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About Nebraska advertiser. (Brownville, Nemaha County, N.T. [Neb.]) 1856-1882 | View Entire Issue (April 14, 1881)
TiriC ADVHRTIKE'll. J. U PAIKHUOTItfUC A' '0. f'HJihm nml Vnqrittma TI1K AUK OF 1NN00HNCH. Drear worn tint world without n child, Where happy Infant never mulled, Nornllrred u motliei'H lovo. Wij Hooner roiild tliu HoweretH Hpiiro, The lender hud mid liloMotn fulr, Or titeiilh ol MprliiK-llnie In the nlr, Or Unlit of ditwn aliovttl No nioiiiireh rules with loiilllur grace 'J Iiiiii holplexH Infiiiiey, IIh place Hoon narrowed to a npaii; OutMt retching hamls Hint claim as rltit All thing that loom upon tho Mght, And iccklng naught of greater illicit Tliul will tlliumwii tho man. Oh, llttie king! Oh, little iieoul Vou i ule not with the golilcn hIicoii And ponipol I irgfrcntiilH; Hut Hoveielmi Is your gontliiHway, Huong lieartH their willing homage pay, I.ovofcatteWKarliindHon your way, Whom your joung lite dlHportu. No poet utteiH dllllltler word '1 linn olt from INplng lli Is heard No wit iiiiiiih puier mirth: In in i t ii lo Mttlre Imlii'H giow hold. And (imliil tuirprlfii'ittrioy unfold, Ah II rot their untaught oven hehold 'I ho wondrous hIiowh of earth, William Slcvcv. FKMAIii: OFFICIALS. 'I'll n Kineloyinciil of Wuim-ii In Govern turn I Nfn l't". To howgro.it an osteiiL are women of various classes qualified to under take tho responsibilities attached lo ollleos undur Government? Tins quos tioit may bo best answered tiftot u con sideration of facts bearing on the subject gathered from dill'crcul countries wlioro the services of womuu liavo been employed by tlio State. In Switzerland tlio Administration employs women in the Postal and in tlio Telegraph Departments. In fact, tliuro tiro no greater dillloultios for women to eneoiintor in obtaining ap poinlmentH in Unit Republic tliim for men. Preliminary inquiries are made its to charuutcr and lieallli; tlio.se who have replied satisfactorily to these in quiries then pass an educational exam hmtion. In Switzerland it would bo considered quite becoming were tho daughter of a Director-General or of a Minister to take ollleo as a clerk. The distinctions of class are maintained. Experience has proved that, in cases whore the stall' is composed partly of women, of men and of bos, the inllu ence of women has n benelieial elVeet on their associates in olliolal work. Tho women nniv marry, but if absent from their duties tliey have to pay for the services of a suitable substi tute. The Swiss Administration lias had cause to congratulate the country on the satisfactory manner in which (lie women it. employs havo performed their duties. Tito Austrian Government formerly permitted the widows of postmasters to xiioeuuill'holr husbands. About ten years since it was enacted that men named by the postal authorities should take tho active management of those olllccs, while tlio widow provided means of transport. At that time horsoswore used to carry tho mail-bags. When the authorities availed themselves of tlio facilities ollored by railroads, a lixod mini was given to tho widows, on con sideratiou of their using tho railways for tho conveyance of letters. Siuco 18711, ladies havo been employed in Austria in minor functions, such as the sale of stamps, registration of lot tors, and so forth. Eighty ladies aro employed at post-olllees in Vienna in services of this character. In tho rural districts of Lower Austria, where there aro, say, seven hundred post-olllcos, about one hundred and lifty of these aro intrusted to Indies, who carry out t Urn service independently and with 1 the thought occurred to Sir John Tilloy, promptitude. Nominations aro given K. C. B., then Secretary, that tlio clovlc by tlio Directors of tho post olllees, of , ships in tho Post-ollico Savings-Hunk which Ihcru aro eleven in Austria, .11 tho principal towns of each country of principal towns of each country of Empire. Persons of inlluence Ire- the quontly endeavor to obtain thoso places lor ltul.es in whom they aro interested. They aro not open to public competi tion. Inquiries aro made as to tho an tecedents and maunerof life of the can- didates through tho medium of the po- lice; nevertheless it sometimes happens that tho person nominated comes under tlio classification of females rather than ladies. Spouking generally, tho employ ment of women in Austria, particularly in tho country, may lie considered sat isfactory; tlioy are, for the most part, remarkable for attention and applica tion to their duties. In order to obtain these appointments, candidates