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THE ADYERTISEE.
G. W. FAIRBROTHER & CO., Pcbushebs.
BROWNVILLE,
NEBRASKA
AFTER THE BU11IAL.
BY JAMES EUSSELL L0WEIX.
Yes, Faith is a goodly anchor;
When Bkies are sweet as a psalm
At the bows it lolls 60 stalwart,
Jn bluff, bread shouldered calm.
Aod when over breakers to leeward
I-e tattered rarges are hurled,
It may keep our head to the tempest,
. ith its grip on the base of the world.
Bat, after the shipwreck, tell me
hat help in its Iron thews,
M 11 true to the broken hawser,
Deep down among seaweed and ooze
Jn the breaking gulfs of sorrow,
When the helpless feet stretch out
And find in the deeps of darkness
No footing so 6olid as doubt,
Then better one spar of -nemory,
One broken pi ink of the past,
That one human heart may cling to,
Though hopeless of shore at last I
To the spirit its splendid cojectures,
To the flesh its sweet di6pair,
Its tears o'er the the thin-worn locket
With its anguish of deathless hair!
Immortal 1 I feel It and know it,
Who doubU It of 6nch as she!
But that is the pang's Tery secret
Immortal, away from me I
There's a narrow ridge in the graveyard
Would scarce stay a child in his race,
But to me and my thought it is wider
Than the star-so m vague of space.
i ! ! logic, my friend, is perfect,
our morals most drearily true ;
But since the earth closed on her coffin
i keep hearing that, ind not you.
( ons"le if you will, I can hear it;
' lis a well-meant alms of breath ;
But not all the preaching 6ince Adam t
Has made Death other than Death.
It is pagan ; but wait till you feel it
That jar of our earth, that dull shock,
When the plowshare of deeper passion
Tears down to our primitive rock.
Communion in spirit 1 Forgive me,
But I, who am earthy and weak,
Would give all my income from dreamland
For a touch of her hand on my cheek.
That little shoe In the corner,
So worn and wrinkled and brown,
With its emptiness confutes you,
And argues your wisdom down.
A QUEER CHINESE TALE.
A Story that Might Have Been Told in the
Arabian Nights.
From the London Telegraph-
A correspondent forwards the follow
ing illustration of superstition amongst
the Chinese with reference to a very an
cient and widespread belief that the
fox has the power of assuming the hu
man form to lead mortals to their de
struction. The same power is also as
cribed to the badger by the Japanese.
In this case the sto y is given as a true
one, and the facts are stated to be well
known to even one living in the great
street outside of the Chien Men (Front
Gate), at Pekin, where the affair is sup
posed to have occurred:
A certain Ningpo man kept a drug
gist's shop at Pekin. Having made a
good deal of money by it he determined
to commence a wholesale business as
well as the retail one. He therefore
bought a warehouse for storing drugs,
and pfct it in charge of a nephew. His
venture proved eminently successful,
and he grew richer dairy, principally for
the extraordinary reasdh that the drug?
stored in the warehouse were less liable
to get damp or moldy than anybodys
else. As the nephew was at work in
the warehouse, he used constantly to
notice the prett'est girl he had ever seen
assing by the door. Though he sorely
onged to try to make acquaintance with
her, he was restrained by her modest
and retiring demeanor. Time went by,
and one day an old gentleman with a
long beard, and leaning on a staff, call
ed at the uncle's shop. In the course
of conversation it appeared that he
came from the borders of Sheuai and
Kansu, and had originally fled to Pekin
to escape from the Mahometan disturb
ances in the west. Finally he said that
he had often remarked the nephew at
work in the warehouse, and had been
struck by his steadiness and dili
gence, and he would like to marrv his
only daughter to him. He had sufficient
money to make liDerat arrangements
with regard to the trousseau and wed
ding presents and would not quarrel
about terms. The young man, being so
far from his home at Ningpo, was not
betrothed to anyone. His uncle, there
fore, gladly accepted the proposal. As
both parties were strangers in Pekin,
everything was settled and the marriage
ceremony performed without any un
necessary fuss or formality. When the
time came for the bride to unveil, the
bridegroom, who had never yet seen
her, was most anxious to see what she
was like. At the first glance, what was
his joy to discover that she was the girl
he used to see walking past the ware
house. The marriage was a happy one.
He was the fondest of husbands, and
she the most loving and dutiful of wives.
Before long the young man's father in
Ningpo, wishing to see his new daugh-ler-in-law,
wrote and told his son to
briner her home on a visit. The son ac
cordingly made preparations to start off
as soon as possible. or tne last aay
or two before his departure, the uncle,
who had not been home for many years,
was constantly coming to his house, as
he had a thousand things to talk about
reminiscences to recall, messages to
be delivered and the like. When the
moment for them to commence the
journey actually arrived, the uncle went
across for the last time to say good-bye,
but, to bis astonishment, neither nephew
nor niece could be found. After a fruit
less search he went to the girl's father
to see if he could learn anything there.
But there was no house standing, mere
ly two or three wretched little rooms in
ruins, without doors or windows. He
made enquiries among the neighbors,
but none of them knew anything of the
old man or the house. Everything was
then plain. The old man and his
daughter were foxes, and had made
away with the young husband. But
stranger than anything else was the
fact that from that day forth the drugs
stored in the -warehouse became just as
subject to mould as those kept anywhere
else. '
Lincoln and Douglas as Lawyers.
I. K. Arnold address before the Illinois Bar Asso
ciation. Lincoln and Douglas were both self
educated and each the builder of his
own fortune- Each became very early
the recognized leader of the party to
which he belonged. Douglas was bold,
unflinching, impetuous, denunciatory
and determined. He possessed in an
eminent degree the qualities which cre
ate personal popularity, and was the
ideal of his friends. Both Lincoln and
Douglas were strong jury lawyers. Lin
coln" on the whole, was tho strongest
jury lawyer we ever hadinHlinois. Both
were distinguished for their ability in
seizing and bringing out, distinctly and
clearly, the real points in a case. Both
were very happy in the examination of
witnesses; I think Lincoln was the
stronger of the two in cross examina
tion. He could compel a witness to tell
the truth when fie meant to lie. He
could make a jury laugh, and generally
weep, at pleasure. Lincoln, on the right
side, and especially when injustice or
fraud were to be exposed.was the stron
gest advocate. On the wrong side, or
on the defense where the accused was
really guilty, the client with Douglasfor
his a'dvocate would be more fortunate
than with Douglas.
