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Oldest Paper in the State.
i DIW UATTEItOXEYERTPAGE !
1" i. Ill !"" I TT1 --'""'"'
BR0WJ?TILLE, IJJEBRASKA, THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 13, 1873.
VOL. 18.-IT0.
- i i . j
I C
E J'
I
II
ST7SIKESS CATtBS.
4TTORXETS.
J. n. IJroauy,
-rT"tXE
A-! CO"XSh.lAJ
AT I,AW.
lre- -ttats Bin.
Brewavill .Neb.
3
'iiomai)
,,,vfv AT LAW OBice. Trent room over
: J wawnl Cms Hardware Store. Brown-
2
Stull &. Scliiclc,
-cv.Tivr-i and counselors at law.
, -f K r i .iti in the Kncfcsfa and Ger-
- ,. I--. 'ict,
jiv - "-"-TI ,.. -i, -4
No. 70 Mala street, Ojp
iir..
: '",.., -.iil.. Neb.
4-iy
i"" " - "
XV. T. Holers,
t-- ivn onnNSSTjOU AT LAW
. r ' " -
. i i '. V... . .. . . . luml
A..ZJ -t Al to nH care. 0ce hi Ooert Hause
nrp mi-r-nT urn wj .....
.-a!-.0!'
a.!i '
Mr
.wnville.Neo.
Hewett
&. IS civilian,
COUNSELORS
, ttHXETS AND
J.TLA-W
A j.,x'tvlle.Neb.
PHYSICIANS.
A--
" Hr.. :rinted in 1SSI. Loca-
. .. -k t nk.HLlnn rTJinll
' - . . , 'c n. ti Orefarh's
.rtvme iMi""wvrU.i .,,
i-i
r.
. tetncs u djsii of W -
'" Inis SVorr.'No. -C Miin street. Brown-
I JOT AUISS COLLECTION AGENTS
" .J. W- Bru!i,
of THE PEACK AND COLISCTION
-,-,. f'l.Ti.fec-jicl. tspecuw attention
' A? -.'."tJikirfSs-i 5 -ceo- for
fJV i'.3t Address BoslCBrorviHe..na-
'-
L. A- IS erf-maim,
V" V ' ' " V-nn street. Brownvllle. Neb-
- rr-nir aNI cu2i tn-a-j?-
vL
. 7TT Nf :arv Public n4 Oonvevaneer.
t- vr: -mad floor, nrowayllle
i - iii- K-uiib:- and .sercs.u Ton-
DrXCGISTS.
Lett &. Crelyh,
-. nrt dealer in Vaiuts. 0s. Wall
- ii-Paanwa S'.oct. No. Main
,v ".le NeL
ir-;
fe:r'
A.1-
-.rr- l p.etl Esis.ta'id Tax Paying
. .'ic ju tcswuil Bloat. center Kirsi
,T-srt WiilovepromptfcttentlonMi
i i ; la.:-.-aad tb Payeai.uJ l'aseb
.i: i Ne'OTa:. uw jjh;i..
Ttf
!l:::-v
Iir-'JHiS. Kel Ssurte Asent d
. ' lio-m nome.-: corner 3Sc
ap -tirt. BrowpTiUr. T.eb.
IIij-.JVKH. Ii,l Estate sad Tax
j.a-e In Uwtnct Court Itoom.
r:eim a u the t of Keal K-.-
r
LASD AGENTS.
ri
V
OitilX D2.VLBIIS.
Gri G. Start,
:. IN GliAlN AND A5KICCI
.uLs. nd .-ars? Vorwurdlnp
;.l rcbaul. AHnw.U.Neb.
S.VDDLERT.
' 1 -. Bridles. Collars. Krc No.
i I- visvi;!e.Neb. 3tBt!lisdonf
r . ' . ix an.ec
BiiIIK;2 EriLDING.
---L. 3nd?f Bail Jer mad Oontnictor.
. - . sjle -sa; for P W.t-uiuh'
f... Tueatjxte:aadbstwoodct'
iioti:l.s.
-O li'jl?'. I I. ItobHOu. Proprietor.
- rr- . b; u iloin and College. iOuu
i -.-. t.ijUjlu la concetlion w:tl. U.is
GUN SJllTil-
w
v. i "K.tiaaSmttli Jt Lock Smith.
;: l il-:n -street, iirewavUle.
..- il-tjordr,a!idrepalrlBKdone
ELACIiSillTIIS.
J. V. Gll)cu,
T.: aN'D HORSE SKOSR. "First
Ma.nnd Atlantic. HrowLVi.lc.
to order and stisiacttan pttiran-
B
EOOT.s AND SHOES.
' .,:n-kN" Boot and Shoe 3acer No.
-' -inm ut lilt-. Neh. ilacon"tiint-
- ts-rtrtiaca: of tJent's, Lady's.
. -i-i .i - BJli and 2i,irtsk. Custoa.
vr . , i-i-aferf jind dispatch. Uepcinug
Ss-ALOOXa.
J '
' VHT "-) . Peaco and Quiet a
"-irct HroA-iViIie. Ntii. TLe
i i i"p .fpi .ti band
?Z?.TJ ASVZRTlSZodSNTS.
05
AT. PETERSON 83
1 X.
w;:: mtke tn order hf
HOOTS AI03 SHOES. M
U Wmm i w J . jr
. a and see Samples. fe-ri
2sTO FIT 2sTO SAJL3. 5
J tl jRK KAZZJLZTZD. fe"J
? JOIIX Z2ElLTXSDOS, as
1 1 Fashionable Soot and Shoe g
MAEE?.. I;
" ClTOa M0BE ALWAYS GS IIAXD.
- . .rst-;.uted wit b neatness. . "-;
AL EXAMINE MY STOCK ?-
R. K. S3IITS,
D
TTJIO Unnnn
luicrddUBfii
AGEXT.
??c:.
.! R'tPltioudveii to rvJlfr.lton of nfltK
b-j accounts for uou-resldents.
A-r-s-T - "J PERU. Nemaha Co.. Neb.
W. ..
?5
SsrbaShm&agBt
n.TiTTSt.
MM twjui 9
W. C. CU3I3IXXG.
u -nn- In tin nectest and latest
f'. 'icesi brands of Clears con-
iiand. Deileioas Oonfeotioiiery.
a MtanoD. Oybters stews on short
u r ounutin in ful! Wast.