must' puss an examination of moderate dilli oulty. Tliey receive 0110 llorin Austrian money 11 day. Those who obtain places as postmistresses or assist-mt agents havo to kike an oath, like any other functionary of the State. Thov must not bo under eighteen, and while hold ing such appointments tliev cannot many. Their position in society is not nlVectod by their occupying posts under Government. Ladies aro also employed in tlio Telegraphic Departments, and tlioy can marry. In Italy, Indies work in tho telograpli galleries; they aro expected to puss an educational test. Tlioy mix in .society, and their social status is not compro mised by tlio character of their occupa tion. Occuf'ontilly, indeed, these ladies belong to patrician houses, but this is rarely tho case. Tliey aro not allowed to marry. The Government of Russia employs Indies; but, as in Italy, only in tlio tele graph galleries. These ladies are usu ally related to oflielalB in tlio service of tho State. Tliey must bo acquainted with four languages. They are well lecoivod in fcooloty. Sometimes nomi nations aro given by inlluontial por tons. In Germany tho employment of women has not met with the success which 1ms attended efforts in Unit di rection in other countries. Tho cattso of tliis may. perhaps ho found when we recollect that Gorman women are essentially good housewives, much of their attention being usually bestowed on what wo may call the domestic hoionco of cooking, plying the busy needle, and ministering themselves to the comforts of home. In fact, they study domestic economy in the most practical manner. In the Netherlands ladies are now employed as clerks in tho post-ollioo, ami also in the rapacity of assistants. Tlio system of open competition has been introduced; but we have no data by which to judge of the results. The Belgian (Jovornmont has shown u disposition to try the experiment of giving ollicial occupation to women. Many women of the bourgeoise class, not ladies, tire employed in small post olliccs and as telegraphists. At Nnntur an attempt has been made to employ women as clerks. They are nominated by inllucntial persons. It is too early to speak with confidence us to the re sults. Tlio French Government employs ( women in various departments of the , cuaic. j no j'liiuiieiai ministry avaus itself of their services in tlio " Bureau do Talmo." Those posts are given by nomination to the widows and daugh ters of military men, magistrates and otlicials. Tlio 'Hank of France employs women in tlio brunches of classification and control. In the Educational De partment they act as tjaehers, and as superintendents of infant schools. Women tiro employed by tho post-ollico as receivers; in tho central adiiilnistrn- Hon as accountants, in tlio registration, and in minor occupations. Candidates gll iq 1WI llll UIMICIUMIIlIll U.MllllllllllHJII. J'hoy have lo bo provided with testi monials as to character by the Mayors of their respective places of residence, or by a police .superintendent. Women employed by the French Government nmy marry, but if tliev do so while 1111- ..... .... r.... .... ...!...... :......! .. ...:.....in.. i ingotllcial positions they must notify , tlie.r intentions to tlioGoveniment. In- lllllU.- 1UU JIlSllllllUU 113 IU II1U Ull.UUU I tor and circumstances of the intended husband, ami the requisite authoria- ' is only granted if tlio information proves satisfactory. Tlio position in tiie social world of women thus employed depends ' on their fnmilv, their education, and a variety of othor circumstances; but, i generally speaking, those occupying tlio ' higher posts in ollicial life meet with consideration in society. j Tho English Government has em ployed women as telegraphists since January, 1870. Nominations to com- I poto are given by tho Postmaster-Gen- ' oral; the limits of ago are 'not under ' fourteen or over eighteen." They re ceive eight shillings a week; and they work eight hours a day between the hours ot eight a. m ami eight p. m. They formerly worked in separate gal leries, but it was found dcsmiblo to place thorn in the same galleries as tho men and boys, and their society and mutual inlluence lias been productive of benelieial results. Tlio lomnlo teleg raphists belong to tho class from which assistants behind the counters of shops aro recruited; those posts, however, aro open to women of all grades. Great accuracy, general intelligence and quickness are required for tlio work, 1 which is, as a rule, satisfactorily accom I .