Lincoln studied his cases thoroughly
and exhaustively. Douglas had a won
derful faculty of extracting from his
associates, from experts and others, by
conversation, all thev knew of a sub
ject he v8 to discuss and then make it
so thoroughly his that all seemed to
have originated with himself. He so
perfectly assimilated the ideas and
knowledge of others that all seemed to
be his own, and all that went into his
mind came out improved.
i i
Gathering India Rubber.
Having passed fully three years on
the southwest coast of Africa, as trader
for an English firm, I will endeavor to
describe the manner in which India
rubber is procured in that country, as
India rubber formed the staple product
of the district where I was located.
The natives are in a very rude, unciv
ilized condition. They have no curren
cy, and do all business by bartering the
native products for manufactured stuffs.
Their wealth consists chiefly in the
number of slaves they possess, who fish,
hunt and keep their plantations in good
order.
When rubber has to be collected,
from four to ten slaves get their flint
muskets in order, eacn carrying, in au
dition, a long, sword-shaped knife
called a machette, a number of cala
bashes or jars to collect the juice of the
, , 3 1ZtlA srA 4-tio- line
ruouer vine, aim iv umc iwu won -uu.
been cured in smoke, as they can find
plenty of sustenance in the bush without
carrying it about with them from place
to place.
The vines are in some cases near to
the towns, but generally the natives had
to go several days' journey into the bush
before they can sit down and commence
business. The vine itself is of a rough,
knotty nature, about as thick as a man's
arm, and grows to a length of fully 200
feet. Its leaves are glossy, like those
of the South American rubber tree, and
a large fruit, much liked by the natives,
is gathered from it. I have tasted it,
and found it very palatable, being
slightly acic. This vine (what its scien
tific name is I don't pretend to know)
yields several grades of rubber, each of
different commercial value, the best
quality being taken from the highest
part, and the poorest from the bottom.
With their knives or matchets, the
natives slash the vine in several places,
and put broad leaves directly under
neath the wounds for the juice to drop
on, and which, being of a strong, ad
hesive nature, none of itgetslost. When
the top part of the vine is bled, cala
bashes, or jars, are placed with their
openings to the wounds, so that none
of it may drop on the branches of the
tree, and so get lost; but it is not often
they trouble themselves climbing, unless
the vines happen to be scarce in the vi
cinity. The entire day they devote to
cutting; next day they gather what was
cut the day previous, and so on. Each
evening, after collecting, they put all the
juice they have into several iron pots, or
earthen vessels of native manufacture,
and boil it; at the same time they can
greatly improve the lowest quality by
adding a little salt, and the more they
boil it the better it becomes. When suf
ficiently boiled the water is poured off
and the juice is allowed to cool, when it
is fashioned according to the grade
ball, flake, mixed or tongue and it is
ready for the market. In this way
about twenty or thirty pounds a day is
generally collected. It is then taken to
the factory, and there exchanged for
guns, cloth, rum, etc. When received
at the factory it is carefully marked,
classed, weighed and put into casks for
shipment It contains so much water
that 20 per cent is deducted from the
weight of each cask, as that is about
the amount of shrinkage on the voyage.
This is, however, a loss to the native, as
it is deducted from him when selling.
The Sea of Galilee.
Prof. Bartlett.
Riding by the foot of Hattin, over the
place where, 700 years ago, Saladin an
nihilated the crusaders' power in Pales
tine, we at length reached a ridge where
we looked out on the distant hills of
Basham, and far below us on a dark blue
pear or harp-shaped sheet of water, ly
ing snugly in a deep inclosuro of high
brown hills. Though less than thirteen
miles long and seven miles broad, yet,
measurcaby the events it has witnessed,
it is a kind of Pacific ocean. It was the
sea of Galilee.
As we moved over the long way down
ward to its level 350 feet below the
Mediterranean sea we had time to fix
and grasp its whole aspect and sur
roundings. It lacks boldness of outline,
for its hills slope gradually back from
the shore, or leave a narrow plain, as at
GennesaretandButhia. But the lights
and shadows lie sweetly on the hillsides
at night and morning; the northern end
is broken into pleasant little bays, and
Hermon looms grandly up beyond, far
off, yet seemingly near. The whole as
pect of the lake is one that suggests the
thought and the lack of beautiful homes.
It was still a long ride to the lake. The
region we were passing, once brimful of
life and activity, was utterly forsaken
now. The entire lake lay spread before
us, and nearly the whole of its coast-line,
along or near which once lay the cities
of Tarichea, Tiberias, Hippo, Gamala,
Gergesa, Bethsaida, Chorazin, Caper
naum, Magdala and Beth Arbel. Of
these cities, Tiberias once had its senate
of 600; Gamala was able to resist and
defeat Vespasian at the head of three
legions, and when captured by Vespa
sian and Titus it lost 400 in the fight,
and 5,000 who hurled themselves, or
were pushed down the precipices; while
Tarichea; according to Josephus, was
able to furnish 16,500 for slaughter in a
sea fight with the Romans, 1,200 slain
in cold blood in the stadium, 6,000 cap
tive youth to dig for Nero in the isth
mus, and 30,000 to be sold into slavery.
The only existing representatives of this
strength and activity were the little clus
ter of huts called Medjel (Magadala)
and the shrunken Tiberias with its 2,000
inhabitants. From our path not a ves
tige of the other places could be dis
cerned. It was near sunset when we
entered Tiberias. We followed the road
through the gate, but could easily have
passed through the rents in the walls.
The now squalid city, mentioned but
once in the New Testament, has been
the chief home of Jewish learning since
the destruction of Jerusalem. Here the
Jerusalem Talmud was completed, and
here is now what may be called the
present theological school of the Jews.
Mr. Sharon Lost in the Capitol
Washington Star, Jan. 29.
Senator Sharon rushed out
through
the senate lobby, yesterday, and seeing
an employe, said to him: "Somebody
wants to see me in the democratic club
room; where is the democratic club
room?" "It's the democratic cloak room
you want senator," replied the employe.
"Well, where is the democratic cloak
room?" then asked the senator. Senator
Sharon has been at the capitol so rarely
during his six years of senatorial
"service" that he has never got the
hang of the place.
Jf other bas Recovered,"
wrote an Illinois girl to her Eastern relatives.
