L t J - --xy a "V 'tfpfe- c'scWiimn faifajteBB8-.- p',r-- " i-JiWtXIXff ". $(& ! .jh. y Aifi5 j J 'an America Traduce an Original Art! ft-v . '.ffc-iaK Tin Amc'rictn Architect in it latest number, comments very wnsibly on an nrlicleju iu-Jondon .niimeflakefvbtok' (liM-iiMietMprapeci forthe proiWfcS tion of an original art in America, ri'jikiug our country as the one in which ;5Vichia' prmpoet would be the fnoat fa vorable, the Engliah-critic eiaTiines the evidence open to him as to the origin ality of our art work, ami comes to a conclusion by no means Haltering o us from his pointVof view, j "What we liiul in America,"1 he says, "is;' good. nai oi national taste tor poetry ami not much for music, a very moderate Jm()wltgejthe"beaofpamU.and Sculpture, and, in'respeetof architect ure, a remarkably bimple condition of things, which he describes in effect as a mere jumble of p;Wfiabld .imitations of basUinl Italian, English villarchitcct ure, and verv "fair" conies of Gothic churches. , We are not at nil ilhpo-ed to'rjuafrfil withy this critici-m of American art, though we might easily ,uUow il to be too .sweeping, or to defend our people against the charge of a want of original ity. On the contrary t we should prefer iH&'JjL5&'?uf&n."4Jn(J count of that indictment, and'if'thc charge were one which, being proved, limit be followed by general condemnation, we should en ter only one plea in mitigation of pun ishment. It is that there has never been the .slightest reason to eipectthat thus early, if at all, in our national lif, the art of America would prove origin al. It is barely a hundred years since the nation declared its political inde pendence. It is but eighty-eight since its government assumed quasi national form. The average life of a single gen eration wouldjneaurc the period dur ing which the reallv aethe forced of general intercommunication have been at work to knit the various dements of our population into .something like a confeistetit whole. And it is only twelve . years since the close of the civil war, which broke down the barrier that pre vious to that time, had made the two great sections of the country not only different, but violently opposed to each other in interest, in social customs, and in habits of thought. . Meanwhile the country has been populated. How? Ke laU vely in small part by the descend anta.of' the' original inhabitants at the time of the devolution, and largely by immigrants and their descendants in the second and third generation. This - motley population has been rapidly spreading over a vast area, clearing the forest, .subduing the soil, building itself -dwellings, workshops, factories, and comparatively little elae- To expect from a people with .such a history art remarkable for excellence, of any kind, and especially art .sufficiently homoge neous and complete to lie called nation al, and .sufficiently different from the art which has gone before to be called original, is absurd. Moreover, it appears that the condi tions of life at this epoch are not favor able to the rie of an original art from any source. If Mr. Tai nes theory be accepted that enduring art can only be reached by the complete and character istic expression of the milieu of the ar tists, what can be expected when the milieu tends more and more, over the ?.faue of theglobe,to become the .same?. tjv nenJiomefana rioience are i:iuuj into a marked resemblance" to London, ' and Cairo is a miniature Paris; when tin' national costumes from l'oland to the I'vrenees are giving wav before the steady advance ol the English hat and French pantaloons; and when in all the intellectual centers of Europe art-education runs back to the study of a more or less remote past, what is there likely to be left, in a few decades, of essen tially peculiar surroundings or national ideas from which art can take its im press of originality? We have but to glance at the Orient to see the tremen Iiious effect which is produced by the rapid spread of influences common to the European peoples. Every one rec ognizes in much of Oriental art a char acter entirely its own. In color.in form, in combination, in ideas and in meth od, Eastern art is clearly original. But to get the full flavor of these qualities, we must go back at least one genera tipn QuantUiesof worarenowbeipg turnedout in Asia Minor, in Indiain fjapah,- and, to a less extent in China and Persia, for the European market, in which European tastes are consulted, ami European methods are followed. "We see it in the Hood of so-called Ori ental "art objects" which has been poured upon the Now York market du ring the past year; much of it has been been interoting, and a very little of it has been almost perfectly characterist ic. IJut a large part of it has been poor &:ind barren in design; badln workman ship, and vulgar and "shoppy" m pur pose. The greater the demand created here, the less the wares which are sent to satisfy it contain of objects really expressing the characteristics of East ern art. If the old and sluggish peoples of the East are surrendering to the influences which proceed from the commercial centres what can be anticipatodirbm thejpeoples who Immediately surrouad those centrcsnnd especially from -the American people, which has as yet nec- c essarily always been the,niost commer- f cial of them all? Whether