
BED CLOUD, - NEBRASKA.
A FAMOUS SFT.
Carl gchaleieteter, the Chief ef the
eret Folic ef Xapeleea First.
8f
About an hour's walk from Stras
bourg, east of the village of Illkirch,
lies a domain known as Mcinau, now
desolate and in ruins, bat that was once
celebrated for its grandeur. A proud
castle with stately Greek portals, stood
within th lovely park, and the wonder
faljardens filled with rare plants ar
rested the eye of the traveler. ' The
owner of all this had furnished the pal
ace with every thing that was beautiful
and artistic, and all Alsace talked of the
wonders it coatained. And to whom
f did It belong, you ask? A man whose
name disturbed and alarmed half Eu
ropeCarl Louis Schulmeister.the head
spy and chief of the secret police of Na
poleon First.
He was the grandson of a Polish no
bis who.having killed his opponent in a
duel, fled the country, went to Alsace,
and lived in a small village as a teacher.
. He gave no name, and the peasants
called him Schulmeister or schoolmas
ter, and that name was handed down
to son and grandson. The son mar
ried well and prospered, and the grand
son, at an early age, in his haste to be
. come rich, became a smuggler; then
abandoning that, he managed to secure
the protection of Marshal Savary, and
was intrusted by bim with the trans
portation of a battalion over the Rhine,
and for which successful operation Sa
lary gained the notice of Napoleon,
"and then his advancement. From this
time Schulmeister was brought into in
timate relations with the French Govern
ment. It is Faid that his services were
used in the affair of the unhappy Due
d'Engbien, but it was in the year 3805,
in the war with Austria, that he became
prominently known.- When Napoleon
was in Strasbourg, he obtained audience
" with him and begged. Napoleon to ac
cept his services as spy.
"What credentials have you?" asked
Napoleon, gruffly.
"None, except my own."
"Then I can not use you," waving
him off with an impatient gesture, and
walking to the parapet.
As the Emperor stepped behind the
wall, Schulmeister quickly changed his
costume and came forward completely
altered in appearance. As the Emperor
saw this strange person approaching
him, he said, angrily:
"Who are you, how came you here
unannounced?"
"Sire, forgivo me that T did not go
away, I am Schulmeister."
Napoleon was won by this strategy
and took him into his service as chief
spy. Schulmeister left Strasbourg and
went to the commander of the Austrian
forces, the unfortunate Baron Mack.and
winning his confidence was installed as
spy. Through the information that ho
gave all the military plans of the Aus
trian army were made. He was called
Mack's "Delpbino oracle," and was
trusted blindly with the deepest secrets
that were not confided to the other offi
cers of the corps. And not
alone Mack, but the other Austrian
Generals were completely deceived by
him. He was allowed every freedom,
went among the troops, passed the post
lines, visited the enemy, and profited by
all this freedom without the least mis
trust being felt against him. He con
tinued these practices until he was final
ly arrested as a spy, shortly after the
capitulation of Ulm, and brought to Vi
enna, and upon the advance of the
French transported to Koniggratz. In
his trial his defense wa3 that he had al
ways told Baron Mack and the Generals
the truth, and without doubt he did give
them information, for he was as willing
to serve one as the other, only holding
to the winning side. At any rate he
played his role with the greatest tact and
cunning, and must have had some claim
to their consideration, else they would
have hung him then and there, instead
of taking him to Koniggratz for trial.
He certainly understood masquerading,
for at a resting station he suddenly
walked through a group -of the escort
ing soldiery bowing on all sides, who
let him pass without a question, never
dreaming that the stranger was Schul
meister. Bagged and- withont money,
he begged his way back to Vienna, went
directly to his ow protector, Savary,
who was then general commissary of the
French army police in Vienna.- - Here
he remained until the departure of the
French army, then was again arrested
by the Austrians, and only escaped with
his life through the diplomatic interces
sion of the. French Government. - -.&fter
this, in the war of France with
Prussia we find him by the sidoof his
friend Savary, and through his coolness
and courage he saved the General! little
corps from being taken by a strong Prus
sian division. He had dropped his name
as Schulmeister, and was then M. de
Charles, also M. -de Meinau, and riding
"in front of the corps with forty cavalry
men through the city of Weimar, called
upon them to surrender to the "advance
guard ota great army," and the strong
guard of Prussians stationed in the vi
cinity, fearing tobeverpowered by
Seyary?s corps, quickly retreated. From
t moment his Jute wis made. Na
poleon took: him into his private service
and gave' him - the most- .difficult mis
sions Tn 1807 when Savary was Gov
ernor of Konigsberg, M. de Charles was
prefect of the same, and in the war with
Austria in 1809 lie was war confussary.
But during the battle of Wagram, the
Austrians were upon his track, and he
found himself in the garden of a peas
ant's house and a detachment of Aus
trian troops approaching to capture
him. Hastily changing his clothes and
the expression of hip ''face he net them
on the stairs as an .old surgeon with a
case of surgical instruments and a basin
in his hands. c v
"We are looking fer a spy ; who is up
stairs; have you seen him?" they
asked.
- "That one up there as almost goae,"
nodding upward and speaking in aa
Austrian enefect, "he lies in bed and
will die soon!" The soldiers climbed
up the stairs, and Schulmeister again
escaped.