'She took bitters for a long time hut with
out sny good. So when she heard of the
virtues of Kidney-Woit she got a box and 1
haa-comnletelT cured her Liver complaint."
Health and Mom.
The Milky Way.
Light travels at the rate of 186,000
miles per second. Yet it is calculated
that the light from the nearest star to
us in the milky way occupies about
three years in reaching the earth, and
that the light of the most distant will
not arrive at the earth in less than 1,500
vears.
The milkv wav is a wide irregular
ribbon of stellar clouds which crosses
the sky in all its width. It, is indeed
nothing more, according to astronomers,
than the greatest length of this immense
lens of stars to which we belong. If
the whole sky does not appear nebulous
in every direction, it is precisely because
the nebula to which we belong is not
spherical, but of a lenticular form, and
that in the thickness of the lens there, is
less depth and fewer stars than in the
direction of the diameter. From the
spot on which we are placed, if our sight
pass through the greatest length it
meets stars on stars lnuennueiy, uecause
there is an immense expanse from the
point where we are to the edges of the
flattened nebula. But if our sight turn
aside from the equatorial plane toward
the sides, it meets with fewer stars as it
gets farther distant
All the stars which sparkle in the sky
during a dark night belong to a single
cluster, to a single nebula, the milky
way marking its longitudinal direction.
The stars are not isolated in an abso
lute manner, at random, in the deserts
of space; they form part of a whole;
the sun which" lights us is one of them,
and they are counted by millions in a
gigantic group, analagous to the distant
clusters. Instead of seeing a confused
glimmer, an indistinct light in the milky
way, the telescope separates tne stars
which compose it and shows that it is
formed of an innumerable multitude of
stars very irregularly connected.
The idea which we must form of the
milky way is then very different from
that which appearances present to us,
and from that with which the ancients
contented themselves. From the be
ginning of ages, from the firstobserva
tions of an elementary astronomy, the
semi-luminous train which crosses the
sky was noticed, and the ruling my
thology adorned it with images.
William Herschel, with the powerful
telescope made with his own hands, re
solved, toward the end of the last cen
tury, to count the stars comprised in
this zone; he addressed himself to his
task and divided his work into portions.
His lonp; perseverance was crowned
with success. By a careful comparison
of the parts where the condensation of
stars attains its maximum, and by an
examination of the extent occupied by
these immense rings, the great observer
found that the milky way did not in
close less than 18,000,000 of stars!
This is not the total number of which
it is composed, as this does not refer
to the lateral portions of this gigantic
mass, and all the stars of the heavens
situated on one side and on the other of
the plane of the greatest condensation
are not included in this enumeration.
What is the real extent occupied by this
collection of suns? The number of stars
which compose it, and the relative disj
tances from each other, comprises for
this extent a number which the mind
cannot well receive without being pre
pared for it, a number which it cannot
appreciate without making great efforts
to grapple it. We will not give the dis
tance in leagues, because an immenso
continuation of leagues exceeds the lim
its of even the vision of the mind; it is
better to take the measure used con
stantly for astronomical units. Now
the extent of the milky way, at its great
est extent, would be measursd by a ray
of light which, traveling 186,000 miles
per second, would travel in a straight
line, and without stopping, for 15,000
years.
Thus, as we are ourselves near the
center of this nebula, when in the field
of a powerful telescope we observe the
little distant stars situated in the depths
of the milky way, our retina receives
the impression of a luminous ray, which
started 7,000 or 8,000 years ago from a
sun analogous to ours, and forming
part of the same group.
If such be the extent of the nebula of
which we are an infinitesimal constitu
ent part, are not the other nebulae scat
tered in space also as rich and vast. The
milky way is not unique; many of
the nebula3 of the universe are so manv
milky ways, more or less similar to our
own. Some may be less vast; others
may possibly be vaster still, seeing that
in the domain of the infinite, space goes
for nothing. It is best for us, then, to
take the middle course, and to think
that the pale and diffused nebula which
seem to tremble in the distance in un
fathomable immensities, are milky
ways peopled with as many suns as our
own.
Horace Greeley at Church.
Lynchburg Virginian.
We can corroborate the statement
that Mr. Greeley was a church naiper,
for, on a Sunday evening in May, 5.865,
that we happi ned to bo in rtewyxorK,
we accepted an invitation , from Mr.
Greeley to accompany him to Dr. Cha
pin's church to hear a preacher of whose
abilities he spoke in the highest terms.
Mr. Greeley's pew, or that to which he
conducted us, was in the upper tier, di
rectly in front of the pulpit. After we
had been seated a short time a large,
fine-looking man entered from the rea.
and walked rapidly up the pulpit stairs.
This was the noted preacher, who look
ed very much like an Englu hra. in in his
form and appearance. Scurqely were
the preliminary services over, or the
text announced, ere Mr. Greeley, yield
ing, sunk into the arms of Morpheus,
and seemed to be utterly oblivious to all
that was passing. He not only slept,
but, horrible to relate, he snored so that
he could be heard all around. Nor did
he shake off the influence of the drowsy
god until, the services concluded the
shuffling of feet in that vast multitude
admonished him that, having enjoyed
the sermon in his way, it was time to be
moving. If Mr. Greeley could know
anything of that sermon, which was a
very fine one, it would be a mystery to
us; although we had heard before that
he could quote passages from a sermon
delivered while he seemed to be asleep.
Evidently the great journalist had en
tire confidence in his pastor, and felt as
sured that he did not need close atten
tion to keep him from preaching her
esy. The French Army.
George Merrill in Harper's Monthly for March
Under the empire a man might es
cape military duty by furnishing a sub
stitute, or by the payment of a certain
sum annually fixed "by decree of the
minister of war; but by tho law of July
27, 1872, it is declared that every
Frenchman owes personal military serv
ice, the right of substitution being abol
ished. He is liable to such service from
the age of twenty to that of forty, and
forms part of the active army for five
3-ears, of the reserve of such army for
four years, of the territorial army for
five years, and of the reserve thereof
for six years, making twenty years in
all.
Any Frenchman, moreover, between
the ages of eighteen and twenty-four,
who has not been already conscripted,
who is of sufficient height, able-bodied,
unmarried, or a widower without chil
dren, and provided with a certificate of
good conduct, may volunteer for five
years' service in the army or navy.
A soldier may also re-enlist upon the
completion of his five years of active
service, for a further term of two.three,
four or five years, during which period
he is entitled to extra pay at the extrav
agant rate of eight centimes, or, if he
be a non-commissioned officer, of ten
centimes (two cents) a day!