American . art may yet, in -some indefinite future, phave characteristics of its own suffi- - oiently defined and valuable to consti- " .tute originality, is hardly a question .rwith which our artists or their patrons fneed just now to troublo themselves greatly. If the former arc williug with . all possible fidelity to seeka pure and truthful ideal, and to pursue -itwith such patient skill as they can attain, anil if the latter but make the best of their opportunities to know and to pos- .sessjionest work in any.deparUueiit of art'toSvhich- their taste inelinerthem, originality will take care of itself. cw York Times. v J The Richest Eng Ushifomau Mr. Thomas Coutts died, aged 91, in i aw- He did not lound thohouser but J he o-ave it tho fame it enjoys. Lady Bhnlctt,. tho.jaiother of IBaronasa Bur-- dett-Coutts, was Ins ttnra uaugnier o bis iirrwifdTait eztUentoWMUMi of veQ ilen4Hef,,ttgrliole of firimme-ae weali?Jfter1p-0!ding handsomely for his daughters, to his second wife, Miss Mellon, a celebrated v actress, and she no doubt in accordance with his wishes, bequeathed it to his -ro-.i.ifoiicrh.ter. Whv Ladv Burdett- CouAs was thus selected has not been; explained. As soon as Mrs. Coutts was known to have inheritodthis prodigious fortune she became a oentralfigure in "EnlisH socieThe'lfondon papers f 1894. when she emersred from widow hood, rlevotedinmchspaoe toherdoings :. "Mrs. Coutts entertained at dinner, last; irl.t. H. R. H. the Duke of York, the -n..i- Arli;nrtrin tint Duka and Duchess of jSgyil,"fel., &afelliroiiglOheia ores in half a dozen novels ot that uay, notably in Disraeli's " ViTina dray." Five years later she marrieu tue xjukq .. m a ? . T AMiuvi - - - rI l I St. Albans, out a me annuity oi ww rv 5 ?- -. - x A tjf " T "" ' 000 a vear was all he or his family got by the marriage. The lady knew full Well how to hold the nurse-btriiurs, for itt,her,youth,every.penny had been of WpoYWBCOlO.iae iruggmig atuw- "In the 'earlv'p'art of her career the Baroness Burilett-Coutts was like Queen Victoriato whom men in the pit of the theatre used to write notes to say that they had caught the glance of her eye, and were ready to eonsenfto be come prince consorts dreadfully pes tered by would-be suitora, and a certain Mr. Dunn became such an insufferable nuisance that she had to seek a legal .remedy. Ther,is little doubt that her money hasmad.her'an; did, maid, but she probably finds compensation in the fact that it has alo made her the most pop ular, woman in London, withwhieh city uhe has alwavs closely "identified herself : for Lady B. Coutts, with all her millions, has no country seat, ex cept a rilla, inherited from the Uuchete of St. Albans, at Highgatc, in sight of the metropolis. Her town house is an immense bay-windowed mansion in Stratton street, a cut tic xac which run? along side the walls of Devonshire Houe in Piccadilly. lt windows com mand a fine view of what is called, the Creeu park and Buckingham palace. The mansion contains quantities of very costly ohjrla iPnrt, including a cabinet said to have been appraised at 10,000 guineas. She entertains a great deal, and gives perhaps larger dinner parties in her vast ilming room man any oiner per son in London, but neither her dinners nor her balls are exceptionally recher che. Still fchc sees all the most inter esting peoph. She is an intimate friend of Mr. Gladstone, who in 1871 advised the Oueen to raise her to a peerage, and he and his family passed several weeks' with her in town some years ago when his own house was not available. Lady Burdett-Coutts is now about sixty; she is tall and thin, with a very amiable expression of countenance and pleasing manner, the latter being utter ly devoid of the slightest arrogance or pretension. To whom Lady Burdett Coutts' enormous wealth will go is not known. Her brother. Sir Robert, is a queer old bachelor, with $200,000 a year, but she has nephews and nieces who are by no means weaiuiy, anu wno 1 . a . ..1 ....t!n..tillit i rmi !.. consider ineiuaeives uiuiuuuuj for thumping legacies. eligible The Hygiene? of the Voice. Dr. J. Whitefield Ward lectured in Steiuway Hall yesterday on the "Hy giene of the voice." He briefly de scribed the mechanism of the human musical instrument, and said that of all the different parts none is so interesting as the larynx. In discussing the hy giene of the voice, Dr. Ward said that there are man' agents which more or less influence the voice, the four princi pal of which are climate, diess, diet and exercise. Change of climate will undoubtedly for a lime exert some slight deleterious influence on the lar ynx, but this influence is greatly over estimated. All clothing should be closely attached to the body. The pres ent fashionable. style of dress is decid edly unhealthy- The chest and abdo men are uunaturallycoufined.the lungs had other organs tkn being prevented from acting in a normal manner. The dress should be worn high in the neck, and the sensible female artist avoids as much as possible appearing on the stage in full dress. The throat should not be wrapped in comforters, boas, &c.t chest protectors should not be worn! and the feet should be guarded against wet. Food supplies, nourish ment and warmth, and the article of diet which has the special property of producing heat in the body is fat. The diet of the singer should be bland as well as nutritious. Of the different kinds of meat venison, turkey, roast beef and lamb are the easiest to digest. Cooked vegetables, unless too highly seasoned, are easily digested; but cab bage, cucumbers and such like should be avoided. Pastry should be invaria bly discarded. Dinner at noon, follow ed by a light tea at nightfall, is a rule which, if rigidly adhered to, will be a safeguard against all ordinary attacks O UHUKCkUOU., JLu unici iiiui ;hji.