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About Nebraska advertiser. (Brownville, Nemaha County, N.T. [Neb.]) 1856-1882 | View Entire Issue (Sept. 22, 1881)
Seeding Wheat. Tlio most important tiling about wheat-growing 'H getting tlio ncod in tlio ground. It is a common prac tice, much to bo condemned, of put ting oil' tlio Hooding or wheat until i.lin limt moment. Tlio oontrary direc tion should bo followed, and, instead of ,ir, in umwl.ufuvlnir iitit.1I nil otlinr work is dono, thero should bean on-1 JJiook was such as to furnish admirable deavor to got the seed in by Iho lirst of opportunity for inoro exact study. The October. I mangrove swamps of Africa give not In tlio lirst place plow deeply, not more decided evidence of special mala less than six inches, and, if possible, on rial productivity than did this town. HlilV, clay lands, lot Iho subsoil plow bo 'i'ho man who has kooii several little used. This answers two purposes. It craters all the more enjoys Vesuvius, opens the land deeply, letting down the because it is so very declarative. A oxcess of water when we are visited by ' town in which no inhabitant escapes is lieavv rains, and allows the roots to not to bo explained away by any gen- penotraie easuy lOKuumuumm num. Sow eaily, for then .the plants have time to bod themselves and secure a firm foundation against the action of frosts, which throw the plants up when the land thaws in tlio spring. Wheat that has been in tlioground long enough to secure a good foothold is at least over the groatost dllllculty, and it is only those who have made tlio mistake of sowing late that have been the heav iest siiU'orors. The seed should bo carefully selected. ' . II.. II-... I.. .1.1 As we prize 'fresh blood in livestock, ho should wo ( I.. mi,,, mil- unml III nrili.r 1 to get the nest results. There nave been many now varieties introduced of lalo that are worthy of a trial, but sueli should be tried on a small scale before making it general. Certain kinds are adapted to particular localities, and the farmer's experience should guide him in that respect. Hut under no circum stances should seed bo sown that has S .. .... . not nassed a complete inspection, in Kim'Iiiiii!, when they wish to avoid ' oookio or oilier noxious wueus, iuuhucu is brought into the house and the whole family are employed rejecting every unsound or imperfect grain, frequently using a magnifying glass to facilitate the operation. In this country wo cul tivate on too largo a scale to uso such means, but, however, as there is oon siderab'e time during evenings between, now and October the spare time could bo prolitably spout in overlooking the seed. 'I he utmost care is necessary, and future labor will lie saved thereby. Wheat should follow corn or root crops, as they require clean cultivation, and the wheat will be less liable to com petition from weeds. Harrow tlio wheat as soon as it is well up, and also again in the spring. Drilling is pre ferable to broadcasting, and the roller can advantageously bo used whore tlio land is lumpy or clogged. Did it ever occur to fanners that wheat can bo cultivated with profit ' Wo have the authority of the patent ollico report on agriculture that an En glishman planted wheat one foot apart each way, manured anil used tlio hoe on it, with a return of over one hundred bushels to tlio acre. This does not seem credible but there is no doubt that the cultivation of wheat would pay in the increased yield by such a method, as is evinced by the effects of frequent harrowing. it is recommended, if a good viold is desired, to sow early, select the plump est and cleanest seed, harrow as otten as possible and manure well. With good preparation of tho land, anil otra care and judgment in seeding, tho fiTincr need not fear next year's per formance wilh his wlioat crop. Cor. Uurliuyton llutvhcic. Slate Health Hoards. TIub is undoubtedly a period of great sanitary activity, with ast possibilities of improvement, and yet with possi bility, also, of crude speculation and of not less crude inventions. Even sani tary literature has in it much of tho ex perimental, and there is need that all things proposed lie brought to rigid tost, lost they become death dealing, instead of life-saving.. It is, however, one of tho encouraging facts that so imanv of our States, as well as our eitios, have full-formed Hoards of Health, com- Iiosod of men who can bo hold responsi ve for their acts and for their advice. hi addition to the twcntv-tliree States already having Hoards, Ponnsylvii"ia, Arkansas and Indiana are likely to bo