As a further inducement to remain in
active service, it is provided by the law
of July 24, 1873, that certain civil and
military employments are reserved ex
clusively for those who have been in the
active army for twelve years, and dur
ing four of these years with the grade
of non-commissioned officer.
The total effective force of the army
in time of peace is 450,000, and in time
of war 2,000,000.
We may add, in passing, that by the
terms of a law passed August 1, 1874,
horses and mules are duly enrolled and
are liable to conscription for. military
purposes.
i i i
The Expansive Power of Water.
It is a well-known, but not the less re
markable, fact that if the tip of an ex
ceedingly small tube be dipped into wa
ter, the water -will rise spontaneously in
the tube throughout the entire length.
This may be shown in a variety of ways;
for instance, when a piece of sponge, or
suo-ar, or cotton is just allowed to touch
water, these substances, being composed
of numberless little tubes, draw up the
water, and the whole becomes wet. It
is said to suck up or imbibe the moisture.
We see the same wonderful action going
on in nature in the rising of the sap
through the small tubes or the pores of
the wood, whereby the leaves and upper
portions of the plant derive nourishment
from the ground.
This strange action is called "capil
lary," from the resemblance the minute
tubes bear to a hair, the Latin of which
is capillus. It is, moreover, singular
that the absorption oi the water taues
place with great force. If a dry sponge
be enclosed tightly in a vessel, it will
expand when wetted with sufficient force
to burst it, unless very strong.
Wood, which is a more unyielding
material, acts with a tremendous force
when wetted, and advantage has been
taken of this fact in splitting blocks of
granite. This process is largely adopted
in Dartmoor.
After a mass of granite has been rent
from the mountain by blasting, it is
measured in every direction to .see how
best to divide it into smaller blocks.
These are traced out by straight lines
on the surface, and a series of holes are
drilled at short intervals along this line.
Wedges of dry wood are then tightly
driven into the holes and wetted, and the
combined action of the swelling wood
splits the block in the direction required,
and without any destructive violence.
The same process is then carried out
upon the other faces, and the roughly
shapen block finished with the hammer
and chisel.
A Land Without Birds.
A French novelist somewhere says of
the Englishman, "Let us go out and
kill something!" This is his idea of the
Englishman's practice. But he forgets
hisown countrymen. We have still kept
our birds, though many have been de
stroyed by cold and hunger during
these latter winters, and many more by
shooting and battues. Still our birds
are the glory of the land gloria in ex
celsis! But in France the fields are
mute. There is no music from the
skies. The larks have been netted and
eaten. The birds of gay plumage have
been shot and their wings put in ladies'
bonnets. All over the country sparrows,
finches, robins and nightingales have
disappeared. All are killed and eaten.
But now comes the punishment. The
trees are eaten bare; the vine is destroy
ed by phylloxera; the leaves of the
shrubs are devoured by catterpillars.
They ars seen hanging in bunches from
the trees. The birds have been kilted
that destroyed the grubs and phylljR
ene. Hence destruction is spreading
over France. The crops are eaten up
at the roots, and the vine is, in ieome
districts, entirelv fruitless. This inhu
manity, like curses, comes home to
roost. Waterton has calculated that a
single pair of sparrows destroy as many
grubs in one day as would have eaten
up half an acre of young corn in a week.
And the London Times says: For the
matter of birds, France is a dark and si
lent land. The eye searches in vain;
the ear listens in vain, for nature there
sits lamenting her children that are not.
Whatever may be said of republican in
stitutions and proprietary, they can
claim no partnership with nature, who
clings rather to her old friends, feudal
ism and aristocracy. If there were re
ported anywhere in France as great a
number of birds of gay plumage and
trilling song as can be seen and heard
almost anywhere a few miles from the
metropolis, populations would turn out
in fancy costumes, carrying guns and
large bags, followed by nondescript
dogs, ana ready to watch whole days
for the chance of a victim within easy
range.
In Italy birds are used for the amuse
ment of children. A string is tied to a
bird's leg. When the bird tries -to fly,
it is pulled down by tho string. When
its powers of flight are exhausted, it is
fenerally plucked alive and dismem
ered. The children do not understand
that a beast or a bird can be a fellow
creature. 'When expostulated they an
swer, "Non e Christiano" it is not a
Christian.
Best Time For Brain Work.
Dr. Foote's Health Monthly.
A writer for the London Lancet in
enumerating the advantages of early
rising, lays special stress on the state
ment that the early morning is the best
time for mental labor, that the brain
having had a few hours of rest during
sleep, is at its best. He says: "Those
who do not feel thus on awakening are
either the subjects of some morbid state,
or the slaves of a habit which, however
common, is essentially unnatural."
The subjects of some morbid state are
so common that they mat include all
those who do not find their brains most
clear, ready and useful in the early
morning, but we have another explana
tion to offer for them, one which will ac
count for it in those who are-not willing
to acknowledge a morbid state or un
natural habit. Our explanation is, we
think, physiological, natural and suffi
cient. It is this. As a rule our bodily
organs are at their best when "under
waj'," as is said of a steamer. A pe
destrian cannot do his best till warmed
up to his work. Racing horses are not
started in a race until they have been
"speeded" once or twice round the
track to limber their muscles. Though
sleep rests our muscles, we are not like
ly to wake in the morning in best condi
tion for athletic contest. It takes the
muscles some time to wake up and get
accustomed to their regular business.
Sleep affects brain even more than mus
cle, and to hurry the brain from a state
of absolute repose to its condition of
greatest activity is neither an easy nor
a good thing to attempt. Most persons
find their brains at their "best" towards
the latter part of the day, when that or
gan is not only better prepared for work
by a few hours of exercise, but also be
cause the blood circulation is then more
free, rapid and forcible than it is at ear
ly morning, and active blood circulation
is very necessary to good brain work.
The early morning is a good time to
use for awakening the muscles and
blood circulation with a little exercise,
thus awakening an appetite for a good
solid breakfast. When all the bodily
functions are invigorated and refreshed,
the brain will, like a well-fed horse that
"feels bis oats," be ready for whatever
it may be called upon to do.
m
Use aqua ammonia for the stings of
bees.
The public are cautioned to ask for
Dr. Bull's Cough Syrup, ard take no
other. Pnce.25 cents.
v
The Homes of America.