- ui singing lie properly performed, it is alisolutely necessary that the1 stomach be nearly empty. Alcoholic beverages should not on an' consideration be in dulged in by vocal artists, for they de stroy freshness and vivacity, and pro duce a peculiar hoarsness "and cough easily distinguished by the practised ear. For the proper development of the local chords, there are several , rules which must be Observed. The exer- cisemnst be regnlarlymid systematic ally practised; they must always be within the register; they should never be pushed to the point of fatigue; they should never be sung too lond; they should never be made use of when the vocal organs are attacked by cold, no matter how slight, and they should be practised while standing upright, so as to allow of free play of the lungs and accessory vocal organs. Bodily exer cise is especially beneficial to the sing er. In concluding his lecture Dr. Ward said that learning to sing cor rectly is learning to be healthy. N. Y. World. Teachinc; Latin to Cons. Speaking of Latin, say3 Charles Dud ley Warner, reminds me that I taught my cows Latin. I don t mean thatl taught them to read it, for it is very dif ficult to teach a cow to read Latin or any of the dead languages a cow cares more for her cud than -she "does for all the classics put together. But if you begin early you can teach a cow, or a cafi (if you can;teach'sa calf anything, whiclrl'donbOjatin-as well as Eng lish. .There were ten cows, which, IJiad. to escort to and from pastumiglad. morning. To these cowsV gavtCthe names of.ihe Roman humila3fliN ning with Unus and Duo, an4 Ulf UJM tolecam. ueoeni was mtmrmr-m luWest'cow of -the partViior "at'-leaat- she was the ruler, of the othira, ad had the t)lace'of honor in thestSIJd arvwhare else. I admire cows'aficT MeeUtHyvlbe txactness with whichlhey lne Ailrsowalposition., ImthWoase Decern could "lick" Novem, and flo- vem could "lick" Octo, and so ondowm t TTn,,., wVnrtdiH'lick!?ianTbodT anumt riiar rVCTl A1f ! t "- ,, ! ".i, !; ou'2ht:to:hvecalled the' wekeat?ow auuuuac wm a. Un nsieaa oi unus, copsHKnug . j., -"k ' ww - ij sexbut I didn iln'r iro mnoiii to .tech tho cows the declension, of soiecuves,. -- . -- - - ' - -- ' - J - -" . in which I was not verv well up mjiwM tI and beside it would be .of Kttle ugio ft cow. Well, these ten cowJmewAtleir: aames after awhile. -UMsttTtheTcap PiireCtodvpuldlialfeir 4ew as i eaueu mem. ai itKisxru wiAir .... ... ...1 . ...- 1. ...... XJk..Ma iti'wriancp 1 lVllllHVti.iv gvuuniic -tuj.w ,u'6unB speak of a "pair of bnrs," when there were six or eight of them,) or in -- 4, - 10 me siaoie, me maner oi preueucucc ., i . Aa. 1 -1 aI. . . . 1 aI. m . Ai nnna was suiueu meu auu iucic, uw uu si settled there wan no dispute about afterward. Kovem cither put her horns into Octo's ribs, and Octo shambled to one side, or el the two locked horns and tried the gam,of puh and gore until one gave np. Nothing is stricter than the etiquette of a party of cows. There is nothing in royal courts equal to it ; rank is exactly fet tled, and the same individuals always have the precedence. It is said that in other society there is sometimes a great scramble for the first place, for the lead ership as it is called, and that women, aadmen too, figfet for what is called position : and in order to he first they will injure their neighbors by tolling stories about them and backbightiqg, which is the meanest kind of biting there is, not excepting the bite of Jlcatf. But in. cow society there is nothing f thisdctf action hv order to get the Unit ,.iom. nf flu. friii. r the fartiier-'stalFfn the stable. If the question Arfcesflhe" cows turn in horns ana au,na semeu with one square fight, and that ends it. I have often admired this trait in cows. fienrral Crook Onthelniian Situation General Crook, commanding UieDe-" partmentof the Platte, has been inter viewed by the Omaha lice, and has giv en a number of interesting, facts and views regarding the Indian situation. The General said he felt indiflerent in reference to the transfer of the Indian Bureau to the War Department; ho considered that the management of the Indians would always be a difficult question, and he believed that it would not be an easy matter to maintain peace on the Northern border and on the Up per Missouri and Yellowstone. . Sitting Bull could not long remain oncBritish soil, because the British Government there had nothing with which to supply the Indians, and the scarcity of the buf falo would make it necessary 'for these roving bands to follow the game to their accustomed grazing ground in United States territory, there would be more or less communication between them and other Indians, and therefore more, 1 or less trouble. The fact is, said Gen eral Crook, the decrease of the buffalo is so ranid that the Indians will soon have to find some other means of