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THE ADTEKTISEK.
G. W. FAIRBROTHER & CO., Pcbushkrs.
BROWNVILLE,
NEBRASKA
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SO IT hUODLD BE.
From 'Wrt Hoy," ly aJFanrer.
Through all tl c changing seasons
My pride is and has been
To keep thee cool when suns are hot,
And warm when nights are keen ; '
Uend down to mike thy harden mine,
Or lend my c4oak to the,
In summer or in winter;
For bo should it be.
I plough the stifT, tough fallow,
And toM, an 1 moll, and so;
You peer for nests through black thorn boughs,
And where first roses blow,
'11 do the work, you do the pla.
Then home at eve with me :
warm hand is a cold one;
For so sho-i I it be.
I'll mow in scnrching summer,
Red hot throughout the day,
And you shall strew the swathes about
And nestle in the hay.
Or prate bcide the prattling brook,
Sharing my era st with me;
A cool cheek by :i hot one:
And so should it be.
My steady strokes In autumn
Shall ft-ll the rattling grain,
Anlyou'hall tumble down the sho:ks,
Nor set one up again.
I'll 6tore red apples like jour cheeks,
And give the best to thee,
From a tired hand to a fresh one;
For so sh -uld it be.
In winter, when the threshing
Is finished oi fe floor, r
And all work done that I could do,
And wood In ught home to store,
I pass from field, and barn, and fire,
Sown, stored, and lit for thee,
Tour wsrm hand in my cold one;
And so should it be.
WASTED ENERGY.
The American Tendency to Overwork and
Overworry.
From the Kew York Times.
The Americans generally are without
question llie most nervous race in civili
zation. Their nervousness, using the
word in its modern &ense, is due to va
rious causes, mainly, as we think, to
their form of government, their ever-
changing circumstances, their strong
sense of individual responsibility, their
inborn anxiety, the extremes of their
climate, and highly electric condition of
their atmosphere. It is usually re
prosed, particularly by the men; but is
visible in the thin visage, the intense
manner, the pale complexion, the wist
ful nil that commonly denote the na
tional stock. Onp of its misfortunes is
a tendency to overdo, the employment
of a icdundant mentality, a dispropor
tion of means to end, a waste, in brief,
of vital power. "What the Americans
need for their lustier health, their lon
ger preservation, and their increased
contentment, is conservatism of intellec
tual and nervous force.
"We like to consider ourselves a great
P"opp, and we have cause for such be
lief. But we should be greater, certain
ly happier, if we should not so continu
ally overload our spiritual guns, and
besides killing our game, get hurt by
their recoil. We use as much ammuni
tion for the extinction of a plover as for
bringing down a deer or a bear, and in
actual battle, which is, with most of us,
the mere effort to live, we march fur
ther, light harder, and empty our car
tridge boxes oftener than there is any
need. The obstacles in our path,
whether material or immaterial, are sel
dom so great or so many as we imag
ine; but we drive at them at such a rate
as gives a certain shock from our su
perfluous impetus.
Wo are far more prone to this dissipa
tion of force in small than in great
things, which by the fact of their great
ness, inspire a moderation and reserve
that are ordinarily unheeded. Great
tilings, indeed, are unusual, and will
provide for themselves by the tranquil
izing influence they exercise, and the
adrquacy they are like to lend to the
occasion. But for little things, with
which everyday life abounds, there is no
mental preparation, no prearrangement,
no provision; consequently, the average
American allows his intensity full sway
in dealing with them and expends his
ounce of strength on a pennyweight of
requirement
Waste of nervous force is not confined
to any age, condition, or calling here.
It begins with the cradle, and ends only
with the grave. Even our babies cry
louder and longer than they need to for
any effect they may wish to produce.
'J hey hold their breath in their resolve
to alarm their mothers many more sec
onds than their bur t of temper de
mands. When they oreak their toys,
t hey break them altogether beyond the
degree of demolition vhere repairment
is possible, line chile: is lather to the
man. In a figurative sense, he cries
louder, holds his breath longer, breaks
his toys more energetically at and after
maturity than the circumstances call
for, and he seldom learns the fact
In walks of employment, in all the de
partments of activity, the excess of en
deavor continues and slowly saps the
sources of existence. The "accountant
takes his cash-book and ledger to seri
ously; the salesman man makes his
sales at too high a price for himself; the
merchant pores too intently over his bal
ance sheet; the banker worries at the
neglected opportunity for profit; the
lawyer over-charges his case; the phy
sician frets about t e patient he has lost
by strict obedience to his theory of treat
ment; the clergyman regrets that last
year's sermons were not different; the
author laments the unripeness of a
former publication. And all of this is
waste, deall waste, and in the long run
tells seriously upon the waster.
The republic is a prodigal land." Na
ture and fortune have ordered it and its
belongings on a big scale. It is so
bounteously supplied, it has so many
resources, that the disposition of its cit
izens may partake of its munificence in
voluntarily. They scarcely believe
themselves mortal; they are as careless
of their health as their mc s; they
run to extremes in every thi . J the
present shows weakness th.-v sn on
the future. If they are Co -It led in
fmrse or overcome with il.: vs3, they
earu no lesson from experh uce. They
count it merely a mishap, which no
amount of prudence would have pre
vented, and depend upon new chances
for restoration.
In the old world they are apt to think
a Di3n must hold on to his possessions,
wha'oVer they may be; but in the new
v-o ran afford to expend physical and
pecutuary substance; for what we have
not to-day will be sure to come to-morrow.
It is- vain to advise them to go
slow, to declare that the' are paying
more than is due, that they may yet
want what they throwawavcontinuaily.
When they would be glad to retrace
their steps", to undo what has been, it is
usually too late. And were "it not too
late, it is doubtful if they would be wil
iing to consult prudence and .follow wis
dom. American women are more reckless Of
health and strength than American men
are. They are, as a rule, bundles of
nerves which lie so near the surface as
to be touched by every occurrence, and
which are so sensitive as to vibrate to
every emotion. Their waste of nervous
force is painful to contemplate, for every
student of humanity knows that it'musf
bo requited. Whether they talk or write,
stay at home or travel, enjoy or suffer,
they feel and show an intensity which
is absurdly superfluous. They expend
force enough in a day to last them a
week; they make trifles momentous;
they throb and thrill over insignificance.
Always keyed up to concert pitch, they
cannot be toned down without seeming
to themselves insipid and commonplace.
