-- .?
IHE ADVERTISER
.Published every Thursday by
PABBEOTEEE fe HACKEE,
Proprietors.
ficcjf o. 74 rtlePherson's Btect, up Stairs,
BROVNVILLE, 2TEBRASKA.
Ml 1 T "
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REl)iyG3LLTTEB OK EYERYPAGE
WE KEAP WHAT WE SOW.
BT H. CLAY PKEUSS.
por pleasure or pain, for weal or for woe.
fjlsthelawofour being we reap what we
sow.
We may try to evade them may do what
we will
Bat oar acts, like oar .shadows, will follow
us still.
The world Is a wcnderfal chemist, be sure,
AJ detects la a moment the base or the
pure;
We may boast of oar claims to genius or
birth.
Bat the world takes a man for Just what he
is worth.
w start in the race for fortune or fame,
Ani then when we fall the world bears the
blame;
Bat nine times in ten, 'tis plain to be seen,
Tare's a "screw somewhere loose" in the
human machine.
Areyoa wearied and worn in this hard earth
ly strife?
2j yon yearn for affection to sweeten yonr
lifer
Uemember this great truth has oftex been
proved
We mast make ourselves Invcable would we
be loved,
Ttio' life may appear as a desolate track,
Yett&e bread that we cast on the waters
comes back -jhis
law was enacted by Heaven above,
jhat like attracts like and love begets love
We are proud of our mansions of mortar
and stone.
la ear gardens are flowers from every zone;
Bat the beautiful graces that blossom within
Grow shriveled and die in the Upas of sin.
We make ourselves heroes and martyrs for
coM
Till health becomes broken and youth be
comes old ;
Ahjfdtd we the same for beautiful love,
Oer lives might be music for angels above.
We reap what ik 3e oh, wonderful truth !
A truth hard to learn in the days of our
youth;
Boi at but it shines out as "the hand on the
wall,"
Foe the world has it debit and credit for all.
Industrial Age.
COUNTRY MERCHANTS AND FARM
ERS. EMVir ebmstft Advertiser.
Under the above heading Geo. A.
Brown presents his views of the trials
of the country merchant and the, ten
dency of the Grange movement, and
also tenders the farmers a little plain
advice, and as he does it in a very fair
manner I propose to pause awhile in
our ''headlong course" and consider
some of the arguments he offers. In
the first place I was very much im
pressed by the very pathetic manner
In which he describes the SubI bank
ruptcy of the country merchant, and
were I a poet I would write an epi
taph, to he inscribed on the tomb over
his financial grave, something like
the following :
Here lies the wreck of or j who sought to aid
his fellow men.
B thought to loan them fifty dollars when
he had bet ten ;
Bet like the man whose heart is larger than
r is head.
Hetr.e! too much, and now he lies here
dead.
Now, Mr. Editor, T do not pretend
to be very deeply skilled in financial
matters, being only a plain country
farmer, but I think I do understand a
few plain business principles. If I
understand anything about the mer
cantile business, the merchant must
make his-entire profits by the ue of
the oapital employed In his business, j
... ,.., ,--..- Jf.ii aa .i f
--.
that in hie Ishnr will add nothlntr to
the value of his goods, but he must
sell them at enough advance on their
cost to remunerate him for his time
and capital employed. Now, let us
suppose he starts in business with a
few hundred dollars invested, he sells
at a fair profit, say one hundred per
cent per annum. In this case he will
make but a few hundred dollars, but
if l.e Is not content with these small
gains he buys a large amount of goods
on credit, and in order to sell them
rapidly he trusts them out to "re
sponsible and irresponsible parties,"
and as a necessary result of this man
ner of conducting business, he is con
stantly worried almost to death and
fiaally, as Mr. Brown Btates, becomes
S bankrupt. I
A few days ago I was talking with I
prominent business man of a town
not many miles distant, and In speak- I
fnrit ti. r . r.TTrn ho
informed mo that there had been but
io failures there within his reoolleo
iton, that one of these was a man who
ifid squandered his means by fast II v
ag and intemperance, and the other
started in business without any capl
kland came out as poor as he com
aieiicedi and I think to theae two
causes can be traced nine-tenthB of
H the failures that occur.
But Mr. Brown shows a good deal
ore familiarity with the trials of the
Qerohant than with those of the
rmer. In enumerating the bless
lags which the farmer enjoys he says
toe farmer is out of debt, and I con
fe I felt a little honest pride when I
ead that sentence, but what was my
disappointment when I read a little
farther on that the merchant became
bankrupt because the farmer failed to
Pay him his just dues, and that they
fcad better organize to pay their debts.
Sow i3 that, Mr. Brown, if the farm
er is out of debt how does -it happen
kat the merchant can fail for wantof
U pay, or that-they .can organize to
Pay something th3t they do not owe ?