- opposite Brick Church,
r i
W ELL:
v
.W. EXALTS
SOLE PMOPSIETOn.
iss the exclusive rizht
-f putting in BORED
WF.LLS m NEMAHA
zim. s
COUNTY. Calls by
iter receive prompt
attention. Parties mav
iRnv of PINS, OALVENI2ED
OR CEMENT TUBING. "We make
j , " -J2t ROCK., a, we are provided
x. " "- 'sand pound horse-power drill
, s z- as Auger. Guarantee water
; PoToHce address, PERU, Neb
" - 1 . Winter as teeU cu Summer.
TSUSTK X,rrVT3.
US. Mail and transfer Hacks.
-H IlEG ULARTEIPS DAILY FROM
ERU, NEBRASKA,
TO
Keb-
Sska Hiafeinsr connection with trains
--y, ou ire MWland Pacinc K. K,
?owaTine and return dalfv. making con
rf - ittj lb" Bosses to Phelps Station,
7 'K. a, St. Jo. & C. B. R. R.
'- hacks toAraeoviaNemaha City,
-. Hillsdale and St. Deroin.
" -KJ,
e-.
; v ITr 'AND EXPRSS of
.!?.? tnese routes All iVlIlQS
-5fieners comfortably provided for.
? htoderate.
-U"-I'2 at.pHv Bros.'s Drug Store, Peru.
"""3 Vi" receive prompt attention.
2- H. THOMPSON, Prsu'.t,
PERU ADVERTISEMENTS.
Insurance not a Privilege bt a Duty.
Continental Insurance Company
OF NEW YORE.
Assetn over ..-. S2,000,000
I.oseKpnFa lb Chicago. . . . 1,500,000
Losses paid In Doitoa, .... 500,000
Porrn made a specialty, upon thelustal
i Hi 111 ment or Annual Premium plan,
Picb-c for Ave years; less than live years,
iSiirVo stock plan.
Insure acainst loss or damage by Fire and
LlRhtnlng buildings and contents, hay.craln
and stock. GEO. T. HOPE. Pres.
Ctkus Peck. Sec
C. J. Barbek, General Agent, Omaha.
P. M. MAHTIN,
AGENT FOR NE3IAKA COUNTY.
BARNES z MOODET,
DAVID 11AHXES. S. S. StOODEY.
DEALERS IN
OENEEALj
i j " '
DRYGOODS GROCERIES
EOCTS,
Quaensware-
SHOES,
frlnSSTP-aTfi.
K i ---"--wj
F.
T
Q HING,
j j CAPS,
Lj , Latest Styles.
r variety.
Til El
HATS,
LA5IPS of the
in great
H
A FULL
LINE OF
M! o il dings.
ror ! Tfl
lor
?. ;
cture rj
Frames.
HIGHEST .UAIilCET PK.1CE
PAID FOR
For Prcucat or Spring Delivery
We are constantly fiMlng up -vita new goodu
7hlch tvc
SBI.2L IiOISr DOW3T
to suit purchasers.
WE REFER TO OUR CUSTOMERS.
S. H,. DAZLT,
r DRUGS, aiEDIClXES,
CHE2IICALS.
FINE TOILET SOAPS,
Faacj Hair .t Tooth Brashes.
Perfumery,
Toilet Articles,
TliCSSES. SnOCLDEB BRACES,
Grass and Ganl&i Stcds,
PUIIE "WINES AND LIQUORS FOR
ilEDIClNAL PURPOSES,
Puiats, Oils, Yaraislies ar.d 2)yc Stuffs,
Letter l'cicr-,Pcri3, IsItB, Envelopes,
glass:, putty,
Cirbon Oil Lamps and Chimneys.
Ph jsician'.s Prescriptions Carefnllj- Corapoanded
SOHOOI
10 SlU-obfo
We Invite yonr sttenUon to the superiority of the
STATENT
COMBINED.
IT HAS THE FOLDING DESK AND SEAT.
IT IS FB.EE ntOil NOISI
IT IS STEONG, BEATITrFUL, CONVENIENS
DUttABLb.
The ca -.tines are one-fourth heavier than those of
any other dMt. and so flansred as to secure the
-reatest possible strength. The wood la aele-ted ;
cherry, ivnlnnt or ash, thoronshly sea-soned and ;
fciin-drled, and handsomely fcnfined in shellac !
The seat, arm. and back, are beautifullycarvedaad
slctted. we ccarantee ajrainsi oreaKae ia lair
usae. It tits the school house for school or church
purpoaea.
AVe also manufacture "THE GEM," as Its
name ind'eates. an eiezont stationary Top I)efc.
The "KCOXO.UIC" absolutely defies competi
tion in nrwes lnr fnrnitnrp WTTIlTI IS GOOD.
AVearealsoma'iini-a fall line ol Becitation Set- I
,e Toarh.r't TimK fhnirv and all SCHOOL 1
'--" - -- .-w, .-.-w, -- I
our 'list or 'apparatus "includes
&.ffisgfiSSXESa I
'locks. Hell' Globes
Ltanid-SlHtlne.nhiilfe'- Phtlosonhical
Apparatus. Uictlonaries. and everything desirable
in anv grade of schools, all of which we will sell
lor cash, or on sufficient time to enable a district td
lew and prMect a tax.
Baade't iteadinjr Case U rapidly pupercedins- the
ordmaryreadim-Tablets. tS.(Mjrrouns.phnu-es and
sentences, based upon tee word-tnetbod, admirably
adapted to primary lesson- in Drawing. Numbers.
Headinz.and Grammar. Address onr nearest agent,
who wUl call upon you wiUiout delay.
National SohoolPurnitoeOo.,
-i" .! ,ir ..r t.. 1
and 115 State Street
CHICAGO.
P. M. MARTIN. Excluetre Accnt for Otoe. Ne
maha, Jttchnrdsou and Pawnee couuUes, solicits
c3rrapondence. Will visit vou with samples. Five
or ten-year building bonds negotiated without
charge to patrons. Address
Bor- "101, Pern, Nebraska.
CHAELES GAEDE
PJROPiirETOB.
Guests received at all hours, DAY
and NIGHT. Connects v.-ith
jLiI-eerj- Stable
nndcrsame management.
iS-Careful attention given to the
wants of guests. Wc refer to the
traveling public
CS
. xV. CCLBERTSOS,
LfI 1
COIJTP.ACTS TAKEN.
HaterialFiimislierl -when Desired,
at terms and rates, which defy competition.