Most of their feelings are raptures;
their views are ever fervid and high
colored; they revel in superlatives and
hunger for new ones; they soar in the
zenith nd cherish still loftier aspira
tions. Everything is possible to them
but repose. Their streams swell into
torrents; their warmth is a raging
flame; their opinion is a passionate
prejudice. The nervous force they
waste in a daily round of uneventfulness
might, if properly directed, win a battle.
No wonder that nervous prostration is
one of our most prolific diseases. Itin
crcases constantly, and its increment
may in due time teach moderation. If
our material resources are inexhaustible,
our bodies and bnins are not. Nature
is giving us warning that we must
moderate the headlong pace that ends
early at the madhouse or the grave.
How a Woman Reads a Newspaper.
According to Mrs. Gertrude Garrison
this is how she does it: "She take3 it
up hurriedly and begins to scan it over
rapidly, as" though she was hunting
some particular thing, but she is not.
She is merely taking in the obscure par
agraphs, which, she believes were put
in the out-of-the-way places for the sake
of keeping her from seeing them. As
she finishes each one her countenance
brightens with the comfoi table reflec
tion that she has outwitted the editor
and the whole race of men, for she
cherishes a vague belief that newspapers
are the-enemies of her sex, and editors
her chief oppressors. She never reads
the head-lines, and the huge telegraph
heads she never sees. She is greedy for
local news, and devours it with the
keenest relish. Marriages and deaths
are always interesting reading to her,
and advertisments are exciting and stim
ulating. She cares but little for printed
jokes unless they reflect ridicule upon
the men, and then she delights in them
and never forgets them. She pays par
ticulur attention to anything enclosed
in quotation marks, and considers it
rat'ier better authority than anything
nrst-handed. The columns in which the
editor airs his. opinion in leaded hifalu
tin, she rarely reads. Views are of no
importance in her estimation, but facts
are everything. She generally reads the
poetry. She doesn't always care for
it, but makes a practice of readingit be
cause she thinks she ought to. She
reads stories, and sketches, and para
graphs indiscriminately.and believes ev
ery word of them. Finally, after she
has read all she intends to, she lays the
paper down with an air of disappoint
ment, and a half-contemptuous gesture,
which says very plainly that she,thinks
all newspapers miserable failures, but is
ceitain that if she had a chance she
could make the only perfect newspa
per the world had ever seen."
Anecdote of the Earl of Cardigan.
Dundee News.
The late earl of Cardigan, the same
gallant nobleman who lea the mad and
ever memorable charge at Balaclava,
was once riding in all the splendor of
his uniform, as colonel of the 10th Hus
sars, in the streets rf Brighton, where
his regiment was then quartered. As
his lordship turned the corner of a
street leading to the Steine, the stalwart
driver of a great wagon was ordered to
move a little on one side, as the street
was narr w. The big-boned driver re
sponded with a grin, and scooping up a
handful of dirt, threw it at the horse
man, bespattering his brilliant gold
bullion, laces, tags, frogs and filagree,
and all the pride, pomp, and circum
stance of glorious war. Whereupon the
earl of Cardigan instantly dismounted,
gave his bridle, with his sword and
sabretash, into the hands of a by-stander,
and there and then, with the English
man's national weapons, gave the big
wagoner the very best thrashing he ever
had in his life, leaving him with eyes,
mouth, and crimson-streaming nose, in
the worst possible condition for his
photograph, amid the shouts of laughter
and applause of the assembled crowd.
Quickly making his way to his horse his
lordship mounted and rode off to his
military duties.
The Yak.
To the Khirghis the yak is as in
invaluable as the reindeer to the Lap
lander, or, in another way, as the camel
to the Arab. Its milk is richer than that
of the cow, and its hair is woven into
clothes and other fabrics. Where a
man can walk a yak can be ridden. It
is remarkably sure-footed; like the ele
phant, it has wonderful sagacity in
knowing what will bear its weight and
in avoiuiug hidden depths and chasms;
and when a pass or gorge becomes
blocked by sno v (providea it be not
frozen) a score of yaks driven in front
will make a highway. This strauge
creature frequents the ' mountain slopes
and their level summits. It needs no
tending, and finds its food at all seasons.
If the snow on the heights lies too deep
for him to find the herbage, he rolls him
self down the slopes, and eats his way
up again, displacing the snow as he
ascends. When arrived at the top he
performs a second somersault down the
slope, and displaces a second groove of
snow as he eats his way to the top again.
The yak cannot bear the temperature
above freezing, and in summer it leaves
the haunts of men and ascends far up
the mountains to the "old ich," above
the limit of perpetual snow, its calf being
retained below as a pledge for the moth
er's return, in which she never fails.
A large gull, near Sacramento, was
attacked by several hundred martins.
They continually dashed at the gull in
parties of six or eight, and caused it to
scream with pain and turn upon its pur
suers. The little birds would fly off,
and similar groups from the main body
would take their place and repeat the
attack upon the gull. The whole affair
seemed to be managed with much pre
cision. The martins had flown around
the gull in such a storm as to encompass
the large bird with a solid cordon of
themselves, and thus prevented its es
caping them. The fight continued
until the birds were out of sight,
but when last seen the gull was
evidently growing so weak as not
to be able to withstand the persistent
and vicious attacks of the martins much
longer.
The popular prejudice against pro
prietary remedies has long since been
conquered by the marvelous success of
such a remedy as Dr. Bull's Cough Syr
up. Used everywhere by everybody.
Price 25c.
The first lottery mentioned in the his
tory of England, Jan. 11, 1569, began
its drawing at the door of St. Paul's
church, London, and continued day and
nip-ht until the 6th of Mav. The nrofits
were for repairing the seacoast fortifica
tions, and the prizes were pieces of sil
ver plate.
The largest weekly Nebraska newspa
per (72 columns every week) offers this
year an eighty acre Nebraska farm, a
$300 parlor organ, agricultural imple
ments, silverware, jewelry, books, etc.,
as premiums. Every Fubscriber re
ceives a premium. Send for specimen
copy. Address, Thb Wkeklt Repub
ilqxx, Omaha, Nob.
Proof Rea'ding. "
Backstairs Monthly.