sub-, sistence, and this will finally compel them to rely on the Govornment or to commit depredations along the North western frontier. Over 100,000 buffalo have been slaughtered every year du ring the past ten years, and the increase luuTbeen so much less than this that but one result could be looked for in fvit!ihlii extinction. The number of hides sent down the Missouri by traders J has aggregated GO.OOO annually, and 1 very many are killed ior iooo wnosu hides arc comparatively wortldess, and, therefore, they are not included in this estimate. General Crook thought it would be utterly impossible to prevent Sitting Bull fro'm crossing the border into the United States, as there were 500 miles of nnprotccted territory alone. The agency Indians will be in commu nication with Sitting Bull's forces when they come down, which will give the military two classes of Indian to look a(tcr the invaders from the North and those at the several agencies. General Crook left Omaha lately for the Indian Territory on official business on Indian affairs. Sergeant Mary's Death. The body of Mary O'Kccfe, othcr xvisf known as " Senreant Mary," was taken to the Morgue yesterday. Twenty I five years ago, whim livin? witbMt tmronts in the lower part 01 me av. ew "... .. she was engaged to be married. OnWi n;iit. iirn.MMl.ncr the dav arrDolnted tkt thu weddinir. her lover wacoikfibted'6f a robbery and sentenced? to .twenry years1 imprisonment in bing bmg pris on. She then solemnly vowed that she would never marry. Shortly after wards she met a young woman of about her own age, who had also been crossed in love, and they agreed to leave their homes and live together. Man- dis guised herself as a man,- and, represent ing that her friend was her wife en-n-jifrmi rooms in an up-town tenement. Their seclusion was complete, and they lived happily together for a long time, supporting themselves by filling orders which Mary's friend obtained from a neighboring shirt factory. One day Mary was recognized in the street by a former friend, who threat ened to have her arrested unless she returned home. She accordingly laid aside her male attire and went again to her parent ; but when her family called her "Mary the Man" she cut her hair short, donned the uniform and enlisted as a soldier. Her regiment was stationed on one of the islands in the harbor, and she performed her duties without ex citing suspicion, until she was sentenced to ten days' imprisonment in the guard house, for intoxication To a guard she told her secret, and she was afterward known as " Sergeant Mary." The Cap tain of; the company dismissed her, and sho returned to Wew York, and drank so heavily that sue was never off Black well's Island for more than week at at a time. Finally, a permanent posi tion was assigned to her, and she re mained there until the 8th inst., when she was taken sick and sent to Bellevue Hospital, where she died. K. Y. Sun. What it Cst8 to Write Well. Excellence isnotmaturedinaday.and the cost of it is an old story. The be ginning of Plato's "Republic," it is said, was found in an old tablet written over and over in a variety of ways. Addison, we are told, wore out the patience of his printer. Frequently, when nearly a-wholeimpreasiou-of the Spectator was worked off, he would stop the pttMf to insert some newproposition. Lamb's most sportive essays were the reaulrol most intense bram-iaoor; ne useuuro spend a week at a time in elaborating a1 single humorous letter to a'friend. Tea mottinfiiorted tofcave written 'Come Sto gdai, Jf asKl,' more than fifty ytaTcrteMortlfc 'pleased him, and Il- HalLVthe first draught of 'AewhreKwrrWwtiin two days, he- theheUeir:3 art of six weeksfor ..Btektms, when he inteerjed to 1 nurs m aavut uiieiiiuii aau inn- write aThristmas story,-shut hiiueajf up for six"weeksrliving the life of a hermit,' at ounserxout as naggara as murderer:al2a, after HeTthought out thoTeW e of his --A, -X m 9 1 aiMniBasseai ma Ujwailmniiii a "uaiiJw ; iifclToChafti: r. mp f. KtfS?1 - .r, r . -a-m tm -n rxinr a -Wfcn Me :Peo-sa AJ s fn , -V A,,.af " . "mm itt, tha J 5WIK U MMM M( iKlsoTrrighostr; b afterward altered tf( natpawea !nto'the win ,n UiWK a- Slipe en the third time. heprinter.lwcjhree r separate proois oe re the author's leave um couraue - aiBa USK- send the perastoallTJe- written book to press at last to have it done. He was literally the terror of all printers and editors. ar-; - - c-' z. siBaaTa - rc1Krrui6w 11 lIiiaWBiiU ' rk.r. , rigte -4BvMawawaaBBKl tm!mmrtiwm bm iraaBtiiaBiaBiaan Moore thought it quick work if he wrote seventv lines of "Lalla Bookh" in a week. "Junglakc's "Eothen," we are told, wasre-writtea five or six tinier, and wa kept in the authors writing de-sk almost a luug as Wood worth kept the 'White Doe of Ryletoneand kept it like that, to betaken outior ruvJcw and correction almost every day- Butfons "Story of Nature1' cost him live years of labor before he sent it to the printer. He composed it in a singular manner, writing on large sized patfcr in which as in a ledger, five distinct epluniBS were ruleL Jn the first column, he wrote down kis first thought hi the "sec ond he corrected, olargedvanLv pruned. it; and o on unta tut reawieu urn mm column, within which he- finally wrote ,. ,. 