1 think I can inform him that the
Merchant is .not the only one burden
ed with debt, but that there are some
&rmers I know of that, were they to
Pay their debts, would have but little
ieft. But supposing the case between
he merchant and farmer to be just as
ue states it, we common people can
ot see why he does not quit the busi
ness and go to farming. In .our coun
ty there ara no laws of .caste which
, IMF L1M7 11. M H H. jfm m m m h JW b Hk I H EK ESI I ' BR .K K V IH Mi H
Bk JBW l IbbbbbbbbV l LbbbbbbW V Ev IH Bl y I tH I SBB1 I S3 JSfa & . VBBBhl J 1 MK JETS i Ul I & t BB I I . & .- irfv
ESTABlVTSrTTmi
1856. i
Oldest Paper in tke State
ul
oblige the son to follow the business
of the father, neither did God create
him a country merchant, and if he
chooses to follow that business, while
we may admire his self-sacrificing
disposition, we cannot commend his
business sagacity. But I am not one
of those who think the merchants, as
a rule, are getting rich very fast.
Neither is their occupation such a
very easy one, and I will give some of
the causes to which I attribute it. In
the first place the business Is over
crowded. I know there are many
that will differ with me on this point,
and I will give the reasons why I
think so. Whenever I enter a store
and find they are unable to supply
their customers, that the goods sell
faster than they can be procured, or
that they are unable to attend to all
who come there to buy, and have to
turn some away, I must conclude that
there are not enough men or capital
employed in the business. On the
other hand when I enter a store or
business house and find the proprie
tor anxious to extend his trade, when
he informs me that if myself and
neighbors will give him all our pat
ronage he will sell considerably
cheaper: when he puts advertise
ments in the papers offering extra in
ducements for the people to come
there to trade, I must conclude that
that man does not have all that he
can do. And when I find this to be
the case with nearly all the merch
ants in a town, I can form no other
conclusion but that the business is
over-crowded there, and as a conse
quence when there are too many peo
ple or teo much capital employed in
any business somebody must suffer;
either the persons employed will re
ceive an insufficient remuneration, or
else their employers will have to pay
too much for their services. But this
la not all. As almost every one is
aware, the merchant is obliged to car
ry a certain amount of dead capital
that is there will be a portion of his
goods that will be unsaleable or that
will sell very slowly. To make up
for the first he must charge more for
what he does sell, and for the other
he must sell it at a larger per cent
profit. Now, if there are as many
again merchants as are necessary
there will be double the amount of
waste capital that Is necessary. But
I presume there are some that will
raise this objection : if you crowd out
half the merchants you will destroy
or reduce our towns, and those same
people will have to go to farming and
become producers and then where
will the farmer dispose of his produce
his butter, eggs and vegetables.
Now, if a part of these merchants are
unnecessary the farmer Is, of course,
supporting them for nothing, because
the other part could perform all the
services now rendered by all. They
could sell for a less prpfit, and give
more for what they consume, and still
be the gainer thereby. As for the
others becoming producers, if they
are not needed in any other business,
it ia the only thing they could do to
be of any real use. The more per
sons there are to do a certain thing
the less each one will have to do, and
the only trouble there is, Is for each
occupation to have its necessary pro-
-:-. rf Inhnrora ar fhflt nil Inhnr
11(11 Llllll lJA iUUVIU0 UW r-M M-- -
,.i mnBreiiftn
will receive an equal remuneration
In closing this already too long
communication, I will just say that,
so far'as I know, the Grangers are not
antagonistic to the merchants. They
recognize the necessity of a due pro
portion of men to be engaged in that
husiness. but they do believe that
there are some things in the present !
manner of conducting trade that
need correcting, and they intend to
endeavor to remedy the same.
Farmer.
oue ijewyoee: lettee.
The new Butter Pedestrianism
WeBton Bennett aiorrisaey and Fox
Ice Real Estate The Weather.
Correspondence Xebrasta Advertiser.
New Yokk, May 23, 1S74.
Olemargarlne is in more people's
mouths now than any other word in
Van- "Vrirt T referred to this two
weeks ago. Some ingenious cueim-,
cal fienddi3Covered that the proper- j
ties of butter did not differ, except in
flavor, from tallow or suet, or any-.
thing else in the way of fat. So this
diabolical wretch goes to work and j
finds ont the chemical atrocities that j
gives the flavor to butter, and pro- j
ceeds to make a butter which hei
styles Olemargarlne. He takes suet
or tallow and refines it, then he adds ,
these other Ingredients and works)
them all together, snd the result is a
compound which loons nue ouner,
smells like hotter, tastea like butter,
and. he says, is butter. But.-good-ness
! what kind of stuff is it ? When
you spread it on your bread what
earthly confidence have you in It? It
will require a more sublime faith to
eat it than it does the complex hash
at a boarding house. There is trou
ble among the dealers about it. The
dealers who bring the yellow article
made from actual milk drawn from
the actual teats of actual cows, insist
that they shall not be put in competi
tion with the manufactures of suet
and tallow. They assert that the
Olemargarlne shall be branded as
such, and put Jipon tie market as
suctr, .that the public may know ex
actly what they are buying. Then if
the people want the manufactured ar
ticle they may buy it, and if they
want actual butter they may bay It.