successful this jour. Tlio reports ot these are beginning to boiondorod, and form a very important addition to our inlormation as to tlio stud of disease. Wo tins j ear take up, a-, lirst in order, the report ot the State of New Jersey. It is made especially prominent from the met llmt the Hoard has had to con tend with four decided epidemics, allot which will pass into record as im portant in tho history of diseases and its causos. Tho lirst was tlio woll-known typhoid fever at Princo tou. With nil tho talks about 'miliaria, all the rumors as to causes and Iho many contradictory itonia which found their way to tho" press, it was quite important' that an authentic nar rative be given. Tho Socroturv of the Hoard had tho very best opportunities for this work. It required much sifting of statements and olose local examina tion into details. This seems to have been diligently attended to. The result is a clear detail of facts and a discussion of tho probablo origin of tlio disease It suoms highly probablo that the fever originated from local causos, which had nothing to do with malaria and the rem edy for which was an entire change in tho sistom of sewage disposal One cannot road such a history without per ceiving tlio groat importance ot a woll tlovisod plan of exactness in all the do talis of sanitary construction, and of a superintendence which shall bo as vigi laMt as intelligent and see to it that no possibilities of accumulated tilth can occur. A comparison of tho meteoro logical tabic shows how exceptionally warm the months of April and May had been, with an absence of iho usual ruins, No doubt, this had much to do with stir ring the latent poison into activity, and thus making aonal Bowago or contam inated air abundant. Not loss decided and not less typical was tlio occurrence of malarial fevers at Hound Hrook. While malaria was very prevalent in many States and in many localities of Now. Jersey last year, vet the condition of things at Hound eral theory of origin. Tlio itcbrm of a hall century had collected in n. siuggisn j water-bed, amid rank vegetation, whose I decay had stored away much organic 1 matter. It was near the discharge of I two or throe small streams, which thus brought down the accumulation of a I large, low watershed. Tlio alternation of heat and of water had been unusual, I and had furnished all the conditions for fermentivo or putrefactive changes. The results were up to tlio plan. So the people thought; so tlio courts ...,".. .... .:..?; : . r.s. ..-:: r? IS tills: It gllVO HSO to II tl'illl Which W in UVU1 IJU iiuuuiiu in iiiuui iuuh lunukiriuiii It proclaimed drainage for health a necessity as never before. It not only compelled the removal of a mill-dam, but the restoration of a stream-bed. New Jersey justice was us rigorous as if it had caught a culprit, and declared that men, women and children must not have their animation suspended in such manner. The result, too, is a ........ In. aw. I. lit. S .. A ......!. Illl.iijllll .,. Stale law which, while it protects own- ers ot water-rights lroin uniair risks, proclaims tlio right of pure air and n dry soil to all the land and tho inhab itants thereof. About tlio same time small-pox look on epidemic proportion6 in Camden. It revealed an inadequacy of provision that startled this city oi contentment, and gave it to know that, with all its enterprise, it moved too slowly to keep up with tho move of tho disease. At one time it bid fair to plant itself in every street of tlio city. A council hold with tlio State Hoard of Health resulted in the authorization of vaccination to an extent wliioh fully limited the disease. When will man kind learn that it is not necessary to have a scare and some deaths in order to secure that vaccination which can alone protect from such a scourge? bluer in the season, at Hlaokwood town, some twelve miles from Camden, a fever broke out in the almshouse, which did not cease its deadly work until physician, and nurses, and keep-1 or, and family, as well as some forty . inmates, had fallen before the disease. Over-crowding was the great error. In the midst of a motley herd was brought a man sick with lever, who was placed at once in a crowded bed room. Jn twelve days there were sov- eral cases in adoiinng rooms, it is quite possible that tho tirst New York eases arose from the tramps who scat tered from this place. Tlio whole course of the fever was that of a well declared typhus. It is not only conta gious, hut'clings so tenaciously to sur faces that long after it has seemed to fwtiiHii it, will iKrain recur, under Invoe- ,....