Address, or call at Shop, corner Filth and
Park streets, Peru. en.
Tj., t J A. M. tilLLKXX,
Kelers to ,T ., -.Tr tc bt-i
I A.
M.
CSS
J. BJLATKJE,
All Operations Fer-
rorced ia the best
manner;
Orricys:
At re&idence on Main
street.
At Rock Port, Mo., from 1st to Tth of each I
montu.
JOB PEENTING-,
OF ALL KINDS.
"Koatly and Promptly Executed.
AT THIS OFFICE.
C3" Warranto rind Mortsaxe Deeds, far
sale at the Advertiser Counting Room
J QUBSCBIBE fbrthe"WecklyAavertiaer."OJC
tj
UP
H
till 2UE.2l? H
t-a.-J
PiDBEHim t. D M0
UMrul Ul C1!a DUILD
BITS
''BECKY MILLEU."
Go vay, BecVy ililler, go vay !
I don't lofe you now, not one small little bit.
ily dream was played oud, so please got and
git.
Your false-headed vays I can't co long nilt.
Go vay, Reeky Miller, go vay !
Vasall der yonnp 'woomans so false-head
like you,
ilit a face nice und bright uud a heart plack
und pine,
Uud all der vhlleschwearln you loved me so
true.
Go vay, Becky 3IIIler, go vay I
Ven vonce dought yon vas a Ethar vay up
high,
I like you so better as coconut nle.
But, oh, Becky ililler, you seem now a big
lie
Go vay, Becky JSIlller, go vqy
You dook all der bresents what I did pre
sent, Yes, gobbled Tip every blamed von vatT sent!
All der vile mlt annuder young rooster you
vent;
Go vay, Becky .Miller, go vay !
Ven I first found oud dot you'so such a big
lie,
I didn't know vedder to scbrnudder or die.
Bat now, py der jinjjo' I don't often gry.
Go vay, Becky Miller, go vay 1
Don't try to make bleef you vas sorry obond"
I don't bleef a dins vat conies oud of your
moud.
Und deslde I don't care, for now you're blay-
ed oud.
Go vay, Becky Miller, go vny
TEEMS OF THE EEPUBIIC.
Jackson,Websterand Calhoun
In Iheir Palmy Iuyg.
The Great IS unification Debate in the
Senate? in January- 1S30.
DESCRIPTION OF THE SCENE BY
AN EYE-WITNESS.
Speecn of Calhoun on the "Force BUI"
in 1833 Pleo. for Soutli Carolina.
The
Words und Deeds Wlticu Have
Made these Men Immortal.
Col. Forney, in the last of his series
of " Anecdotes of Public Men," gives
the following brilliant sketch :
Three figures Andrew Jacksont
Daniel Webster, John C. Calhoun
dominated the historic period when
nullification reared its brazen head in
1S30, and cowered before the Presi
dent's proclamation in 1833. Many
other luminaries shone in that bril
liant interval, but they were the sate
lites of these supetior Ktars. Calhoun
was the cold philosopher of the fatal
theory of secession, Jackson its fierce
antagonist, and Webster the ponder
ous chuunion of the truth that the
constitution was the best conservator
of the Union. Above all the subor
dinate combatants, these three nnnie
live in supreme splendor. John
Qirnoy Adams had been overwhelm
ingly defended by Jackson in!S2S,and
Henry Clay, his Secretary of tState,
ha I feft Washington city with him
after the inauguration of Jackson, in
the spring of 1S20 ; so that neither was
in Congress when the great debate be
iruti on Foore'fl resolution, offered Dec.
29, JS29. Both, however, re-entered
the public service in 1831 Adams to
remain till his death. Feb. 23, 1S4S,
and Clay except an interval of seven
years, from 1S42 to 1S49, when he was
re-elected for six years till he died,
June, 1S52. Poole's innocent resolu
tion, the cause of bo much excitement
and such grave results, was as follows:
Resolved That the committee on
public lands be instructed to enquire
Into the expedienci of limiting, for a
Certain period, the sales of the public
lands to such lands only as have here
tofore been offered for sale, and are
subject to entry at the minimum price.
Also, whether the office of Surveyor
iensrB! may not be abolished with
out di.tr ment to tl e public service.
Mr. Webster had been a most effici
ent advocate of Adams in the previ
ous presidential election, and this
harmless resolution was made the
: pretext fora violent assault upon New
' England, and upon himself, .by the
' partisans of Calhoun, who was then
Vice President, and of President Jack
son, but, a3 the result proved, not
with the General's sympathy. The
resolution was introduced without the
knowledge of Mr. Webster, and yet
he saw no harm in its terms or pur
pose. But Mr. Benton, who opened
the debate, declared It to be an attack
upon the west, and said, "the west
must still look to the solid phalanx of
the south for succor." He also de
nounced the policy of New England
toward the west as most illiberal and,!
unjust. Col. P.obert Y. Hayne, one
of the Senators from South Carolina,
and Mr. Calhoun's confidential friend
rnir.xi.0, Ttrr
JOllOV eu lJ.r.
Benton in a speech 01
great bitterness against New England
beginning with a complimentary sal
utation to the Missouri semuor, biiu
adding that "The south would al
ways sympathise with the west." On
a previous occasion, Col. Hayne had
tried to get into a controversy with
Mr. Webster, but the suddenness of
this new assault on New England
' fiT SmT -SZ5-
warmth. One passage of this reply.
not often quoted, may be published
for its prophetic truth. It was spoken
on Jan. IS. 1830, and reads strangely,
in view of the astounding aggregate
of the succeeding forty-three years:
" And here, sir, at the epoch of 1794,
let us pause and Burvey the scene. It
is now thirty-five years since that
scene actually existed. Let us, sir.
look back and behold it. Over all
that is now Ohio there then stretched
one vast wilderness, unbroken except
b two small spots of civilized cul
tr the 0110 at Marietta, the other at
Cincinnati. At these little openings,
bardlv a pin's point upon the map.the
arm of the frontiersman had leveled
the forest and let in the sun. These
little patches of earth, themselves, al
most shadowed by the overhanging
boughs of thai H-ilderness. which had
stood and perpetuated itself from cen
tury to century, ever since me crea
tion, wore all that had been rendered
verdant by the hand of man. In an
extent of hundreds and thousands of
square miles, no other surface of smil
ing green -attested the presence of civ
ilization. The hunter's path crossed
mighty rivers, flowing in solitary
grandeur, whose sources lay in remote
and unknown regions of wilderness.
