EasnanraaesHiaHian
gmnmBvam
Smnll Fanning and Co.oporntlon.
Tlio tendency of tlio present phrno in
agriculture Is toward tlio working of
larger tracts of liiinl under onu business
management. This must prove prolita
blo when directed by grout business
talent. A single capable mind direct
ing the working energy of 11 thousand
men, will accomplish much more tlnui
those thomand men working each on
his own planning. The business talent
is not distributed in emial portion to
nil, and when many willing hands are
movod under one export, they will bo
come a unit of tremendous force.
Hoimnza funning commands all tlio
labor-saving maeliinery for each spe
cific operation, and can use it with the
greatest economy, since tlio profit in the
use 01 maeliinery uopenus upon inu
amount of work to bo performed. A
mowing machine will do as much, and
better work than eight men; but if there
bo only one or two days' work to bo
done with it in a year, then the interest
on its cost would hire tlio labor done,
and it becomes unprofitable. The small
farms are, therefore, at a disadvantage
in tho use of machinery, and. for this
reason, arc sold to tho largor proprie
tors, while the mall, independent
farmers aro becoming relatively fewer
year by year. The result is not favor
able to education or tlio advancement in
civilization of this class. Largo farms
lesson tho population on a given area of
land, and, therefore, render it more dif
ficult to maintain mjIiouIs. lint this is
only a part of the injury inflicted upon
the population. Instead of boingmadeun
of independent proprietors, with a small
class ol temporary laborers, tlio popu
lation consists of a few proprietors and
u much larger class of permanently de
pendent laborers.
The aggregation of small farms into
largo ones Is to be deplored, and the
olloctlvo moans to prevent this result is
an intelligent co-operation among small
farmers in the purchase of such labor
saving implements anil machines as
aro necessary to perform every
agricultural operation most economi
cally. If a farmer of -100 or fiOO aero
can allbrd to purolin.se machines that
cheapen farm labor, then eight farmers
of GO acres, or five farmers of (), and
two of 75 acres, or an aggregate of -100
acres, made up of any-sicu farms, can
nuito as well afl'ord to use in common
these machines. These farms should bo
contiguous, and nearly in a square body,
ho as to lessen tho distance of travel.
When this is tlio case, the machines
cost no more per hundred acres; and as
each farmer takes a share in proportion
to his acreage to lie worked, ho is placed
upon an equality with the most favored
largo farmers, and can compote witli
thorn in tlio production of tho same
crops. These small farms usually fur
nish ample labor to occupy tho owner
and his family, and with the aid of tho
co-operation hero mentioned ho might,
having a little active zeal in his occu
pation, reach a much higher proportion
al nrodnetlou than the liiriru farmer.
Let us suppose that the expensive ag
ricultural machines required to work
400 acres will cost 81,000; this would
make tho share of a fifty-acre farm
$125 a sum that any well-worked farm
of that size could well afl'ord. It may
bo object cd that six or eight farmers
could not profitably uso tho same set of
machines; but this would scorn to bo
groundless, as one sot of implements
would work all thoso farms in one.
If all thosb small farms woro well
worked, thoso farm machines would
porhaps do rather more service, and
this would only add to their profit. It
would not often occur that more than
one of these farmers would want to uso
tho grain drill on the same day, and ten
to fifteen days would usually be sutli
cient to sow tho grain on thorn all. Tho
meadows could all bo cut with ono
mowing machine, or, if not, two of thoso
could bo purchased. A reaper will
easily cut lfiO acres of grain, and thoro
would seldom bo more. Tho horso
power, feed cutter, and threshor would
make light work of it all. In short,
there could bo no practical dilliculty in
working out this co-operativo problem
with any well-directed effort.
It would unquestionably improve tlio
social relations of a neighborhood, which
is sometimes much needed. Fanuors
need more business contact with eacli
other, and this might lead them to wider
co-operation- to unions to secure more
uniform prices for tlioir products. If
small farms aro to hold their position,
it must bo done by some such co-operation
as wo have described. Aggrega
tion into largo farms is a stop in tlio
wrong direction it is a political and
socialblunder. Division, not addition,
should bo tho rulo for landed property
in this country. National Live Slock
Journal.
rcrrdstent Effort Needed on the Farm.