I tried Olemargarine, and I hasten
to give my testimony. It- won't do.
Poor people may be compelled to use
y-WArA"AWf'lrf' WA$' Af 4f 4PK . ::;.
something like It, but the human be
ing who can get pure butter will try
the new article jufet once, and never
again. Since trying it my respect for
that noble animal, the cow, has in
creased a thousand per cent. She
knowB her business.
PEDESTBIAXISil.
Pedeatrianism is the rage .here just
now. Weston, the great failure, who
has tried to accomplish more, feats
than any man living, came here to
walk 115 miles within 24 hours, which
for a wonder, he accomplished. The
mania for physical development has
spread to the upper classes. Young
James Gordon Bennett, the proprie
tor of the Herald, always fond of
muscularity, commenced paying some
attention to pedeatrianism. A lawyer
named Whipple had an Idea there
wa3 something in his legs and feet,
and match was made. The race was
from Mr. Bennett's house on Fifth
avenue to the gate of Jerome Park,
and the stake $3,000 a side. In addi
tion to this, over $50,000 was wagered
by the Union Club alone, besides a
large amount in Wall street. The
journalist won the race, making his
ten miles in one hour and forty-six
minutes. His competitor, the limb
of the law, reached the gate six min
utes and five seconds later, badly
blown and very crestfallen at the loss
of the $50,000 vhich his friends In the
Union Club had wagered upon him.
Bennett is a staunch sailor, and with
all his other business, manages to de
vote a great deal of time to manly
sports. And speaking of
MUSCULARITY,
John Morrissey has been and gone
and done it. There is a Democratio
politician in New York named Fox,
who, from a common laborer, has in
a few years become very wealthy, by
which I mean he has been in the Leg
islature a few years. Fox and Mor
rissey fell out, and the other night
they met In a drinking saloon. Fox
stigmatized Morrissey a3 a prize-fighter,
and Morrissey denounced Fox as a
thief. Both were correct. Fox got
excited, and Morrlseey, losing con
trol of himself, become for the mo
ment the gladiator of old, and knock
ed Fox through several partitions.
Now, a fight between ordinary men
ia nothing, but between two such
men it means something. They are
big chieftains, each with his follow
ers of thousands they are men whose
acts are public property, possessing
public Interest. True, one was a
prize-fighter and is a gambler, and
the other was and Is a ring politician,
but that matters not. The first repre
sented a Demoeratic District in New
York in Congress, and the other a
District in the State Senate, and, be
tween them, they control more polit
ical power than any two men In the
State. The party is already divided
on it. and what the result will be no
one can say. When Morrissey whips
Fox, the Democratic party of the na
tion is shaken to its centre.
It is a curious commentary on the
civilization of the 19th century that
such a man as Morrissey should pos
sess anv nower whatever, lie was
for years a pugilist by profession a
man whose living was in the ring
one of the kiud that had ho lived in
Bome in the time of the Emperors,
would have been compelled to the
life of a gladiator for the amusement
of the citizens. But this man this
bruiser not repentant of his past
misdeeds, but glorying in them
changing his method of life only for
the worse, for he now runs gambling
hells has been elected to Congress,
and to-day holds In his hand3 the po
litical destinies of the great city that
controls the great State that really
controls the Nation ! Is civilization
a failure?
Fox is really the worst man, for
Morrissey has occasionally a good
streak.
ICE
is an article very much discussed just
now. The last winter was so warm
and open that very little ice was
made, much less housed. Probably
the amount actually stored Is much
less than half the regular supply, and
that half ia an inferior quality. In
the country where cool springs and
cooler wells fnrnish the water, ice is a
luxury but by no means a necessity.
But here where the water runs thro'
miles and miles of pipes, and comes
out of the faucets warm to a sicken
ing degree, it is as much a necessity
as flour, for without ice to cool it, it is
really unfit to drink. The butchers
have to have it, the brewers, and ev
erybody has to have it. And now
comes a liot summer and less than
half a supply on hand. The people
up in Maine who cut ice for the New
York market, have doubled their pri
ces, and of course prices are more
than doubled here. Consequently,
the poorer classes will be compelled
to rub along In some way without it
how, I cannot see. But did you ev
er notice the wonderful capabilities of
poverty? The poor people who can
not get ice will discover that they can
do without It, and live. They have
been forced to the discovery that
they could do without a great many
other things, which would be essen
tial if they had. the wherewithal to
get them. But the doing without ice
is only a small part of the trouble.
The butchers make ice the reason for
advancing the price of meat, the
brewers for putting up the price of
beer, and so it will go through all the
trades and occupations. I should not
be Burpriaed if-the -street railroads
would advance their fares on -account
of this ehottage,
BROWffVlLLE, NEBRASKA, THURSDAY, MAY
REAL ESTATE".