We next find him acting as Police
Prefect and also a courtier playing more
the role, of a courtier than a Govern
ment official. Through him Napoleon
knew all the habits and words of those
who came to the court and he lived the
life of a Prince. Then in 1814 his star
was again dim, and he hid himself un
til the return of Napoleon from Elba,
when he took tip his residence near
Paris on one of his estates. Here he
lived until the" 'second taking of Paris,
and then was arrested by the Prussians
and taken to Fort Wesel. Here his life
was saved on tbe-plee-that as Prefect of
KdnfgebenThnffihown such consid
eration and humanity to the people, and
e c
- -..... &47tesi'$Jg&s
his administration had beta so Jest a
one! After his release he disappeared
from the political borixoe. With Na
poleon's star his too weat dowa. Na
poleoa's valee of his services a d taeet
tlmatioa ia which be held hiss may be
seea by the following aaecdote:
The Emperor eae day was very grate
ful for some services Tendered and ask
ed him if he had ao favor to ask of him
in return.
"Sire," said Schulajefcter, "I have
one favor to beg give me the 'Croix. "
" Non, Charles, no," answered Na
poleon ; " ask me for a million and you
shall have it, but never the Legion
d'Honeur."
And the Emperor kept his word ; he
loaded hisa with wealth, aad his pos
sessions were valued from 1814 to 1817
at over ten millions. Toward the lat
ter part of his life he seemed to re
morseful and unhappy, and died in
1853, at Meinau, where he lived very
quietly, with none of the splendor of
former days, and his monef and pos
sessions went to the winds. He lived a
lonely life, and a favorite companion on
his travels was a fst black poodle. One
day he was surprised by an acquaint
ance in his house who was astonished
to find that the celebrated poodle was a
thin black dog whom Schelmeister,
when he had papers of importance or
contraband articles to transport over
the frontier, dressed up in the skin of a
poodle. Surely his ingenuity was won
derful; now if some American ladies
could only use their " Skyes" for like
purposes when crossing the ocean, and
thus avoid that "terrible custom-house ! "
Few papers noticed the death of Schul
meister; he died forgotten and bis name
is now almost unknown, aad yet there
is scarcely a history or account of the
Napoleonic time in which this bold
reckless man is not mentioned.
The Late Gen. Richard Tayler. -
Gen. Richard Taylor, who died in
this city a few days since, was one of
the best generals in the Confederate
army during the late war. He was also
a fine scholar, and a brilliant man in
society high-toned, graceful, witty,
with a rare power of adapting himself
to the circumstances and company of
the moment. To men of a younger
generation he was particularly charm
ing. When the faster members of the
Prince of Wales's set would meet at the
Marlborough, he would discuss coaches
with Lord Carington, cock-pheasants
with Lord Aylesfbrd, and the latest
horse-race with Lord Charles Beresford.
In the Park, with the Princess and
children, his manner was redolent of
antique chivalry. At the Turf Club he
would arrange handicaps with Admiral
Rous, and help Lord Kosebery make
his book for the Newmarket meeting.
At the Athenreum he would cross
literary swords with Sir Charles Dilke,
and at the United States service would
discuss military tactics with Sir Garnet
Wolseley and Lord Napier of Magdala.
Nothing came amiss to him. George
Otto Trevelyan, nephew of Lord Ma
caulay, read his articles in the North
American Review, and said there was
in him the stuff of a great military
writer. Statesmen listened with de
light to his dissertations on the Ameri
can Constitution. Von Moltke himself
gave in his honor the dinner at which
he met Prince Bismarck. Everywhere
he spread about him the charm of his
personality, and nothing distinguished
him from the crowd of raconteurs more
than this, that his conversation was nev
er forced or out of place, never labored
or prepared beforehand, welling up nat
urally from the stores of a naturally
rich mind. Harper's Weekly.
A Colored Lawyer's Life.
An interesting event, says the Boston
Journal, took place last Saturday, when
A. H. Grimke, Esq., a well known col
ored lawyer of tnis city, was united in
marriage to Miss Sarah E. Stanley, the
daughter of an Episcopal clergyman of
Wisconsin, and a lady of Caucasian
blood. The ceremony took place at the
residence of Mrs. Charles P. Curtis,
Mount Vernon Street, in this city, the
Rev. C. A. Bartol officiating. The com
pany assembled was select, and of the
highest character. Mr. Grimke has had
an eventful life. He was born in South
Carolina, and till the Emancipation
Proclamation was a slave, when,
through the intervention of friends, he
was sent North to be educated. He
graduated from Lincoln University,
Pennsylvania, and from the Harvard
Law Sehooi, where he took high rank.
From the Law School he entered the
office of William I. Bowditch, Esq., but
now has an office of his own. He is a
gentlemen of the fnest literary tastes
and qualifications, and the lady he has
married is one every way qualified by
natural endowments and acqalredkaowl
edge for the companionship ef any, man.
Mr. and Mrs. Grimke have the warm
friendship of a circle of friends moving
in the best ranks of Boston society.. It
is rare that we chronicle the intermar
riage of the races represented by the
contracting parties, and we do not re
member the parallel of the above record,
so far aa the social circumstances attend
ing it are'eoncexned. I
n
Staging ia the Pyrenees.
In the Pyrenees there is an interest-'
iug Buige-iiue Between iwu villager, one
on each side of a mountain 16,000'feet
high. After the coach hss proceeded a
little distance aad reached r the steep
part of the ascent the jcbnilebtor begs
the passengers to get out so as to ease
the horses; they are even requested to
push behind and help. the poor animals
to dng the huge vehicle up UK. When
at last t le summitis" reached each trav
eler, wiping from his forehead drops of
sweat as big as kidney-beans, congratu
lates himself on the breezy ride down
the steep slopes of the descent which
awaits him. There is where he fools
himself, for the ooadactor, with a sweet
smile, begs the gentlemen to behind
enough to hang on tothe coach behind
and act the part of a Weetinghouee
air-brake, or else the horses nay be in
jured. In this manner the terssiaae of
the line is reached, the passengers hav
ing pushed the coach all the way up one
side of the moantaia aad held it back
all the way dowa the other. Ia spite of
this there is a rash for placet an 'the
stsge.daiiy, as there has been for half a
century.
mm
An "exceedingly handsome pair of
conifers" (Araucaria ,excelse) ia the
grounds of Baron BothechOd at Fer-
neree, "perfect in health and symme
try," were four years ao "the most
unsightly plants of thewhole oollectioB,
being naked in their branches, and of
irregular growth." A writer ia the
Gardener Chronicle explaiae that this
remarkable transformation is the result
of heroic use of the knife " pruning to
pyramidal shape, cutting to within a
foot or two of the mala stem."