There are few of those not practically
engaged in printing who comprehend
the enormous difficulties in the way of
producing a single page typographical
ly correct. Leaving out of considera
tion the variations from rules of capital
ization and punctuation, to which there
are as many exceptions as there are to
any of the so-called "rules'" of English
orthography, the labor of weeding out'
literal errors is one which taxes the pa
tience and assiduity of the reader to the
rtmost. Errors which may strike the
casual reader as so plain and easily dis
cernablfi as to raise a conclusive pre
sumption of carelessness, may have
passed half a dozen careful readings uq
noticed. Many suppose that these errors might
have been -ivoided, in the first instance,
by due care on the part of the printer.
'1 his to a certain extent is true, but not
to the extent supposed. It might be
proper to charge him with.all these er
rors if he had nothing else to consider
in performing his work but correct com
position. But there is a certain demand
made upon him for quantity as well as
quality. In order to render his labor re
munerative, it is necessary that he
should set during the working hours a
sufficient amount to entitle him to a liv
ing compensation, according to the
standard by which the reading public
are willing to pay. This he cannot do
if he devotes his entire true to accu
racy. When even a careless reader, who is
sufficiently well informed to enable him
to detect errors, devotes an hour to the
conning of a single page, with a mind
fresh and unclouded by other cares, he
may discover errors which the pi oof
reader has overlooked. But the profes
sional reader brings to the daily dis
charge of his exacting duties a constitu
tion similar to that of those engaged in
other vocations. He, like everyone else
is subject to the ills that unfit him for
close application and careful discrimina
tion. The most competent have days
when their minds are distracted by
anxieties that draw their attention from
the work in hand, which they necessari
ly perform in a perfunctory manner.
The very continuity of this peculiar
labor by which their faculties become
habituated, and their eyes expert to de
tect errors, has the effect, by the intel
lectual drudgery, to blunt their interest
and tire their minds. So that verdict
should often be. instead of careless proof
readers, over-worked proof-readers.
There is probably not a periodical
publication in this, or any other country,
which is entirely free from errors. To
illustrate the difficulty, the following ex
ample is otlered:
The superintendent of one our lead
ing railroads employed an expert to
prepare a table of rates for freight be
tween the different stations on a single
line of road running through one state.
Bent upon having this absolutely cor
rect, he had it examined and re-examined
until no error could be discovered.
The calculations were all simple. After
the table was prepared in manuscript, it
was printed, and then submitted to ex
pert proof-readers. All the operations
were gone over and proved. The cost
of preparing this table was $10,000.
When it was completed and pronounced
perfect by several readers it was sub
jected to the test of a calculating ma
chine which could not err, and in less
than half an hour an error was detect
ed. Two or three hours' work with the
machine discovered upward of thirty
mistakes in calculation, either of which
was clearly apparent to any one ac
quainted with the simple rules of arith
metic, the moment his attention was
directed to the single calculation, unbi
ased by any preconceived notions of its
correctness or incorrectness.
This merely goes to prove the falli
bility of the mental mechanism to which
we are compelled to submit all
printed matter for final judgment upon
its accuracy. When some one can in
vent a proof-reading machine we may
arrive at absolute perfection, but not
till then. The most that can be hoped
for with the means at hand is approxi
mate accuracy.
The End o a Man-Eatine: Tiger.
The Indian papers report that a man
eating tiger which had killed fifty per
sons during the last three years has
been shot at Chakrata. This animal it
seems, had for the last three years been
the terror of the tract of country known
as Jaunsar-Bawar. Indeed, for twenty
five miles beyond Deoban, there is
scarcely a village that has not its histo
ry of human victims. On the 13th of
September, leaving his usual haunts,
the tiger appeared at Deoban and killed
two men close to the forest officer's
garden, one body only being found,
n the morning of the "15th he killed a
bullock, a mile and a half from Chakra-
J ta, on the Deoban road. The forest of
ficer, Mr. A. Smythies, Col. Fitz Roy,
5th fusilers, and most of the officers in
garrison, then made arrangements to
surround the spot where the tiger was
last seen. Several soldiers also volun
teered. After about two hours' beating
the tiger was "marked down," under a
cliff. Nothing would pursuade him to
leave his cover, and it was not until a party
with five or six guns advanced to the spot
where he was lying that a shot was pos
sible, Mr. Smythies drawing the first
blood. The tiger then bolted, receiv
ing the fire of several rifles, and was
eventually killed on Jadi road, about
four hundred yards from where he was
first hit. The government rewird for
the tiger was five hundred rubies. He
was a small but very poweiful animal,
measuring as he lay seven feet eight
inches from his nose to the tip of his
tail.
The English Church To-Day.
Richard Grant White In March Atlantic.
The truth seems to be that the
thoughtful and scholarly divines of the
English church, those whose acquire
ments and mental independence fit them
to be critical, are sorely perplexed by
their position. For the church of Eng
land is a political institi tion so inter
woven with the structure of English so
ciety that, should it be shaken, the whole
social fabric would go to ruin. The
feeling is prevalent, as I gathered it, al
though I did not hear it explicitly ut
tered, and it is reasonable, that doing
without bishops would be the first step
to dispensing with dukes. And what
would England be without dunes? An
Englishman might lead a godless life;
but could he lead a dukeless one? And
the dukes themselves and the minor
nobles look forward with the gravest ap
prehension to the time when, church
and state being severed, a respect for
rank and privilege will be no part of
the English religion. For it is not to
be concealed that the English church is
the church of "gentlemen." It not only
teaches the lower classes deference to
superiors, but its influence does much
to breed that very admirable character,
the English gentleman. Its teachings
are wholly at variance with the spirit of
social democracy. Its very catechism
inculcates a content which is opposed to
the restless and pushing tendencies of
modern times. The catechumen is made
to say, among other things, when asked
what is his duty to his neighbor, "My
duty to my neighbor is . . . to submit
myself to all, my governors, teachers,
spiritual pastors and masters; to order
myself lowly and reverently to all ray
betters; . . . and to learn and labor
truly to get mine own living and to do
my duty in that state of life to which it
has pleased God to call me." But now
it seems to be the accepted duty of
every man of English blood, no matter
on which side of the great oCeanha may
63; to get Himself ouTf that state of
life, with what speed he may, into a
better. The virtue of content is gone,
and with it thesrrace
of submission. 1
remember intuitions of this even
in my
boyhood as I repeated those words, and
vainly strove to reconcile them with the
struggle for advancement which I saw
going on aiound me, even among the
most religious people. And there was
the old story in verse which began
"Honest Joh"n Tomkins, the hedger and
ditcher,
Although he was poor, did not want to be
richer."