There has been a marked decline in
real e3tate in New York within the
last year a positive deoline. A very
tew dwellings and stores were rented
this spring at the old rates, but a great
majority of landlords were compelled
to be content -with a reduction of from
20 to 50 per cent. And consequently
the price, or rather value, of real es
tate, has declined correspondingly.
This is not altogether the effect of the
panic, though of course that had
something to do with it. But there
are other causes more potent than
panics. The city is governed by non-properfcy-holders,
who take great
pleasure in sweating property. The
roughs and bruisers, who are either
In the government personally or con
trol those who are In, look upon the
tax-payers as their legitimate game,
and they make the most of them.
The tax-payer Is powerless, for the
roughs can and do elect not only the
city government, but, in the hands of
the rings, have a controlling power in
the Legislature of the State. Taxes
are piled on in every form needed
Improvements are blocked, and un
necessary ones are forced through
in Bhort, everything Is done that
ought not to be done, and everything
is left undone that ought to be done,
and for the doing, and the not doing,
and the not doing, the tax paj'er foots
the bill. Then again tendency has
been to over-do and the present con
dition of things is the necessary reac
tion. Owners of real estate over
built, and while the flush times were
on run their rents up to an uncon
scionable figure, which men submit
ted to while they were making mon
ey. But when the pinch came and
profits dropped and things began to
look blue the tenants found that
thousands of stores were standing
empty and they refused to pay exhor
bitant rents. In brief, they said to
their landlords, :,We don't care what
you paid for your ground or what
your building cost you our trade
will not permit us to pay these rentB
come down or we will move to
cheaper ground and cheaper build
ings." And the landlords came
down, not because they wanted to,
but because they were compelled to.
And it is to be hoped they will stay
down.
THE WEATHER
is fearfully hot, and it ia the more un
comfortable because it came upon us
so suddenly, but we shall get used to
It. Pietro.
A "MISSING IilXK."
Mr. Darwin's"missing link" has at
length been found, to judge from an
account of dwarfish human beings,
said to resemble a race of monkeys,
which Is given by the Siam TTeeZrtgee to come to his office
Advertiser : "On the island of Bor
neo has been found a certain race o
wild creatures, of which kindred va- walking. A party of armed soldiers
rieties have been discovered in the were sent to bring him. dead or alive.
Philippine Islands, in Terra del Fuego ! Magee waa arrested, thrown into a
and in South America. They walk cart and jolted over the stones to gov
usually almost ereot on two legs, ernment headquarters. Here Gon
and In that attitude measure about zales, not daring to shoot, took the
four feet in height. They construct butt of his pistol and struok his pris
no habitations, form no families, oner violently in the face, heaping on
scarcely associate together, sleep him in the mean time every obscene
in caves and trees, feed on epithet. At the same time the com
snakes and vermin, on ants' eggs, J mandant declared he should receive
and on each other. They cannot be ' foufhundred la3hes, and If he sur-
tamed or forced to any labor, and are
hunted and Bhot among the trees like
the great gorilla, of which they are
a stunted copy. When captured
alive, one finds with surprise that
their uncouth jabbering sounda are
like articulate language. They turn
up a human face to gaze at tbeir cap
tors, and females show instincts of
modest; in fine these wretohed be
ings are men and women. "London
Graphic.
J1R. STRIKER'S FIRST ELECTION.
When Charles Sumner was elected
a Senator, in 1S51, George S. Bout
well was Governor of Massachusetts;
Henry Wilson, President of the Mas
sachusetts Senate, and Nathaniel P.
Banks, Jr., Speaker of the House in
the Massachusetts Legislature. Sum
ner and Wilson represented 27,803
Free Soil votes, and Boutwell and
Banks represented 86,303 Democratic
votes, in "coalition," against 57,364
Whigs. The "coalition" shocked the
established order in Massachusetts in
more ways than one. It was a raid
by young and aggressive men, ofj
whom the current inquiry was, "who
are they?" It was a trick In politics
so shrewd that subsequently, by com
mon consent, the way to its repeti
tion was barred by constitutional
amendment, introducing the plurali
ty system in all elections with a fixed
number of seats in the Legislature.
To explain how it wa3 done: The
"Coalitionists" voted separate party
tickets for Governor, and united on
candidates for the Legislature, elect
ing, in the House, 210 members
against 174 Whigs. The majority in
the House filled the vacancies in the
Senate, which wasxnade to consist of
27 Coalitionists and 13 Whigs. Then
the two bodies, in concurrence, elect
ed the Governor and other State offi
cers. It was comparatively easy to
carry out that part of the programme
which involved Boutwell's election as
Governor, and it wa3 also eaay to elect
Bantoul (Democrat) to the unexpired
six weeks ofthe Senatorial term ; but
to elect Sumner, an Abolitionist, to
the foil Senatorial term, there was
Cherub. The contest was protracted
at the State House from January into
May, a large number of Democrats
scattering their votes, fearing to go on
the record as voting for an Abolltion-
1 1st, but fearing more that by absent-
ing themselves a Whig (Bobert C.