Tho results como far short of moot
ing tho requirements of this age, if a
farmer is satisfied witli cattle stock
that is fairly good, tho cows yielding
six or seven pounds of butter a week,
and tho steers growing up to fair size,
and getting tolerably fat on what passes
for good farm keep at four years old.
Farmers, in these days, are, figuratively
speaking, squeezed between two mill
stonos. Tlioir taxes, direct and indi
rect, as compared to tlio period wlion
tho presout farmers of fifty and over be
gan tlioir farming, are largely Increased.
Wo have no simplicity hi ollicial sta
tions nowadays. Love of country, and
desire to servo our follow man, have
given place to greed aftor ollico, largely
for tho sako of tlio pay it affords. Con
siderations that formerly insured econ
omy in public expenditures, and con
sequently low taxes, cut no figure in
thoso days, hence nearly everything
tho farmer buys for his own consump
tion is taxed heavily, or is shoddy, or
tho two are combined.
Hence cows that will make six or sev
en pounds of butler a week, and stcora
that, at four years, will weigli twolvo
hundred, and sell at a low Jlgure per
hundred, cannot bo relied on to meet
tho expenditures of the average farm
er's family of this day. Tho farm that
lias increased in valuo from fifteen
to forty dollars an acre, is put to a
very poor uso when devoted to grow
ing the grade of stock which
prevailed on the fifteen-dollar land.
J'lion tlio opportunities for improvement
wore very widely scattered. Tho mass
of fanners were so situated that it re
quired a journey of from ono hundred to
sevoral hundred miles to procure a
well-bred bull calf. Thus, the remote
ness of supply anil the then meagre in
come, cut oil' facilities for improvement,
and farmers were more excusable for
kuepinir tho only kind that they had
opnoitunities to procure.
Hut now tho circumstances are en
tirely different. Well-bred stock of
every kind, like tho locomotive, lias
found its way to tho very base of the
mountains of Colorado and New Mexi
co, is seeking aces to the valleys be
yond, and is scattered over all the
country this side. So thoro is no ol
staolo in tlio way of our farm slock be
coming rapidly re-invigorated, taking
on the higli-pricod, early-maturing
form in place of that of the tardy grow
ers, too common oven in our day. i et,
improvement in farm stock, outside of
tho swino herd, is a tiling oi slow
growth. This is demonstrated every
day at any principal stock market in
the country. Lhrouirh the verv meiiirer
showing of good ijoiisLh on sale. For
proof oTlhis, sco how small a propor
tion of six-cent eattlo aro offered, and
how extended the list of sales at half,
or a fraction over half this figure.
The consumers in tlio country at
large, even much tho largest portion of
those who live in the principal Western
cities, oat very indilforont beef and
mutton, because they cannot procuro
bettor grades. 15y the time tlio
usual culling has taken place, tho
best being selected for shipment to
Eastern cities and to Europe, a large
proportion of all thoolforings remaining
aro what are termed "butcher's and
eanner's stock" low-down grades at
best. Tho canners go upon tho propo
sition that anything that is beef, even if
from an old, worn-out bull, or a super
annuated cow, too old to fatten well,
will boil tolerably tender if the process
is long enough continued, and will sell
to the class of porsons who are expected
to eat this kind of leathery, insipid
meat. With all the avenues that aro
now oiienod for improvement, coupled
with tlio fact that our farmers aro now
quite ready to concede tho necessity of
pushing our grades of stock up to n
higher standard, for tho reasons given
above, tho native eattlo still .Jar out
number the better kinds; and ignoble
blood is so fixed in tlio scrub boast, that
to eradicate this requires a great deal
of patience and perseverance National
Live Slock Journal.
Hanging for Six Hours.
A Mexican by tho name of Sonobio
Martinez, was brought to this city from
tlio Medina, in Hoxar County, who had
a thrilling tale of terror to toll, rivaling
somo of the desperate acts of the Hoxar
County Vigilant Committee in its palm
iest days, when Mexican horse-thieves
might no seen hanging from the limbs
of adjacent trees on almost any day in
tho week. During thoso times, too,
several well-known gentlemen were
oven accused of going to church on
Sunday with liangman's ropes in their
pockets. Ho lives on tlio Medina, and
lor a long tinio past lias incurred tho
displeasure of his neighbors from tlio
fact that Sonobio has neon suspected of
appropriating other people's horsoliosh
to ids own uso and disposing of tlio same
for private gain.