- .. . pllshcd. It is deemed inexpedient to emplov females in night work. At tlio present time nine hundred and sixty- eight female telegraphists aro employed y v-iovornmeni m Komiou, r.iimmirg I 1 1 I 41 1 e and Dublin. A largo number of women of tlio same class aro employed as ! counter-women and returners of unde livered letters. Tlio.se situations are all most eagerly sought for. years sometimes imss boforo candidates ob- tain anoointinonts. In tlio vear 187.0 might be filled by gentlewomen of lim Hod moans, daughters of ollicors in tlio itoil moans navy and 11 army, ot civil ollicors ot the Crown, of those engaged in tho clerical, legal and medical professions, of liter ary men and artists. Nominations to compote were given bv tlio late Postmaster-General. Lord 1 John Manners, who took great interest in tho plan. I ho ladies who received nominations had to pass a competitive examination by tho Civil-Service Com mission for the limited number of ap pointments to bo filled up. Tho nomi nations wore given, as far as possible, to gentlewomen of the class for whom they were intended, it being felt that, in tlio existing constitution of society, ladies are practically excluded front mauv occupations which women of the middle class and of lowor social station enter as a matter of course. Candidates under seventeen or above twenty years of ago aro ineligible. The numerous applications for nomination prove how the opportunity is valued. The appoint ments made (us wo have said) uy com- ' petit ivo examination among the nomi nntod candidates are only confirmed after a,six 1110111113' satisfactory proba tion. "The ladies lir.it appointed 011 tored on this footing, and had to loarn thoir duties from experienced ollicors of tlio stuff, who had thus tlio opportunity of tobting tlioirabillties. ltwussololy on tlio ground of merit, as testified by these gentlemen, that the branch was organized, in 1870, into two class es, with two or throe principal clerks, and a lady superintendent, who holds the position ot a stall' otlicer. Since then, also, ail promotions have been made by merit. Thoso best qualified to judge pronounce tlio experiment to havo boon a decided success; a success, in fact, beyond tho most sanguine anticipations. Tlio public has been well borved by ladies, to whom tho work lias furnished an honorable inde pendence at least in part, si. qualifica tion which wo will presently explain. The oyidonco of sueceos rests on 110 mcro rumor or opinion, nor even on the testimony which has been emphatically given in the Postmaster-General's re ports. Had tho ladies proved unequal to their duties, or had the experiment worked badly in other ways, tlio femalo stall would before now havo been broken up or loft to await gradual ex tinction. Nothing but a well-proved, practical success could explain or justify tlio steady annual increase of tlio stall' front tho original little band of thirty to tho present number of one hundred and thirty. Hut tlio result of the experiment can not bo fairly judged till it is tried by another test the nature of the work I performed. Perhaps it is merely me chanical, such as could bo equally well i done by 'writers" or "boy-clerks," j and the ladies are in tho unenviable po I sition of being supplied with work i rather for their necessities than for any j worthy services they can render. Tho fact is directly opposite, and furnishes I another argument against tlio mental inferiority of women. The work which I they perform in the Savings-Bauk Do- partment is of tho sumo character as tlinL of tho male stall; and they havo performed it in such a manner that dti- ties of greater importance havo been from time to time intrusted to thorn. It would bo out of place hero, even if wo had tho necessary information, to attempt to describe these duties; but wo bollevo wo tiro quite sao in this broad comparison: That tlio work per formed by tlio principal clerks and by tlio first amlBcoond classes of tho ladies' branch is at least equal in character and quantity, in promptness and accu racy ot porlormanoo tothatof tlio iirst, second and third classes o' tho male staff respectively. - While Sir John Tilloy, with tho cordial cooperation of Lord John Man ners, was introducing tho system of lady-clerkships in tho post-ollico, ho was informed by Mr. Uarbern, late of tlio Prudential Life-Insurance Ollico, I that he had introduced into that ollico ft 8illlillir sysltjnii llflor n v sIt h(J p:iUl l0 lhu TrojlsHry itl Washington in 1870, whore he saw ladies othciating as clerks. Thoso ladies were tlio widows and daughters of ollicors wiio had died in tlio service of their country, or who had filled high oilices in tho Civil