- . - .. .. -- , 1 inr circumstances. It is still so per sistent in certain parts of Now York Citv that it.s sanitary authorities may well bo on tho alert, lest dirty streets and a hot summer should cause it to extend. Thus, in a single small State, wedged in between Philadelphia anil Now York, wo have examples of foiu provontlblo epidemics in a single year, and call upon all who read thereof to take heed. N. Y. Jmlopcmlcnt. Adulterated Co lice. Chiecory, carrots, caramel and date seeds aro tho substances commonly used to adulterate ground colVee. A single test will show tlio housekeeper whether slio has purchased pure or adulterated cotl'oo. Take a little of tho colVee and press it between tho lingers, I or give it a squeeze in tlio paper in which it is bought; if genuine it will not form a coherent mass, as eollee grains are hard and do not readily adhere to each other; but if the grains stick to each other and form a sort of "cake," wo may be pretty suro of adulteration in tho shape of chiecory, for tho grains uro softer and more open, and adhere without dilliculty when squeezed. .Again, u we piaco a iow grams in a. saucer and moisten them with a little cold water, chiecory will very quickly become soft like bread crumbs, while cotlco will take u long time to softon. A third test- Take a wine-glass or tumblerful of water, and gently drop a pinch of tlioground eollee on tho sur face of the water without stirring or agitating; genuine eollee will tloat for some time, whilst chiecory or any other soft root will sink, Chiecory or caramel will eauso a yol lowish or brownish color to ditl'uso rap idly through tho water, while pure cof fco will give no sensible tint under such circumstances for a considerable length of time. " ColVee mixtures" or " cofl'oo im provers" should bo avoided. Thoy sel dom consist of anything but chiecory and caramel. " French colTeo," so widoly usod at presold, is generally ground colleo, tlio beans of which havo noon roasted with a certain amount of sugar, which, coat ing over the bean, has retained more of the original aroma than in ordinary cotl'oo; but this, of oouro, at tho ex pense of the reduced percentage of colleo duo to tho presence of tho cara mel. England has 100 widows worth over half a million dollars each. How Hldos Aro Taken OH" and Salted. In tho abattoirs of this city tlio May ers of cattle use in taking (Hi the hides a knifo with a straight back and a keen edge, broad at tlio I. aft, but tapering up almost into a po nt at tlio end. Tho hoofs aro first taken oil at the first joint, a piece of the loose llesh at the throat cut out, an incision made in the nock, and Hie knifo run down through the middle of tho belly and the center of tho lower sido of tho hair tail. Tlio animal, which, up to this time, has been lying on its back, is inclined a little to one side, being supported in that posi tion by a prop under the downwardly inoliniiig foro-quartcr. Heginuing at the nock, tho Mayor runs his knife care fully along until the hide is tiken near ly oil' the sido which is uppermost, thou the animal is rolled over on Hint side and propped up as at the beginning, and the same llaying operation is re peated on tlio part whioh was down ward at lirst. Next a wooden support, about lour foot long, six inches deep and two inches wide, having a largo iron hook in tho middle adapted to bo fastened to n rope for hoisting purposes, is run through incisions made m tho hind legs just above tho lirst joint; tlio rope is adjusted to the hook, and tho carcass lifted up by a windlass, when the projecting owl of the joist are sup ported by cross bonus about nine feet from the lloor, and the bodv hangs sus pended therefrom. One of the work luen now grasps those portions of the hide which have been taken off the sides oi the animal near mo ucck, and another takes a large butcher's cleaver, and. using tho back, not the edge of tho instrument, by repeated blows trees the skin from the rest ot the carcass, while it is pulled oil' by tho lirst workman. Great care is exercised in tlio process of llaying, as tho workmen are subject to a line for each cut and score on the hide. When freshly taken oil tho hide is worth about eight cents per pound. In this state it is sold to the suitors with tlio pates and tails on. The suitors placo them in beds of about (500 each. The lloor of the salt room is generally cemented, and the bottom layer of hides is laid with the hair side down; the salt is then sprinkled on the llesh side, and another hi or is put down in like manner until the bed is complete. Tho hides