On Tuesday night a mob of unknown
men went to the house of Martinez,
took him away, and hung him up to a
tree, leaving him shortly after for dead.
Tho mob, however, neglected to tio tlio
man s nanus ochiml Ins hack, and l
(I ly
with
holding the rope around his neck
both hands for six hours, ho succeeded
in saving his life and was cut down tlio
next day by friends. The poor fellow
cannot tell who tho parties woro who
committed the outrageous act, nor how
many there wore in tlio gang. Ho only
knows that lie went through tho hor
rors of death, anil is still much bruised
about tho face and neck. San Antonio
JCxjre.ss,
Captain A. II. Hogardus, tho noted
dead shot, who with his son accompa
nies a circus, suffered a bad wound at
Amsterdam, N. Y., tho other day, dur
ing tho circus performance. His live-
yoar-otu son, Henry, was snooting glass
balls from his father's fingers. Tho
weather was cold and damp, and the
child's lingers woro benumbed. In
raising the rifle ho accidentally pressed
tho trigger before taking sure aim. Tho
M2-callbor ball struck Captain Hogardus
in the lower loft thumb joint close to tho
hand, smashing tlio bono in a fearful
manner, but nevertheless ho wont on
with tlio shooting as usual, and then
hiimmonod a surgeon.
In 18G2 Mr. Pratt removed from
Harrisburg to Louisville. In 18G5 his
wife left him anil returned to her par
ents. In six weeks ho learned of her
death with that of her week old infant.
Last week, while on a visit to Harris
burg, Mr. Pratt found Ids daughter, sev
enteen years of ago, whom lie had never
seen and had always supposed was
dead. Tho father and daughter woro
greatly ploasod over tho discovery, and
sue returned witli him to his Louisvillo
homo. Detroit Free Press.
A ton-story apartment houso is
going up on a fashionable Now York
uvonuo.
PACTS AND FIGURES.
Boiler explosions last year, in
country, caused tho death of 250
eons, and !J28 were injured.
this
por-
Dr. Norman Kerr, of London, re
cently estimated the annual mortality
caused, directly and indirectly, from
drinking, at 120,000.
Hiram Sibley, the wealthy seeds
man of Rochester, N. Y., has sent s?5,
000 worth of seeds to tlio sufferers by
tho Mississippi Hoods.
A well known journalist died ro
cently at Now York. His effects woro
told at auction to pay funeral expenses,
tnd brought, nine dollars and sixty
three cenLs. Ar. Y. Graphic.
It is the opinion of tho rctrolcum
jifje that over 21.000,000 barrels of
crude oil will bo required to satisfy tlio
demand of 1882, or 200,000,000 more
gallons than were consumed last year.
George Urban & Son have built and
equipped with rollers a mill in Buffalo,
N. Y., costing 75,000. They don't
have a stone in the building. It is tho
first flouring mill of the kind in tho city.
Fonialo candidates for tlio study of
medicines in Russia aro constantly in
creasing. Tho total number admitted
within ten years is 950. Of these 281
have finished their studios, and 152 are
now practicing.
Among tlio valuable minerals found
in Arizona it is said that the importance
of tlio opal has been overlooked. In
Yuma County, especially, aro thoso
gems found in great abundance. Thoy
usually bavo a lime coating and are oval
in shape.
A Pittsburgh iron manufacturer em
ploys nearly !J00 girls of ages ranging
from fifteen to twenty years, as black
smiths and iron workers. The labor
lliey porform is not heavy, and tho
wagos run from 75 cents to J52.50 a day
cacii. Detroit Post.
The sum of ?.S 07, which remained
of the fund used it, celebrating in Forts
mouth, N. II., on tho 22d of February,
18i2, tho conteiiary of Washington's
birth, was deposited 'in the local savings
bank against the bicentennial celebra
tion, and now, at the expiration of half
tho time, amounts to Mtf.o8.