Ser vice. They wore received by the Pres ident at tho White House, and were welcomed in the best society. Tlio American Republic and the Republic of Switzerland have thus provided em ployment for ladies in tlio manner essayed by monarchical England; and from consideration of tlio facts bearing on the employment of women by Gov ernment in various countries, it would appear that success lias attended otforls of tho kind in noarly every in stance. Chicago Tribune. Cremation. Tho Cremation 'Soaioty of tlio Oity of Merlin, Germany, lias published its an nual report for the year 1880, from which it appears that tiie number of members increased from thirty-three to 107, and that lo applications for mem bership aro coining in fast. Tlio report also states that it is not merely the ob ject of the Society to cremate human bodies, but also to prevent tho dreadful danger of burying persons alive. Sci- . .--. . . .-. w - ., entitle authorities, as well as practicing physicians, have proven the lact that there is but one positively certain sign that death 1ms occurred, and that is general decomposition of tlio body; all other si'Mis aro. f. . without any exception. very problematical, and no nosolutc re liance can lie placed on them. In stances are on record where people in a state of trance did not awake even when thoir skins were burned with red hot iron rods, if tho pulse is entirely imperceptible, if breathing lias appa rently ceased altogether oven to the ex amining physician, if the limbs are still and cold, if tho opening of a voin draws no blood still these signs are not sure and reliable proof of duath, and tho possibility still exists that tho patient is lying in a trance. Tho indications of gen eral decomposition do not appear on many corpses until long after tlio legal limit of three days, which the body must bo kept after death, lias expired. Front .scientific sources wo know that, in the course of twenty-live years, there were W10 cases of trance discovered in Amsterdam; in Hamburg, 107 in live yearn; 111 ixcw lorK, six out 01 i,'uu (half per cent.) were found in a trance; tho Humane Society in Loudon lias dur ing twenty-two years restored ;t, ITfi persons who were in a trance to life. Dr. Honliier. of Paris, mentions lilty three instances during his practice in that city whore tho bodies showed signs of returning lite while they were in thoir collins. Tlio remains in lift-two Collins dug up in two condemned nnd abandoned graveyards inside Clio limits of the City of Paris showed unmistaka ble signs of having been buried alive. Tilts lact becomes evident when the remains in the collin aro found in a position which demonstrates tlio des perate oxortions made to gain freedom I trout the terrible imnrisminioiit. If tho figures in tho case of New York above mentioned are applied to Germany thoro would bo about 151 persons buried alive annually in that country. Chicago Tribune. Mrs. John Drew is quoted as say ing that on the stage " peoplo are very well tmld and very careful of what tlioy do, and none of thoso marvelous ly funny, queer things happen that happened forty or lilty years ago. There is, i think, ratlierless genius on tho stage, but there is more good con duct. Thoo men who used to bo vory funny ami very erratic who used to get intoxicated hero and get intoxicutod there, and of whom people thought how clever they would be if tlioy did not drink scarcely anybody of that character is on the st:o at all now." Our Yoims: Headers. i I.ITTIii: IIKTKEY. 'Is our little Betsey hero?" said Mr. Hathaway, putting his cold-purpled noso into the door of the Chaso larni-housc. It was a bittor cold night in Decem ber, with snow lying deep on tho ground, a fro.en wind howling through the forest ami a lire built as high as they could pile the logs on the old iron lire dogs. And tlio farmer and his wife were roasting apples and cracking nuts on tlio hearth with tlio children, while a pitcher of cold, sparkling cider and a jilato of home-made ginger-bread was on the table. Charley and little Hell sat side by side on tho big settee, in tho very deep est angle of the chimney, where, by looking straight up, they could see tho stars shining 111 tho sky overhead, and watch the sparks go careering madly up tho wide throat of tho chimney. 