It struck upon the north, on a vast
Inland sea, over which the wintry
tamnaata rnrrrt nts on the OCeaU ; all a-
round was bare creation. It was a
fresh, untouched, unbounded, mag
nificent -wilderness. And, sir, what
is it now ? Is it imagination, only, or
can it possioiy ue laui-, ..-m.-w...
such a change as surprises and aston
ishes uswhen we turn our eyes to
what Ohio now is ? Is it reality, or a
dream, that in so short a period as ev
en thirty-five years, there has sprung
upon the same surface an independ
ent State, with a million of people?
A million of inhabitants! An a
mouut of population greater than all
the cantons of Switzerland ; equal to
one-third of all the people of the TJ
nlted States when they undertook to
accomplish their Independence! If,
air, we may jude of measures by
their results, what lessons do these
facts read us upon the policy of the
government? What inferences do
they not authorize upon the general
question of kindness or unkindneas?
What convictions do they enforce as
to the wisdom and ability on the one
hand, or the fojly and incapacity on
the other, of our general management
of western affairs? For my own part,
while I am struck with wonder at
their success, I also look with admi
ration at the wisdom and foresight
which originally arranged and pres
cribed the systeuj for the settlement
01 tue puDUo domain."
The real debato opened Jan. 21, 1830
Mr. Webster had an important case
in the Supreme Court, and one of his
fxlends (Senator Chambers, of Mary
land,) asked to postpone the discus
sion till Monday, when Col. Hayne
resisted with much vehemence. He
saw the Senator from Massachusetts
in his seat, and he could not consent
to a postponement till he had replied
to some of the observations of the
gentleman the day before. Putting
his hand on his head, he said : I have
something here which I want to get
rid of. The gentleman had discharg
ed his flre in the face 01 the Senate,
and I demand an opportunity of re
turning the shot."
"Then it was" to use the words of
a distinguished Southern"member of
Congress who witnessed the "scene
" that Webster beemed to grow taller
and larger. Folding his arms in his
own majestic manner, he said : " Let
the discussion proceed ; I am ready
I am ready now to receive the gentle
man's fire." Col. Hayne's speech,
able as it was, has been made memor
able by Webster's immortal reply.
JJe was violent and personal, Belf-eon-
nuent and arrogant, and was openly
encouraged by Vice-President Cal
houn, who sent bim notes and sugges
tions repeatedly while he was speak
ing. All the Jackson leaders stood by
applauding him Benton, Grundy,
Woodbury, Duff Greene, of the
Washington Telegraph, (Jackson's
organ), and many more. The Senate
adjourned over till Monday, Jan. 25.
1S30, when he resumed in a tone still
more belligerent and offensive. He
left nothing unsaid against Mr. WTeb
8ter. A fine person, fluent elocution,
and a melodious voice, gave point to
his invective. He laid great stress
upon Mr. Webster's change of posi
tion on the tarijr. Speakiug cf his
free trade speech in the House in 1824
he said: On that, the proudest day of
i,jsijfei Hke a mighty giunt,
he bore
away on his shouiders, the pillars of
the temple of error and delusion, es
caping himself unhurt, and leaving
his adversaries overwhelmed in ite
ruins. Then it was that he erected to
free trade a beautiful and enduring
monument, and inscribed the marble
with his name."
Tuesday, Jan. 23, 1S30 the next day
Mr. Webster rote tb replj'. So much
has been written of this historic effort
that little more need be written of it.
Never shall I forget its impression up
on my youthful mind, n r its lasting
effect upon parties. Webster must
have felt as Cineas felt after his mis
sion to ltome, when asked by his mas
ter, Pyrrhus, how the Roman Senate
appeared, wheu he said : " Like an
assembly of kings." Ho made little
preparation. He needed little, for he
was full of his subject. On the even
ing before, while reclining on his sofa,
he said, in answer to a friend, who
heard him laughing: "I have been
thinking of what Col. Hayne said a
bout Banquo's ghost, and I will get
up and make a note of it." One more
authority (his friend Charles W.
March) says his brief did not occupy
half a sheet of paper. Hayne accused
him of sleeping on his Hayne's
first speech before he replied to it.
"Yes," said Webster, "I did sleep
ou the gentleman's speech, and I slept
well ; and I slept equally as well on
the speech to which I am now reply
ing." On the morning of the 26th he
said to Senator Samuel Bell, of New
Hampshire: "You know, Mr. Bell,
my constitutional opinions. There
are among my friends in the Senate.
some whbmay not concur with them."
Bell urged him to epeak cut boldly,
adding, "It is a critical moment;
and it is time, high time, that the
people should know what this const!
tutiou is. " Then," said Webster.
4 by the blessing of heaven, they
shall learn this day, before the sun
goes down, what I think it is,"
The morning of that day will al
ways be remembered by those who
live to talk about it. As early as 9
o'clock crowds poured to the capitol ;
at 12 the Senate Chamber, galleries,
floor and lobbies were suffocatim-ly
filled ; the very stairways ware dark
with people. The hotels were over
flowing. The House was deserted.
The giant, Dison H. Lewis, then a
member from Alabama, the largeBt
man of his day, got jammed in be
hind the chair of the Vice-President,
where he could hardly see or hear;
but resolved not to miss the scene, he
broke one of the panes of glass, and
so contrived to listen to the great ef
fort. Webster was a few days over forty
eight when he replied to Hayne, who
was not quite forty. He surveyed the
scene before and around him with the
calmness of approaching victory, and
seemed tofeelthat ' Alexander lights
when he has kings for his competi
tors." His spiri s rose with the oc
casion, while his adversaries must
have felt, with Mr. Iredeil, the col
league of Col. Hayne from south Car
olina, after the latter had spoken :
"He has started the lion; but wait
till we hear his roar or feel his claws"
Time had not thinned or bleached
his hair; it was dark as a raven's
wing. " It was such a countenance,"
said a spectator, "as Salvator Rosa
delighted to paint."
Ho was an orator without being an
actor. Hisdreas was a picture ; a blue
coat and buff vest the revolutionary
colors with a wide cravat, suiting his
broad brows, caverned eyes, and olive
complexion. His first deep, mellow
tones were almost dramatic, as he ut
tered that sentence as familiar to the
American as the opening lines of the
Declaration of Independence:
" Mr. President: When the mann
er has been tossed for many days in
thick weather, and on an unknown
sea, he naturally avails himself of the
first pause in the storm, the earliest
glance of the sun, to take his latitude
aud ascertain how far the elements
have driven him from his true course.