WInthrop) should be chosen. In that
Legislature were, we believe, Ben.
Butler and Caleb Cushing, Demo
crats, not openly voting for Sumner;
and Samuel Hooper and Henry L.
Dawes, Whigs, voting for Winthrop.
Pinally the Legislature framed what
was famously known in Massachu
setts for some years (until abolished)
as the "Sealed-Ballot act' for all elec
tions; and, on the first count of votes
under the "sealed ballot," Charles
Sumner was found to be chosen.
When, subsequently, Caleb Cushing
was in Pierce's Cabinet, and Ben
Butler wa3 the Democratio candidate
(against Banks, Bepublican,) for
Governor of Massachusetts, and when
Democrats had patronage and a south
ern constituency, responsibility for
Charles Sumner in the Senate was
readily shirked by an appeal to the
record cf viva voce votes, and the se
crets of the "sealed fcallot" were ever
sealed. Chicago Tribune.
LOVE.
3fee love that will eoonest decay.
The love that is surest to die.
The love that will soon fly away.
Is the love
That is told by a sigh.
The love that Is surest to last,
The love that a woman's heart needs,
The love that will be fast,
Is the love
That is spoken in deeds.
TRUST.
He came in gentlest pity,
. It seemed that I could see
My Father, ah, my Father, x
Bend down and look at me !
O, human heart of God In Christ,
O, pitying, patient heart of Christ,
Ho pointed unto Thee 1
Thou seest all. Thou knowest all.
The doubting and the sin ;
Bat more tender than my mother's love
Thy love that shuts me In.
O, so fall of mercy is Thy love.
That through that love I win.
BRUTAL, OI7TRAGE.
A British Ticc-Consul Onlereu to Be
ceiTe Four Hundred Lashes.
And lr that Don't E1U he is to he Shot.
New York, May 13. Panama let
ters of May 3rd say that foreign resi
dents on the Pacific coast are greatly
excited against the Spaniards on ac
j count of a tragedy that has occurred
at San Jose DeGautamala. It appears
, that the commandant at that post,
i Col. Gonzales, had a personal diflicul
' ty with the British Vice-Consul, Jno.
Magee, in reference to clearance of a
vessel lying in port. Tney naa ex
changed blows on the street, and on
April 24th Gorfzales summoned Ma-
The latter
excused himself from compliance, al
leging that lameness prevented
hls 1
vived this torture he should be shot.
Next mornlne the unfortunate Vioe-'
Consul in vain invoked the protec
tion of his fiag, and the remonstran
ces of James, United States Consular
Agent, waa also disregarded by the
commandant.
The Pacific mail steamer Arizona,
from San Joae for San Francisco, ar
rived at noon, but Gonzaies paid no
attention to her arrival, except to
plant two cannon In position to cover
her as she lay at the wharf, and then
proceeded to carry out his devilish
work on Magee, whom he had strip
ped by the soldiers, who held him on
the ground face down, and inflicted
over two hundred blows with rattens.
The victim losing consciousness un
der the infliction, he was then taken
to prison, Gonzales declaring the oth
er two hundred blows should be giv
en him next morning, just before hid
execution. Meantime a rumor of the
outrage reached Salvador, and a de
tainment of soldiers was sent to San
Jose, arriving just as Magee had been
stripped for the second torture. Gon
zales, seeing that his time had come,
ordered his men to fire on Masee.
They refused, and Gonzales fled to
the Arizona, but as he was climbing
up the ship's aide, three shots were
fired from among the passengers and
entered his body, and he fell back in
his boat. He was carried ashore and
died soon afterwards.
The Swing case in Chicago gives
rise to all sorts of irreverent protests
on the part of the enthusiastic cham
pions of the arraigned clergyman.
The fair young heretics declare Prof
Patton odious, newspapers make game
ofthe Preabytery and finaly a clergy
man, the Rev. Robert Ingersoll, has
this to say of the body which is siU
ting as a court in the cae: "Had
such men aa Robert Collyer and John
Staart Mill been present at the burn
ing of Servetus, they would have ex
tinguished theflame5 with their tears.
Had the Presbytery of Chicago been
there, they would have quietly turn
ed their backs, aolemnly divided their
coat-tails, and warmed themaelves.
The young ladies of Sacramento,
Cal., have a aearet detective society
for finding out the habits of young
men. Every unmarried lady in the
nlace Is a member.
28, 1874.
A CATE AJfD CORPSE.
An Interesting Discovery In Virginia.
From the Lynchbarg Virginian.