1 S... ..a U...H V tne result ox nisjauor. uv ecu mr . t 1 t .... tllH 111 W lie WOU1U composo awnwuro in wu- ty times, and once tievoiea rounwn honru to finding the proper- wordvto ronnd off a period. - John Foster often spent hours; on a single sentence. Ten years elapsed be tween the commencement of Gold smith's line work, the "Traveler," and" its completion. Lc Roehefoucanld enttftocntyears in preparing his lit tle book of maxims, altering some of .them, Segaris ays, thirty tirae9. We all knew how Sheridan polished his wit and finished his jokes;, the same things boinir found on different bits of paper. differently expressed. Kogcrs showd Crabb Kobinsou a note to his "Italy," which he said took; him two weeks to write. It consigsap a very-few lines. Holon Times. Am lnna Institution. From the Pes Moines Leader. 1 The Hawkcyc Insurance Company has filed its annual statement with the Auditor of State, from an examination of which it appears that it did a large and prosperous business in 1877. Its receipts beingmorc than double those of any other Iowa Company. It has added to its net surplus $30,'J81.4G, and haradded to its gross assets 41,-108.8G making its assets on January l, Je, $552,634.01. The report further show only S3, 800.17 of unpaid losses, and these most ly reported in the last days of Decem ber. When it is considered that the losses of the Company are scattered in every part of the State, this small amount shows that the Company keeps its losses ad sted and paid up promptly- The growth and progress of the Hawkeye should be the pride of every man in Iowa. 1 possesses over half a million of assets, which are all invest ed in the State, and'are being now used by our people in developing our re sources. Any man having property to insure should patronize this company. It has shown by 'its past record and present strength that it is managed by men of ability, character and upright ness, and that a strong and reliable in surance company can lie built up and maintained in the west as well as in the east. Peru is not tired of Chinese cheat) la ior. On the contrary, the people like, t, and the government is encouraging Chinese immigration. There arc now 70,000 Chinese in Tern with all the rights and privileges of native citizcnship.and the government has established a lino of steamers to bring more. Large num bers of Chinese, it is said, have become converts to the Catholic religion, and many have intermarried with the. lower claw of whites. A little fellow 6 or G years, old, who bad been wearing'jundershirts much too riMMlB (or'Wm wan nnr day, after hav- lngjDeen wasnew, put, imo ;ig;inueui a much too large for him as the other had been too small. Our 6-year-ohl shrugged his shonldcrs, shool himself, walked around, and linally burst out with: "Ma, I do feel awful lonesome in this shirt." . TU. MARKETS. mm youk. llerf Cattle 9 SfSO -ti- 9 ij Ilojfs LUe ' 'J' J 2S Sheep LI vn .........4 "25 ( Z 1J Klour-OiMMl to Cliulce :. 325 ft fl B) Wheat No. Iil ...... -4 1 3U) Cora Wentem mixed.. T o.it Western . ( Huttcr.. .... ................. .... INirlt New Men "w '& ' CHICAf JO. ,-,,- Bceveii Choice 5 K Hos a u v3m) Slier rv-Oool to Choice 3 .1 team Huttcr Cliolcu to Yelluw '& ) Kcjr B m e i i'lour Winter SCO WSjj SprlnjfKxtm.... ...... ........ Wlieat SprlnR No. 2 1 UGft 1 Wj Corn No. 2.... ........ ............. fl " So OatR No. 2. ......................... ...... ft lty No. 2... . ........ ............. w Iork Mew, Xew .. J? 9 BT. LOUIS. Beef CftUIe Fair to Choice 4 01 4 50 Hops. -" " Kltur Fall XX 4 55 ft ??f "Wheat No. 3 Rod W W ComNo. 2.. rlfr ; Oats........ . .... w w Jol Ityo No. 1.. ................ t. t SS' rork Mc8...v.t -uin - CINCINNATI. . r - Flour ............ " " "Wheat Krd 1 14 I 1 22 Corn ... . ..? v ? Oats. . .. w Harlcy...... .- 5u v w Tty6......... ... ....... w Pork........ ... w h Xard. """j"'". s. ,V " MILWAUKEE. ' Flour.... ...... '- ,4 Wheat No. 2. 2 Corn....... .... .... narleyNo. 2. . ?i5 Kyo No. 2. ....-.. w mt DES MOINES. fMA--f Floi"Whoesa2e ? 5 f ? Wheat New.,... ....................... W ! Corn..... ... ... Oats... ....... w jjj 3aiIeT.... ...... Ttyc., . -, - ? KfTJTS.. ..... Sr Butter. tM"Mii .. ii J jiOJTV. ..... ... V..... .. j . 3 W 3 JKb Cattle..... . 1 s 4 iv Tke AMteceiesits riHestse. - Among tke aatecdeats of aWise are inert ness in the circulation of tbe blood, nHatsr ally attenuated condition of the pfcyslqae,Jn dicatrag that the life carrent Isjfaadent in BtriT properties, a wan, lutjgplooik,-ln-abnTty to digest the food,.loe8 ofappethesleep nd strength, and, a. senaatioa sCnanataralkar tnwur." -al tMae. aur .be TaJraraWd as aaaoaz ('the ld1cIaV'apwoacbJny dieeaaa, which wifl rrKaily-.atmcK ue an nemvana overwae a it,' If ids not built up aa&fotHfiedlft adranee.' InTicorate, thenwit-o-t loaa of rtmf,-"iaMng choice of the greatest vitalisiasrafeaht extant. -Hoetettet flfaisfb Bitters, an elixir which. I haeiven"huthrad. Tlgor to myrtadao.the. Bickand-debilltateaV which i avouchaAJb phyrafinss' aS iaatjats to be pure as wella. conntiT? -and- extetarral v "'-sed atwoaViriuki .which ws baealar years pact one of the lead ing medicinal staples or MMmv c- zjr -u- ii.. ; ' ,1' gl3 y aad toltli wlthQnIrk, IpJjftxtMlom remedv. It only eorts X eeataaiiif a14 I.dru- i, mS2m.r?r Si'mmVimmt a"". ''-" - C J aa-arett lssasws-r-siave. rTCa'rters Comaoo4SKtraat otSaMrt us-uboscacet id. Acute welaflectioa," and also i fonnfl!