THE ADVERTISER. O. XV. FAIKHKOTHEU A. CO., PnUlttur VanrMiri. A WANNING FROM THE SAWDUST JUNO. Tho other day, In Union Square, I met tny old friend lire wit, His face wa deeply lined with euro- lie seemed nil broken down; And yet lie used to be it most HiiccosHful elrens-elown. " Why aren't von on the road?" asked L Ho turned on mo 11 K'e Of sad surprises then heaved u sIkIi, Ami wild: "AlasJ tho day When I eonld Ket a date aro Konos Or, us thoy say In pluym " I bur superfluous to thn stuo?" " Why, nonsense, llmwii," said 15 ' Von srcly have not reached tho iifro At which a man should dleir" " I've reaehed the iiko," quoth ho, " at which The sawdust will not llyl" " II happened In tlibt wine," Raid llrowut " Por twenty yearn or iiioru I earned my living uh a olown, Kopoatlng o'erand o'er Tho antiquated Jokes you hoard When In your plnaforo. " At liiHt It eame Into my head "I'wnuld ho 11 glorious thing If something novel could Im said Within a cfreus-rlmr: A brand-new Joko I theroforo tried, One luckless day, to sing. " And flits Ih why you poo mo hero; For when that joko thoy hoard, Tho people rose up on Iholr ear, Ah hy one Impulse stirred, And threatened there to mob tho hIiow; Thwy did, iimii my word I " And slnco that day I've tried In vuln My business to pursue; Tor all tho munaircrs explain That It would never do To huvo a circus clown who onco Hud jrotofT something uewl" N. Y. rttvixr, THE STOKY OF TUB TIDES. What They Tell of tho Growing Length of the Day iind of thn HlrtU of tho Moon. Krom 11 scientific point of view, tho work tlonu by tho tides Ih of niiHpuiikn blo importance Whence Is this ener gy derived with which tho tides do thoir work? If tho tides tiro caused by tho moon, tiio energy they possess must hIho 1)0 derived from tlio moon. Tlii.s looks plain enough, but uiifortuiititoly it is not true. Would it bo truo to 11s Hort Hint tho flngur of tho rifleman which mills tho tracer supplies tho on orgy with which tho riflo-nullet is atii nintodP Of course it woultl not. Tho energy is derived from tho explosion of tho gunpowder, nud tho pulling of tho trigger is merely tho means by which tlmt energy is liberated. In 11 M)incwlmt similar manner the tidal wave produced by tho moon is tho means whereby a part of tho energy stored in tho earth is compelled to expend itself in work. Let mo illustrate this by a comparison between tho earth rotating on its axis and tho lly-wheel of an en gine. Tho lly-wheel is a sort of reser voir into which tho engine pours its nowor at each stroke of the piston. I'lio various machines in tho mill mere ly draw oil' tho power from tho store accumulated in tho lly-wheel. Tho oarth is like a gigantic Hy-wheel de tached from tho engine, though still con nected with tho machines in tho mill. In that mighty fly-wheel a stupendous quantity of energy is stored up, and a stupendous quant it' of energy would bo given out before that fly wheel would eonio to rest. Tho earth's rotation is the reservoir from whence the tides draw tho energy they require for doing work. Honco it is that though tho tides are caused by tho moon, yet whenever thov require onor- I rytliey tlraw on the supply ready to mud in tho rotation of tho earth. The oarth differs from tho fly-wheel of tho engine in a very important point. As tho energy is withdrawn from tho fly wheel by tho machines in the mill, so it is restored thereto by tho power of tho .steam-engine, and tho fly runs uniform ly. Hut tho earth is iuudoIy tho lly wheel without the engine. When the work done by tho tides withdraws ener gy from tho earth, that energy is never restored. It, therefore, follows that tho earth's rotation must bo deoreusing. This leads to a consequence of tho most wonderful importance. It tolls us that the speed with which the earth rotates on its axis is dlniiulshlnir. Wo can state tho result in a manner which has tho merits of simplicity and brevity. Tho, tides aro increasing tho length of tho day. At present, no doubt, the ef fect of tho tides in changing tho length of the day is very small. A dav now is not appreciably longer than a day a hundred years ago. Even in a thou sand years tho change in tho length of tho day is only a fraction of a second. Hut tho importance arises from tho fact that tho change, slow though it is, lies always in ono direction. Tho day is continually increasing. In millions of years tho accumulated elVect becomes not only appreciable, but oven of start ling magnitude. Tho change in tho length of the day must involve a eorrosnondinir olnuiL'o in tho motion of the moon. It' tho moon acts on tho earth, so, conversely, does tho earth react upon tho moon. Tho