Honest John Tomkins was -held up to
me as the model of all the Christian
virtues; and yet I saw everybody
around me, including my teachers and
spiritual pastors and masters, striving
by day and by night to be richer. Ann
when we consider that discontent is the
mother of improvement, whether for
the' individual or the commonwealth,
and that tho betters of the man who is
taught to order himself lowly and rev
erently to them became so because they
or their ancestors were not satisfied
with that state of life to which it had
pleased God to call them, is it not plain
that the religion which teaches content
is doomed, and with it the whole system
of governors and masters, spiritual and
temporal? But it will be a long time
before this warfare is accomplished.
Not easily or quickly can a form of so
ciety be uptorn which is of such slow
and sturdy growth as that of England,
and whose root3, like those of some
vast British oak, decayed and hollow at
heart it may be, pierce the mould of
centuries. There is much inEnglanJ
that is mere shell and seems mere sham;
but the shell was shaped from within
by living substance, and it hardened
into form through the sunshine and the
tempests of hundreds of years; and so
it stands, and will yet stand long, al
though not forever. The very shams
and surface shows of things in England
are strong and 3table.
Life's Opportunities
Life is, in a great degree, what we
make it. We are' not to sit passively
awaiting the good time; but we are to
strive with a mighty strength of pur
pose to make of ourselves examples of
goodness, wisdom, integrity and high
moral courage, so that when the end
shall come we shall feel we have not
lived in vain. And how shall we suc
ceed if we pass by, heedlessly, life's
precious opportunities? We would not
enforce upon our readers the necessity
of grasping great opportunities alone
far from it; for, do not the little drops
of water make the broad restless ocean?
And where the desert but for the little
grains of sand? So it is that little op-"
portumhes for doing good, little lessons
that may at present seem so unimport
ant, help materially to lay the founda
tion for the great and useful life.
Our faculties for exercising an influ
ence over others are so many and great
that it is difficult to convene together
without exerting a mutual influence;
and every man who critically examines
his intellectual and moral state "will ob
serve that however short his interview
with another person may be, it has had
an effect upon him. And this influence
is usually exerted when we think little
about it; but we have probably left im
pressions upon some minds which will
never be erased. And this influence
and constancy has often great power; a
single instance of advice, reproof, cau
tion, or encouragement, may decide the
question of a man's respectability, use
fulness and happiness for a life-time.
How important, then, that we improve
every opportunity to make our lives a
blessing to others. ""
Balloon Photographs.
A plan for photographing a great ex
panse of underlying country by means
of cameras elevated on balloons and ac
tuated by electricity, has recently "been
tried with great success at Rouen in
France. It is an invention of M. Paul
Desmarets, and consists in fitting a cam
era, loaded with its sensitive plate, to a
captive balloon so as to point downward
on the earth below. Instantaneous ex
posure of the sensitive plate is effected
by an electric current sent from a bat
tery on the ground to the camera by
means of a wire attached to the rope re
straining the balloon. The Rouen pho
tographs were obtained in this manner
at an altitude of more than one thou
sand yards, and one of them comprises
a piece of land three hundred yards
square, with horses, gardens and roads
upon it, while another show a consider
able stretch of the Seine together with
the Rouen railway bridge. Ry magni
fying the picture the details can be
brought out with great distinctness, and
a natural map of a whole district ob
tained. Indeed so excellent are these
photographs, and so much more inter
esting to the public than ordinary maps,
that steps are bMj taken to photo
graph all Pari3 in the same way.
A Laplar.uVs Home.
Reindeer Rid hrongh Lapland.
In a large but rather low room, with
walls and roof of rough-hewn planks,
and with beams stretching from wall to
wall in every direction, were assembled
at least twenty-five persons of all ages
and both sexes. Most of them had tak
en off their skin blouses and hung them
on the rafters near a huge wood fire,
fit to roast an ox at. The half-stewed
garments and the steam from the dirty
persons of those in front of the fire
caused a most unsavory odor, which
prompted us to make our stay as short
as possible. All around the apartment,
except near the door, were ranged the
sleeping-shelves, the major part of which
were already 02cupied men, women
and children all indiscriminately mingled
together, not distinguishable to the un
practised e3e the one from the other,
and appearing like nothing else than
mere animated bundles of fur. From
the group congregated around the fire
no cheerful laugh, no buzz of conversa
tion, no noisy merriment u nanated all
were silent and still; perrisp they did
not wish to disturb the si- pers, but
judging from their solemn and lugubri
ous countenances, their gloominess
seemed but too natural and very far
from assumed or constrained. Well, in
the joyless and monotonous life those
poor people lead, it is not surprising
that all innate merriment about them is
soon stifled.
Mr. James W. Dobson, Innerleithen,
writing to a contemporary, says: I have
often heard of the voracity of the trout,
and have heard of mice, etc., being
found in their stomach. On the 25th
ult. I saw landed from the Tweed a trout
over two pounds in weight. The trout
looked very full, and in fine condition.
On pressing the stomach 1 was surprised
to see issuing from its mouth the foot of
a rabbit's leg. On being pulled out, the
piece of leg was found to measure four
inches in length. On examination it
was apparent that digestion had begun,
as about an inch of the bone was com
pletely bare of everything, and the part
nearest the bare bone was partly de
composed. The white perch of the Ohio river will
often follow a boat for a considerable
distance, all the time making a peculiar
bumming noise like that of a telegraph
wire in the wind. These fish make the
same sound when imprisoned in a fish
box to keep them alive.
iffaiHe ZVevrw.
Hop Bitters, which are advertised In our
columns, are a Euxe cure for ague, biliousness
and kidney complaints. Those who use them
say they cannot be too highly reommended.
Those afflicted should gire them a fair trial,
and will become thereby enthusiastic in the
praise of their curatlYc qnabtie. Porttmvl
Argvt,
Incidents of the Bulgarian War.