-n uilsliialT sknott ispsciric Ib'IIkm case fij:s '&&;&- RjCUwrr Mea. as MarneatM: wkaMve u?ed uncle Sam's Harness Oil, will ' ovr nu anr rtthpr it is thatchat ai on ; eXaMacaliiike inrkeu:JC rtaeivcdUuT luanestwaraatiuc cemenmai incpo? in "oi, ISJri Tor kjIoV all tlrifclasi fea-BMH?sab liearaesv.: c j c KlMwiMatiff-a iclcltirei: lD lining's Itheumatic Rernetly," tke israat INTER at. Meiucixe, will poaitivalf cmnrjauj case ijaMlinausni on uie uce.oCUaec nil. Price $1 a bottle, six bottles, ?5.SoiaTrr"alI I &S,tlT, Druggists, Washington. D. C. SoM fcend lor circular to neipaenstine 1 wholesale in Burlington and Dec Moines. IIEI.JIBai.tV III till. - HclmbyM Racial ) kwsr Wrn Yh6rn i on of the rtvt rilnilir. modJtc tuaat&e In certain rlae of li-x.. ach x Jrj;-ri,-rhn?ic riKflnutia. drjv-r. reuiws t f cctiocu juuI fvfvctallr i!-tVjo o! the srt trT onpuic A x rtlnreUc, I: U Bfri.ir ul mo?t anr other nwlfdne tn g and the crral re with wWrh t 1 nrpdml, the affair parilf vt ti fKptnUfra, and the ?!?rTM uai in tix f-tU)0 f tle rrstSe atrial. fcaVf roa!- ttnJt ir tkl l.le a a trlUWo anJ rffrctlre jmarailont au2uc &Vcn aj--ay be ttcl Uh Mva'lt-X'2t.rVSTr-si uraf ot HckeJ-iia Bryhn h 1I to thr prfluctUrfi i mojr frVM prrprXJ. which arc taxile cL&ifl ai piaoed upoa the rnarkrtto t -iA on the rtpatXk ct uirol br Hftenboi IV orkinal jxrroration fartlo who ierirv a rrallf el medicine iouM t-c cartful and utc llciml IU' cijr. . TCoue reliuiac uuk In Url-riiraTc! "hUe wraDren aud mr rntirrure umn af!'rri llWW UFUKE-. I H. W 1 ....- f .I Pwa. all ...MM..i " 1 r .. ... . ... ItfUT ! MtT I ..JA .. . 1 '... '. ... 1 f - mmMoI det. M toU lvOi m .... .. tTaladcJpola, t- A llacl- U A t aaiUy circle Urrvftol a aUV and tuotlu.r oou become cltrtrk-!jae!. The Lut boud Qh aiidnwin the Hrr-lniipnJtJt. whn the 4achu?r vr p In rilene. Hh unfml for awvtfex with knit ricr, headache, ulerl:;e brukritis leuciWrluM, jvila and .-u&c,!-piUtiuu, &Ct until hrr whole frauiv Ivcaiuc affected, ami final. y mental and thvtral jm tratfrrfj Miwrretied aud death mfeved Kr of all trouble. 1 the bad only urd Kndih Fe male JiiUcra all tbeabure'rotujiUiuu wouM liate been cured, and lite ntored to the ojwn arms and affection of her family All xho are than afflicted arc ennltillr InrltAd to call upon L. II. Bush, at Dcs Moines, and gala p&rta-u-Lira. Mriuc u tour.i.K. Amonffthc mt Inter-C5tlnjrfe-iturei nf Kcnkuk Uber.Meilk-alM:hxl organized iu 1M'.'. and fur uianT'ar thv Med ical derirtinetil if the State Culverltv. Her clav. now number tziTt ntuilenU renreVentlng nearly half the State- of the I'ldon. Ttie !ntf tution Is now flourihinc and !-r!f-"Utalnir, and vettnc prke ehanml tlie student l- nn more than the fctate LTnIverMty, where In addi tion to what the etudent hinuelf ia', the tax jaeruf our State are jtavfuj for the cdnea tlo'n of these. ynuu ton of E-eulanlaa not le than flMfor each and every one who attend tliere. Thl. is a mattU'r whhh o think de mandft thu ean-ful eon-ideratiun of our Ici.-I.i-tora the present elnn. Havr we any more riirht to edui ate our doctor than we hare our mechanics t For a gootl hreakfa.t nr ten you often hare to make roll.-s biscuit and Midi delieacJec, In about ten minute. It's ea-y and certain with. DooMtr's Ykvst Powheh, the txtofthem all. Troubled hon;wife, here lsoneeaueof your unnoHncea v ept au ay like umtfe. Full weight and the best material are the watvh word of the manufacturer. I)u. Wi.wiini.i.'.s Trirrniso Stkui' U a afe and Sure Hemedv for lJi rru'a, D8eutery and Chlldreiih' Comjlaintit cenorally. Tt lmuld le in even- !iouo where there are children. Moth ers give il a trial. Poverty and SMWVrl j?. "I wa drasired down with debt, poverty and Milferimr for ears, canned hy a sick family and larce Mils fur ihHtorinjj, which did them u t;ood. I was completely discouraged until one tear ago. by the adtiev of my patnr, I procur ed Hop Bltpr and eommeneeil their hm, and tn one monui we were au wen, ami none oi ua have been nick a day eince, and! want toKay to all poor nien,you can keep your families Men a voir with Hop Bitter forle.M than one doc- tor's vlIt will c-OPt -I Kiimv it A. WoKKINCiMJLN." Fn'e! 1lnnr' lonr a jplendltllfl pae familv literary Jiiijier, full of Choice SUh rles Sketches PiH-'trv. ete.. M-nt three months ith a pair of Iteautiful OxS Chrutnot, worthy to adorn the walN of any home, Free to atw one tulin 15 cents (-tainps taken) to pay mailhm xpen-e. TlicpnblUliers, .1. 1.. I'.ttU'n A Co., Vl AVilllant St., X. T., fianintoo every oni ilonhle value of money sent- 1500 n pri7i,nn(l Msipay iveii to agents. ArareehuiieetOHiaku IIIOUC. J)R. WlSlTAUT'S 1'IVK TltKB TAB COKOIAL po-ltively cntES cotiPumptlon. Taken In time it will prevent it. All allcctions of the luntr arc cured by tlii Fovereipi lUituedy, v hidi alo fradleate "lvpppia, and kindred diVeascs. Sold hv druu'sH-t-. Depot. 910 Filbert Slrcet, Philadelphia. - io i.aiy SkoiiM think of permitting her hair to fall out at each cotnhiug, when a remedy M jvitcntantT fo pleasant t ciiecK iv. -ran ne so eawir nan. Semi for Ur. Smith'sllair Kc-toratlve, andvou -will I dellchted with itJ truly wonderful ef fects. .No suyaroi lead, no milpnttr. is a nice dre.