aro usually loft in tlio salt from ton days to two weeks. The salt used must bo of good quality and ground rather line, as in case a lump of oven the size of an egg is left upon tho llosh sido it will eat into tho hair ot tho hide placed above it and vorv seriously detract from its value. It takes about 1H0 bushels of salt, worth from thirty two to thirty-live cents per bushel, to each puck of GOD hides. When tho hides aro taken out of salt they are well shaken and folded, first double lengthwise, and then wrapped up in four or live folds. In some cases suit ers contract their hides to tanners by the month or year, ami settlements are made at tho end of each month on the basis of tho average rilling prices dur ing that period. It is now, however, becoming customary for them to soil each lot to the tanner or dealer who will pay tho highest tigures at the time of delivery. In some of tlio abattoirs where tho butchers do not do their own salting tho salturs hire tlio pons and make no charge to the slaughterers, but receive the hoofs of all tho animals killed in lieu of olhor compeiuution. In tlio .Jersey City abattoir tho bailors pay S1.U0O per'aiinuin for each pen tiilord ing accommodation for fifteen animals at a time. Shoe und Leather It courier. The Uestorativo Power in Nature. Equally worthy of admiration, and all but equally complex, is tho process by wliioh naturo repairs a fractured limb, especially when tho injury is such that tho broken ends of the bones can not bo brought exactly into tlioir prop er positions. It is remarkable too, how she adapts her process to the dif ferent habits of her' patients. In tho caso of a simple fracture, If the parts that have been disjointed aro set close toL'other in their normal lino, if it bo tho log of a dog, for example, there is lirst a hard sheath called a "callus," formed round tho iraeturo. and this "callus" pei mils a restricted use of j the injured limb, oven belore the two parts have grown togothor. It is, how ever, only a tomporary provision, ne cessitated by tho natural restlessness of tho lower animals. Alter the Iraeturo has completely healed the "callus" gradually disapnears. A Human case is treated dilloronth. Here, unless it be a broken rib (which requires the provision in consequence ot an inces sant motion in respiration), the healing takes placo ordinarily without the form ation of any outer "callus." Some times tlio broken ends cannot bo, or, at all events, aro not, brought into their propor rolativo positions. Is it possible, it nisiv bo asked, that naturo can pro vide the means for mooting such an emorgenev when, that is to say, the two portions of bones to be joined aro all awry, and sometimes quite now in fact, a kind of bridge, and a bridge not nulv unri'inir l.lul nill'DOSO of il Solid connection Getwoon opposite banks, but like tho bridges which carry tho appli ances of niodorii civilization, connect ing tho nerves which answer to the t olograph wires anil tho voins and arte rios corresponding to our water and 0 her conduits has to be constructed ' Nature's engineering is equal oven to tliis task. Omitting anatomical do tails, wo niiiv simply say that sho con struets a new and extraordinary piece of bono, whieh servos to unite the broken ends, tho jaggod anil sharp pro jections of which she carefully rounds off. Hut wo must now take leave of tlyi subject and commend it to the Uioughttul consideration of the reader, a1io will rocognizo in all this tho nun veloub wisdom of our groat Creator. Our Young Headers. WHAT MAKES A REALLY CJIA11M INO CHILD. Ono ttmc I met n llttlo Rlrl Whono fnco was fair to floo; Of till tho prcttv Kirls I know, Tho prettiest fueo hint she. ' A charmlnir llttlo thimr," said T. Aunt I Iiiti mill wisely smiled. " It takes more than a pretty faco To make a charming child." I wondered what .sho meant, Alas! Mv eyes wore opened om. Instead or " such a eliarmhij? child, 1 Hiiiitf it dltleront tunc. Tor she tho lrl with protty fiico Was oi os ad cross could lio, Ami snarl or pout from morn till ii!?ht .Soon disenchanted me. ' You sice, my dear," Aunt Hannah said, " It's not a hands me tiico That makes tho child wo'ro jdad to boo la every time and place: "Not pretty looks alone, my dear, A child must have, to bo A UwUit child. It's what thoy do, 1'ar moio than what wo aec, "That makos thorn lovely In ouroyo3. I've soon a homely lace, Thnamli which it pleasant spirit xhono, All luminous with irinco " The uraeo of plcanut deeds ami words, Without which thoie can ho No really clmrmlinr child, my dear. It's heart, not tace," ald she. Lbrn