Few realize what an enormous
amount of power is stored up in coal,
and how littlo wo really utilize. Pro
fessor Rodgors has put it neatly thus:
The dynanric value of ono pound of
good steam coal is equivalent to tlio
work of a man a day, and three tons aro
equivalent to twenty years' hard work
of three hundred days a year. Tho
usual estimate of a four-foot seam is
that it will yield ono ton of good coal
for every square yard, or about 5,000
tons for each acre. Each squaro milo
will thon contain 11,200,000 tons, which,
in their total capacity for tho produc
tion of power, aro equal to tho labor of
over ono million able-bodied men for
twenty years. Iowa Slate Register.
WIT AND WISDOM.
Why is a locomotive
liko a beef-
steak? Because it
without its tender.
is good for nothing
Tho hardest rocks aro mado of the
softest mud, just as tho biggest swells
aro made from tho smallest men.
Tho adventurer is generally a good
melodist. At least, ho always seeks for
tune. This tune is generally written in
bank-notes. Musical Jit raid.
If a man could only take out his
brains and have them revised, ho might
frequently start business on a more sat
isfactory basis. His main-spring may
bo ail right; the works only want a little
cleaning. Denver Tribune.
A prominent writer of a eulogy
on connubial bliss says it is often tho
case when you seo a great man, liko a
ship, sailing proudly along tho current
of renown, that thcro is a Tittle tug his
wifo whom you can not seo, but who is
directing his movements and supplying
tlio motive power.
"So you enjoyed your visit to the
Museum, did you?" inquired a young
man of his adored ono's littlo sister
"Oh yes! and do you know that wo
saw a camel thoro that screwed its
mouth and eyes around awfully; and
sister said it look exactly liko you when
you aro reciting poetry at evening
parties.
A Maine grocer who had just "ex
perienced religion" acknowledged in
mooting that he had been a hard sinner,
cheated customers by adulterating his
goods, etc., but, being converted, would
rtspay any one ho had wronged. Late
that night lie was awakened by a ring at
his door bell. Looking out he saw a
man. "Who aro you, and what do you
want?" ho asked. "I'm Hill Jones.
You said to-night you would repay
those you had cheated. Give mo that
$100 you'vo owed ino so long." "Can't
you wait till morning?" "No; I ain't
foing to wait and stand in lino all day."
lo was paid. Boston Globi.
Dana Kruni, ono of tho conductors
on tho Erie Railway, was approached be
fore train tinio by an unknown man, who
spoko to him as though he had known
him for years: "I say, Dana, I have
forgotten my pass, and I want to go to
Susquehanna. 1 am a fireman on tlio
road, you know," but tlio conductor
told bun ho ought to liavo a pass with
him; it was tlio safest way. Pretty
soon Dana caino along to collect tickets.
Seeing his man, ho spoko when ho
readied him: "Say, my friend, havo
you tho time witli you?" "Yes," said
he, as ho pulled out a watch, "it is
twenty minutes past nino." "Oh, it is,
is it?" Now, if you don't show mo
your p.iss or faro I will stop tho train.
There is no railway man that 1 over saw
thnt would say 'twenty minutes past
nine.1 Ho would say '0:20.' " Ho sot
tied, Chicago Times.
A Swindled Undertaker.
"I don't complain very often," said
a man, entering tho GuzellcolWco yester
day, ' but I would liko for you to say a
few words in defenso of a man who
never wronged any ono. I am an un
dertaker and have planted moro re
spectable men than you could con
veniently shake a spade at, butliko many
other good men I have been swindled by a
heartless rival. Somo time ago, Heckle,
the undertaker, came to mo and said:
Clayhead,' that's my name, 'all other
professions exchango couitesics; why
should not we? For instance, tlio news
papers exchango with each other, even
tho lawyers lend books. Tho doctors
swap points and tlio preacher's fill each
other's pulpits. Now, I wanttoawaken
a kindly feeling among undertakers. I
want them to fool that thoy aro not re
moved from the great and glorious em
pire of good fooling. Suppose wo start
tho tiling. Suppose we interchange
courtesies? Thon all tlio newspapers
will speak of us and' such a halo of
good fellowship will bo thrown around
tho coflin that ' 'I don't understand
you,' I said to Heckle. 'What do you
mean?'
I mean,' lie wont on, 'that when a
member of your family dies, I will
furnish the burial outfit, nice metallic
case, you know. Then when a member
of my family dies, you can furnish tlio
outfit. In this way wo can help each
other. We will bo so moved with good
fellowship that we'll bo glad when a
member of our families passes away,
merely to show this unfeeling world that
undertakers aro men.'