Fron the Boston Advertiser.
It is not a mere accident that the
homes of America are the most com
fortable and comforting on earth. Nor
are these home comforts due simply to
mechanical skill or economic judgment
A country which has limited the powers
of its government stimulates society.and
hio-hly moral society produces the most
pe'rfecfc homes which human eyes or po
etic vision can behold. No one knows
the American system well who does not
know the American nome. uur pomi
cal system is publicity itself; American
society has never been fully character
ized; while the best result of both, the
perfect home, has been praised in gen
eral terms, but not described and ex
plained in its true fullness. The novel
writers, from whom such descriptions
might be expected, have failed ignoniin
iously in their attempts at showing the
nuitiiracf i-ncmlta rt rmr snoinl fiVStfiTTI.
Yet this system is unique, and it is
a marked advance upon all Euro
pean models. The English home ap
proaches the American nome, while the
fiprman home annroaches the Enerlish;
but the ideal American home, not rare-
lv realized, has a comfort, a character
and a dignity ail its own. it may seem
to be wanting in the graces, traditions
and responsibilities peculiar to the best
English homes; it surpasses them in
moral dignity; it differs from all the
others in being the result of a highly re
fined civilization; it is the best and
purest outcome of our etherial and eth
nical system. There has been much
pleasant banter about the great Ameri
can novel that is to come. Let it not
dwell too much on politics; British poli
tics are larger than ours. Let it not
tell too much of busy people; the French
are as industrious and industrial as we.
Let it not confine itself to analysis of
character or sentiment; other nations
have both in abundance. Let it describe
the purest and sweetest of American
homes, and let it describe, not an ideal,
but that reality which distinguishes the
American home from all others, and
shows it to be the best outcome of our
history, our political institutions and our
social system.
Zero's History.
"Zero," on the common thermome
ter, like the fanciful names of the con
stellations, is a curious instance of the
wav wise men's errors are made immor
tal by becoming popular. It may be
worth while to sav that the word itself
(zero) comes to us through the Spanish
from the Arabic, and means empty,
hence, nothing. In expressions like
"90 deg. Fahr.," the abbreviation
"Fahr." stands for Fahrenheit, a Prus
sian merchant of Dantzic, on the Baltic
sea. His full name was Ga riel Daniel
Fahrenheit.
From a boy he was a close observer of
nature, ana wnen oniy iy years oiu, in
the remarkably cold winter of 1709, he
experimented by putting snow and salt
together and noticed that it produced a
degree of cold equal to the coldest day
of the year. And that day was the cold
est day the oldest inhabitant could re
member. Gabriel was the more struck
with the coincidence of his little scien
tific discovery, and hastily concluded
that he had found that lowest degree of
temperature in the world, either natural
or artificial. He called the degree zero,
and constructed a thermometer, or rude
weather-glass, with a scale graduating
up from zero to boiling point, which he
numbered 212, and the freezing point
82 because, as he thought, mercury
contracted the thirty-second of its vol
ume on being cooled down from the
temperature of freezing water to zero,
and expanded a 180th on being heated
from freezing to the boiling point.
Time showed that this arrangement
instead of beins: truly scientific, was as
I arbitrary as the division of the Bible in
to verses and chapters, and that "irom
Dan to Bersheba" expressed the exact
extremes of Palestine.
But Fahrenheit's thermometer had
been widely adopted with its inconven
ient scale, and none thought of any bet
ter until his name became an authority,
for Fahrenheit finally abandoned trade
and gave himself up to science.
The three countries which use Fahren
heit are England, Holland and America.
Russia and Germany use Reaumar's ther
mometer, in which the boiling point is
counted 80 degrees above the freezing
point France uses the centigrade ther
mometer, so-called because it marks the
boiling 100 degrees from freezing point.
On many accounts the centigrade sys
tem is the best, and the triumph of con
venience will be attained when zero is
made the freezing point, and when the
boiling point is put up 100 or 1,000 de
grees from it, and all the subdivisions
are fixed decimally.
If Fahrenheit had done this at first,
or even if he had made this one of his
many improvements after the public had
adopted his error, the luck of opportuni
ty, which was really his, woula have se
cured to his invention the patronage of
the world.
How Sister Hayes Shakes Hands.
From a Washington Letter.
The days of Rutherford are nearing
their end so rapidly that white house
events are spoken of in a farewell tone.
The last levee will occur next week, and
Mrs. Haye3 will stand in Hue and shake
the hands of the multitude but three
times after this week's "drawing
room," as they are attempting to call
her Saturday afternoon affairs. The
cheery "How do you do?" which she
prefixes to the names that are given her,
the smile and the cordial grasp of the
hahd, are peculiarly her own in the way
of official receiving. Concerning that
hand-shaking there is a little art in it
that few know of. When Mrs Hayes
first entered the white house she let ev
ery one shake her hand until her fingers
would be cramped and bruised, and her
whole arm aching and swollen, after two
hours of it It was no uncommon thing
at her first winter's receptions for the
fingers of her gloves to fall apart at ev
ery seam by the end of the evening, the
constant rubbing and grasping wearing
out the whole lines of stitching. Now
by a clever strategy she seizes the ap
proaching hand firmly, catching it close
up between the thumb and knuckles in
such a way that the stranger is unable
to return the grip. Every one exclaims
over this genuine, hearty hand-shake,
and, unconscious of the little trick, won
ders how she can keep it up for a whole
evening.
Mrs. Mackev's Dinner Party.
The London Court Journal describes
at length a dinner party recently given
by Mrs. John W. Mackey, of San Frai.
cisco, at Paris, which it pronounces the
most superb ententainment of the kind
ever given in that city. The toilets
worn by the ladies present were ex
tremely elegant The fair hostess ap
peared in a cream satin, brocaded with
rosebuds in faint hues of blue and pink,
and opening in front on an underskirt
of dark blue velvet
The floral decorations of the table
were arranged in a most novel and ar
tistic style, masses of white lilacs,
many-colored camelias, etc, being
placed on beds of moss in a seemingly
careless, but most effective manner.
The centre of the table was adorned by
a mimic fountain, decorated with pear
ly tropical shells, in the basin of which
swam living goldfish. The floral
plateaux were also adorned with stuffed
tropical birds of brilliant plumage, and
with tall and graceful reeds and striped
grasses. The whole of this exquisite
decoration was due to the artistic talent
of the master of the house, he having
sketched all the designs for it The
fruit, that filled to the massive silver
epergnes, was of phenomenal size and
beauty, the grapes in particular, being
perfect marvels.