Writing of the Russian entry into
Sophia, Lieutenant Greene says: Nearly
all the shops had been owned by Turks
or a few Greeks. The Turkish popula
tion had either fled with the Turkish
troops or had hidden oufc of sight, and
for about eight hours from 2 o'clock in
the morning, when the Turks left, until
10 o'clock, when the Russians entered
the Bulgarians had been engaged in in
discriminate and ruthless pillage. Ev
ery shop in the town had been broken
open and its contents carried off or
scattered about the streets. The Russians
very quickly brought order out of this
confusion. Their Cossack whips were
freely used on the backs of the Bulga
rians, and any person found with goods
in the streets or suspicious looking prop
erty in his house was required to bring
it into one of the squares of the town,
where it was heaped up in great, piles
and guarded by sentries untifits owner
ship could be clearly proven. The only
solitary instance of pillage by the troops
a Cossack who was found guilty of
stealing a watch from a man in the
street was summarily punished by
hanging within an hour from the time of
the robbery. This instance of pillage by
the Bulgarians was, unfortunately, not
the exception it was the common rule
on similar occasions; and as the war
went on and instances of it multiplied, it
sadly dampened the ardent enthusiasm
with which the Russians had begun the
war for the relief of the suffering co-religionists.
Misgovernment extending
over centuries cannot be righted with
out the hatred it has engendered finding
vent in horrible excesses, and this war
will stand out pre-eminent among those
of modern times for the suffering which
it inflicted upon the non-combatant
population. Whenever the Russian
armies approached a village the Turkish
population abandoned everything and
fled before them; when the Russians
were obliged to fall back and the Turks
followed in pursuit, the Bulgarians fled
before them; when finally the Russian
advance surged forward during the win
ter without interruption to the gates of
Constantinople, a large portion of the
entire Mohammedan population left
their homes and villages, packing a few
possessions and still less food in one or
two bullock wagons, they formed the
.nucleus of caravans of refugees one of
which, receiving fresh additions at every
village, finally stretched out over a
length of twenty miles and contained
200,000 souls! The great train became
mingled with the retreating Turkish
troops, and was caught between two
fractions of the advancing Russians
Gen. Gourko from Sophia and Gen.
Skobeli from Shipka. Its escort of a
few battalions foolishly made a defense
against the troops of the latter general,
and, beaten, took refuge in flight toward
the Rhodope mountains, followed by all
the able-bodied portion of the commu
nity, who left the old, the sick and the
babes to perish in the snow. The train
was at once plundered of all its posses
sions by the Bulgariansof the neighboring
villages, who mercilessly put to death
all those who hal not perished of cold.
For three successive days we marched
through the remnants of this caravan;
wagons, scattered contents, dead ani
mals; here a man and his wife, who had
stretched on a blanket in the snow and
lain down to die side by side; there a
stately old Turk with flowing white
beard, green turban, and brightly
figured robe, lying by the ditch with his
throat cut from ear to ear, and again u
naked little infant frozen stiff in tl i
snow, with its eyes upturned to heaven.
Our blood curdled as we saw a Bulgarian
clout grinning and staring at us from
the roadside, who answered us as we
asked him who murdered those two
Turks lying a few feet from us.
"Nasbe bratte!' (Our brothers, we
did it.)'
Gen. Garfield's Mother.
Every mother should read a recently
published volume entitled "From the
Log Cabin to the White House," by
William M. Thayer, which is dedicated
to the boys of the United States. It is
a familiar saying that "the mother
molds the man," and this book proves
it. Those who read it and it should
be read by every boy as well as his
mother will not be at all surprised that
the son of such a mother should, by in
heritance and example, possess the noble
character, the indomitable energy and
courage, and the purity of life that has
characterized General Garfield from his
youth up to this time. Mrs. Garfield's
maiden name was Eliza Ballou. She
was a descendant of Maturin Ballou, a
Hugenot of France, driven from his
country upon the revocatiou of the edict
of Nantes.
He joined the colony of Roger Wil
liams, came to America, and settled in
Cumberland, R. 1. There he built a
church which is still carefully preserved
as a relic of the past. It is known as
the Elder Ballou meeting-house. When
it was built there were no saw-mills,
no nails, and few tools in the country.
Its galleries and pews, even its floor,
are liewn out of solid logs, and put to
gether with wooden pegs. Here Matu
rin Ballou preached the gospel, and his
son, and grandson, and great grandsons
after him to the tenth generation. A
race of preachers sprang from this
pioneer minister, as well as many law
yers, doctors, and other public men,
eminent for their talents and force of
character. Some of them figured in
the American revolution, as heroic in
war as they were renowned in peace.
Abrani Garfield and Eliza Ballou,
both emigrants from the state of New
York, were married in 1821. They had
gone, in lo3U, to Urange, uuyanoga
county, Uhio, where a year later their
son James was born, being their fourth
child. Their lojr house was built when
the heavy forest was but partly cleared
away. The fences were not yet made
about the fields wheH thefather, in light
ing a forest fire that threatened the des
truction of their home, overheated him
self, was suddenly chilled, and in a few
days died. His last words to his wife,
as he looked upon his children, were:
"I have planted four saplings here in
this forest. I must now leave them to
your care."
A happier family never dwelt in a
palace than had been in that cabin
home. Little James was but 18 months
old when his father died too young to
understand his irreparable loss or feel
the pings of grief that well nigh rush
ed other hearts. The neighbors came
only four or five families in a radius
of ten miles and wept with the widow
and fatherless. With their assistance
the lifeless form was inclosed in fa
rough coffin and buried in the corner of
the wheat field near by. No sermon,
no prayer except the silent prayers'that
went up from aching hearts. Winter
was approaching. Could human expe
rience be more dreary than a woman
left a widow with her children in a wil
derness swept by wintry storms. The
howl of the wolves and the cry oi
panthers never isounded so terrib
as during those long desolate winter
nights, it seemed to the woary ones
that spring would never come again.
But at last it did come, and swept away
the snow and ice. The dead things of
the field and forest returned to life,
save only the dead in the corner of the
wheat field, and hope was not revived
in the cabin. There was no money in
the house, there was a debt on the farm,
and the food supply was limited.
Then Mrs. Garfield sought the advice
of a neighbor, who had been kind in her
time of trouble. He advised her to sell
the farm, pay the debt, and return to
her friends, believing it impossible for
her to support herself and children there.
Her reply was characteristic:
"I can never throw myself and my
children upon the charity of my friends.
So long as I have health I believe my
Heavenly Father will bless these two
hands and make them able to support
my children My dear husband made
this home at the sacrifice of his life, and
every losr in this cabin is sacred to me
now. It seems to me like a holy trust
that I must preserve as faithfully as I
would guard his grave."