-plniT, nlM: and if disposed to become hald. it will cause a irrouth of new hair. Fold every where., or addrc-s .T. 1. Dromgoolc A: Co., Louisville, Ky. Three bottles for S2.W). Send to L. TI. Rash, Dc. Moines. llrondiitlsls an Irritation of the lining mein- liranes of the bronchial tube, lish ltcmedy cures it. Tlic Great En"- Thffrlfcnlfli IYc1m Rosiiruc tion. Many a child I left to droop anil pitmn-ay from nVelcet of proper medicine or altrihatiul; the ailment to a mintakeii catin. Try Layer Worm Killer. A fw doM- will cleaiiM? and purify thti sjbtem ami recnlate the boweLscon vcrtlnir the pale, wan sufferer Into a happy awl hitdthv, bTlchtnud cheerful child. Don't le put off with poor, worthies worm candies but fee that von ask for and obtain Lvrock' Worm Killer, gold hv all medicine dealers. Tax rapidly incxea'dm; demand for Ellert'n Extract of Tar and "Wild Cburry, Isa positive Judication of itg merits; thousands of Indivld nals who have been cured of couirhr colda. bronchitis and incipient Consumption, where other remedies have failed, are the bct prixjfa powlble that thi I without doubt the befit couyh remedv vet discovered. Your Cntpl4-in t-s well, a your temi)cr is rundereil miserable by a disonlcred Liver. Improve both by taking Carter's Little Liver 01s. A. t r . -tlnw to make It. ikiinetLUiKcew fr Agenu. COg.TfOXOg,PO.t. LowKMw. 20 -t paW. 1 1. KKI ACQ. X. GUIS. 'K ktk. GKE.IT KKl.rittbtir 'MTKXOtT aruai UPB FKM.- Seven Sbot Kerotvrr HOWS tc BOX. 13 & IX V,t. bCThtUtntrith. l'. IK1 UUf Cn-ltntK)x ofcartrtdsci. JAMES CHfWell Aiigcr, Iteck DH1U and Drtntajr M RCW clitnr. .Tntr,8t Send lor lUnKratcU CaU Iojt ue. BUTSFOKB A CO.. 8t. LonU. Mo. lert tn th Wor!l. Trial vrlr it- f e. T. Phm-i Ac . WS. h St.. Itiflaaclphla. I'a. WANT Pfl "A1XMIEJI tor whl ! k . t U b nl utaf f lint Xfn p-d. AU Ma-fcCoboi OW.CincUstl.Oino AWIUKS, TEITS. r ,rArrATan l Rlmi. Window Hhailf . Ar.. vririTABAKEK, ! Heath H pUUacstK., Chicago. Send for Illmtratfd prlcelW. Tic Compenii Oireen Treanncl rine the lck.br r-Titaaa tae :.afe, p -tanent.T- R- Annnr. sr KIiy, aore iv iinci ii mw p !.. i i i4 n u I 1 fai d SfTAl mxrr At p.vi.e.v 1112Glrnl St.rhtl.r' TRIAS a ail srneml information rere tiy I the Texas Lad ndJaoBicrxt imn Co. f St. LouKMorTheoxLT Land Co. In darwd br the Htatr fTtx. Ad- d .F. H. WOOBWOStTM.SfC Si. LouU.il o. PERFECT Oj-t PgyCTKO SUTTEW thotzstrxS of the bo dairymen. -i--.' ( SmBBMm J"" K SDVW W3 -p ' Rl I I f 'it.'ir3BtRWbn! W-l B-Hbj Critort 1 z.w . J a L tWWITIIfcTctlUlJRts MORGAN S 11 &riawi4iriUeSii rairwtd Tire TaravTj T.JrtA3r'-:-tieE. J TWW BUOTREH v i."-t J ".i l!lL.h"rj'il2tSlCn5 UV w" (liwic.i - i . . Ithoaa ad. .frondeoea.! lordrrar x SHIPS. . -JawLI v .Wifrnr -ntMw TQ V r SAl,1 !KJK9 15.81 13,1U 14X8, li,.0V ?? tfi fcL -' v nu;&cSa ip,voWf' " U.40J; 17.937 .sbi , M YictBrsemnffMjicliineCo sold ii.wi '" :"rrr r''r v"fJ . . . " BBVaBlaBBaaBkaBVaaBVBBaBV - - UMBPaOC JTt ar I lapaVaa ef taaa.;Ha.?i atetriaMto aBJaaS nrrsatcd mc armlr for tac atxrrc rfiwain It ha rcrrbo a attf. ScMtoW. ms. ovaas waso unit,- . . . ?- I- W"l .1 . ..- 4 -. t tml rwi.i . C2jrr ctfrwTfcc Toilscr . kMtr oijLkiwr ATCHLEtt ! rtc-r rt.t Trwn.atv Ol L- l.tl, A K fmr MiTaKKwTni.ii. SAW MHi FM TK PEOPLE. I ' ... ,- .. --- I mm i.J. mm mm w i. j - -- ,mvi t f .- V.. r T TMlUiul 1IMIM'"N .1 !. -mm--. nOUXAKUSt. CMMMUAIAnua. BABBITT'S TOILET SOAP! t'.f TciS-t mC '" nfrJIat A' BSVSt tt MmW it.tria Till: womi), urny : ir- - rvriUi rcrt MwUcr itl U f it! O-M'fck'iM- rlL t I Kill K lin "f" f i' 9 A.Vlrr. U. T HAMH1TT. N vt- Ul-tmT-Ytr&n3rr ti n-.inr'tu . w The Parker Gun. Tfce IleU mm Ml rplr Ja Milr. prSwlSrrr5Cliinll PABKER BROS. u MrrUc. Corn Shelters CORN MILLS VvrTIn4cr P.rr Oyer 15,000 in Use' Ouarnl-d thr tt in fhtr. f jr l!i- u rj .a tbe mr U SheUm.t3CiUs.Si: hrrj tunncr awuia ti-jjeimr lit ucvr.; l.lVI.VIiHTOXA:t) .Inm r .'iuA't- 1 "' .r? Tlilct rUck tn the marka for UicHettnirtloB ninTitnirti. Illta'd -FOR WALK BY ALL llKi:tiIWT VAlMIAlll: TttUTHJ. I If run renlTfrinij fruOT txwr heUli. or UDxuuu nB' ob a lied of lckn m, takr ehrrr. for Hep Rlttrf m III 're Tom. If tou mt lmPlr ninc. If rr f 'cl n'l HPl' tt rd, wtthuut clcarlji kuowiii wltlt Hop mtiem will Revive !' If you arc mlnUter. and hare o tTtutd ronri I (( vnur nuctrAl ilutlr. ur a HIUWIT. ga urn I - .. "Ij l wltli care or worn. Hop Hilton ill Kca4r? . .... .. . .11 n i.f lm. (in ii v eatcmiMl Lir tin .tminirfmnrrrmitir ilntl-t or a man of lcttT, ItolllBcoTc rr"ir Dildnlslit wort. LlIepllHSerwwIHJrcaiK'M-" H If you arts j(rt!ir.nil aiirrrrlnffTnTn ariT iru r tion, orarcKTOwlnitooIat, MlaofunUic ran-. Hop lllf f cm w I" IClIv- TfrrKi arlntlie workliop. on th fanti. at th Lir.v i.nruhrr. ami tvl lliat rotir iyrni na rl...nln- totl!tliCfr l BlatlM. f itttwWt lataxl catlns. Hop 1liilm l what Vnt !Veri. If yoa ro ld. m4 yonr rula U fehl'. yu nrrvitiiu-iidr. and rourfaculitet wanlns. Hop Hitter will lTr Vo Jfew uicaaw -. Try Hot Con. Core aid Paia RtHief. MBBJ( BH1GT0H MWK AMD HAWKEYE IAP FOR $2.00. THKlIAlTKnT.Uim "nnmr,tvthnozhmit h Ti t il Biat th ma Bur offer r wx-rnof puMUUtU.ua ac count of lu ordinal rl tlmrjj- linmor A han(lflTrir I Ma-f Iowa. llilnoU..Murt audpartauf WU coanln, .S'cbrala. and Kanw. 7r. tnrtr. rolorrfl In countlrt. mounted on rul.tr" and lar&latird. U ftli-n to each whrftxT 'for 1 at . Or ln1 UrKt-atweatofChlcacu. Large comUtootJrfeni. 