'Johnny was on his knees, with tho hammer, cracking away at the butter nuts and h'ekory-nuts, and Itosa' was reading by tiie light of the shaded lamp. "Your little Betsey?" said Mr. Chase, tho farmer. "No; certainly not! Come in and warm yourself, Mr. Hathaway. Isn't she over at her grandfather's?" "No, she isn't," said Mr. Hathaway, with a perturbed face. "She went away at three o'clock, and her mother supposed she was only gone to tho saw mill to play with Minnie Locke. Hiit wo've seen nor heard nothing of her since, and nobody seems to know where sho is. No, Mr. Chase thank'oo kindly all the same but 1 couldn't sit down nor rest until I know wlioro my little gal is, this freezing winter night." "You don't think she's lost?" said Mrs. Chase, involuntarily shuddering as she clasped little Hell closer in Iter nrtus. Mr. Clta.se got up " Wife, whore's my big, shaggy over coat?" said he. "I'm not going to sit hero, warming my feet at the lire, when my neighbor's little one is in danger of freezing to death. Get 1110 tho lantern, Johnny." "Father!" cried Johnny, "can't 1 go and look for little Betsey, too?" For Mrs. Ilathaway's " little Betsey" was a universal favorite in the neigh borhood. A curly-headed, blue-eyed little elf of four years, who was alwavs begging for fairy-stories, ginger-cookies and llow ers, who wanderedupand down in sum mertime, with lior sun-bonnet hanging down her back, and rode down hill on tho boys' sleds in winter, with a fur edged hood tied tight around her bloom ing face little Betsey was everybody's pet. Sho had u little difference of opinion with her mother that afternoon, it seemed, alio Had been sitting up at tlio table, eating bread and butter and apple-jelly. " Mo want some more jelly, mamma," said Hetscy, at last. "Yon have had enough," said Mrs. Hathaway. "Mo luill have some more," said Bet- soy. "No, my dear, you will not," said the mother, who sometimes found it necessary to govern tho little willful creature with a firm vet gentle hand. "Then nie'll run away!" said Betsey, defiantly. Mrs. Hathaway smiled a little at the throat. Botsev often "ran away," but she had never as yet gone further than tlio steam saw-mill at the foot of tlio hill, wlioro little Minnie Locke, a child of her own age, had a whole colony of dolls, made out of corn-cobs dressed up, and wooden blocks, with oyos, mouths and noses, marked with shoe-blacking, on thoir faces. She never even looked around when Betsey stood on a three-legged stool to reach down tlio scarlet hood, with tlie edging of gray fur around the face, and trudged oil", with her little noso btuck up in the air. "She will bo back long before sup per," the mother said to herself. But supper-time came, and no little Botsev, ami tho darkness sculcd dreari ly over the many hill.sandfiw.cn woods, and then tlioy became frightened, and Mr. Hathaway went in 0110 direction and Peter, the hired man, in another, and Mrs. Locke, of the mill, came to stay with tlio terrified mother until news, either good or bad, should arrive of tho lost child. "The worst of it all is." said Mr. Hnthnwav, "that sho may have strayed oil" into tho woods and lost her way. And sho's such a little mite of a thing and tho snow so deep, and drifted all about by tho wind and if she should drop down anywhere for n minute to ro-.t, there's that dreadful drowsiness that comes with cold. And 1 shall nev er see my poor little darling again!" " Keep up a brave heart, Neighbor Hathaway," said Mr. Chase, although there were tears in bin own eves. " Nover despair. We'll find the little lass yet, God willing." "And Hunter Gabriel was tolling, only last week, of a savago bear that was lurking somewhere among the llattlosnuko Bocks!" said Mr. Hatha way, with ti troubled voice. " And ev ery ono knows how daring a bear will become when thoro is snow on tho ground." lliey tried to comfort tho poor, panic stricken father as best thov could but f" r. ......1 nui lvs ue!'1 Ul0) coimi uul to no avail Tho country thereabouts was wild and desolate, with lioro and there a farm-house, or a little settlement of buildings, and wide, wild stretches of forests around, where foxes and wolves crept about, panthers howled at night, anil bears weio shot every little while. And if one of thoso savage creatures were to encounter littlo Betsey, mak- ing her bewildered way through tho woods! Oh, it made Mr. Ilathaway's blood curdle to think of what would bo her fate! Tho neighbors .separated into little bands, cacli taking some particular route, with lanterns and sticks, to search for the lost child; and Farmer Chaso went with Mr. Hathaway into tlio "Rattlesnake Woods," so celled from tho fact that years ago those ven omous reptiles made their nests among tlio wild masses of rocks which were piled together in fantastic shapes in these woods. It was a lonely place, upon the sido of a mountain, wlioro people so'doni cared to go, but it