Her neighbors left her, and she went
to the friend that never fails, and asked
God to make the way of duty clear to
her; and when she came from her place
of prayer she felt that new light and
strength had been given to her. She
called her oldest son, Thomas, to her,
and, though he was only a child 10 years
old, she laid the whole case before him.
With the "resolute "courage of his race,
he gladly promised that he would plow
and sow, cut wood, and milk the cows,
if she would only keep the farm. So
this brave mother and son commenced
their work. She sold part of the farm,
and paid every dollar of debt Thomas
procured a horse, plowed, and sowed
and planted. The mother, with her own
hands, split the rails and completed
the fencing. But the harvest was still
far away, and the corn was running
low, The mother carefully measured
her precious grain, counted the days to
the reaping time, and finding that it
would be exhausted, long before that
time at their present rate of consump
tion, she resolved to live on two meals a
day herself that her children might not
suffer. Then, as the little store rapidly
disappeared, she ate but a single meal
herself concealing her self-denial from
her children, until the blessed harvest
brought relief. That year it was very
abundant, and the wolf of hunger never
came so near their door again.
Still, there were many years of hard
ship and self-denial, in which the "brave
woman had to be father and mother,
teacher and preacher to her children.
She was the wise and tender friend,
guiding them in the right way, and in
spiring them to choose the best things
in life. She still lives to seeder great
reward, "and her children rise up and
call her bles3e.l."
The nation's capital, honored as ithas
been by noble women, has never receiv
ed within its doors a grander, more he
roic.and nobler woman than it will have
in the person of the mother of President
Garfield, and she is not only an object
of the nation's admiration, but the re
cipient of its homage.
English Female Slaves.
From tne London Referee.
The London shop girl in the drapery
and fancy trades is a fair specimen of
that large body which has to support
itself in a "genteel occupation." Here
we have gigantic establishments presi
ded over by wealthy and intellgent
Englishmen, many of them constant
church-goers, subscribing christians,
and leading lights of chapeldom. The
large employers of "female assistant"
labor are gentlemen who, many of them,
are philanthropist', and humanitarians
themselves. To many of them the sen
sational pamplet on the traffic in Eng
lish girls has doubtless been sent. One
can imagine them raising their eyes in
horror, and thinking in aieir hearts how
thankful the English girls ought to be
who remain in the path of virtue and
serve at the retail drapery counter. Yet
there are those behind the scenes who
declare that the treatment of these
young English shop girls calls loudly for
pamphlets leading articles, and agita
tion. They tell U3 that cruel taskmas
ters compel these poor creatures to be
on their feet often twelve and fourteen
hours a day, and fine them heavily if,
exhausted, they sink into a seat. There
is no escape for young English girls
when once they enter these establish
ments. There are vigilant overseers to
watch every little mistake, and to whip
them up when, jaded and worn, they
slacken their pace up the heavy hill.
The "rules of the shop" in all large
houses are printed and rigidly enforced,
here lies before us as we write one of
these lists of riles. They are ninety in
all. It is almost impossible, not being
a machine, to obey them. Disobedi
ence is punished with a heavy -fine de
ducted from the scant salary. There
are over a hundred varieties of fines
on his precious list, many of them be
ing for the most trivial oversights. So
it happens that, after working hard
from 7:30 in the morning to 8, 9, and
10 o'clock at night, a young lady assist
ant finds her modest salary reduced oy
one-half in the shape of fines, which
the employer pockets. Here are speci
mens of the fines: "For not making a
parcel properly, 6d. For not address
ing a parcel correctly, Is. For taking
more time than allowed for meals, 6dT
(time is dinner SO minutes; tea, 15.)
For leaving a box or case'open, 6d. For
leaving on a chair, 6d. For leaving
order-book about, 6d." There are over
100 more, and this is the last one: "For
making any mistake not here men
tioned, 6d." The system is perfect,
fllash and blood are forgotten, av I the
young women are treated as mei ma
chines. When one of themoverwo ked,
ill, and fined out of her scanty w es,
flings herself in the river, or yields to
the thousand and one temptations which
surround the shop girls of London, who
can wonder? He who keeps a lady
standing is accounted a bear, yet scores
of gentlemen shop sitting, and are
served by girls who have stood the
long day through. The whole system
is iniquitous from beginning to end. It
is slavery, with this difference from the
negro model; both oppressor and. op
pressed are the same color. '
An Eccentric IT HI.
Some weeks ago a well-to-do burgess
of Vienna died, leaving the whole of his
property away from his natural heirs
and to the son of a retired Austrian
general with whom he had been person
ally acquainted duringhis life, upon the
sole ground that the Christian name of
tne young gentleman was menucai wun
his own When the legatee, after prov
ing the will, went to the testator's
dwelling in order to take possession of
the property, his attention was first di
rected to a fire-proof safe as alikely re
pository of securities. Upon opening
the safe, however, it was found to con
tain nothing but scraps of paper, cut up
very small with scissors, and consisting
chiefly of old envelopes. A further
search through the rooms, however, was
rewarded by the discovery of bank notes
to the amount of 40,000 florins, crumbled
up into a ball and hidden in a corner
behind a curtain. Other 20,000 florins
were presently found in a photographic
album containing some twoscore por
traits of pretty women in fancy cos
tumes. Behind each one of these photo
graphs were concealed bank notes cor
responding in value to the deceased
gentleman's appreciation of the ladies'
respective charms, a fair beauty's at
tractive merits being appraised at 2,000
florins, while those of a handsome bru
nette were rated at 3,000. Marginal
notes on the pages of the album indi
cated the intention of the deceased to
make his testamentary dispositions in
such sort that each several charmer
should inherit the sum hidden away be
hind her counterfeit presentment. For
tunately for his heir, this eccentric pro
ject had never been advanced beyond its
valuation stage, and thus the prizes
originally intended to be awarded to
beauty ultimately fell into the hands of
an infantry lieutenant.
People Should
Purify the blood by cleansing the system
of foul humors, and bygiring strength to
the livor, kidneys and bowels, to perform
their regular functions. Kidney-Wort will
do it. This remedy Is now prepared In liquid
u well si In dry form. Tntr-OiM,
A FABLE.
Th IJon and the Jackals.
One day a troop of jackals were as
tonished, beyond measure at the appear
ance of a lion in"their midst, and their
surprise could not be imagined when his
countenance assumed a pleasant ex
pression and he remarked:
"Friends, i have come to settle among
you and be a neighbor. I want to be
friendly with each and every one and
think well of all, and I trust we shall
dwell together in harmony."