earth is tormented by tho moon, so it strives to drive away its persecutor. At present tho moon "revolves round the earth at a distance of about 210,000 miles. Tho miction of tho earth tends to increase that distance, and to force tho moon to rovolvo In an orbit which is continually getting larger and larger. As thousands of years roll on, the length of the day inoreasos second by second, and tho distance of tho moon increases mllo by mile. A million years ago tho day, probably, contained mhjio minutes les than our present day of twenty-four hours. Our retrospect Hoes not halt hero: wo at once project our view bask to an incrediblv remote epoch which was a crlsn in the history of our system. It must have been at least 0,000,000 years ago. It may huvo been very much earlier. This crisis was tho interesting occasion when tho moon was born. The length of the day was only a very few hours. If we call it threo hours we shall not bo far from tho truth. Perhaps you may think that if wo looked back to a still earlier epoch, the day would become still less, and linally disappear altogether! This is, however, not tho case. Tho day can never have been much less than three hours in the present order of things. Everybody knows I hat the earth is not sphere, but tluu'o is a protuberance at the equator, so that, asourschool-books tell us, the earth is shaped like an orange. It is well known that this pro tuberance is duo to tho rotation of tho earth on its axis, by which the equa torial parts bulge out by centrifugal force. The quicker the oarth rotates the greater is tho protuberance. If, however, the rate of rotation exceeds a certain limit, the equatorial portions of tho earth could no longer cling togeth er. The attraction which unites them would bo overcome by centrifugal force, and a general brcak'-up would occur. It can be shown that the rotation of the earth when on the point of rupture cor responds to a length of the day some whore about the critical value of threo bourn which we have already adopted. It is therefore impossible for us to sup pose a day much .shorter than threo hours. Let us leave the earth for a few min utes and examine tho past history of the moon. We have seen the moon re volve around the earth in an ovnr widenlng orbit, and eonsoquoutly the moon in ancient times must have been nearer tho earth than it is now. No doubt tho change is slow. There Is not much dill'ercnce between tho orbit of the moon a thousand years ago and the orbit in which the moon is now mov ing. Hut when we rise to millions of years the diilerence becomes very ap preciable. Thirty or forty millions of years ago the moon was much closer to the oarth than it is at present, very pos sibly the moon was then only half its present distance. We must, however, look still earlier, to a certain epoch not less than fifty millions of years ago, At that epoch the moon must have been so close to the earth that the two bodies wero" almost touching. Everybody knows that tho moon revolves now around the earth in a period of twenty seven days. The period depends upon the distance between the earth and tho moon. In earlier times the month must have been shorter than our present month. Home millions of years ago tho moon completed its journey in a week, instead of taking twenty-eight days, as at present. Looking back earlier still, we find the month has dwindled down to a day, then down to a few hours, until at that wondrous epoch, when tho miKin was almost touching the earth, the moon spun around the earth once evrv threo hours. In those ancient times I seo our earth to be a noble globe, as it is at present. Yet it is not partly covered with oceans and partly clothed with verdure. The primeval earth seems rather a fiery and ualf-moltou mass, where no organic life can dwell. Instead of the atmosphere which we now have, see a dense mass of vapors, in which, perhaps, all tho oceans of the earth aro suspended as clouds. I see that the sun still rises and sets to give the succession of day and of night, but the day and tho niglit together only amount to threo hours, instead of twenty-four. Almost touch ing tho chaotic mass of the earth is a much smaller and equally chaotic bodv. Around tho earth 1 see this small body rapidly rotating. Tho two revolve to gether, as If thoy wore bound by invisi lile bauds. The smaller body is tho moon. London Nature. Humorous Writing. Almost everv one nrivutelv indulges in tilts idea that he would become ;i cele brated humorist writer if he wore only to try. He takes up a magazine or news paper and reads a humorous article, and says to himself: " If l only had time I could do vastly