Senator Wad H awptok Jooka
strong and bluff, in spite of his recent
sufferings.
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suirKisurc mussine.
rartetel
rrteea Days.
from tbe Boeto JoaraaLl
The feats of oar pedeetrieae, thatch
uprising eaoogh, are oast into the
shade by the recorded exploits of
Era Hansen, a Norwegian sailor
ia the English Navy, early ia
the present century. Although
for a long time known to his shipmates
as aa extraordinary runner, he first at
tracted public attention by running
front London to Portsmouth, a distance
of 73 miles, in nine hours, oa a wager
that be could not accomplish the feat ia
10 hoars, and soon after he ran from
London to Liverpool, 150 zailes in 32
hours. Mensen aid not quit the sea un
til be had distinguished himself ia the
battle of Navarino, in 1827, but shortly
after that date he became a professional
ranner. After winning a number of
lesser matches be was induced to under
take the great feat of running from
Paris to Moecow. He started from the
Place Vendome at 4 o'clock in the after
noon of June 11, 1831, aad entered the
Kremlin at 10 o'clock a. m. of June 25,
having accomplished the distance of
1,760 miles in 13 days and 18 hours.
This feat, as might be supposed, cre
ated a decided senation throughout
Europe, and the employment of Men
sea as a courier extraordinary by Kings
and Princes became a popular amuse
ment in European courts. He ran from
country to country, and from court to
court, bearing messages of congratula
tion, condolence, or dispatches of great
er importance, and whenever matched
against the regular mounted couriers,
easily succeeded in beating them. He
always carried with him a map, a com
pass, and as many biscuits and ounces
of raspberry sirup as there were to be
days occupied on the journey. In win
ter he took with him a pair of long,
slender Norwegian snow-shoes, and in
traveling he always chose the most di
rect line, turning out neither for moun
tains nor rivers, but climbing the one
and swimming the other. He never
walked, but invariably ran, keeping up
a long, swinging lope for hours at a
time, without rest. His only refresh
ment was one biscuit and an ounco of
raspberry sirup per day, and two short
rests of 10 or 15 minutes each in 24
hours. These rests he took while stand
ins: and leaning against a tree or other
object of support. At such times he
covered his face with a handkerchief
and slept, and, after such a nap, he
would pursue his way, apparently as
refreshed as though he had slept for
hours.
In 1833 he started from Munich at 1
p. m. June 6, with dispatches from the
king of Bavaria to his son Otto, King
of Greece. These dispatches were de
livered at Nauplia at 9 a. m. July 1, or
seven days sooner than if they had been
sent by the regular post. In 1836,
while in the employ of the British East
India Company, Mensen was charged
with the conveying of dispatches from
Calcutta to Constantinople through
Central Asia. The distance is 5,615
miles, which the messenger accom
plished in 59 days, or in one-third of
the time made by the swiftest caravan.
On this wonderful journey he made his
way across terrible deserts, awful salt
swamps, where for hundreds of miles
he saw no living being, and through
countries whose inhabitants were sav
age robbers, and who lived in a state of
continual warfare.
At last the project was broached to
Mensen to explore the Nile and attempt
to solve the most interesting geographi
cal problem of the age the discovery of
the source of that great river. He set
out from Silesia on May 11, 1842, and
ran to Jerusalem, and thence to Cairo
and up the western bank of the 'river
into Upper Egypt. Here, just outside
of the village of Syane, he was seen to
stop and rest, leaning against a palm
tree, with his face covered by a hand
kerchief. He rested so leng that some
persons tried to wake him, but they
tried in vain, for he was dead. He was
buried at the foot of the tree, and it was
years before his friends in Europe knew
what fate had befallen him.
SleepSleeplessness.
Although every one is familiar with
sleep, and knows it to be a period of
perfect repose, it is only within the pres
ent generation that any considerable
progress has been made as regards the
physiology of the phenomenon. Forty
years ago the question: "What is
Sleep?" would have proved almost un
answerable. A writer on physiology in
1835, says, speaking of the phenomena
of sleep: "Of this phenomena we
frankly confess we can assign no physi
cal cause that is satisfactory." And
again: The present state of physiology
is so limited that we can not assign any
precise physical cause for the natural
kinds of sleeping and waking, nor for
their regular periods of return.11 Since
then, much has been accomplished; and
we may at length attempt to point out
adequate physical causes of those inter
esting phenomena with which countless
generations have been familiar.
During sleep, the action of the lungs,
the heart, and the stomach still contin
ues, but in each case more slowly than
during the waking hours. One great
organ, and only one, appears at first
sight to be completely torpid namely,
the brain. In thoroughly sound healthy
sleep, the sleeper seems sunn in absolute
dreamless unconsciousness; the brain
appears wholly and entirely inactive.