Buckingham county has a sensa
tion. A wonderful cave ha3 been dis
covered there, which a writer In the
Farmville Mercury tells about. Af
ter describing several chambers, the
account continues :
We had satisfied our curiosity and
were about to leave the oave when be
hind a large rock, or rather a spur of
the main rock which formed the bot
tom, my son discovered a larger pas
sage than any we had before seen.
This we entered, and after following
some six or seven feet, emerged into
an apartment of immense size. The
light of our torches falling upon the
stalactites revealed a scene of beauty
which waa fairly dazzling. The size
of this apartment I cannot tell as the
roof and sides were lost in darkness.
We penetrated to a considerable dis
tance, keeping close to one of the
sides so that we might easily find our
way baok, and would have gone far
ther but for finding In a recess, some
seventy feet from where we entered,
lying directly under a shelving rock,
the body of a man, wrapped in some
dingy cloth-like substance. We did!
not know it was the body of a man at
first, and were not positive that it was
until we had gotten it outside the
cave.
Mr. Boyd discovered the body, and
when we moved It from under the
rock my son found several large and
beautiful pebbles where the body had
lain, and a small round vessel some
four inches in diameter and about two
inches in height, shaped very much
like an inkstand with a handle; this
and the stones or pebbles he put in
his pocket. We took the body and at
once went out of the cave. Thecloth
es with which it was wrapped were
very rotten, and when we had laid
the body down after leaving the cave,
they had nearly all been rubbed from
It. What were left crumbled like
burnt paper.
We brushed the body clean and
found it to be the dried up remains of
a man who had evidently been of
mora than ordinary size, for I found
it to be by actual measurement 5 feet
9 inches length. It is dried and with
ered something like dried meat, only
the skin Is tightly drawn over it. It
is hard to the touch, and where there
ia a wrinkle itis hard like parchment.
It is impossible to form any idea of
what color the man was or what his
featurea were like. The body now 13
a sort of smoky color, and the hair,
though there ia very little of it, is in
tensly black. On the second finger of
each hand and on the thumb of the
right, were large square rings, round
on the inside to fit the finger. These
rincs and the small vessel I have re-
ferred to werf ovidentlv comnosad of
t 4 t-
gold, with a large quantity of some
kind of alloy which gave them a very
peculiar appearance.
We took the body to my house,
where it is now. When we arrived
with it there, my son bethought him
of the pebbles he had found, and
showed them to us. There are seven
in all ; five aro richly colored and un
like anything else I have ever seen.
The other two, I think, aredlamonds;
they possess in a very high degree the
powers of reflection and refraction,
and are about the size of a oornfield
pea
The coming transit of the planet
Venus ia 3 matter of great importance
to the scientific world. The phenom
enon will occur on the 8th of Decem
ber next, and extensive preparations
are being made for the observation of
the passage of that planet across the j
sun's disk. The last transit visible
from the earth ocourred in 1769, and
there will not be another till the year
2004. By the knowledge we now pos
sess, as a basis for calculation, it is
impossible to ascertain the earth's dis
tance from the 3un within 300.000
miles. When the total distance Is
about 91,4SO,000 miles, asslight a mat
ter aa the distance above mentioned
would seem to be of no practical im
portance ; but a variation of forty
timea the earth's diameter renders
computations too uncertain to suit as
tronomers. It is expected that the
observation, which will be taken next
December, will leave a margin of on
ly 50.000 miles oped to doubt. As the
transit will occur in the winter, the
base of observation must be located
south of the equator. Great Britain I
will have special stations in tiieSand
wich Islands, and In seven other lo
calities. The United States will have
eight parties in the field. France
will occupy three stations, Russia
four or five, and Germany five. The
problem ia simply the familiar geo
metrical process of constructing two
sides of a triangle in order to determ
ine the third. Tnter-Ocean.
We should suppose Professor Swing
would feel like swinging out cf the
Presbyterian Church, after brother
Patton'a definition of Preabytsrian
i3m. If the latter gentleman la cor
rect, a man of broad, sensible views
could no more be a Calvin 1st than a
hogshead could be made comfortable
in a pint cup. The world ia wide
enough for many religions, but Cal
vanism is not broad enough for Swing
and Patton. It will just about hold
the latter scripture measure. Si. Joe
Herald.
S. S. Holton, while digging a grave
inReedsbnrg, Mioh., recently, acci
dentally struck his brother with an
axe, severing .hia hand from hia arm.
Y0L. 18. NO. 48.
ancROscopic writing.
Mr. William Webb, of London has
produced a curiosity in microscopic
writing. He has accomplished the
feat by means of machinery on glass,
with the aid of a diamond. The writ
ing consists of the Lord's prayer,
which la written on glass in a space
equal to one two hundred and ninety
fourth part of an inch in length by
one four hundred and fortieth part of
an inch in width, a space correspond
ing to the dot over the printed lettef
i. The dot of writing has been en
larged by means of a photograph so
as to occupy a space of about two in
ches long by one and a half Inch
broad.