Let us imitate this prudence, and be
fore we float further on the waves of
this debate, refer to the point from
whioh we departed, that we at least
be able to form some conjecture where
we now are. I ask for the reading of
the resolution."
As the Secretary of the State read
Senator Footcd resolution, quoted in
the first paragraph In this sketch, ev
ery head was turned to Webster, eve
ry eye was fixed upon, bira., every
heart beat with sympathy or, dread.
Theajator beheld his thoughts as- in
a mirror, and he said afterward he had
only to select them at his will. Once
Vice President Calhoun interrupted
him, and only once, for all sides were
spell-bound. He was the Prospero of
the occasion. His voice commanded,
and the multitude obeyed. Joseph
Gales, the famous editor Of The Na
tional Intelligencer, and the best re
porter of his time, took down the
speech, and Mrs. Gales wrote it out in
a large hand ; it was revised by Web
ster, arid returned the same evening.
The Intelligencer could not immedi
ately supply the demand, and soon it
appeared in other editions in different
quarters.
It was answered by senators on
both sides ; Woodbury, of New Hamp
shire; Barton, of Missouri, who bit
terly criticised his colleague, Colonel
Benton ; Clayton, of Delaware ; Rob
bins, of Rhode Island ; but the speech
of Webster satisfied the country nnd
settled nullification for the-time. The
debate closed May 21, 1830, but it left
many wounds. When Webster spoke.
the Jackson party was a unit the
democracy as powerful as the republi
can party is to-uay. It had conquer
ed everj'thing, and had really no or
ganized opposition. Mr. Webster's
speech made him a favorite with the
president. In one year Gen. Jack
son and Mr. Calhoun were malignant
enemies. Up to 1S25 Jackson was a
strict constructionist, and Calhoun for
the liberal exercise of the powers of
the federal government, including a
protective tariff. In 1831 they chang
ed positions, Calhoun declaring for
nullification, and Jackson for a strong
government. TJie conflict grew se
vere ; for Gen Jackson tolerated no
half-way support, and Mr. Calhoun
soon found himself outside the dem
ocratic lines. Jackson was re-elected
in 1832, without the vote of South
Carolina. Immediately after the re
sult was known South Carolina rais
ed the flag of nullification, and refus
ed to allow" the collection of any na
tional revenue within her borders.
Armed preparations were made in the
State. Hayne resigned his seat in the
Senate, aiid Calhoun his Vice-Presidency
three months before the expir
ation of his term. Jackson determ
ined to enforce the law. He did not
wait. Re-elected in November, he is
sued his proclamation againstthe nul
lifies on the 10th of Beeotnbsr of 1832
a paper permeated b3 his own will
and the logic of Webster. The scene
that preceded the late rebellion were
enacted, the same threats, the same
secession, very nearly the same resig
nations from the army and the navy.
Calhoun took his seat as a Senator
from his State January 4,, 1833, and on
the 21st of January Senator William
Wilkins. of Pennsylvania, introduced
the celebrated force bill, investing the
President with full powers to enforce
thelaw-j. There is no doubt that if
General Jackson had not been with
held by wi-e counsels he would have
executed summary vengeance upon
Mr. Ca'houu,,-
And now we saw the fruits of Web
ster's great speech" of January. 1830.
The example of Jackson terrified his
enemies. Many who had led the at
tack ou "Webster three years before
now advocated Webster's doctrine
dictated by Jackson. Clay was just
coming iuto the Senate after his de
feat for the Presidency the year be
fore. Webster was still there. But
they remained In the background and
allowed the war to rage in the demo
cratic ranks. Clay was maturing his
"American system." and waiting his
opportunity, and Webster was quiet
ly watching the operation of the doc
trines. His relations at this time
were more friendly with President
Jackson. The fierce contention be
tween Calhoun and Jackson natural
ly attracted thb' latter to llio Massa
chusetts patriot. The force bill was a
terror td the old States-rights leaders,
aud yet they feared the iron will of
the 'President more. Most of them
fioalh took ground for the bill. But
they needed help, and they longed for
Webster, the very man whom they
had so assailed three years before.
His apparent neutrality alarmed
them. His business in the Supreme
Court kept him most of the time out
of the Senate ; and yet he was not an
Indifferent, though 6ilent, observer of
the scene. Like the hero of the Gre
cian epic, he might have turned a
deaf ear to the importunities of his
enemies ; aud for a long time he stood
aloof, though beseiged by the friends
of the President, and, if the truth
could be known, exhorted by General
Jackson himself to come to the res
cue. The debate on the force bill pro
gressed. Calhoun was indomitable,
and was eagerly eollectiug all his re
sources. Wilkius opened the debate
followed by Bibb, of Kentucky ;
Poindexter, of Mississippi ; Frellng
huysen, of New Jersey; Brown, of
North Carolina: Holmes, of Maine ;
Tyler, of Virginia ; Clayton, of Dela-
ware; Mangum, of North Carolina;
KiuK, of Alabama; Dallas, of Penn
sylvania; W7ebster taking little part,
aud Calhoun biding his time. After
a speech from Mr. Rives, of Virginia.
Mr. Calhoun, on the 14th of Febru
ary, 1833, moved an adjournment, and
the next day (Feb. 15) began his
great effort. He spoke for the best
part of two days with extraordinary
power. Never had he appeared more
like himself. As described 03 a spec-
tator: "Tall, gaunt, of somewhat
stooped figure, with a brow full, well
formed, and receding ; hair, not re
posing on the head, but starting from
it like the Gorgon's ; a countenance
of unqualified intellect ; an eye that
watched everything and revealed
nothing: to an audience already em
bittered he seemed to realize the full
idea of a conspirator." But no purer
mau ever lived ; none more unselfish,
or lofty, or hostile to indirection or
meanness. Hated by his foe3 for his
politics as for himself. He reasoned
und philosophized, he held up to
Bcorn his foe.s he asserted the inno
cence of South Carolina, and he al
most deified his dream of State inde
pendence. Never was he more effec
tive or more dangerous.
At 2 o'clock of the same day (Feb.
15, 1833.) Dauiel Webster took the
1 floor in reply to John C. Calhoun.