This is, however, not altogether the
case. The difference between this and
the other great organs of the body Is
one of degree only, not of kind. The
brain does not cease its functions en
tirely. During life, in fact, that is im
Eossible. Life consists in motion;
eace a complete cessation of action on
the part of aay one of the grert organs
of the body means the stoppage of all
the others and the dissolution of the sys
tem. The brain therefore, notwith
standing the lethargy and uncon
sciousness in which it appears to
be steeped, exerts still a large
amount of force. That fact, however, be
ing admitted, it is nevertheless plain
that the brain is the organ chiefly af
fected, and the one therefore which de
mands especial study, if we would un
derstand the phenomena of sleep.
. Experiments have accordingly been
conducted with this object. Advantage
has been taken of the necessity of tre
panning in the case of human beings,
aad dogs also and other animals have
had portions of the skull removed, and
in each instance glass has been, used in
stead of the usual gold plate to replace
the bone. By this means the various
1 in the appearance of the brain
sa accurately observed. Baring
ing hooxs, the brain is seea to 1
in the appearance of the brain
nave been accnrati
the wakuur hours.
be fell of blood, and Dresses with much
force against the skull, ineomnch that
in those eases in whaeh the portion of
bone removed had not bean replaced by
any other sabstsnce,the braia protreded
considerably. From experiments made
ia France some fifteen or twenty years
since, it was oDservea teas ia
the state of profoand sleep '
rT, afe ygflrfrftWB-.
the braia became pale
ceased to protrade throagh the opeeiag
lathe shall, or to press agalast the
glees, as the case might be. It thus be
came eviaeat that tae'uncoaedoeeaee
of sleep resalted from a large dimian
tioain the active circulatiea ia the
braia. Aad it was farther noticed, that
when the nnimsl or person experimeat
ed oa was observed to give evidence of
dreamier, by movements of the limbs
lag, by movements of the limbs
barking ia the case of dog, or speak-
.a a f - it.
isg ia tae caw ox numsn DeiHg tae
pressure of blood in the braia obvioctly
increased. Thus proving that the par
tial activity of the sentient faculties
daring sleep, which we call dreaming,
is really a partial resumption of the
Bormaf waking eirculation of blood
tkrnnvh
the brain. In other words,
when a oerson dreams, his sleep is not
sonnd. He is partially awake. The
curious feature in dreaming is that eer -
tain faculties bein? dormant, fail to con -
trol the imagination; the consequence
being incoherent fancies, and shreds of
remembrances tagged together in per
plexing confusion. The imputing of
any thing serious to dreams is therefore
mere idle folly. Whatever over-stimulates
the circulation of the brain' causes
imperfect sleep, if not absolute sleep
lessness. Although sleep is a natural and invol
untary state, it may be greatly promot
ed by maintaing a good state of cealth ;
by daily open air exercise, or by riding
or sailing with the face exposed to the
air; by having the stomach free from a
heavy meal, or any indigestible sub
stance; and by the mind being undis
turbed with cares. Over fatigun, indul
gence in food or drink beyond what na
ture requires, want of proper exercise,
and mental disquietude, are all causes
of sleeplessness. Breathing in aeon
fined or overheated apartment is also a
not unusual cause of broken slumber.
The temperature most suitable for sleep
is about 60 degrees, which gives the sen
sation of neither heat nor cold, and ad
mits of a moderate amount of bed
clothes being used.
The best posture for sleep is to lie on
the right or left side, with the arms
crossed over the breast in front, and the
head well up en the pillow. The mouth
should be shut, so that the breathing
may be carried on exclusively through
the nose. Some persons acquire a hab
it of sleeping with the mouth open,
which causes the grotesque and offen
sive action of snoring. Going to sleep
while lying on the back should be avoid
ed, as, besides inducing the sleeper to
snore, it is apt to cause disturbing
dreams.
When lying down to sleep, the mind
should be as composed as possible.
Thinking ought to be guarded against,
as productive of wakefulness. Those
who, from nervous irritability, are
habitually bad sleepers, resort to vari
ous expedients to secure the blessing of
repose. One of the most successful
plans consists in mentally repeating a
familiar poem or psalm, so as to alter
the train of thought, and lull the con
sciousness. It is a well ascertained fact that sleep
begins st the extremities; the feet sleep
first, and then the rest of the person.
On this account, in order to fall asleep,
we require not only to compose the
thinking faculties, but to keep the feet
still. The feet must also have an agree
able warmth. With a consciousness of
this fact, the North American Indians
and others who are in the habit' of
bivouacking in the open air when on
distant expeditions, sleep with their feet
towards a fire which they kindle for the
purpose.
Certain drugs act as an opiate and
produce sleep, when ordinary means
fail; but these should never be taken
unless by medical sanction. The prac
tice of using opiates is most detrimental
to health ; and if persevered in, is ruineus
to the constitution. Coffee and other
beverages act variously on different in
dividuals. They exhilarate some, and
others they send to sleep. Tea usually
acts as an exhilarant, by stimulating tho
nervous system, and should not be tak
en less than four hours before going to
bed.
While it is ascertained that sleep is
connected with the state of the brain,
there remains the extraordinary fact
that some persons possess the power of
summoning sleep by an effort of the
will. Napoleon Bonaparte is known to
have possessed this faculty. During
his campaigns, when no regular' repose
could be taken, he embraced opportu
nities of sleeping for a quarter of an
hour, or some other short period, and
waking up exactly when the assigned
period had expired. This subjection of
Sleep to tne acuon oi A me wui
is in practice comparatively rare. More
commonly, habit and predisposing con
ditions, such as darkness and quiet, in
duce sleep. There are occasions, how
ever, when, owing to great fatigue, for
example, an uncontrollable heaviness
and drowsiness will cause a man to drop
to sleep in a moment, even in the most
uncomfortable positions and amid light
and noise. But an attentive considera
tion of this invincible drowsiness, due
to long watching or over -fatigue,
throws great light on the primary cause
of healthy sleep and of the periods of
its return. We begin to perceive that
the diminished pressure of blood in the
brain is after all only a leading and im
portant symptom of a general physical
state; and in bringing about the condi
tion of altered and lessened activity of
all the organs which we observe during
the period of sleep, some one organ
must assume the initiative. And reflec
tion assures us that this physical first
cause is the nerve-force of the body
which, centered in the brain, controls
the whole system. Sleep is the means
by which this force is recruited, no more
of the force being expended than what
is neeessary to maintain the involuntary
muscular movements of the lungs, the
heart, aad the stomach.