The photograph brings the words
out legibly, the number of letters be
ing 227. Such is the fineness of the
original writing that 29,431,458 letters
within the same way would only cov
er one square inch of glass surface.
The whole Bible, including the Old
and New Testaments, contains 3,506,
4S0 lettere ; therefore Mr. Webb could
write the entire contents of more than
eight Bibles within the space of one
square inch. Two specimen plates of
this microscopic writing have been
produced the United States Museum,
at Washington at a cost of $50 each.
The Webb machine, however,, does
not equal, in the fineness of writing
or the perfection it has attained, a
similar maohlne, the invention of
Mr. Peters, a wealthy banker of Lon
don. This machine produced writ
ng, as longsince aslSoo, nearly three
times as fine aa that of Mr. Webb.
It was competent to engrave the en
tire contents of the Bible, twenty
two times over, within the spac of a
single square inch.
From the St. Louis Democrat.
ENGLISH iaiailGRATION-
On the 20th Inst., the number of
immigrants that arrived in Caatle Gar
den, New York, was 1,564, the largest
number that arrived there at any one
time this year. Of these, 1,010 came
in the City of Bichmond, from Liver
pool , 322 in the China, from the same
place, and 232 In the Maas, also from
Liverpool, the other 250 came in the
Main, from Bremen. Of course,
quite a number of the passengers by
the Liverpool vessels were Irish and
Germans, who preferred to take that
route, but nevertheless in waa noticed
and ha3, indeed, been noticed for
some time past, that the number of
immigrants from England itself is
much larger this year th'an it has been
at any previous time.
There are two causes that accounts
for this Increase in English immigra
tion. The first and most important
one is the agitation of men like Jo
seph Arch, who are exerting' all
their influence and powers of persua
sion to induce the English field hands
to immigrate. A mors wretched,
helpless or ignorant class than these
English field hands, whose misery
Hood has sung in a ballad quite as
touching as that which tells the
suffering of the sewing girl, it is
probably impossible to find in any
other part of Europe.
Their brethren in suffering, the
Irish laborers, have at leaat their
warm Celtic blood, their light tem
parament, their rebellious societies,
etc., to relieve them in part of their
load of misery. But the English
field-hands are cowed down by centu
ries of oppression to a degree that he
can neithersing, Whistle, nor conspire
any more. It is only in rare Inatan
cea such an one as that which gave
rise to the ballad of Hood, allud
ed to that he rouses himself suffi-
ciently to put fire to a stack of hay
I or KraiD' and thu iadulee hia feeIinSs
of revenge.
As a rule be is stolid, apathetic,
without any energy or aspiratiou If
he is single and has fair luck It is
barely possible that hi3 wages will j
keep him alive ; God help him if he
has the poor man's only earthly com-1 analysis from, Samarang to Berlin,
fort wife and family. It ia impossi- land was found to be a fresh-water for
ble, says the Manchester, in des- j matiou deposited in tertiary lime
cribing the conditon of this class of j atone, and composed mostly of nnl
men, in a recent letter to the London 1 malaule3. According to LabHlarder9
Times, that they should be able tcjthe natives of New Caladonm ea5
keep the body and soul together with lumps of a friable kind of soap-stone,
the wagea paid to them in moat of 1 in which Vauquelin detected a -cer-the
counties of England. I tain quantity of cypper. Among
The tenants that employ them com- gome northern races, too, clay-eating
plain that their rents are too high tojprevaila. A careful analysis of the
allow them to raise the wagea of their earth-food of the Laplanders showed
laborers; and the landlord3 refuse j that it con taina a large portion-of ot
to lower the rents of their tenant, panic matter from the exitvus of infu
What are thee laborers to do? They sorial animals. Among the lower an
sae the landlords roll in wealth ; j imals the earth-worm and oShers are
squander in one evening's entertain-, known to feed upon earth; end the
ment or the purchase of a single, Spatangus (heart urchin) andlrent
blooded bull or horse, enough of the cola isand worm) fill Ihslr stomachs
rent of their lands to have enabled , with aand. The chief use of clay ir
the tenants, by its reduction, to pay
their field hands fair prices. j be for producing a distention ofthe
Shall they rise against landlords?, walls of the stomaoh, which seems to
As yet this would be an impossible (allay the pangs of hunger.
task In England, even if these poor! -
wretches had energy enough to at- j Whitewash that wtll not Rrs
tempt it. Shall they organize a stike I Off. Mix up half a pint of lime and
and direct their rebellion asainat the water, take half a pint of floor and
tenants? Cempelled by absolute
want to do eomething, they have at
tempted to strike, and the result haa
been that four thousand members of
the Field-handa association are by
thia time out of employment. The
tenants have simply orgnanized an
oppoaition Eociety asainst them, and
employed what they call the "lock -
out-
.-.. r
procea3. j
As the association of the field-handa j
is not very rich, it la eassy to foresee .
that this state of things cannot lasti
long. Toe iaDorers must starve or
steal, unless indeed they can immi-
grate, and this ia precisely what Mr. .turn gray hair.bacl;toit3 original col
Arch proposes to enable them to do. 1 or, be it black or brown, in thecourse
With this purpose in view, be reeent- of two or three days.