"Hooray! for the lion! Hurrah for the
old man-killer!" cheered the jackals,
and they were-tickled to death at their
good luck.
But the lion had scarcely got his den
in order when one of the jackals came
sneaking in and began:
"I I that is delicate subject, you
know embarrassed you see an
num." "My friend, if you have anything to
say to me be at your ease," replied the
lion.
"Well, I simply wanted to drop you a
hint. Don't be too sweet on John Jack
al. His great grandfather was banished
for cause, and nis wife's second cousin is
a wall-eyed villian."
The lion received the information
without remarks, and the caller went
away, chuckling over the idea that he
had sowed good seed. Next day a sec
ond jackal appeared, beat around the
bush for awhile and then observed:
"I feel it my duty to warn you against
Joo Jackal, who lives oyer the creek.
He beats his wife, cheats his neighbors,
and is a double back-action hypocrite by
the watch."
Soon another appeared with a similar
story about some one else in the com
munity, and in the course of a fortnight
the lion felt it his duty to call a public
meeting. When the jackals had gath
ered around him he said:
"I find, by your own statements, that
you are a community of thieves, liars,
dead-beats and swindles, and henceforth
you can fight your own battles and hunt
your own Dones. Sneaks, skulks and
vagabonds, farewell!"
Moral. He who tries to climb up by
pulling his neighbor down makes poor
headway.
Ostrich Hunting: in Patagonia.
Across Patagonia Lada Dixie.
"Choo! choo! Plata!" I cry to the
dog who followed at my horse's heels,
as a fine male ostrich scudded away to
ward the hills we had just left with the
speed of lightning. But the
ostrich suddenly doubles to the left, and
commences a hurried descent. The
cause is soon explained, for in the direc
tion toward which he has been making
a great cloud of smoke rises menacingly
in his path, and balked of the refuge ne
had hoped to find amid the hills, the
great bird is forced to altar his course,
and make swiftly for the plains below.
But swiftly as he flies along so does
Plata, who finds a down-hill race much
more suited to his spledid shoulders and
rare stride. Foot by foot he lessens the
distance that separates him from his
prey, and gets nearer and nearer to the
fast sinking, fast tiring bird. Away we
go helter-skelter down the hill.
Plata is alongside the ostrich, and gath
ers himself for a spring at the bird's
throat. "He has him, he has him!" I
shout to Gregoria, who does not reply,
but urges his horse on with whip and
spur. "Has he got him, though?" Yes
no the ostrich, with a ra id twist,
has shot some 30 yards ahead of his en
emy, and whirling round, makes for the
hills once more. And now begins the
struggle for victory. The ostrich has
decidedly the best of it, for Plata, though
he struggles gamely, does not like tne
up-hill work, and at every stride loses
ground. "Can he stay?" I
cry to Gregorio, who smiles and nods
his head. He is right, the dog can stay,
for hardly have the words left my lips
when with a tremenduous effort, he puts
on a spurt and races up alongside the
ostrich. Once more the bird points for
the plain; he is beginning to falter, but
he is great and strong, and is not beaten
yet. Unconscious of any thing
but the exciting chase before me, I am
suddenly disagreeably reminded that
there is such a thing as caution, and ne
cessity to look where you are going to,
for putting his foot in an unusually deep
tuca-tuc hole, my little horse comes with
a crash upon his head and turns com
pletely over on his back, burying mc
beneath him in a hopeless muddle. For
tunately, beyond a shaking, 1 am un
hurt, and remounting, endeavor to re
join the distant chase. The ostrich, Gre
gorio and the dog have reached the
plain, and as I gallop quickly down th'
hill I can see that the bird has begun
doubling. This is a sure sign of fatigue,
and shows that the ostrich's strength
is beginning to fail him. Away
across the plain the two animals fly,
while I and Gregorio press eagerly in
their wake. Suddenly the
stride of the bird grows slower, his dou
bles become more frequent, showers of
feathers fly in every direction as Plata
siezes him by the tail, which comes
away in bis mouth. In another moment
the dog has him by the throat, and for
a few minutes nothing can be distin
guished but a gray struggling head.
Gypsy Superstitions.
For a class of persons that are popu
larly supposed to live by working on the
superstitions and credulities of theirfel
lows, the Gypsies are themselves singu
larly superstitious. Some Gypsies set
their boots crosswise before they go to
bed, fancying thereby to keep away the
cramp; a female Gypsy carried the skel
eton of a mole's foot which she called a
"fairy foot" because she believed it
good against rheumatism; and it is a
standing truth among them that babies
in teething should wear a necklace of
myrtle stems, which for a boy, mnst be
cut by a woman; by a man for a girl.
An adder's slough or a bit of mountain
ash, is certain to bring good luck; and
with the same objects, some children
wear round their necks black bags con
taining fragments of a bat. In order to
hurt an enemy you hare only to stick
pins in red rag and burn the same;
others for the same end resort to the
cruel practice of sticking pins into a
toad till it looks like a hedgehog, and
then bury it with certain observances.
The sight of a water wag-tail, if it does
not fly when conjured in a certain
rhyme to do so, is a sign that strange
Gypsies are to be met on the road. Of
an old woman, a "ghost-seer." we are
told that she carried in her pocket, a
little china dog dressed like a doll. "1
mind," says the Gypsy who told the
story, "she lost it once, and she was in
an awful state till it was found; and she
used to fancy it would talk to her when
she was all alone smoking her pipe in
the wagon. You should have seen a
pack she had of very old fortune-telling
cards, which was painted in different
colors. She used to select the different
ones for each day; sometimes she would
have those with the devil and serpents
on 'em then other days she would carry
those with birds and palaces."
Animal Instinct.
Duke of Arryll In Contemporary BtTlew.
The dipper or water-cusel (Cinclus
eqaalicu3)is well-known to ornithologists
as one of the most curious and interest
ing of British birds. Its special habita
tion is clear mountain stream. These
it never leaves except to visit the lakes
into which or from which they flow.