On wan-in, the eves are opened, one
rises, one walks and works,one eats and
drinks; and especially ia some cases
at all events one thinks. Every one
of these operations, more particularly
iee lainung, involves u upwuiire
of nervous force, is a tax on the vital
energy, and diminishes to that extent
that rand of nervous force on which all
the complicated functions of the body
depead far their healthy exercise. Af
ter tins great tow of and strain on the
aervous force, there sets ia aa opposite
and compensatory movement, aa abb
and relaxation of nerve-force, aad this
prodae n the phenomenon of sleep. Of
coarse it is possible, by means of stimu
lants or excitement, to counteract this
aatnral reaction of the system, and for
a time to ward off its result. But that
oaraawonmtosayiBgthatit is possi
ble to lira oa ene's capital instead of
Oietoiiveoa eaes capital ukcm
one's income. Nature m due time
take her revenge. To maintain he
mm wiu
health,
th nrrwia4ksre off MTVOOA DOWMT daT-
ing the waiting honrs mast be balanced
andcompeesstarl by aa eqnrrakat pro
portion of sleep. CoBseqneatiyweand
that since msatel work is more exhaust
ing to the nervosa energy of the brain
thaa mnecalar exertion, even so must it
be made up for by an increased amount j
ef sleep. aw6o?WorJ
jiiTiiffiir fff-'-"" - , '--1 -.. 7 t.x.ufa-, ' - ;myq'"iMfsw88wyag ifiHK1MIH'""Td'ii - - i y
. . M il
ArrkaKare aad wther ladeewiee.
A division of labor m eae mt the
ral laws of society. Ia agrieekare
has not been as merhed Uthapcacn
ef dvistnetion as ia the meol
arts.
hat even here it has been aiaii,
destined to he creater. Thai
aad is
farmer wha shoala aadertake tecekl
vale all the crone thai one soil aad oIS-
j mate will prodace and breed all kiadi
Of WIRIUC IIIWIH, MM UN HH
time make bis owa plows, harrows,
harness, wacoas. etc.. woald sicaally
and deservsdly fall of raccer. Walk 1
this principle of a divkloa of labor has
become more aad more accessary a so -
cietv has advanced, aad has contribated
-
not a little to its advaacemeat, another
principle, equally iasportant hat aet o
1 apparent, m the nasty ef I
among all the varied ladnstries. The
1 social structure msy have, aad doheW
, does have, its foundation In Arricalture.
The firt and great want of man is food.
Agriculture not only supports the life of
man, but furnishes the raw material for
many manufactures and mechanic arts.
When the labors ef the hashandman
are rewarded with bountiful harvests,
the wheels of the maaniacturers are
kept whirling, the ships of the mer
chant are well freighted, mechanics are
busy, and capitalbu havo a demand for
their mo Bey.
While conceding to agriculture this
fundamental position among industries,
it should be remembered that a founda
tion is little worta without a superstruc
ture. If all men were producer,
whence would come the consumption?
If all, like Cain, wre tillers of the
earth, whence would these tillers gst
their hats, their coats, their shoe, their
jack-kaives, aad their newspapers? and
where would their wives aad daughters
get their bonnets, their silk dresaos,
their jewelry, tbeiraewing-machines,
and their pianos? The Northern fanner
may be a little more independent than
the Southern planter, aa ho raises a
f;reater variety of products, but if the
armor will look over hi well furnished
house he may be surprised to see how
dependent be is upon rnaauf acturers and
mechanics for his multiplied blessings.
Scarcely an article of furniture, even of
the most necessary kind, is home-made.
His tables, chairs, bureaus, stoves,
clocks, carpets, lamps, hardware, crock
ery, beds and beddisg, ia short, almost
every thing in the house, show tho hand
iwork of the manufacturers and me
chanics. Let us look at the table a mo
ment and see if this still holds true. To
say nothing of tho table-cloth, the china,
and glass and silver ware, the tint thing
we are offered is a cup of tea that
comes from China, sweetened by
sugsr that comes from tho West Indies.
The beef, pork and potatoes we
will take for granted are home products,
but they are seasoned with salt that
comes from Turk's Island and with
pepper that comes from Java, while the
"seasoning" of most dishes comes from
distant quarters of the globe. Were a
new colony to be started on one of our
Western prairies, it would be miserablv
defective if it were made up solely of
farmers. These should constitute a ma
jority of the settlement, but in every
well-organized society there must be
ministers, lawyers, doctors, teachers,
merchants, and mechanics. In tho early
settlement of New England it was quite
common for the farmer to have a work
shop in which he mended and some
times made his wsgons and tools. Some
went so far in this spirit of independence
as to keep a shoemaker's bench and
tools and a blacksmith's forge, but this
state of things, though perhaps conve
nient to the early settlers, is not adapted
to the present condition of society in the
older States. "Everyman to his trade,"
is a good maxim. The farmer who
makes his own shoes may be a cobbler,
but seldom, if ever, will attain to the
skill of a shoemaker. He had better
five his attention to raising potatoes and
uy his shoes of a regular manufacturer.