better than that." Now, friend, suppose you take time and try. If you can produce a first-class sketch your fortune is. made. You need not plod along In counting houses or vege tate behind the counter of dry goods stores selling calico at a profit ot two cents a yard. You can just go on with yourflrst-elnss humor, and lix your own valuation upon it, never fearing but it will be paid. Hut tho fact of it Is you aro a little mistaken. This humorous business is much easier in theory than in practice. Anybody can criticise and lind fault with our funny writers, but tho question is, can that same " anybody n do any better? If so, let him do it. You think it a very simple and easy thing to sit down with a nen in vour fingers and a sheet of paper before you and Indite thoughts which shall con vulse the world with laughter, and say ings which shall be repeated for years to come. Well, wo aro all willing you should try, and when you achieve 'success wo will laugh at your witty sayings and sun ourselves In the flash of your diamonds and not feel any envy. We are apt to look upon humorous writings as a pas time, as requiring less thought and in tellectual power than tho heavier essays which crowd reviews! but In this wo aro mistaken. Your truo humorist must have wonderful imagination, a keen hcnso of the ridiculous, a thorough un derstanding of men, a generous power of language, delicacy, .sensibility, ten derness and a strong lovo of liuuiuu kind. Mobile Jkyister. PACTS AND FIM'RES. Chicago has iO.OOO girls working at the various trades for the average wages of $2 a week. The production of anthracite coal In 1881 was about 28,o00,()00 tons. An increase of l,0(),000 tons is expected to occur this year. There are in England and Wales 10,000 women who arc classed as ha bitual drunkards. The number of men in the same category is 'J7,878. About 510,000 people in tho city of Hull'a'o are supported by the railroad companies. 'J 'lie amount expended there by the different roads in wages alone will foot up over Jj.'J,000,000 an nually. The securities held by the Hartford (Conn.) banks ami insurance com panies, during the two years ending llecoinber ,'Jl, increased in value S8,7(ir,02, or more than $12,000 for every day of the two years, Sundays Included. It has already been noted that fires ivcro unusually prevalent and dlsas ,rous last year. There was no ex ception to the rule in New York City, ivhcre the losses bv lire in 1881 were T),800,000, against i?:i, 18:1,000 tho pre vious year. The lircs numbered 1,780. Late statistics show that to the ., 000,000 Japanese people there arc only about 1,000,000 head of cuttle, or two head to every one hundred people; while in the United Slates there aro seventy-three head of eattlo to every one hundred people. t The amount of money in circula tion in the country at present is esti mated at the enormous Mini of $1,J."(, 081,010, composed of: Legal tender notes, :M0, 08 1,01(5: National bank notes, !W;i,()00,000; Gold, !-C)G:J,000,000; Silver, S180.000.000. The Chicago Tribune states tho number of private banks in sixteen cities at 717, of which fi08 are in New York City, OB in Philadelphia, 17 in Huston. 21 in Chicago, 10 in Haltimoro, 11 in St. Louis, J) in San Kranoisco, 8 in Cincin nati, 7 in Pittsburgh. 7 in Detroit, 0 in Washington, fi in New Orleans, 1 in Cleveland, 1 in Milwaukee, .'J in Louis ville, .'( in Albany. Capital, $fi8,(i:, JI00; deposits (New Orleaus omitted) ?8J,9!)(i.A in. During the past year there ha:? been a steady increase in the number of money-orders sent from and received at tho Now York Po.st-ollice. The total num ber of domestic and foreign money-orders issued during the year ending De cember .'$1, was 01,288, and the amount was !?l.M8,O8;j.07. The fees thereon were $U,(570..i5. Drafts were paid on letter of credit account to the amount of 810,22r,,5!)2.0n. The domestic and for eign orders paid mid repaid numbered 88:1,802, and the amount 8,JW2,861.()2. There were :I02,0:12 international orders received and certified to Europe for 8(5, 179.718.7o, which, with other items, makes (he total business of the year $.8,!)