"Tho idea struck me. A new depart
ure was something that I had hankered
after.
Well,
1 agreed to Heckle's
s proposition.
about ton days afterward I
received a note from Heckle stating
that his ten-year-old boy was dead. 1
was glad to havo tho opportunity of
complying with our contract. I sent a
man around and tho boy was buried in
elegant style. About ;i week afterward
I received intelligence that Heckle's six-year-old
daughter was dead. Tho
idea of devastation in tlio Heckle
family did not impress me near
ly so much as the gratification I experi
enced in promoting the principles of
courteous interchange. Tho girl was
elegantly deposited. A few days after
ward Heckle sent mo a note stating that
his wifo had died and that ho could con
gratulate mo upon the success of tlio in
terchange scheme. Mrs. Heckle was
buried in a magnificent case. All this
time my family had remained in a dis
couraging state of health, with tho ex
ception of a maiden aunt who lives with
me. Ono day she was taken ill and
insisted upon my sending for a doctor.
I explained to her how necessary it was
for her to die, but she persistently re
fused mid recovered. Leaving tho bed
side disappointed, I went down town
and found a noto from Heokle, stating
that his wife had just died. You see I
had buried his wifo a few days before,
and did not understand why another
wife's funeral should occur so soon, so I
called on Heckle.
" 'Did I say wife?' ho asked, in sur
prise. " Yes, sir.'
" 'I meant my wife's mother. Hang
tlio luck, how could 1 havo made such a
mistake?'
" Of course it was all rigid, but I
concluded to investigate tho matter. I
soon found that Becklo had never boon
married, and that lie was burying tho
neighbors at half price, provided tlio
bodies were all buried from a house
which he rented for that puposo. All
I want you to do is to state in the next
issue that there is something about
Heckle's character which 1 don't ad
mire." Little Pock Gazette.
A Magnlliccnt Project.
Ono of the most magnificent of tlio
Into Khedive Ismail's projects, tlio Nu
bian & Soudan Railway, is now assum
ing something liko a substantial form.
Tho original idea seems only to havo
been to run a line from Assouan, below
tho First Cataract, to Wady Haifa, at
tho Second Cataract, thus saving tho
transport of merchandise either Avay
from Nile boat to camel, or vice versa,
which at present takes place at both
rapids. But already an extension throo
hundred miles above Wady Haifa is
contemplated by the scheme, and if that
is carried out, in all probability the lino
will bo lengthened some day to Khar
toum, tho capital of the Soudan, at tho
junction of tlio Hluo and White Nile.
"To some," says the Loudon Globe,
" this may seem a chimerical project;
but there arc few engineering diillcul
lios in tlio way save at tho Assouan end,
which have been already pretty well
overcome; and, if it is ever carried to
completion it cannot fail to affect most
propitiously tho future botli of Nubia
and tho Soudan. It is to lie a single
line, of VJhich at present soventy-livo
miles aro finished; and, as it leaves
Assouan, it passes through a portion of
tlio famous granite quarries, out of
which tho Gizoh pyramids, near Cairo,
and so many otnor Pharaonio works
were made. Tho engineer, a Scotch
man, has no European to assist him,
and tho ways of his Arab and Nubian
laborers are anything but tho ways of
tno iuignsn navvy, xsouung win in
duce them to uso a wheelbarrow; and,
as thoy work in gangs, with a task
master standing over them whip in
hand, either supporting great masses
on tlioir backs or carrying away the
debris in baskets, they forcibly recall to
mind tho habits and customs of tho an
cient Egyptians as depicted on the
sculptures at Thobes nmiltaanak."
Gonunvl Kobert C. Sclionck hrus
been, it is .sniil, cnruilof Rripht's illsoaso
by tho uso of skimmoil milk. General
Sclionck believes it u specific for that
disease.
T
Tonics
At this season of the year
when the greatest and most
rapid changes are going on
in the physical condition of
our body, it is absolutely
necessary to take a reliable
strengthening tonic.
The trouble heretofore
has been to get as a tonic a
medicine that was not com
posed mostly of cheap whis
key doctored with nause
ous, disagreeable, and in
compatible drugs.