Just so with his blacksmitbing, wagon
making, tailoring, and all other trades,
and we may add with all the pro
fessions. The truth is, man was never mnde to
be independent of his fellow-man. All
trades, professions, manufactures, com
merce in short, all industries, and all
men are mutually interested in each
other, and stand or fall together.
The unity of interests between all in
dustries and all men of every nation and
every land is a truth which men have
been slow to learn. Local, family, in
dustrial, and national jealousies have
filled the earth with discord, violence,
and bloodshed. Culture, aided bv rail
roads, steamboats, telegraphs and tele
phones, is slowlv openmr the eves of
intelligent men to the community of in
terests among all industries aad all
races. Agriculture is, doubtless, the
leading industry, as more than half the
population of the globe are engaged in
it. It is, also, as we have said, a funda
mental industry, as it supplies the ma
terial for others; but even agriculture
unaided can do but little to supply the
wants of advanced modern civilization.
Manufacture, commerce, all the pro
fessions, and all the msehsnicel arts are
her handmaids. The body politic is like
the human body, made up of many
members, but all constituting one body,
and having a common interest. Alex
ander Hvdc, in the Ne York limes.
A Leng-kept Secret.
- A wealthy couple here had lived to
gether ia perfect peace lor 41 years.
While sitting in the parlor one evening,
not long ago, the husband surprised his
wife by saying, " I ant going to tell you
a secret you have never heard before."
There was a brief pause, ae the lady
aad n near relative who shsnsed to be
E reseat awaited the disclosure, and the
usband continued : " Yes, you will be
snprised to hear that I had another wife
before I married yon." Startled aad
aghast, the wife clasped her hands ia
suspense, and ssked, "Ami not thee
your lawful wife?" " Yoa are, my loved
and lawful wife," was the prompt reply ;
" niv first wilt died f oar years before I
casne to Dabuqae aadaeatyoa." Then
he related how h had anarriad his irst
wife, aad been senenaoaed to his home
toiadheraeadiachiWbwih. Thaa he
wans West aad settled ia Debew,
where the second rosntaoe of hie life
cease about. Six years ago ha received
a letter from tie woasen who had aara
ed his fret wife. She wrote that she
was upon her dsathhsd, and coeM not
rest until she had coalsnsed her share ia
a base crime. The wise had died, bat
the son had survived, aad throagh a
large bribe proffered by the dead wo
maa's father, the aarse's Una had heea
sealed and the haebeid told that the
child had died with its mother. This
man, the father-in-law, was wealthy,
but his daughter's death left him with
ont aa heirt and he took this means of
sapplying what fata had denied. With
her last breath the anrse informed her
employer that she had divalged the
truth to the geatiesaaa ia Dabaque, aad
immediately epoa her death the father-in-law
went West aad ofered n large
bribe. This was refased, bat the secret
was kept. The son was a millionaire
U tW fVv af P.. aad his
aasfeaetBlm. The snasnd w
was then 4d tW ftrath fer the fkHmme
sad eM tag feud aad pay tae
wHsaavtite. When the stery
lota the wile eantinnsed ia few toaeei
"9ies ya here ken k from me m
long. I waaM rasher jeahatl new rv
neatedfe." The exdftsnN irt canned by
the teciul prorvd fatal. Ia tw ey
the lady wa Oead. timr Tlw,
The Flecvtt.
N'errtHM pi operation, e a Frokgtl
nhv.'cil dbordcr. sat the New Yok
a rf . : ...
1 Timet, U a eowplalat of coniparatmty
i rtcsat date, bat one mach mere nrsva-
leal thaa aay oae who has srt looked
iato the matter can have aay Idea of.
Trars ago people wm said to hare m
"fidgets," whieb, in same lataacm,
may bate described ths mum trob J
which now newei aader a lar aawe,
tbo9ga,a a rals, what It known a ar ?
voiw prmlratioa fa fcraad Ia a more or
Um nmni4 xhakHi of th svMem. I
rather than ia eaUv excited dltpl&rs of
nervous acuoa. ny iar tae kttsmcv
number of"narers from thU troHble la
oar own conatry are voaag womea of
good ocW poritiea. Ia New York City
at tae pretest tints there are btmdrtd
of well to do women to whom iile fe a
burden in coneqeenee of aerrou weak
new. Seemingly alight bodily torl or
trifliar mental exertion provei to be a
tfreater load thaa thev caa carry, aed fa
followed bv aki4e afsfcte or
extreme
ukvsieal debility. Aal yet It m enea
the caw that so oatward iadleUloaa ex
ist cf this inward troable. TUt person
to atfltcted may apparently be stroag
and vigorout, and may have a most tx
cfllent appetite, asd Jfor tbe reason
they sometimes fall to receive the con
sideration which their actual con
dition entities them to. On the
other head, the oatward chsracterUticj
of the disease are so misleading that the
work of imiMMturo is made eaty, aad,
hence, to that unhappily large cla who
dislikes to be thought well it offers ad
vantages which it fa to be feared have
not been paused by. As, years ago, it
was considered rather creditable than
otherwise to have the gout, so, for tome
time past, nervous prostration hsxbeen
a fashionable complaint, taxing the pa
tience and skill of thoxe physicians
whose practice U among our wealthy
clasc. There wsenn to bo a ycl no
sailed method of treatment, thosgh
one or twp medical men might be nam
ed who havo gained quite a reputation
as specialists on account of their suc
cess in effecting cures. The dlseaae it
self is for the moot part attributable to
an ignorant violation of the ordinary
laws of health at a time of life when a
strict following of them U of theutmoNl
importance, and to that mental depres
sion which nnmsrried yoesg women
often experience in looking forward to
a seemingly profitless future. It it a
singular fact that working women and
married women are but seldom suffer
ers from nervous prostration.