Like his great speech of January 20,
1S30, this effort is historical. It was
not so dramatic or so sympathetic,
but it was a magnificent argument on
the right side, and It did the work. A
lone debate ensued, but the interest
flagged after this splendid mental du
el : and at last, before the final vote
was reached. Mr. Calhoun aud his
friends left the Senate. The bill pass
ed 23 yeaa to 2 nay John Tyler, of
Virginia; Benton, Clay and Calhoun
absent.
Do not suppose that I am writing
to describe these two memorable
events. My object is to Bhow how
steadily Mr. Webster was advancinir
I a
nartv over the hitter auarrel between
tn norlarohSr, h ilnnn.iKit
Jackson and Calhoun, and-in the gin-
ryof his unrivalled patriotism. He
had Esved the oo.ustitatioa. H had
saved Gen. Jackson's administration, first attack on the constitution of your
No man appreciated his sttrvices so country. Its destroyers you cannot
warmly as the iron President, and 1 be. You may disturb its peace, you
none stood more ready to reward ' may interrupt the course of its pros
them. Mr. Livingston, the nearest perity, you may cloud its reputation
friend of the President, called in per- 1 for stability; but its tranquility will
son to say as much ; and on-a eminent be restored, its prosperity will return,
in authority has asserted that Mr. and the stain upon its national char
Webster would have been in Jack- i aster will be transferred, and remain
son's cabinet, on Jackson's direct ap-1 an eternal blot on the memory of thoue
peal, if he had been so disposed. His
last effort, like his first, endeared him
to the democratic party of the free
States. Jackson's proclamation and
Webster's speech in support of it were
pinned to the democratic banners of
Pennsylvania, and when ,the gieat
statesman journeyed to the west, after
great struggle, the people of alL par
ties greeted him as their idol. At
Pittsburg, Pa., he spoke of General
Jaokson, as Follows:
"Gentlemen: The President of the
United States was, as its'eemed to me,
at this eveiltful crisis, true to his du
ty. He comprehended and under
stood the case, and met it as it was
proper to meet It. While I am as
willing as others to admit that the
President has on other occasions Ten
dered important service to the coun
try, and especially on that occasion
which has given him so much milita
ry renown, I yet think the ability
and decision with which he resisted
the disorganizing doctrines of nullifi
cation created a clairr. than which he
has none higher, to tue gratitude of
the country aud the respect of poster
ity. The issuing of the proclamation
on the 10th of December inspired me,
I confess, With new hopes fcr the du
ration 01 me repuunc. wouiu not
be understood to speak of particular
clauses and phrases in the proclama
tion, hut its great aud leading doc
trines I regard as the true and only
true doctrines of the constitution.
They constitute the sole ground on
which dismemberment can be resist
ed. Nothing else, in my opinion,
can hold us together. While those
opinions are entertained the union
will last; when they shall be gener
ally rejected and abandoned that un
ion will be at the mercy of a tempo
rary majority in aiiy one of the
States. "
The dream, was dissolved in a few
months. In September of 1S33 the
deposits were removed from the bank
of the United States by order of Pres
ident Jackson, and Henry Clay took
tho field as the whig leadt-r to resist
this daring act. To Henry Clay must
be conceded the palm of prosecuting
the war against President Jackson's
administration on the bank question.
It was a Splendid campaign. In some
respects he was the equal of his in
domitable antagonist. Like Jackson,
he feared nothing and dared every
thing. He Interposed no screen, no
evasion, but advanced to the front of
the battle. Aided by Calhoun, who
was panting for revenge for the defeat
of nullification, he changed the Jack
son majority of tho Senate into a mi
nority, and founded the whig party
upon the animosities of that exciting
period. Ripfd in attack, fertile of re
sources, witty, eloquent, and unwav
ering, he would have peen the con
querer but for the failure of the bank,
and even in the face of that calamity.
agaiusl any other adversary but An
drew Jackson.
His Illustrations were peculiarly fe
licitous. The civil and loving expres
sions with which Gen. Jackson eject
ed Mr. Duane his recusant Secreta
ry of the Treasur3 reminded him.
he taid, of one of the most remarka
ble characters which our species has
produced: "When Oliver Cromwell
was contending fdr the mastery in
Great Britain or Ireland, 1 1 do not re
member which j, he besieged a certain
Catholic town. The place made a
brave resistence ; but at leugth. being
likel3 to be taken, the poor Catholics
proposed termsof capitulation, among
which was one stipulating for the tol
eration of their religion. Tho paper
containing the conditions being pre
sented to Oliver, be put on his spec
tacles, and, after deliberately exam
ining them, cried out, 'Oh, yes, grain
ed, granted, certainty ; but,' he added
with stern determination, 'if one of
them shall dare to be found attending
una?s, he shall be Instantly hanged."
But Cla3 will not be cherished or
read in after ages as Webster is read
and cherished. His speeches have
none of that golden glory, Increasing
in value with years; none of that Mil
tcnic resonance, none of that spiritu
al aroma, which constitute the endur
ing web and woof of Daniel Web
ster's productions. We heard Clay as
we read the brilliant novel of to-day
as we devour Charles Readeor Geo.
Elliott. We turn to Webster as we
turn to Shakspeare. as a well-spring
of inspiration as the great original
from which the proudest are not
ashamed to cop3.
The recollection of the glorious
campaign against nullification re
strained Webster all through this ex
citing period. He participated in lit
tle of the heat aud auger of the Ken
tucky statesman. He believed Presi
dent Jackson to have transcended h-li
powers, and he so voted in the Sea
ate, L'Ut to the last he spoke of him
with respect. Kad the war on the
bank of the United Slates not inter
vened, I have alwa3'3 believed that
Daniel Webster would have been a
leader, if not the leader, of the demo
cratic part3, precisely as Stephen A.
Douglas would have been prominent
in the republican party, If he had not
died Juue 3, 1SG1.
Never before was the current
phrase that "Histo repeats Itself
more strikingly illustrated than- in
the parallel between Calhoun's course
in 1832-33. and that of Jefferson Da
vis in 1SG0-G1. The one was, in fact,
a copy of the other. .And not less
striking is the resemblance between
the attack of the Democratic leaders
upon Webster in 1830, and thei-r con
version or overthrow In 1833, and the
bitter assault of the secession leaders
upon Douglas in 1553, and their defeat
in 1SCU.
Jackson, Webster and Calhoun !