25 jirr crnt. h . . v UEAII the-rat comMnatton offr . o:oa which wc niaie to little we en iffrr no coi!lt BuTliiflu Haw tcye - $2.00 AKD THE PKA1BIE FAinilK - - - i. ano th?: HAWKEYE MAI - - - l.M All fcr SJg. !. A'U THIS Burlington Hawkeye - $2.90 HARPER! WeeklTorMonthlT - 4.f I1AWKEYE31AP -- - - ! tMI4. AND THIS Barlifiilti Hawkeys .- - aLXlJRJ.SX. HAWkllYE SUP . -. tpmA. AiMi mp3 ml.. ' wf Hawkeye Mtoi n; -B- .L-rt- 1Sf5 r ?. -irrS r ,'. tn V - mrwmvmwm . " "m Avilaon Sevincr"XT!tTirn CfT soli! H6renc&Sewiair JfacHine Co .sold ,, Tf.av t-ww "- fS -. . artJm. tr.Asiam HslBiBisiiis-iiiBiii blll !?. 0 XBa esm& 19B MU JEf9HiiT-u Kwi HKflBw i . HIJJUa h h BV h ni HHillLHHl n m rmmtmwim i w. . bj BSSSSSmSSBflBSSSSrSS BSSSbbVSjB BklP'-f rrH iraaiosi7icex-uL TsSIerBan'r'r u "li 7aH z3st4i -tlr:, yi-,? v -, i - msmtfjm TOtSi?SSSfife co HS jS.l iao, . 927 icawo Hw , '-YEAST. DomesUcSewinSRJCofgo!, 49't 40,114V .70Q &21.452 .57 ljtrtsrisTHTarT!resMatraMa4Bsr !sut-aliJtkr?e9liyii- 5aitocrilai4jBtlUBtBeBite farUieidaiwcalHieiTluwreMlarsc Bware af Hpw ajreaU. Tfce ! aaf lrizMl airtnit cak Be CaBl la everr eaSil. TBE SB UHAIMN6 CO., Ul Slfcl, -") turn 4 pmtt. ! f mmimi aA .St OKps -- t j " . . i1;ti V- . e.r..l t-tl t -. la fc- .J "dm tmf . - PURELY VECETABLC, t.i k r . .,. tr-i1- Ui t tmv ux )ws mff tt mtn - fw4 W) Ik, ,,.. t m( Ilk Mr d It M. 7-rttT H 4,mi i,i- MtvatAk t -a 4 V f IN ! " t 4 t M-, - . t t fc.fM- t.f - IwWitll,, lcO i v -. wf fci mm, ! rrt r v; Dkl'll A-- r - imI v . ... tmrnt 4tm U jm-t tl . K vttn :.,, Arvt rT ! .t Cfe. n l b 4.iift k. ! M t Ltirr lira- t.i i.-l k-w ii ' . tt trtttyaUlMM T9tm hoi 1- 11'a UiMim . .V wl.t T t mw rW l " T ! !- r. tr "V- ORTON 4 SADLER'S '.k? I W.W . li ' Hlmii T" " in. V . .iitlJ tvf -l. , BTortl . MHrftMll. i op f M . rr.- .' V.U T. it f" T. ft KtllltU t N 4V-H1 Uu.t. r-sii4to jc1 GOOD SEEDS. lpt . vi r G-- Ib'tr l Ulu -lrI ri&. f -('- flyJi(i tut u lu. Dr.McAFFEE.t-i" H'lnr SrlMl UllUt M,wm ?1ul' WA f-ttr- la ll.e k Sr ). t -- I iktr.'Htmjtt.TUrftml rthj trm Krr.irtof Y - A 4 jf Msol. u-ff tr.ft f t 'r J rj, tlAA.Mtfttt iorrfMiit:in .k i IIW rrt M t- rnr t . illu.) r . 4l .ifnt:a- rtfr4ii c .uMUe l T i? i- - l j i rriu lj-wt t m r.Ji.n i . in GOLD AgrU. t. it. '".VV WATCH .lCHlii Sip it. '".S,M. S I Jk-rM ti-K-w. Use Lnyties1 HoiDiEopattac Conuli Syrap. rorCoaxl s r .( tr - ' . 1 Ir'rt.rt. II ,' n. t.'Ml 11 1 ' rr .. l M -J riTn. f ir lh Uil I r y" " W t I'lir-'l ' !' lb ' m . I l. A.' 4rdruvalMfv j-r !( hn i-tr tHilr h rl- ir i it. imu r atrrHi, r W I;. r OnMur r . M .l.irlll.l'" "fMfM c -ltr i r raa KNOW tm "Mia for trl-l, I'fVw ' . HulrniL dilxr nil. f B.UIt la t'ti f i f . I ? rH r of b frt-V I. M M 1 alaatdtil fHrtilti f 1 hf IkafuH llrra.il . ! ur I U . T'i r imfarixf J. '" Ii " r i r. t t r, t wjrk nl"J ' r r MEAL IU ir n I a ' i rrn'II.Ir ,(5rvl. U 12.' P.tKkr.M, N-s tl' M Il ' in, u MiliStomandMillFurilthlH FMttry GRIST MILLS ni n BURR STOME. I . .! , I t I" )r'rM' f rfn ri. uv j: It! !, 1'rtt fr inrtiuM mi H'rtr M .1 Bt "lr. r. A tHjr r tn rM4 ! Wrj I" rd ' A Ujl-d li mir l'rt of l MilVKr.M.ll( MUX A 'O .lndliaxHitOn4. KtalHIlnl 111. E nut it ntVcT" -'- MioMri a'i Uflllrrlld 11 In.vtMttntt tmU.mm I hr, nl : r '" Irrr.-,l y njr l- r u Oiau i. Ii la Irlrn tv In Ot UI(o Nr d rt e uwuriuiKiKir 3. ft dlrlr.'r.r tti? mtlt.4 Ih1M' tlvfatMrurir. I If nrtiuitr fntif Matati urrrM fn art) nf iff pr fr !) a. It nni votinf tarn aid rains vuuku Uioduun rmolovmrnt. a rr;)rt. al ! rr ti: tuilr Iran aijr -,r t r fr! . . The t rni)5ll'. t-e C r h"d nf IrJ rrpMf Totrr. w'll r n r 'jj rr nnnjr lhnuaadnf mruulitr rllr a -tmrnrmt . Ml tlT tnar kerp !' "i "' nr !rlrumrnt Aairrlntn If ! rPiaaji Kfnwtf I tM feM It wilt- rrit. wltl ru ianTit'11 a IS Hi" art C .fij- H-k k". X'i ao (wtdm , an t K tt.'U, Ad ircaa tba aalrV. C llXtil.KlT. Tm OfBc. nnrtnri Old .XaaUfHIl WAT ll'. Folt T ' arr ! I Ainrfltau l,ntutat imt ln"o1fr f'."j 'kr fta inak'.- mutt inert and itar M Tb CaaclalJCttrfi) n tlrr M!;lllln(lf raft fffr rarlnO&u'iirorIItlr , W JI art-d wtt moTrrr.rrt nl ral In.fwt'; n. In finalntf on TlHl III' . I, MMfft tt Ins order, and W arjJ fnr n jrr,S f til hi Haled to -rT el tlm f"r rr. art ! S Voaa Wt t . tm. narAHKK, (irtx-ra Asm' Xr, North rt"f' Kl" M t-', M GlUEFENBERG VEGETI8 PILLS Have b ksawa far aver Thirty Y aai are ackaWwUlfe ay wlw M a4 tlwta to ko a ccrtaia r HZADACtIS, LI7XU COMTUfif1; DISEASES OT DIGEITIOrf . DILSODf miss. a4 rwTXKS or aza niXI act wtB rrwit will reatero aeaitfe to taaaa awl iar rVa-i IfCBAtV DflBBUTT XfXBTODSMXSJ. Frica, 96c ymt (.RAEFKXBKsU LO. it Kc4t M, X. Zlltutrstcd UarnaflGtiUS.S'Basaii,a'Ji and gilt btndin?, V) ccnU; aosM ta ficr caTera, 25 cU. 3Inbool, 10 ernta ; roraan beod, 10 ccnU ; lisiiljct, 1 fttiU-iniwly M !cd, bj nwiL Bzad taotxf or potUn ttaaapa. int. Wwrrrrrs. tli rcat -jKvclttjt, 27 St Cbrla Mtwrt. C tuH. Win. ? r Vsrrtaa Ottbi aJ kr . j. Vj rwlBrUMa4 T f aJJ i iinu Mlt 4rlar tK i.mtrf'rrt -A Vr f I. fetaJ feyi tailln "M1 rri jwtiZry 4 !" U tM aw at tra.a Sjii mUn mr - 4 a tr t. tt Li. 1M MARRIAGE ! rcrtl -! 'U4 ! Vm rVifta-l t? irfl a t. i'B'j. jhratwr 7 &j m O. eoaM laa. Ml H. Mra. . X. 1 r UtBM - , . rew. ii,.:virrggrin7jiBar "&. ta Atfvrrtt Si- -ir M . - - . - . ' 0"" i- FiT- 1 ttTsT rlQ-. 2 6C6 1.247 lTio,. - 4 M ret'a 15,733 8,950 JU -. 4,2 2, salsm aaatsar iMpiili TiBeaBB f Ue JSXJ. . - THYKM ruvviii u J. TfflhTSaf sraBBB- rwafek t aau m m SEGRET8 4rk a , m m - avrm S1JA aAT BB . aBSBB SBi -. I .