H. ltufunl, In UMen thiy. HOW SUSY PLANTIM) I1KKSEI.F. " You aro too little, daughter: you must wait till you are a big girl before you can go out evenings." Or "Mo, dear; it is not suitable for lit tle girls! When jou aro older you can have it."' It seemed to poor littlo Susy she was always hearing something like this. Slio was the only child in tho family, and was fond of'trying to do exactly what big folks did. And sho got very tired of being told she was too littlo to do this tiling, or that thing. Papa said, "You aro not quite big enough to ride tlio pony yet, dear." Mamma said, " When you are a littlo taller you can water all tlio plants on tho stand, Susy." Aunty said, " I'd like to take her with mo, but she's so little she'd be tired to death." Grandma said, "That sweetmeat is entirely too rich for tho child; sho ought not to touch it." Susy tried everything she had ever heard of to make little girls grow fast. She was told that going to bed oarly Would do it, and ono bright, summer aftoinoon she went to bed at five o'clock. It seemed about a week to her usual bed-time, and, utter all, when she looked in tho glass in the morning slio could not seo that sho was one bit taller. She had hoped that when sho wont j dowu-stairs her mamma would raise lior hands and say: I "Dearine! I must set the rallies of ' Susy's dresses down; she does grow so j fast." I She had heard that rain and sunshine made the llowcr- grow, and she sat out doors, lir.it in one and then in the other till she name near liavingtho croup and a sunstroke. And still no one over ex claimed, " How that child does grow!" One morning in early summer sho followed her mamma about the garden. "How wonderfully last this orange tree grows! said mamma. "tiOok. Susy, at those fresh shoots; I do believe thoy homegrown three inches since yes terday morning." Susy looked, and a new and delight ful idea came into her mind. Tlio or ange tree was growing in an earthen llowor-pot; that must uo what made it grow so fast. Slio said nothing to mamma, but waited till she gave tho tree a good sprinkling and went into tlio house. Thou Susy ran to- tho root-house and picked out a large llower-pol, which sho placed at tho end of tho back porch stops opposite to which tho orange stood. " I'll be growing tit ono end und tho orange nt tho other," said Susy. With her little spa le sho began digging up the soft oiiith. When she had loosened uo what she thought enough she took oil' her shoos and stockings and stepped into the pot. Hor plump little loot hardly had room enough, but sho crowded them in side by side and shov eled some earth on them. it was very hard work. She came near toppling over several times and then found she had not enough earth dug up, und that she could not dig while standing in the llowor-pot. It was loo bad to disturb her feet, but sho had to got out and then bogin over again. Hy tlio timo that she had tilled in nearly to her knees and putted the earth smooth on the top her poor littlo back was almost broken. Hut sho stood straight up, feeling very proud and happy, und smiled over nt tlio orange tree. "Now,"' she said. "I must wait for mamma to come and sprinkle mo, and then shall begin to grow. Sho will pour water on my foot, too. Hear mo! 1 wish she'd hurry." It was not easy standing there. Hot foot were cramped and aching, and the sun was getting very hot. The orange tree did not seem to mind it at all; its bright, sinning lciues smiled back nt Susv, looking as if they hail lived on .sunshine all their lives and liked it. "If I only lud something to loan against!" said poor Susy. "All tho vines loan against the trellis that's be cause thoy got tired of standing alone 1 wish 1 was near a tiollis but pltuits can't walk. I wish mamma' il como and sprinkle me I know I'd leol better then." She had been planted only about half tin hour, but it seemed like half a day. She wondered how long sho would havo to stay thore before she grow three inches. "1 nwjht sit dowu, I suppose," sho presently said, looking at the slop. "1 never saw plants sitting down, but I know thoy would if tlioir backs ached f like mine." Slio almost toppled over in trying it, but at last managed to seat herself and rest her tired little head on the step next above. More than an hour lattor, mamma began to wonder what kept Susy so long, and went into the garden to see. "Why, Susy!" sho cried, as slio saw her, "what in the world are you doing, pet?" Susy rubbed hor sleepy eyes and looked around. Then slio was wide awake in a minute, and got herself straight up again as quickly as sho