They will never be forgotten. Dlfler-
leut in character, in capacity, and in
ambition, the statue of each occupies
a separate and conspicuous niche iu
the historic temple. We remember
Jackson for his heroic patriotism, and
for these words, from his appeal to
South Carolina, in his proclamation
of Dec 10, iSCO, bo effective in the
past and so weighty in the present:
"Snatch from the archives of your
State the disorganizing edicts of its
convention, bid its members reassem
ble, and promulgate tL 'ided ex
pression of your wiH, toit-ninin the
pain wuicn cau umut; unuuu t uu t
safety, prosperity, and honor; tell
them that, compared to disunion, all
I other evils are light, because that
brings with it an accumulation of all
Declare that you will never take ther
I .- t. ..
fin!. itnUxi tha ef tranon rr art mnnap nr
vour country shall float over you:
that you will not be stigmatized when
dead, and dishonored ana scorned
while you live, as $h,e uthora of the
who first caused the disorder."
We remember Webster as the cham
pion of constitutional liberty, endur
Ingly illustrated in the following pas
sage from his speech in the Senate,
April, 1S34, on Jaokson's protest:
"It was against the recital of an act
of parliament, rather than any suffer
ings under its enactments, that the
colonists took up arms. They went
to war against a preamble." Thej
fought seven years against a declara
tion. They poured out their treasures
and their blood like water, in a con
test In opposition to an assertion
whioh those less sagacious and not so
well schooled in the pridcipies of civ
il liberty would have regarded as bar
ren phraseology or mere parade of
words. Thej- saw in the claim of the
British parliament a seminal princi
ple of mischief, the germ of unjust
power; they detected it, dragged, it
forth from underneath its plausable
disguise, struck at it; nor did it elude
their stead 3' e3'e or their well directed
blow, till they had extirpated and de
stroyed it to the smallest fibre. On
this question of principle, while ac
tual suffering was 3'et afar off, Up
raised their flag against a power to
which, for purpose of foreign con
quest and subjugation, Rome, in the
height of her glory, was not to be
compared a power which has dotted
over the surface of the whole globe
with her possessions and military
posts, whose morning drum-beat, fol
lowing the sun and keeping company
with the hours, circles the earth dai
ly with one continuous and unbroken
strain of the martial airs of England."
And we remember Calhoun for the
purit3'ofhis private and public life,
not as the advocate of a good doctrine
perverted to bad uses, but as the apos
tle of science in statesmanship, so well
s3'rubolized in the senate when he
tried in vain to justify nullification,
Felrd':y 1.33:
"Metaph3sical reasoning means the
power of analysis and combination."
it is the power," he said, "which
raises man above the brute which
distinguishes man's faculties from
mere sagacitj", which he holds in com
mon with inferior animals. It is this
power which has raised the astrono
mer from being a mere, gazer at the
stars to the high intellectual eminence
of a Newton or La flrce, and astron
onray itself, from a mere observation
of insulated facts, iuto that noble
science which dispIa3Ts to our admi
ration the S3stem of the universe
And shall this high power of the
mind, which has"; affected such won
ders, when directed to the laws which
control the material world, be forever
prohibited, under a seiiseless cry of
m9taph3slcs fronibelng applied to the
ui'ghty purpose of political science
and legislation? I hold them to be
subject to laws as fixed as matter it
self, and to be as fit a subject for the
application of the highest intellectual
power. Denunciation ina3 Indeed
fall upon the philosophical inquire!
into these first principles as It did up
on Galileo aud B.icon when the3' first
unfolded the great discoveries which
have immortalized their names; but
the time will come when truth will
prevail iu spite of prejudice aud de
nunciation, aud wiien politics and
legislation will be considered as much
a science as astronomy and chemist-
7
. l
AN AFFECTING INCIDENT.
An Episcopal Minister brcaku Down
in tlie Pulpit from Starvation,
From the Chicago Tribune.
Whenever a writer nowadays seeks
to contrast the relative cash values of
a finished education in the old and
rnew worlds, the invariable example
of old world non-appreciation of cul
tivated talent Is the Oxford graduate
curat struggling agaiust the Fates
with the aunua stipend of50. How
hb get along with nis salar of some
what less than a pound sterling a
week, managing to satisfy the natur
al cravings ofuppitite and toobe the
inexorable fiat which requires him to
appear in a suit of as uuimpeachabl'
clerical cut as tahatof his Bishop who
enjoys an income of 5,000, is a m3s
ter3tuat can only be fathomed by
reading one of those interesting work
which set forth how the author raihed
a family of thirteen on a dollar a week
and laid up money, iu a Franklin
Savings Bank against a rainy day.
Should one of these works not be at
hand perhaps the next best thing a
Chicago iuquirercould do would be to
make a call upon the encumbent of
niii of nor Wpst Siil "Rnincmnnlinn
churches. That he would prove able!
to give an inquirer a wholesome les
son in domestic economy, the follow
ing incident, in relatiug which, names
areavcuied, will prove; Un a recent
Sunda3, said West Side Episcopalian
minister went through the morning
service as usual, though it was notic
ed by man- of the congregation that
he lacked his usual fervor and earnest
ness. When it grew near the time
for reading the sermon it -was appar
ent that the reverend gentleman was
suffering from a cause unknown to
his congregation. The text of the
homily was read, and at this juncture
the minister broke down. "He an
nounced the cause of his doing so. He
had not been to market the day before
for the simple reason that he had had
no ruauey to go there with.
autlthe
mrst unfeeling of parishioners will ad
mit that even fora mau whose calling
is supposed to fit him for trials and
self abnegation, a trip to an overflow
ing market can be anything but pleas
ant to a man with empty pocket. At
dinner the "previous da3 he had sat
down to a meal of bread ami butter
and tea. His breakfast that morning
had proved hardly bo luxurious.
Whether, after the morning service
wh over,and he returned home, rh-ir-
woill 1 be any dinner at all awaiting
him he did not know. It wasi clear
case of clerical strva(ion. Thf niin-ister-closed
his book, and the congre-
rroHnn map rn t !! r snnta nrw! fluiurt.
ed sermonless, it having been shown
plain to them-tnat their pastor ernit-i
not supply thent with their spiItimi
food, when, th-23 had so shamefulhy
neglected- togtve him llm wherewith
al to obtain pTiyslcal sustenance.