-
flagging a UeTerner-fjeMcral.
A young man, in the full uniform of
a Procurateur's Secretary, called lat
week on the Governor-General of Char
kow. Courteously saluting, said he,
" M. the Prcuurateur begs your Excel
lency to be so good as to come at once
to his office."
"Any thing very important?" was
the answer.
" We are on the track of Prince Krapo
tins's murderer, and your Excellency '4
presence is most necessary."
"Good! I will ring and order the car
riage." " Pray do not trouble to do so. The
Procurateur has sent his own carriage
for your Excellency that no time be
lost; every thing depends on expedi
tiousness."
The Governor and the young man. got
into the carriage, drove on, and have
not since been seen! The Governor
had himself fallen into the hands of tho
Nihilists.
The head of police has since got a let
ter from the csptured Governor implor
ing him not to prosecute the search for
Krapotins's assassin, as success in this
direction would be followed by the loss
of his (the Governor's) head, who is
held as a hostage. London WorUi.
A Plant Witheat Stalk er Leaf.
There is a very big flower with a queer
name, Raffltsia mrnoldi; but the oddeet
thing about it is that it has neither stalk
nor leaf. I don't mean a dead flower
with the stalk and leaves plucked away,
but a living aad growing flower. The
one I beardof measured three feet across,
weighed ten pounds, aad could hold
about two gallons of water. It was
foand ia the East Indian island of fen
matra, but I'm told that others of the
same family have been seea ia Soath
America. These curtons low en- grew'
epea the roete et osaer nisnts, seeameg
teaitoa the roots, ana spreading ea
like heade of eahbages .-8t. JfeAofa
for May.
n
Anono the Chiaeee msdlsataaats ex
hibHei at the late Paris Kxpoekkm were
the taetde of n stag's bora ae a remedy
for bronchitis aad rata mat Ism; dried
fowls' gizzards for indigsssise; the
dried and roasted lame of grasshoppers
for headache, and a glatiaoas decoctioa
of donkey's shin, which is considered in
fallible for consumption. Aaother
remedy for rheumatism was a powder
prepared from elephant's skin. A stim
ulant shown was a tincture ef scorpions,
and a gelatiaoae decoctioa of tiger's
bones was presented as a costly hat
efficacious tonic. There was bear's nail
also, as a general antidote, aad a jar
half filled with fonr, ia which were a
number of live toads. When the fioar
became well soaked wkh the saliva
etc., of the toads, it was withdrawn,
dried, and ponaaed iato a powder. Its
aseisas a savaTto pro dene ieesning,
with the view of restoring persons fa
coavalsiona, hysterics, or faiatiag file.
Tax nriaciaal Italian jonraal of MOan
describes, Qn 1 sa Victoria ae "a meet
a a sne l
SmaamaamU mmxetsfsmmmaftdsmmmmr 'TIsmVmmmflimmemmWmmhBmr
ing lady, attired ia deepest moaning,
too short aad stoat for royal dignity,
bet bearing a somber sennet aet avsna
of charm. The festal as, somewhat
drooping, are iarpriated with a sad
dened, pained expression, iadiceerve of
iaward physical taamring rather thaa of
mental sorrow, to which it
ascribed. Her walk is that cf a
mora advanced ia years
she advances slowly, her gnet being
equal, una mat of a
from rhenmaoc name: bat there ie
abont her that air of metis sei an ae
qnired by the habit of command, whiea
renders it impossible to mirfiks the
Qaeen lor an ordinary
A Soach F0130 highly rtco
ad by the Bdtntifie American, caa he
made by mixing eqnal parts of powder
ed borax, Persian insect powder, and
powdered eoiccynta. Jnet hew it act
is not stated, bat probably it makes the
iasects saeeae to death.
A LHrry Character.
When Sistpkia w ta-rifd to 4!&t
a iKevary frty. fw as v gt, h
began seedyie th pTotewn ty
ties smI lamliW ?ia in yr !--
nMheagaed larpff-MVTO rm rcl 1
!fa whem h taptM to S jr-nJ,
well s Umb gvaeral cojbrt ft fe.1
hfa re elfUfcl ew, w ih tj-wttn
aay, aad knew jsH wht It w g. xtt
to fni ia the pfcfa, WH & j,
Jetted dewn ia a aw-b. ia rw
mm&rj hoJ4 fall He t
Cirpo, and kia hH ii
m. he said
Aa Saekeefeare reafck, ft UUr
hue then than not to get rvs4 t
all, yp know," aai ! h J? r?J
dewa wkh a wy red fw tatrt , -aer
and fcxk a jwe? at hfa b t
what it wa he waaud U $j
H w 4 ts4e a fr Iv'r.
who feetfaa ecnriton by rKwi-3j
that The prvweai uf poetry ca.
to appeal o the tiixU lHr
the tMfcmr. ami the futaru. tNor! J
hope,
woaUI enog wwwe :-
iat. "
"Yet, ye," Ad
.lrtukL4tv lid fiitrirw 1
v lk ( la- Vrf
too Uu to 1
darn ocklr mot
...a.' -,t .. .--.- .
Rl! OtTff U.'
to pat ia a Mitch la ilwe ic c
No, that faa't whu I meant t t.
either; it's arer too Iato to ft asy
thing. yo ee."
Then Slmphln crawled behind He
t tove aad reed all hi phraa orrr a
When he earre4 asa jo$nl a ctr i ;
a tahla he ww C4tthl blwtwn 5y
TOMBjc ladlet, each of whom came in t :r
a share of hi attentions, until Ha ..
How happy con'd I be Hb eilhr, it
t'other dear charmer wawan if hjvl
go home."