could be reached by a foot path from the mill, and Mr. Hathaway kno wtliatlittlcHetsey had alwaj s longed to stray into tho wildernesses and look into tho mysterious caverns among tJte rooks. " Perhaps there aro fairies living there," little Betsey hud said, solemnly; "or dear little squirrels or raccoons. I should like a raccoon to makeapetof." Before tlioy hail gone vory far. tlioy came to the marks of tiny footsteps, ob literated hero and thoro by tho drifting snow which had piled itself over them. Witli a cry of joy tlioy followed up the clue, which, failing thorn ever and anon, was still pretty steady, curving its way hero and there, around the trunks of huge trees, and ovor piles of jagged rocks, until suddenly it stopped at the mouth of a black and j awning aperture in the rocks, when! a'littlobil of Betbey's scarlet hood fluttered ou a brambly, low-growing bush. Tlio two mon stopped and lookod at each other, with pale faces. "She is there. nr said Mr. Hathawt.y, hoarsely. "Give mo the lantern. I will follow her." "Stop," said Farmer Chaso; " the opening is so low and narrow that you cannot pass. " Wherever my little ono has gone," exclaimed tlio bereaved father, "I will go, also." But as ho was snatching the lantern away Farmer Chase pointed to some thing wedged up against tho sido.of the jagged rocks- a whitening bone. "Man.'aroyou mad?" ho cried. "As sure tis you are alive thai is tho den of the very bear thai Hunter Gabriel saw!" " All tho more reason that I should follow my little Betsey," persisted Mr. Hathaway, resolutely. "Let me fire into it, first," said Farmer Chase. "If the creature should bo there " But Mr. Hathaway struck the barrel of tho gun aside. "And suppose little Betsey should be there, also!""lio exclaimed, gasping for breath. But the gun went olF with a prodig ious report, which echoed among tho hills and rocks. The trigger hail struck against a branch of a tree, thus producing tho very signal upon which tliey had agreed 111 ciie ljulo Butsoy should bo found alivo and well. Aifd boforo tlio echoes had ceased to boom back and forth there came tlio sound of a shrill, childish cry inside: "Papa! Papa!" And then, also, there was a low, mullled sound like the growling of sonic animal. Flinging himself on his chest, and pushing the lantern in front of him, Mr. Hathaway niailo his way into tlte lair of tlio wild beast. It wasoulyfora short distance that it was so narrow, and then it became a rocky chamber of considerable size, withits uneven floor strewn with dry vines, and two young cubs crouching in tlio corner, while little Betsey was coiled up between them, her yellow curls mingling with tlte reddish-brown of their fur. "Little Betsey!" cried Mr. Hatha way, in a breathless pause. " How on earth came you hero.-'" " It was so cold and dark," said lit tle Botsoy, simply; "audi crawled in to get warm, and I hugged up against the dear little henries, and we have all been asleep together. Papa," can't I take ono ot 'em homo with me?" Mr. Hathaway, as can easily bo imagined, lost no timo in rescuing his little darling out of the hideous cavern, with its strange companionship of wild beasts, who were, luckily, too yotui" to harm tiie confiding child who hail invaded thoir haunt; and, as they car ried her down the mountain-side, wrapped in tlio shawls which Farmer Chase had brought, they met Hunter Gabriel sliding' over tlio snow, witii something thrown over his shoulder. He said: Have you found your child?" "Yes joyfully. -yes!" they both answered, " So have found something," said he, displaying tho head and claws of n huge wild animal. "1 found this bear on Rooky Peak, and Pvo killed her." It was tlio very she-bear in whoso den little Botsoy had sought refuge, and if it had not been for Hunter Ga briel's trusty knife, little Betsey's bones would soon havo ininglod with tho rest that strewed the cavern floor. So little Botsoy Hathaway was found toward midnight of that bittor Decem ber night. " I didn't mean to liro oft" that signal gun," said Farmer Chaso, with a chuckle; "but it was all right, after all, wasn't it?" Golilen Dags. Boston is going to mnko an attempt 10 gci pure miiK. a dairy company is ' uu ur" wan ciu.uuu capital, that jinny bo increased to S.SOO.oon. Tt i- . u. r .....1 . .!. t-i--. ..v t. . 1 - , , . . . . . v iroposod to furnish tho Uuid from head. quarters in sealed cans that cannot bo tampered with. A school teacher in Sussex County, Del., is said I o havo married his aunt. l'ho couple are about the same a"e neither being much beyond twenty-one! George Eliot left $200,000, i I !sr m t d i