An Irish Romance.
3. T.. rXcmA. In TTuDer'i Magazine for March.
When I arrived at Kihnurrey, one of
those storms which come from the At
lantic, and in an instant envelop these
islands in a cloud of wind-driven mist
made me seek refuge in a cabin. It was
a crowded, busy peasant's home, and as
I sat by the fire -the warmest seat being
given me with the invariable hospitality
of these people I found abundant ma
terial for observation and reflection.
Whatever cleanliness was possible in a
family of eight occupying one huge
room'along with two pigs was carefully
maintained; at least, the mother and
children were neatly and comfortably
attired, the hearth well swept and the
pigs were confined to the limits assigned
thfim. An old woman was cardiner
wool, a child rocking the cradle, and
the mother spinning at a large wheel.
The chickens, also driven in by the rain,
one by one hopped up a ladder to their
roost among the rafters, from which
they watched over their ruffled feathers
the busy family and the blazing hearth
with so much approval and satisfaction
that I am sure, if chickens be suscepti
ble to emotion, these were very tender
ones indeed. A dog sneaked in, and
seeing a stranger, went out into the rain
again. The dogs, which are not numer
ous on the island, are of the most miser
able and condemned aspect, and seem
to feel their ignoble ancestry, as they
invariablv jumped over a wall or ran
into some obscurity on the approach of
a stranger. While drying my dripping
garments, I saw for the first time, seat
ed in a corner, as if to screen himself
from observation, the figure of a young
man clad in white flannel, the costume
of the island. His face was thin and
sad, and of the same color as the gar
ments he wore, and he gazed at the fire
with such a dejected and hopeless ex
pression as led me to infer that he was
the fated victim of some terrible disease
-consumption, perhapsand was feebly
waiting through the long hours of the
day and night the death he knew to be
so sure and near. Ispoketonim.striving
in my pity to appear unconscious of per
ceiving his misery. Without answering.he
rose abruptly and left the cabin. The
looks of concern nd inquietude in the
faces abo utme told me of some unusual
sorrow, which the mother, leaving her
spinning-wheel, explained to me in a
low voice. She told me that the young
man, her eldest son, poor Owney, as she
called him, had until a month before
been the most cheerful and healthy mem
ber of the family; ready and prompt at
work, and the life of the household,
when a letter came from America to a
neighboring family enclosing money to
pay the passage thither of their eldest
daughter. It appeared that the young
man-iadlongentertainedasecretpassion
for this girl, and when he heard that he
probably would never see her again, he
declared his love to her, and besought
her to remain. So far from being un
mindful of his affection, she avowed her
willingness to marry him at once, if he
would accompany her to America im
mediately afterward. This was im possi
ble; his own family were unable to assist
him and the few people who possessed
money on the island would not lend it
without security. The practical damsel
saw on the other; side of the Atlantic
every prospectof improving her material
condition, and doubted not that husbands
were as plentiful there as elsewhere;
while, if she remained, she knew the
drudgery and hopeless slavery that were
the lot of all around her would be hers
also. Therefore she told hersuitor if he
could not accompany her she would not
listen to his suit. When the young man
found his upbraidings useless, be gave
way to despair, and had not worked or
spoken since his cruel sentence had been
pronounced. Every day he grew thinner
and more wan, and he did not partake of
sufficient food to support life. All the
solicitude and tenderness of his mother
had not succeeded in arousing within
him his former self, and with tears run
ning down her cheeks she told me she
thought he had lost his reason forever.
Some weeks previously the school
master had written for them to a priest,
a distant relative of the family, who
lived in Connemara; but they had re
ceived no reply, and she supposed he
had neither help nor counsel to give. I
pondered for a long while, as I sat by
the fire, upon what often proves the un
fortunate sincerity of men, and I could
not refrain from" deploring the no less
frequent levity of my own sex. In
passing through the village a week af
terward I stopped to say good-day to
these kind people, when I found the
house a scene of bustle and confusion.
My erewhile love sick swain was, when
I entered, making himself a pair of
pampootees, and as he bade me good
day over a dangerously starched collar,
his face glowed with health and energy.
The now cheerful and happy mother in
formed me that since my last visit they
had received a letter from the priest in
Connemara, inclosing his blessing for
her son, and the money to pay his pass
age to America. She had been very
busy knitting him stockings and mak
ing him a white flannel suit to be mar
ried in, and which thereafter he would
not again wear till his arrival in New
York, so that he would make a decent
appearance in the new world, as be
came the relative of a priest. He was
to be married to the object of his choice
the next day, and they were to start im
mediately afterward upon their long
voyage. As I left the damsel, whose
month's delay to prepare her outfit had
given such a fortunate respite to her
lover, thrust her head in the door, and
called upon Owney to be sure and wear
the blue stockings she had knitted him
to the chapel on the morrow; and then,
with her little retrousse nose turned up
to the sky, ran blushing away.
Always Idle.
The girls who, owing to their worldly
prosperity, have nothing to do, are to
be sincerely pitied. Safety lies in con
stant occupation; even "busy idleness"
is better than nothing; for while at work
on a worsted dog or cat Amanda ha3
no time to think of her woes or nerves.
Young men are forced to get their liv
ing whether they like it or not, but a
large number of young ladies in a fam
ily nave absolutely nothing to do. They
are above the necessity of following any
occupation; they are often too many in
a family to assist in domestic duties;
they have returned home from school
with some very poor accomplishments;
their knowledge of French and German
is not sufficient to allow them to con
verse in those languages; and just enough
music to indulge in a doleful song, or
badly play on the piano. They dawdle
through the day in a lifeless way, and
fall victims to a thousand little ailments
which the doctor is supposed to put
right by physic And the most curious
thing is that should the instincts of the
girl force her to put some of her ener
gies into use, she is as likely as not to
Be thwarted by the mother, who insists
upon it that her darling is overtasking
herself.
The art of etching upon glas was
discovered by a Nuremburg glass-cutter.
By accident, a few drops of aqua
fortis fell upon his spectacles. He no
ticed that the glass became corroded
and softened where the acid had touched
it This was hint enough. He drew
figures upon the glass with varnish, ap
plied the corroding fluid, then cut away
the glass around the drawing. When
the varnish was removed, the figures
appeared raised upon a dark ground.