could. "I'm 'rowing, mamma! Look, am I any bigger yet? Am I three inches bigger?" Alumina, laughed till Susy's head wilted away down. "Come, daughter," she said, "take your dear littlo teot out of that earth; you'll catch cold." "But 1 want to grow, mamma. I'm going to be a plant, and 1 want you to sprinkle mo." " I think you will find it nicor to be a littlo girl, Susy and let God niako you grow in His own waj. It's time to got ready for dinner, dear." "I'd like to stay hero a littlo longer, please, mamma. Couldn't you lot Nora bring me something to eat?" "Why, Susy, plants never get any thing to eat but water aim sunshine and earth, you know." Susy hud never thought of this. Sho wus hungry. She hud had quite enough sunshine already, and thought water would make a very noor dinner. She sat down on tlio stop, and, giving her feet u jerk, wus u littlo girl again in a momont, anu followed her mamma to tho bath-room. 1 'ottth's Companion. Selllsh and Unselllslu Did you over think that a person may be very sollish and very unselfish at tho same time? Ethel is very fond of mak ing presents to her friends. If Kdith or Nannie admires a work-box, a book, or a pencil of hers, it is at her service Slio delights to surprise her school mates with littlo gifts, and olten Alattio linds a bunch of violets on her desk, which have conic from Ethel's conserv atory, or a great golden orange is added to Sadie's luncheon, and it is sure to havo been brought Ethel's I'licle Tom. kind thoughts, and generous us possible cost hor nothing. from Florida by Ethel is full of is as liberal and with tilings that Hut still 1 do not regard her as unselfish, and I will toll you why. She is not the least bit obliging. If sho is seated in hor littlo rocker by tho south window, and mamma or auntie conies in, ovr so tired, it does not occur to Ethel to oiler her chair, that cither of the ladies may rest. Indeed.j if you hint it to her, she shakes her head and says: "There are plenty ot chairs in the room; why should Iivo up miuo?" Not long since Cousin Polly and littlo Agnes Lee arrived unexpect edly, and as there were other guests in tho house, mamma was 'compelled to ask Ethel to give up her pretty room, and sleep for the night with her younger sister. Would ou believe it, Ethel wus so vexed that she pouted and sulked in i Cousin Polly's taec, would take no no tice of the child, and luially cried her self to sleep? Not ono ol tho family , ever dreams of asking Kthol to run up I stairs or down on an errand, to mend - ripped glove, to carry a message, or to j do tlio slightest thing which will put her out of her usual wav. The know that she is not an obliging girl, and, i strangely enough, the very school j mates who accept her flowers and I oranges, are much more fond of Mary Ann, a plain, dumpy little bodv, who ' never has anything to give away, but I who is always greeting everybody with kind looks und words, und who, wher ever she goes, is helping along. Har per's louny I'eople. A Theater !J00 Years Old. The director of the excavations at Epidaurus reports that ho is uncirthiug a theater in the forest of Asklopios whicli is, with ono except ion, the larg est of all yet found in Gieoce which be long to antiquity. It is said to be a masterpiece ot the architect and sculp tor Polyelolus. and there is every rea son to believe that it is so, since Pau sanius mentions l'ohcletusus the great est architect of his ago and tho builder of tlio Epidaurian Theater, liner than any in Homo or any other in Greece, it is, therefore, nearly twenty-four hun dred j ear sold. The Arch eologieal So eioty at Athens will also soon set about the oxeavation of tlio Temple of Ceies, having purchased the ground whicli covers it at Elousis. There has been a brisk demand for oyster shells at New Haven, Conn., lately for uso in tho oyster-beds, as the spawn adheres to them readily after being bleached on the land. They havo become so indispensable that largo quantities tiro boing brought trom Rhode Island, where they once threatened to cover up tho Stato, and the price in Providenco has risen trom live to -even cents por bushel. The accumulation of shells around New Haven was formerly used to make roads, the "sholl roads" being celebrated tor their hard, smooth surface. Hut no more will bo made with shells in such demand as at pres ont. Healers think that noxt year thoy will havo to bring shells from Haiti more. A copy of ono of Dickons' oarliost and rarest books, "Three Ways of Spending Sunday, by Timothy Sparks," was sold the other day In Manchester, Eng,, for about thhiy dollari. A