Brown's Iron Bittkrs
is a strictly scientific medici
nal preparation, recommend
ed by the medical profession
ns a complete tonic, com
posed of Iron the great
strciiRtliencr, cinchona bark,
and other valuable medi
cines so combined as to be
pleasant to take, thorough in
cfTect.and free from all the ob
jectionable features of other
Iron medicines. HuoWN's
Iron Hitturs will not cause,
headache, constipation, and'
blacken the teeth as i4her
Iron preparations will.
Sufferers from weakness,
lassitude, thin blood, sallow
complexion, malaria, ner
vousness, loss of tone in the
muscles or digestive organs,
stiff joints, pain in the back,
or kidney diseases, torpid or
inactive liver, will find
Brown's Iron Bitters a
reliable and effectual cure
for same. Sold at $i.oo a
bottle by all dealers in medi
cine. X
MRS. LYDIA E. PIHKHAM. OF LYNH, MASS..
Utss -&? Z-
4&Jgidsul
LYDIA E. PeNECHAEVrVS
VEGETABLE COMPOUND.
! it I'obIUvp Cure
for all thnso I'ntiilul doiiiulnliils and Weakness!
soeoiiimott to our best ft mule population.
It Trill euro cntliely tlio worrit form of Female Com
plalnts,all ovarian troubles, Inllaminatlon ami Ulcer
tlon, Falling and Displacement, anil tlio consequent
Spinal Weakness, mid particularly adapted to tba
Change ot I.lfo.
It will dissolve ami expet tumors f rom the. uterus In
an early stage of development, Tho tendency to can
cerous humora lliei o le checked very speedily by lt uie.
It removes fajiitneii, flatulency, destroysoll craving
tor stimulants, and relieves weakness ot tho stomach.
It cures moating, llendacbes, Nervous Prostration,
General Debility, Sleeplessness, Depression and Indi
gestion. That feeling of liearinc down, causing pain, weight
and backache, la always permanently cured liy Us use.
It will at all times ami under all circumstances act la
liarmony Tilth tho Inns that govern the female system.
For tho cure of Kidney Complaint! ot either isxtbii
Compound la unsurpassed.
17YDIA K. I'INKIIAM'S "VECir.TABI.E COM
POUND Is prepared at 333 and 235 Western Avenue,
Lynn, Mass. PrlcoQI. Six bottles for $5. Sunt by mail
In tho form of pllli, also in tho form of lorenges, on
receipt of price, 81 per box for either. Mrs, Plnkham
freely answen all letters of Inquiry. Bend f or paxapby
let. Address as above. Mention IMi .Tuper.
Ho faintly should bo without LTDIA E. riNItnAM'i
LIVER PILLS. They curs constipation, biliousness,
and torpidity of tho liver. Si cents per box. t
j&3- Sold by all l.lruaaisu. S I
AGENTS
W ANTEir) 1
To Sell tho LIVES OF
Frank and Jesse James
Hie notorious outlaw" Complete word of tlu-lr dnr
VF.'ITJ'10'1? Knllneiuntof tho shootln' of JKbt-K
JA.Ml.S; his purlntlt lieforu mid after dentin plrtumi
V.f !!'!' '' wife, the two children und the KOKU
Mills Oolnir Ilku wlliMlre. Onu Airi'iit if
porta 114 orders In twotlity. JVcvet auclin
chance to innkn inniicy. Outfit ."iOc. Address
c. h. m;.tcii a h., CiiiiAoo ill
FRAZER
AXLE GREASE.
Heat In (ha World. Ort tho genuine. Ky
ery pucknea lins our Trnilinark and U
marked Fritzer's. MOI.II L'VSUY WIIK1CL.
PARSONS' PURGATIVE PILLS l!(JK
Illood. ami will .iininl,t,w ilifiiii.f the blood in the en
tin- iTstrm In three months. Any person who will tVa
1 pill each nlitht from 1 to 15 weeks may be restored
to sound health. If such a tliltiL1 be poiMlilr Sold ev
erywhere, or sent by null for letter tamp. I. 8.
Jeuxiox A Co., Uoitou, Mmi., formerly Ilanor.il.
c
l
y
11 El BLOOD !
.1
4
n