Handsome calendars of Russia leather
and gilt are set upon easels.
HUXG BY THE KECK.
A. Mystery Connected with. BIho Eye.
Just before Gen. Custer and Guerrilla
Mosby had that tilt about retaliation
down in the valley, a captain belonging
to a certain Michigan cavalry company
under Custer, played the fool-hardy and
paid the penalty with his life. His tak
ing off was probably put down on the
roll as: "Killed by guerrillas," but there
are two or three men living who beg to
differ with the reports.
During the particular week I write of
the armies of Sheridan and Early were
about five miles apart Our pickets a
full mile beyond camD, and scouts and
videttes overlooked at least another
mile. Half-way between the camp and
the reserve picket was a farm house.
The inmates comprised a grandmother
at least 80 years old and so feeble that
she could not walk without assistance,
a child about 3 years of age, and a girl
about 20 whom the little one caned
"Aunt Katie." This aunt had blue eyes,
blonde hair, white teeth and a handsome
face. She had every bearing of a lody.and
half a dozen officers at once fell in love
with her. Our captain was one of the
number. In a little time he made such
an impression that he had the field to
himself, and one Wednesday evening,
as he was riding out to talk sweet non
sense, he met your, humble servant, who
was returning to camp from a lone for
nnn'iKr p-rnnrKtfnri. ana was ordered to
fail in benind and act as his orderly.
When the captain dismounted at the
farmhouse gate, he gave me his rein,
with the remark that he expected to be
absent about two hours, as ne was on a
bit of a scout to pick up information re
garding Early's movements. I swal
lowed the assertion with that due re
spect which a private should exhibit
toward a captain; but I had seen and
heard, and knew his errand perfectly
well.
During the first hour I heard snatches
of song and an occasional laugh from
the house, and twice theyounglady had
nlaved for nve minutes at a time on a
guitar. Two hours slipped away and
another then another. It was now 1
o'clock in the morning, and the house
was as still as the grave. Tying the
horses to the fence I- plumped down on
the ground for a nap, and I was yet en
joying it when a patrol came aiong ana
routed mo up. It was broad daylight,
and where was the captain? Both
horses were at the fence, and I explain
ed that my officer must have made up
his mind to breakfast with the family.
Til see about that," said the officer
in charge of the patrol, and he walked
to the house and gave a thundering
knock on the door. There being no
response he knocked again and again,
and then the door was burst open.
Some of the men ran out again as soon
as they had entered, and in a trice the
house was surrounded. When we came
,o search it the old woman was found
fast asleep in a bedroom. She was too
feeble to get up without help, and her
talk showed that she had but little mind
left. The child and the blue-eyed girl
had departed. In the parlor, hanging
by the neck in a noosed rope, was the
captain. His face was as black as ink,
his tongue out and the body was cold.
He had been dead for hours.
Now, then, as to the mystery. The
rope was a new one, and was passed
through a hole in the ceiling and floor
above. The captain's arms were tied
behind him, and his ankles lashed fast,
and he hung a clear foot above the
floor. The house was in perfect order,
a lamp still burned upon the table, and
theT e were no indications of a struggle.
The old woman could shed no light on
the affair, and the others were
fone. No men had been seen about the
ouse, and if men had hung the captain
there would have been a struggle and a
row loud enough to reach me at the
gate. The captain was armed, but his
sabre and revolver were hanging on a
hook in the room.
We had a score of theories, but none
of them could explain the whole situa
tion, and a change of base caused the
affair to be forgotten in a few weeks bv
all save those most directly concerned.
A. Russian Cheat.
A short time ago some Russian peas
ants were drawing water from a well in
Gadiatch, when one of theni spied a
picture of the virgin floating on the
surface of the liquid. They were soon
joined by two village girls, who, the
picture being pointed to them, declared
that, only two hours previously, they
bad seen it flying about in the air, and
watched it as it gently descended into
the well. This story spread throughout
the district of Gadiatch like wildfire,
and as soon as it came to the ears of the
landowner, upon whose property the
"holy well" was situated, he lost no
time in building a chapel over the
spring. To this chapel the population
of the district has since repaired in daily
increasing numbers, leaving the
churches empty of their congregations
even on Sundays and saints' days, so
that the local clergy eventually applied
to the police authorities for an official
investigation of the alleged miracle. In
compliance with this requisition, the
stanovoi of Gadiatch forthwith betook
himself to the chapel, seized the miracu
lous picture and deposited it in the
police office. Subsequent inquiry has
brought to light the fact that the virgin's
counterfeit presentment was purchased
of a traveling peddler by the speculative
landowner above mentioned, who had
utilized it, with the assistance of his
peasantry, for the creation of a sacred
shrine upon his estate, and had already
cleared a handsome sum by appropriat
ing the money offerings of the pilgrims
who had flocked to the "holy well"
from all parts of the surrounding coun
try. This ingenious gentleman is safely
in prison awaiting his trial for sacrilege.
The Regulation of the French Press.
The laws which regulate the press
continue to be very stringent, though
some modifications of a liberal charac
ter have been introduced since the fall
of the empire. Thus all attacks on the
constituted authorities, or on the reli
gion of the state, or on either of the re
ligions whose establishment is recog
nized by law, as well as all attacks up
on the" sovereign or other head of a
foreign state, all publication of false
news, all writings which excite to the
commission of crimes or misdemeanors,
or incite one class of citizens to hatred
of another class, and all defamation
of individuals, are punishable by fine
and imprisonment, while the publica
tion of insulting or abnsive articles, not
specifying any matter of fact, to the
detriment of private individuals ". e.,
a simple injure, as distinguished from
diffamation is punishable by fine only.
The accused is not permitted to justi
fy a libel by proof of its truth, except
when it refers to some action of a pub
lic officer in the discharge of his duties
as such. And only in this latter case is
the publication ot the proceedings at the
trial allowed, though, of course, the
judgment may be published. This ap-
fears to us a very salutary provision of
aw, which might well be introduced in
America.