Without the assistance of webbed
feet, it has extraordinary powers of
swimming and diving moving about
nnnn and nndpr thn snrfnv with mvrn
the ease and dexterity of a fish hunt I
i-noinnirtlin bottom &3 if it had Dt
power to float floating on the top as it
had no power to sink no w diving where
the stream is smooth, now where it i
quick and broken, and suddenly reap
pearing perched on the summit of some
projecting point. Its plumage is in
perfect harmony with its haunts dark,
with a pure white breast, which looks
exactly like one of the flashes of light
so numerous in rapid streams, or one of
the little balls of foam which loiters
among the stones. Its very song is set
to the music of rapid wafers. From the
top of a bank one can often get quite?
close to it when it is singing, and ther
harmony of its notes with tho tinkling;
of the stream is really curious. It
sino-s, too, when all other birds but
robin are silent when the stones on
which it sits are circled send rimmed
with ice. No bird, perhaps; fe more
specially adapted to a very special home
and very peculiar habits of life. The
same species, or other forms so closely
similar as to seem mere varieties are?
found in almost every country of the
world where there are mountain streams.
And yet it is a species having no very
near affinity with any other bird, and it
constitutes by itself a separate genus.
It is therefore a species of great interest
to the naturalist, and raises some of the
most perplexing questions connected
with the "origin of species." In 1874
a pair of these birds built their nests at
Inverary, in a hole in the wall of a 3mall
tunnel constructed to carry a rivulet un
der the walks of a pleasure ground.
The season was one of great drought
and the rivulet during the whole time of
incubation and the growth of the young
in the nest, was entirely dry. One of
the nestlings, when almost fully fledged,
was taken out bythe hand for examina
tion, an operation which so alarmed the
others that they darted out of the bole,
and ran and fluttered down the tunnql
towards its mouth. At that point a con
siderable pool of water had survired the
drought, and lay in the path of the fu
gatives. They did not all appear to
seek it; on the contrary their flight
seemed to be as aimless as that of any
other fledgling would have been in the
samfi nrsdieament. But one of them
stumbled into the pool. The effect was
most curious. When the young bird
touched tho water there was a moment
nf nauseas if the creature was surprised.
Then instantly there seemed to wake
within it the sense of its hereoitary
powera. Down it dived with all the fa
cility of its parents, and the action of
its wings under water was a beautiful
exhibition of the double adaptation to
progression in two very different ele
ments, which is peculiar to the wings of
most diving birds. The young dipper
was immediately lost to sight among
some weeds, and so long did it remain
underwater that 1 feared it must be
drowned. But in due time it reappeared
all right, and being recaptured, was re
placed in the nest.
A SCARRED VETERAN.
Three Ballets In Ills Hody A Remark
able. Story or Escape and Imprison
ment. KewfTork Sun
"How did you lose all the fingers of
your right hand?" a man was asked in
a drug store at Yonkers.
"Shot off," he replied. "Whengthe
war broke out I enlisted as a private,
and the first actual service I was en
gaged in was the battle of Vicksburgv
where I was wounded in the hip ancl
had the fingers of my right hand taken?
off. The rebels took me prisoner. I wa
transferred from one point to another
till at last they landed me in Anderson
ville. There I received a wound back
of the ear. The ball went into my
mouth and lodged directly back of the
ear. Feel it?" as he placed ono of the
reporter's fingers on the spot indicated.
The ball was felt, it being about one
fourth of an inch from the surface.
"The ball don't pain me any," he con
tinued. "Soon after this I fell into the hands
of Kirby Smith, and while trying to es
cape from him I was actually forced in
to the Rio Grande river. Preferring ta
die by drowning, I struck out for all I
was worth. Before I had swam a great
distance, several shots were fired at me,,
one of them struck me in the hip. Feet
that?" placing the reporter's hand on
the spot indicated, where n large ball
could be felt. "Well, I k-pt right on,
and soon succeeded in reaching the
Mexican shore, but found that I bid
jumped out of the frying pan into the
fire, for after wandering about for
some tinip, a band of Mexican 'greas
ers' caught sight of me. I started on
a keen run, but they all being mounted,
soon overtook me and called but for me
to halt. I paid no attention to this,
and a shot from a tilunderbuss struck
me in the breast and brought me
to the ground. The wound hay
not healed, owing to the poisonous na
ture of the copper bullet. They then
surrounded me and lashed me to" one of
their horaes, without paying any atten
tion to my wound, which was bleeding.
Loosening one hand I succeeded in
stopping the flow of blood by placing a
red handkerchief over the spot. I was
compelled to ride in this position for
two days, only being relieved when they
halted for dinner or supper. On the
third day the whole band was surround
ed and captured by Mexican govorx
ment troops, and they, being the con.,
mon enemj of everybody in generi
were sentenced to be hanged, and, c
course, I was expected to have to shaife
the same fate as the rest. They wert
taken one at a time, and strung pp
The rope was put about my neck, when
I cried out, which only seemed to amuse
those having charge of the hanging. I
happened to have some old papers in
my inside shirt pocket, and on holding
them up I wa3 permitted to g unhung,
but was placed in prison until a further
investigation into my case could be
made. They kept me imprisoned for
nearly twelve years, which was owing
somewhat to the turbulence existing in
Mexico during that period. 1 was final
ly released, about a year ago, tl rough
the efforts of the American consul, who
claimed my release o. the ground of
my being an Americas and a soldier in
the union army. I was transported to
Santa Fe, from there to Omaha, from
that point to Chicago, and from Chica
go to New York, where I arrived a few
days ago.
"While in New York my wound was
treated by,Dr. A. B. Mott, who said ho
could remove the ball from my chest,
but it would endanger my fife. He
told me he thought it would eventually
work out, and then the wound would
heal. The first thing I did on reaching
New York was to ascertain if my father
and mother, whom I left seventeen
years ago, and who at that time lived in
Palmyra, were still living, and learned
by letter that they were both alive, but
had given me up for dead several years
ago."
The veteran, who describes himself as
Walliam Bray, arrived in Yonkers about
a week ago, and was well taken care of
by members of jr "'"indarmy and oth
ers. The only thing wruirn Bothered me
in relating hi3 career was dates, as dur
ing his long confinement he had become
indifferent to time.
A singular story comes from Meridan,
Miss. About four years ago a negro
died near that place, as was supposed of
hydrophobia. Before his death he was
a raving maniac. It was thought best
to confine him, but there was trouble in
getting any to undertake the dangerous
task. At last two doctors and another
man volunteered in fastening handcuffs
upon his wrists. He died that evening.
The wife soon went mad and died.
Within the last six months tho thre
white men engaged in the strujjglu with
the negro have gone crazy
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