!)2,708.81, an increase over 1880 of 457, 70 1,0 1 0.77. WIT AND WISDOM. "Its scold day when I get left," Xantippo remarked when Socrates went oil" to tho circus without hi'v.liurliiuj ton Hit take ie. It lias been discovered that the Arabic for cat is gilt." This is the English form of speech applied to trumps. Ar. (). Picayune. A New York paper savs there is no champion billiard player now. This national calamity should bo looked after at once. N. O. Picaiune. The niiiu who has all knowledge at his lingers1 ends should not bite3 his nails; ho might bite oil" more than ho could conveniently chew. Motion Tran script. A priest once asked a condemned criiuHial in a Paris jail: "What kind of a conscience have you?" It's as good as new," roplied the prisoner, " for I have nevor used it." Talinnge says: " Men of talent and commanding intellect are never good dancers." That is the first time wo have seen any public allusion to our awkwardness in dancing. Texan Sift iwjtt. Lady "Mario, go and seo if tho butcher calves feet has?" Mario, back coining "Madam, I know not. I hare them not see could." Lady" What?" Marie " If lie calves has. He has boots on." The orineiiml amusement in rmi1 New York this winter is guessing at tho weight of a hog. Tho guesseis pay fifty cents a chance, Iheu'they guess, and the man who guesses nearest the correct weight takes the hog. At a village near Crolon Lake one hundred and twenty three men took chances and four men gues.sed the exact weight live hundred and eighty-nine pounds. Thus does tho cultured orient gild tho precious mo ments witli the germs ot intellectual growth, while in tho rude unlettered West the ignorant masses hunger for the food of thought, and pine away in sad tust hello inanition. Uurlinylon Haivkeit. A Missouri paper tells of a farmer who owiul Walt Perkins twenty-live dol lars, and had owed him for years. One ilnv ho met. W'ntl mill said: " Don't. Iw uneasy, Wall. 1 have the thing all fixed by which I c;in pay you." alt asked him how he hud got ft fixed, and tho old granger said: "Well, Walt, if nothing happens, next year I hope to raise a good crop of corn, and I intend to trade some of (he corn for a yoke of oxen, and 1 know an old man In St. Charles Coun ty that owns au old mare, and ho wants to trade her for a yoke of oven. Now, Wall, when lalso tho corn, and got tho oxen, I will make tho trade for tho old mure, and then I will bring her homo and raise inulo colts ami Walt, tho very lir.st mult coH I sell you shall have tho money." RELIGIOUS AND EDUCATIONAL. Thegiftflof Mr. Georgo I. Senoy, of Hrooklyn, to Wesloyau University now amount to $550,000. Two ladles, Mrs. Caroline Wyckoft and Mrs. Mary Olin, were recently elected trustees of the Presbyterian church of 'Perry, Wyoming County, N. Y. The total number of students in regular attendance at Oberlin College, Oberlin, O., is, according to the latest catalogue of that institution, 1,5125, of whlelr number 801) are residents of Ohio. Tho Lutheram Synod of Missouri numbers 817 pastors, 970 congregations and 40,722 voting (male) members. It has 808 parochial schools, with 41,51251 children in attendance. The baptisms last year were 18,7515; confirmations, 8, 5180; funerals, 0,040. The grandson of Horace Hinney oc cupies the same room at Harvard Col lege which his illustrious ancestor lived in seventy years ago, and many of the old books and pictures are back In their places after an absence of three score years and ten. It is proposed in Switzerland to pass a Federal School Law for the govern ment of the schools which are at pres ent under the control of the separate caty 0119. One section, of this law pro vides that every youth, after leaving the primary school, shall spend at least two hours every week in a night school. Shaw University, a Haptist institu tion for the education of the freedmen, is reported to have graduated over a thousand teachers and preachers during its existence. These have gone out among their race and have proved most ellicient home missionaries, especially in organizing and currying on Sunday schools. The Rev. Georgo O. Harnes is con-' ducting, in Louisville, a religious re vival which in most respects is not un common; but he introduces a novelty by carrying a bottle of oil us he goes among the penitents and anointing them on their foreheads. He claims Scriptural authority for this ceremony. Although harshly criticised for his oddities, he is said to l)e sincere in his work so sin cere that he will take no pay 0: uept food and lodging and his converts tire numerous. A story is told of a member of a certain theological seminary who was so sensitive as to any suspicion of plagiar ism that he never allowed himself to make the slightest quotation without giving his authority. On one occasion lie commenced grace at breakfast thus: " Lord, wo thank Thee that we have awakened from the sleep which a writer in tho Edinburgh llcvicw litis called 'the image of death.' " Methodist. There are 5,705 mission stations now, against 502 fifty years ago. The number of ordained missionaries litis in creased, in the same time, from 050 to 0,090, and the assistants from 1,25)0 to 