And then Si wphla broxa for th t tr
aa a horrified cxprewloa coe nsr th
Joung ladira face, ad graspta b
at he ruihed from the hoo m!drft
the street, nsanaarisg How hrj
than a toothie child It U U havo a
" and then he fainted dead wr
Oil Ciiv Ikrnti.
Ksmtera Mutual lataraarc
Forty years ago or aore, in pa
throagh Vermont, I obrrtHl on mti
of the building a card or label limit 1
" mutual " On inquiring. I fount! ilu
coat of Insuriagwa very Much h ti;n
with the lock companies hen 1
came Weat 1 oftea urged th farmr f
form mutual iauraac ooiMpnkr, ar 1
do their owa Insuring at their pw cnt,
and rerl?c all the tierllL o my
reasonably Infer that thn ntoV corai
nfp roako large profit, by lh fine iarn
blocks of buildings they h In t j
large cities, aad the rooarry iby hve to
loan; brides the large alartMthnr par
their officers aad their grral nutuVr f
agents, oftea failing ami wrunlujc ti. r
patron out of their luonry Vhntb o
stock companle are round and hone!,
the policy holder receive bu:k luw,
only '20 to 30 jwr cent, of the amount
they pay out.
rive years ago latt winter tb farm
era of Mucst!na County, lown, fmt:r-l
a mutual inturance company, orr
ruencing in March, IH7I, with 1- r
$60,0CO lnurcd, whloh ha lntro;l
to about t&CO,0CO. ThU properly r-m
ists of dwellings, barns and biiiNHni;.
farm tools, produce, churefcet nnd
schoolhouiei, none of which hall be n
city or viltage. When a Iom occur t
fire or lightning, an ae mentis m.v!
to meet the lost. The Secmtary dor ail
the boainest, receiving $1 &0 for urT
and policy of each Inwirane-, wHji h i
hi compennitioB, ecept for maks
an asaeaament, and receipt. Hcl!r
the 1.50, the policy hofdsr pj oni
mill on the dollar at the time of inur
ing. To this date, otr?r flvn nr$, w
have met with three Iomcx u.ul
amount a little lees than 'i.J00, ami thn
assesiments amounted to i tnitli on thn
dollar, including the one null ftmt pal 1,
which mrcts Incidental expeste
Now fnmiflM, took on ihU and If
you caa not nave mony, and hare jmr
insurance done at home, and without
loss by failure of companlcji. Th I
by delinquents is very small not orrr
2 to 4 per cent, on the amount to ixi cl
leeted. Cor. Country Qtntlcinnn.
11. ii.
Crazed by Kellglea Ktrltrmmt.
The Pocaseet traredy recall th cm
of one Truman Pbtaney, a trmtr of
Geauga County, Ohio, who, 10 year
ago, went crazy at a MethodUt rvivI
and became reized with the id thai
the Lord had commanded him to hill
hUrson. At 3 o'clock one morning hi
wlfs was aroused by h-:r hubnd, who
was engaged in the work of whetting
the butcher-knife la a very diligent war
Having noticed that he w a Ii tie
strange the day before she was a!rwd,
and asked what he wax doing At flru
he would not tell her, but at lvegth,
with great show of reluctance, ho id
that tan Ierd had revealed to him that
In order that the whole household nilht
be saved his little son muit be arn
need, and he was getting ready to car
ry oat the will of the Lord. The alarm
of shams tfcir was hejead description,
bat she kept perfectly cool and appear
ed to be greatly leterasted in what w
going forward. At length she aunpt-
el la rsnsss him to put oil the ci
ftce fer a time, hat this he would ot
consent to. He said that now wa the
accepted time and the day ef salvation.
Flaaily see egmjstjj that it would be
peeper to have a eermfa neighbor prc
eat, as he always took much interest In
all that was going forward ia the txta
ilvand was wkhai very pica. To th'
sir. PaJaacy eoaeeated, aad with hu
wise weat to iavile the aeighbor to the
seavifiaer: Tae aeitnhor eaeae 4 o
ceeded ia securing Ph inner brfore bo
completed his bloody work. H
taken to the Cleveland Insane Asylum,
where ha died some years later.
The very newest stockings are in
solid cefcnrsinrifcerhaJe thread, rib
bed and open worked. The rib form
stripes that ma ap aad dowa to tie
tie, aad over the instep, aad above
the ankle they are laid acre, which
roeade thalawer part of the leg as it
rises shore the boot. The colors are
piak, Mae, garnet, tinted white, and
some colored red. A at nw-colored silk
tt risking is hieeeomsry embroidered ia
brown; midway hetwsea the top aad
the iaetep is a band of brown ; at the top
is lean, edjrjeg. Aaoiktr style has the
instep aad heel ia dark red, aad the
ether part af the foot, as wall as the top
of tan steokiac, is gray. A beastif al
cream eeluied silk steekiag has aa em
broidery rss riaiating wheat oa the sidei
nad iaseep this ie ia extremely brrht
Wee niht JL siasrnler pair of white dlk
toakrnce has three bands of open work,
reeesnafiag ken, oa the iastep, three
half way ae the leg, and a very broad
striae ef the same at the top of the
etockiag, which is nabbed wkh Uce.
Another very elegant stacking U check -edwkh
white and Wank, Ska snirjrr
domino. A fir of IWe thread stock
ings is embroidered ia green, wkh tail
aad small flowers oa the tssurp
lTl-a.ipWBaagapw- --Tsi.
atwlSiui 1 iii
-T jftanaimimmmm mumrn
yar-JT
1 1 1 HIIIDI 1 1 II I " 11
"I - . : . ... -.f -.,r, - -n .. , f , I I II I.
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