An amusing instance of the connec
tion between carbon and theology i-
afforded by the case of a clergym.n
in Dundee, Scotiartd, who announe-.
ed to his congregation that in. conse
quence of his inablity to afford coal
for keeping up his study are he had
- ! --. AM. n ! a-s tin r i"l T f" O " A f ri
U13i;uilliiiucu stuu....-. xi uuuiu
discontinued studying, ana wnuia
preach old sermons until! a fall in the
, price. t
rpn . .- 1qriyfl hotels 9m -oVr--
Two new and. large hotels are I?elE
j-nj- aj Berlin
0FFICL1L PAPER OF THE 'fjbijii TT.
3-ITERAIt.Y ENTERTAINME3T.
Editor Advertiser: k,
"?he Literary Society of the Jxeb.
State Normal School known as the
Philomatheau Soqiet3', will give a
publie entertainmeot-orv the evening
of the 23th of November. Said enter
tainment to consist : Firsr, exercise or
a literary character, essaj-s, declama
tions, orations, and music. Second,
at 9 o'clock the table will be in readi-.
ness for all those who wish to refresh
the inner man, by. proceeding to the
dining room of the Dormitory and
there partaking of oysters, cake, ettr.
Literary exercises to begin at 6.3G.
Admission lOcts. Supper oOcts.
A grand time is anticipated. All
friends of the school are cordially in
vited to attend. The proceeds are.
to be devoted to procuring some nec
essary appurtenances. It is hoped
the citizens of Peru and vicinity will
respond liberally to this call and aid.
the Societj" In accomplishing Its aim.
A new hall baa been donated by the.
.State, this has to be appropriately
furnished. We are in need of many
things, necessary to our success,
which in the present state of finances,
we are unable to obtain.
Gome all and assist us with presence
and with purse.
Committee;
-
WUnta. Clearing Honscls, ad.so
Its Business Is Cunductcil!
From the Kansas City Journal.
The "clearinghouse" has been often,
spoken of during the panic, and our
readers may not fully understand
what it Is and it is much more easily
uuaerstooo than described.
It is an association of banks, or a.
bank composed of all the banks. A
merchant ofKansas Cit3 does his bus
iness with the First National, A GU37
tomer pa3 him a debt bj- a draft on
the Mastin bank. The merchant
don't go to the latter and draw the.
money, but deposits the check with
the First National, and gets credit for
it, and the check is collected from the
Mastin bj- the First National. And
so of all the banks in the cit3 they
receive checks on each other as cash,
and tbus,save the enstomer the trouble
of running from bank to bank. Be;
this wa3' it will be seen that in a
day each bank receives numerous
checks and drafts on the others. It
would be an infinite trouble for each
bank to send its messenger for the
11101163 to evtri other bank on eveay
check, for while the messenger of the
Commercial National may bepreseat-.
ing a thousand duHur check at the
Kansas Ci.3' National, its clerk may
be receiving the cash on a twej.nq.
hundred dollar draft at the other. Altd
the messengers of Smarts' and Wat
kins' bank might pass each other half
a dozen times a da3 with collections.
The clearing house saves all thig,
trouble. At an hour fixed by ihe
rules the clerks of all the tanks meet
at the board of trade rooms, having
with them all the checks and drafts
in their banks agatt st every other
bank in thecit3. Each clerk then de
livers to the manager of the clearing
house a statement of how much each
bank must pa3' his own, and these
footed up show how much he ninst re
ceive from all.
The several amounts are entered ort
a blank, aud show how much all
should receive. And thus the sums
to be paid and received b3 eaeh,
and the aggtegate for all are ascer
tained. Then. each c!e-K delivers to the oth
ers the checks and drafts going to
make up the sums he claims to be due
him, and receives the same held'
against his bank in return. By thse
statements the manager ascertains at
a glance what is due from each bank
and the gros3 amount due from all :
also, the amount due to each, and all.
And these duplicate anionuts.Lhus as
certained must be setthtd and balan
ces made good before any clerk leaves
the room, or the bank bo failing is
"broke."
Bj this mssns all-mistakes are pre-,
vented gstting into the baiks,
the trouble and risk of messengers
earning inone- to and fro avoided,
and the condition of ever bank in
the association, whether sound or uu-.
sound, is acertained for each dajv
The convenience of such aiupMem,
can read.13' be understood. The clear
ing house ma3' be called a bank with
only banks for customers, juntas an
ordinary bank with individuals for
customers. As in ordinary banking,
John Doe does his business with the
Fir-tt National, which agrees to pay
all drafts he may draw on it, he agree
in? to Fend all the money, bill.-;, nofes
j or drafts in the course of his business.
iu uiuKf 11 shiu 111 uoiiig ho. xt tne
eloo of business on each day he most
make hie account of money
paid iu
fhaltatice what the
batik has paid out
for him or he is broke. So in the
clearing house, all the banks send to
it each day all they have against eaeh.
Ian the ballanee must tie mmle gowl
In car-Ii. or the one failinir Is inst like
John Doe -broke. As in the cae of
Doe, the bank is the common debtor
and common creditor with the public,
so is theclearing house with the banks.
It saves time. mone3. confusion, and;
makes the banks keen faith with the,
public
PreeKyterian? are sometimes called:
"blue." "The epithet." observes a re-
lligiouc exhang, "arose in this way.
The distinct dress of the Scotch Pres
byterian clergy was a blue gown and
a broad blue Ixtnnet. The Episcopal
ian clergy, on the other hand, esther
wore no disMnetive dress in public.
services, or else wore a blaok gowiu
From thl-arose Ui contrasting epithet.-
of BJaH- Ife-Haoy.' ami Truo
t FJlue Pe-;imerru.Ism., So says DeH
Stanley, in his lectures on the history
of the Chitroh of Scotlund."
It ap'p-'fir-; that during the nrrmtfi of
Septambor nolo--than 75 pilgrimages
took plae. " If thi-i be nt sufllsient
tr cave- Rome and Frsnce," says the.
Icnpnel. '. it i? of no use our believimr
in miracles any ioujrer.,'
Just because ayeung man sBvan
vilJe coughl HagoId dollar recent
ly that heswHlio-ced- some time aga,.
tht citizen? of that place speak lwftsfc-
ingly of their 4 cbughers of goH
The euro-of St. Cloud, France, has,
discovered & mrraeulous water spring
In his own parish, so that pilgrimag
es to Lourdes may be dispensed with
hereafter.
a -ap -l-t ll
a ciitr r!nnr-pt inr ft rMnioimnifl
poodle in New York City costs $16,00,
and more than 30.000 laboringjmeu
ana vromen w-rown out ci nr3.so
mentic th-s5city
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