The deposit of security (consisting of
an actual payment in cash) in the hands
of the government, was abolished in
October, 1870, but was re-established
by the law of July 6, 1871, though the
amount thereof is only about one-half
of that fixed by the law of 1852, the
sums now required being, for every pe
riodical appearing more than three
times a week, if published in the de
partment of the Seine, 24,000 francs,
and in any other department 12,000
francs, if published in a city having
more than fifty thousand inhabitants,
and 6000 francs in other cases; and for
all other periodicals (except non-political
publications appearing not more
.frequently than once a week), 18,000
francs m the department of the beine,
and in the other departments one-half
of the amounts specified as above. The
sum so deposited as security is primar
ily applicable fo the payment of all
damages and costs awarded against the
proprietor or manager of the paper
which publishes a libellous article, or
against the author of such article. The
stamp duty upon newspapers, which ex
isted under the empire, was abolished
by decree of September 5, 1870. Every
publisher is still obliged to Jdeposit two
copies of every newspaper ,or other pe
riodical issued by him, in the hands of
the public authorities. The law of De
cember 29, 1875, provides that no ad
ministrative authority shall have the
right to prohibit the sale on the public
streets of any particular journal. But
the most important change recently
effected in favor of the press is that
made by the law of April 15, 1871, re
moving press offences from the juris
diction of the Tribunnaux Correction
nels, and submitting them to trial byr
jury before the courts of assize.
Too Mach EdHcatiea.
Boston Post.
Lon- ago the poet told us that "a
little learning was a dangerous thing,"
and while the line doubtless had more
of truth than poetry in it at the time it
was written, this might be said of it with
still greater positiveness at the present
time. Comparatively few drink deep at
the pierian spring, though a mighty
multitude think they have quaffed of its
contents to an extent that imperils the
supply. A little learning is the great
curse of society, and it is a little learn
ing that is acquired at the majority of
our higher educational institutions. It
is not the fault of the latter that this is
so, for the best instructors rarely forget
to urge upon the student' s mind uie
fact that the so-called methods of edu
cation are intended more to teach how
to learn than what to learn. But the
young men and women of the country
do not understand this as generally as
they should. On the contrary, they are
possessed of the misleading idea that a
diploma from a college is an undisputa
ble proof of a liberal and practical edu
cation. When they present these cer
tificates at newspaper offices or tho
counting-rooms of first-class business
nouses, they will find that these testi
monials will be accepted only at a ruin
ous discount from their face value,
unless it can be shown by corroborative
evidence that they do not overstate the
facts. How glad we should bo if the
blacksmith's son could go through col
lege and return with an enlarged and
reinforced, but still contented mind to
his bellows aud forge. That would dig
nify labor; that would elevate the com
munities from which the best material
for the learned professions ami large
business enterprises is taken. It would
help to put libraries in humble homes,
and give men larger influence in humble
spheres. But because the blacksmith
has a smattering of Latin, or a glimmer
of metaphysics, and the farmer's boy
has plowed among the rocks and roots of
the Greek language about as we would
break up a New Hampshire farm with a
wooden plow, they are above primitive
usefulness, and have just education
enough to prejudice them against those
callings in which they are most success
ful and influential. The hand, guided
by the brain, and co-operating with it is
the perfection of manual labor. Canon
Kingsley said that books did not teach
common sense, and very true was that
remark. We almost begin to think that
books as they are used to too great an ex
tent tend to dissipate that precious endow
ment. The technical and. developing
schools are proving a partial antidote
for the present excess of impractical ed
ucation; but there is still much to be ac
complished. The question of adapta
tion is the great one and to that the
science of teaching should" be especially
directed. To form society in a single
mold is inevitibly to produce more of a
kind than can be easily provided for.
Fashionable Calls.
From the Detroit Free Press.
(Callers seated in the parlor of an
up town mansion.)
"I've heard she gave $300 for that
group. I'd just as soon have a chromo,
wouldn't you?"
"Hu-sh!"
"And just look at that center-table;
looks like a fancy fair for all the world,
one would think"
"H-u-s-h, she's coming."
(Enter, lady of the house.)
"Oh, you dear, darling creatures!
What an age since I've seen you.
Where have you been? enjoying the hol
idays, no doubt I'm so glad to see you
both!"
(Together.) "And we are so glad to
see you! How perfectly sweet you do
look! What have you been doing to
j-ourself? Oh, it's that lovely new
dress! so becoming! but then you look
well in everything!"
"Oh oh! Who's got a new sealskin
cloak? Dear Mrs. Smith. I just envy
you; it's a be-a-u ti-ful thing!"
Mrs. Smith "Well, it ought to be;
James gave $425 for it"
"Yes! but that's nothing for Col.
Smith you know. How is he? I do ad
mire the colonel so much! But then he
never looks at any one but you."
"Oh!yes! make me believe that! He's
a regular old flirt, but I forgive him for
everything since he's got me this cloak.
Well, we really must go; ever so many
more calls to make. Now, return this
soon; there's a darling. By-by sweet
ness." (Lady of the house to next caller) :
"Yes, that Mra. Col. Smith and her
sister what a dowdy that sister is did
call hero, and do you believe, she had
the impudence to tell me me that her
husband gave $425 for that shabby old
sealskin, as if I didn't know exactly
what it was worth! He'd much better
pay his debts." etc., etc, etc, ad in
finitum. Wealthy Irishmen.
Baa Francisco Sews Letter.
The idea that Irishmen, and especially
Irish Catholics, have no standing in the
commercial world is a common but er
roneous one. The fact is that on the
Pacific slope there are ten Irishmen who
own between them $418,000,000. Their
names are as follows:
J.W. Makey $150,000,000
Jas. C-FIood 63,000,000
J. G. Fair 50.000,000
L. Coleman, successor to O'Brien.. 50,000,000
Peter Dono'ut 25,000,000
HughMcGuire 20,000,000
C-E.Crocker 20,000,000
Luke Cavanagh 15,000,000
Gerald Malone 12,000,000
W. J. O'Reilly 8,000,000
$418,000,000
All these men, with the single excep
tion of C. E. Crocker, are Roman Cath
olics, and there are no ten men of any
nationality who can show such an
amount of wealth as these ten Irishmen.
At a Russian hotel you are obliged to
stipulate for bed-linen, pillows, blankets
and towels, or pay extra for them, as
the landlord assumes that you carry
these articles with you.
Old-fashioned thread lace veils may
be made into pretty neckerchiefs.
A CROSS BABY.
Nothing so conducive to a man's remain
ing a bachelor as stopping for one night at the
house of a married fnend and being kept
awake for five or six hours by the crying of a
cross baby. All cross and crying babies need
only Hop Bitters to make them well and smil
Injr. Young man, remember this. Trmtur.
4
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