5155,850, and the communicants from 70, 000 to 857;;i82. The annual contribu tion from America for the work has grown from 8250,000" to 2,500,000 in the same period. During 1880 t Great Britain contributed $5,544,750, nearly one-half of which was given by the Es tablished Church". m The Impending Ruin of Chios. Chios would, if a telegram from Athens prove correct, seem hardly a profitable place for tho investment of money in freehold land. Not only have earthquakes of late given the inhabit ants more than ordinary trouble, but the ground is gradually sinking, hot springs are everywhere appearing, and tne lniiaoitants look forward to uniting tho whole island submerged in the sea at no very distant date. This does not seem to lie by any means a pleasant prospect for the natives who, while they deplore the instability of the land which thoy have been used to regard as home, are scarcely prepared to share its for tunes should it sink much lower than at present. Hut as in the darkest storm there is often a streak of light, so in the troubles of Chios there is one section at least of humanity that will find room for consolation. It is in Chios that tho linest and headiest raki is made; the raki which beguiles oven the followers of Mohammed, and makes the gravest Christians of Athens at times a little un steady in their gait. With Chios at tho bottom of the sea, this .seductive fluid will enchant the Eastern epicure no more; and, in default of tho tasteful liquor, he will probably drink nothing but water. The disappearance of Chios might accordingly be regarded as a great temperance movement in tho Orient. London Telegraph. The iuftoBiiIlct. The rillo bullot in use in the United Slates service is formed by compression; is made of lead alloyed with 0.0 per cent, of tin and weighs .405 grains; in form it is cylindro-conoidal, with a hemisphericariiead and a small cavity in the base; it has three broad grooves on the cylindrical part to contain the lubricant; it enters more than one-half its length into tho case, which thus covers and protects the lubricant; it is securely held In place by turning in tho end of tho ease closely against its sides; this crimping efVeetually closes the case, and protects tho powder from moisture, making tho cartridge perfectly water proof, but Is attended with a loss of ini tial velocity to the bull of twenty-three feet. Hulfets for long rungo firing huvo usually one part of tin to twenty of lead; a soft lead bullet also inflicts a worse wound t him ono that is hardened. The word caliber applied first to tho weight of the bullet, (hen to tho diameter, which determined tho diameter of the gun, now signifies the diameter of tho noro of any firearm, and is expressed iu Inches or fractional part of an inch. JV J'. Graphic, GARFIELD'S ASSASSIN. Tim I.Rt :) or tho Trial " (Jullty an Tr. dieted" Tim Verdict Urculved With Upl rmiroun DrinotiNtriUloii of Apiral The Uotltlctcd lUurderer Tnkcti to dull Ainltl the Jeer itud VulN or un Kxclted Crowd- Wasuinoton, Jiumiiry 25. After the Jury huil been out about twenty minutes iccees whs taken until StlXJo'dock. Miitiy of the mullcnee, who luut li tunlly boeu imprisoned bIiicc lMIiO In the morula;;, availed tlieinpclvch ot the oKrttuilty to obtain fic.h ulr mill lunch. The prisoner, 11 1 his requcHi had been allow cd, soon after the Jury left the court-room, to retire to the little room he lias occupied hu.T the trial bei?un as a waiting room dui'liitf i-cccm. llcforo lo.ivlnj; the court room he evinced eomdilemble nervoiiMicM, but on getting away to comp.iratlve seclusion IiIh tiMial composure and a-uranec hood re turned to him. He sent out for some apples with which he treated his attendants, mean while chatting familiarly and good-naturedly. He was acKcd what he thought the Jury would do, and leplled: "I think they will acquit mo or disagree, don't joul" Within ten minutes after recess had been taken the jury called to the b lllll in waiting that they were leudy with their Verdict. The were Informed that u recess had heea taken and .Iud;e Cox hud lei t tho court-room. So they lemalncd iu their room until the court icukcmh!cd. The rumor tint the Jury had agreed was ,X quickly spread from one to another, and the excited crowd s'irged back into the court room, and anxiously awaited whit all seemed to expect, a verdict of guilty. The musty, antique room Is devoid of gas, and a score or more ol caudle w htchh.id been placed upon the dc-ks of Judge, counsel and reporters Im parted a weird and fanciful, unnatural as pect to the grim old place. The shadow thrown upon the (lurk background of the wullv.