-
THE ADVERTISES.
ADVERTISING SATES .
-.feT fcg&Jffi
I inch.
1 1 00 72 00
2 so- ';4 00
4 00 6 0
7 00 10 00
J2 W t 13 00
flSf rf to tr.
2 75 I 36jt0
s oo jr eoico
8 00 I 100 tn
i3r'tnch
e mcnes.
12 Inches.
24 inches-
Tjegalaavertlseraeais AnepalrBteaT On square
(10 line of .Nonpareil spies, cr lesaO'SratrlaMrtlon
?1.0fl; eachstibsetraentlnseruon, 50c
ayAlltransdent adverilseruests Ernst be paid
1 forln advance.
IoFFICIAIxPAPEROFTHEGOITTY.
ly visited theUhlteoTStates and satis
fled himself that ho conld bring hl
fellow laborers to no country more in
in need of agricultural labor and
more disposed to p3ywell for it. Thff
result of his endeavors in their behalf
we are now beginlng to experience In
the large increase of English immi
grants alluded jto,
But it is not only the agricultural la-
boring clasa of England that swells
the tide of English immigration.
The manufacturing classes fnrnish
quite as large a contingent. With
wages no higher than twenty years
ago, while the prices of all the aecen
saries-of life have increased largelj',
they are as near starvation .an, their
brethren of the agricultural diatricta,
and a greater degree of sensltiveneoe
and intelligence enables them only to
realize more vividly the ill wretch
edness and Injustice of their situa
tion. "Whom the gods would destroy"
they first make mad," sayB the bish
op of Manchester In that letter of hia
to the London Times, referring to the
treatment extended to these- English
slaves. But, if Great Britain can af
ford going mad.and.belng destroyed,
the United States certainly can afford
to receive and welcome.on her shores
these hardy, son of England,
CLAT-EiTIXG.
A writer in. the Food Journal, dis
coursing on atrangesdlsheej communi
cates some interesting notes as to the
employment and mode of preparation
of that strangest of all edible substan
ces, clay. Humboldt, on the 6th of
June, 1300, spent a 'day at & station
occupied by Otomacs, a tribe of
clay-eaters of the Orinoco. He des
cribes the earth eaten by tliem arr an
unctuous, alme3t tasteless clay, true
potters' earth. This Ib carefully pick
ed, and kneaded into balls of from 4
to 6 inches in diameter, which art
then baked before a alow fire, nnK
the outer surface becomes of a re'dluL
color. The easrh is said to posaess
different kinds of flavor, and it is so
lected by the palate almost asr careful
ly aa our more dainty provisions. Be
fore being eaten the balls are moist
ened with water the Otomacs,
however do not appear to
adopt this article of focd from
choice, nor do they "jat it the whole
year round. When the waters of the
Orinoco and Meta are low they sub
sist on turtle and "fish ; bus during
the periodical swellings of these rivura
the Otomaca devour enormous quan
tities of clay balla, which are kept
piled up In heaps in their hut?.
Humboldt waa informed that an In
dian would consume from three-quarters
to one and one-quarter pound of
this food daily without appreciable In
jury to health.
The Otomacs are by no means sin
gular In the adoption of earth aa an
article of food, for the same, practice
prevails among several other tribes
chiefly in the tropica. It haa been
stated by Humbolt and other travel
era that the women employed in the
small village of Banco, on the Mag
dalena. in burning earthenware pots
continually fill their mouth with
large lumps of clay. At San Roja an
Indian ohild wa3 observed which, ac
cording to the statement of ltB moth
er, would hardly eat anything but
earth. The negroes of Guinea are al
so in the habit of eating a yellowish
kind of earth called oaauao. While
the slave trade between Africa and the
Weat Indies waa in existence, these
negroes on there arrival at the plan
tatations would endeavor to procure
some similar species of food, m&in-
. taining that the earth they devoured
wa3 harmless. It a found, howev
er, that the caouac of the Weat Indiea
had a deleterioua effect on the health
of those partaking of It, and its use
waa atrlctly fobidden.
In Java the same practice prevails.
. In 1847 some edible clay
was sent for
1 the human economy would appear to
make a stareh of it, 2nd pocr It into
the whitewash while hot. Stir U
well and il Is ready for 'use.
How to Clhait Tin. Never usa
lye to clean tin. It will aeon spoil,
Make It clean with suds, and-rub with
whiting, and it will I00K weil and
! Iast lcn2er.
The dreaded disease known as Ihet
cerebro-spinai-meningltis has appear
ed in several parts of Grant Coupty,
W-iaconsinj
Dr. "tuxed water and sulphur will