-eemed like fitting specter- to usher Iu the ttomhci proccfduii of iIumu who held la their haiidh the destiny of a human life. 'lrst eame the prisoner, with a quick, nerv ou step, and, ni he seated himself inthedock, perhap.x for the l;it time, the light of a soli tary candle fell full ukiii bin face, and dis closed Its more than uiiial pall'ir. Not a tre mor of the limbs or movement of the muscles of the face was observable us. be threw back his head and llxed his gaze upon the door through which the Jury were to enter. Judge Ok boon afterward took his scat. The crier called "Order," and the jury, at &:H5, filed slowly Into their seats. Every sound wn hushed save the voice of the clerk us he propounded to the foreman tho usual In quiry: "(icntlcmcii of the Jury, have you agreed uikiii 11 verdict!" Clear and distinct came tho icply: "We have." "What l our verdict, guilty or not guilty I" Willi equal distinctness came tho reply: "(Jullty as Indicted." Then the pent-up feelings of the crowd found exprc'slou in uproarous demonstra tions of applause and approval. "Order," "order," shouted the bailiff. Mr. Scovlllo and counsel for the prosecution wete simultaneously upon their feet. Mr. Scoville attempted to addiess tho Court, bufjj the District-Attorney shouted: "Walt till we have the verdict complete and In due form of law." JL Order was at length restored, and the clerk, again uddie.-r.Ing the jury, oald: " Vour foreman says: '(Jullty, as indicted.' 'So say we all of usf" "Wo do," all re sponded. Another demonstration of approval follow ed this announcement, but not sft prolonged us the lint. Mr. Scovlllc demanded a poll of the jury, which was grunted, and each juror was called by name, and eaeh, In a firm voice, promptly responded: "Guilty." As the liufc numc was called, the prisoner shrieked: " My blood will be upou tho heads of that jury. Don't you forget It." Mr. ScovlIIo again addressed tho Court, say ing: ' Your Honor, I do not desire to forfeit any right I may have under the law a) d prac tice in this District. If there Is anythiugthat I ought to do now to save those right, I would be indebted to your Honor to indicate It tome? Judge Cox, in reply, assured him he should have every opportunity, that the charge would be furnished lilm In print to-morrow, atid ho would be accorded all the timu allowed by law In which to tile his exception, and that he would also be entitled to four days within which to move arrest of judgment. Gulteau, who, from the moment Judge Cox began delivering his charge, had dropped completely his air of flippant arrogance, and sat with rigid features and compressed lips, called out in tones of desperation: "God will avenge this outrage." Judge Cox then turned to the jury and said: "Gentlemen of tho Jury: I cannot express too many thanks for tho manner In which you have discharged your duty. You have richly merited the thanks of your countrymen, and I feel assured you will take witli you to your homes the approval of your consciences. With thanks, gentlemen of the Jury, I dismiss you." With this announcement the court was de clared adjourned. And now the. famous trial, which has absorbed public Interest and atten tion for more than ten weeks, was ended. The crowd quickly left tho court-room, and the prisoner, gesticulating with his manacled hands, was led out. As be passed tho report ers' table be Igaued over and called out to an acquaintance: "Tho court In bane will re verse this business." His apiH'urance was that of n man deeply moved with Indignation at some outrage or indignity which bad been put upnii.hini. Ah be was being put hi tho van the crowd of men and l(oys yelled and shouted themselves hoarse Iu mockery of this prisoner's boast: "Tho American press and people aie all with me." Tho van was quickly driven away, followed by the Jeers and yells of the crowd. Mr. beoville w 111 probably lllo a motion In arrest of judgment and for a new trial on ex ceptions. Tho law gives defendant four days to file u motion and reasons for u now trial, and it is customary for the court to sit some day to hear argument thereon. Should this motion be overruled, defendant will appeal to the general term, and under the law the de fendant Is entitled to a suspension of sen tence until after the next general term, not exceeding thirty days. The January general term Is now in session, and the eae cannot go there, but will lw appealable to tho April term. It is tho custom at tho April term to adlourn until September, tnklug u recess over July and August. Hut should It bu dosed by the latter part of May, then, If judgment is affirmed, the execution might take place la July. ' I 1. A I--' ' I t