Nebraska Newspapers

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BROWNVILLE, NEBRASKA.
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ESTABLISHED 1856.
BROWNVILLE, NEBKASKA; THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 17, ,1870.
VOL. 14.-N0. 18.
V , J 4 1 . 1 .7 Til s . - ' VI i ,. . VII.
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ATTORNEYS.
-O. B. BIWtTT. 1. W. JTEWJIA.
IIEWETT fe NEWMAN,
ATTORNEY V COUNSELORS AT LAW,
Office, No. "0, McPherson Block, np stairs.
FRENCH, W. T. aOMKRS.
FREX CII A KOC.ERS,
ATTORNEYS & COIXXELORS AT UW.
Office In Cotirt House Building.
Will clve diligent attention to any Iftil biwlneea
nlru.ntdtolhirciire. 4-t f J
JOB A. PILIXJN.
ITTOnSKT . COl'KIELUR AT LAW
sad General Land Afsent,
Xecumneh, Johnnon County, Nvhmnka.
" " J. N. REYNOLDS,
1TTORKET . COUNSELOR AT LA1V,
Office No. 90, Reynolds Hotel.
THOMAS A BROADY,
ATTORNEYS AT LAW AND SOLICITORS
IN CHANCERY,
OFFirE Plstrlct Court Room.
vrx. ir. Mclennan,
ATTORNEV AND COUNSELOR, AT IJIW,
Nebraska Llty, Nebraska.
B. E. FEUKINS,
ATTORNEY AND COUNSKLOR AT IAY,
Tecumseh, Joliason Otunty, Neb.
" " N'YK A Hl-'MrHREY,
aTTOaNKVS Jk tOl'NSELORS AT LAW,
. Pawnee City, Iawnee Co., Neb.
N. K. OUIOOS,
ATTORNEY AT LAW AND LAND AGENT,
Beatrice, Oaire County, Nebraska,
piitsicians.
ilVimbeulin. m.1.
yiiysiciaiv and surgeon to neb.
EYE ANI KAK IXKlltMAKV.
Offk a S XalD-sL OrricK Hocrs 7 a.m. to r.n.
II. C THURMAN,
PHYSICIAN ANO Sl'UOEO.1.
Ofllce-No. 85 Mln Street,
Office hours from 7 to 11 a. m. and 1 to 4 p. m.
H. I MATHEWS,
PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON.
Ofn-e In City Irue Store, Maln-st.
- C. F. STEWART, M. D.,
JKYSICIAN AND SURGEON,
Dfflce In D. IL Lewis A Co.'s Drug Store.
Office hours from 7t a. m and 1 to 1 and 6' to
T p. m.
LAND AGENTS.
ii. v. HU(Jiir.s,
KEAL ESTATE AGENT Al NOTARY
PUBLIC.
OfZ9 Ter Ilannaferd A lie Fall's Furniture store.
WM. IL, HOOVER,
KEAL ESTATE &. TAX PAYING AGENT.
OfCce In District Court IUwwju
Will rWe prompt attontirm to the saie of Real Ea-
Umu Payment of Taxes throughout the .N.iusiit
Xaaa DuirlcL
JONAH HACKER,
'LAID AND TAX PAYING AGENT.
t Office srith Probate Judge.
TT1U attend to tfie Payment of Taies forXon
llesident 1 jind wnen In emalia (Vuaty. tOrrm
pDilne solicited.
NOTARIES.
jls. C. McNAUGHTONr
VOTARY PCBLIC A CONVEYANCER,
OHlce In J. I Camon's Bank.
l K EBUKillT.
.NOTARY PllILIC -CON VEYANCER,
No. 72 Main -St., second lloor.
A rent for the Kqitllnbie and American Tontine
JJfe Insurance Compac left.
DRUGSTORES.
McCRKEUY A MICK. ELL.
DEALKUS IN ftUXGS, STATIONERY,.
Fall assortment Urugs, J'aints, Rooks, Stationer',
k.,oo nana, ana win ai a iioh.smm or reuui.
I). II. LEWIS t CO.,
nvccKmnn to hsllahaV ext.
DEALERS IN DRI sVS, X KWK INKS A-.
No. 41 Main-st.
GRAIN DEALERS.
EVAN WORTHING,
JTORW ARDING AND -COMMISSION
MERCHANT,
Acd dealer in all kinds of Ciraln and Country
3re4uce, Brewnvllle, Nebnuxka.
CJEO. ti. START & BRO.,
DEALERS IN GRAIN, PRODUCE, Ac
A spin all, Nebraska.
The highest market price paid for anything the
farmer can raise. We will uy tat sell everything
feaown la the market.
MERCHANDISE.
McPHERsON A TITTTLE,
DEALERS I. GENERAL MERCHANDISE
Ko. 68, MoPberson lilork.
F. E. JOHNSON A CO.
'EALERS INGENERAL MEKCUANJJISE
No. 72 Maln-t.. McPherson Block,
WM. T. DEN.
SEALER IN GENERAL MP.RCIIAXDISE,
Vrwrdla: JtC-amniisslon Mrrrkamt,
So. 82 Msin-ft., Brownville,
TomTlanters. Plows. Stows, Fwtiltniv. r..-al-ssys
en band. H igitest market price paK for Hides,
felts. Furs, aa Country Produce.
HARDWARE.
' 811 ELLEN BERG ER BRO'S.,
DEALERIIX HARDWARE, STOVES.
No. 74 Main-st.
- -Ktosres. TTard ware, Carper"s Tool s, Riaotsmf.h
Furnishings, Ac, constantly oa liand
JOHN C, DEUSER,
DEALER IN STOVES, TINWARE, Ae.
No. 79 Main-st.
SADDLERY.
' JOJLN W, MIDDLETOX,
HARNESS, BRIDLES, COLLARS, Et.
No. M Main-st.
' Whips and Lashes of every description, and Plsv
arlngiialr, katon hand. Cash paid for Hides.
J. II. BATJER,
UARXEIa, BRIDLES, COLLARS, Etc
y. t Mala-st.
MenClng done to order. Satisfaction guaranteed.
CONFECTIONERIES.
. ISRAEL a NACE,
CITT BAKERY AND CONFECTIONERY.
No, 11 Main -at., opposite City Drug Store.
, Pies, Cakes. Fresh Bread, Ctmfeotkwery, Light
and fancy Groceries, constantly on hand.
' , WILLIAM BOSS ELL,
CONFECTIONERY AND TOY STORE,
No, 40 Olain-sC
Fresh Bread, Cakes, Uystera. Frulta, ec.on hand.
J. P. DEUSER,
DEALER IN CONFECTIONERIES, Ac
No. 44 Main-st.
. irusic.
MRS. J. M. GRAHAM.
TEACHER OP" MUSIC.
' Rooms, Main-st, bet. 4th and 5th,
Lsons given on the Piano, Organ, Melodeon.
Outiar and Vocalisation. Having had eight years
' eipertenoeas teacher of Music to New Yorkiscua
Bdent of giving satisfaction.
BOUNTY CLADI AGENTS.
ED. P. SMITH,
U. 8. WAR CLAIM AGENT,
Wasiangton City, D. C
trill attend to the prosecution of claims before the
Jeoartment In person, for Additional Bounty, Back
fa? and Pensions, and all claims accruing against
las Sovernnient during the late war.
- SALOONS.
JOSF.ril HUDDARD A CO..
. PEACE AND QUIET SALOON.
No. 47 Main-.
The best Wines and IJquors kept on hand.
R. C BERGER,
ALII AMUR A BILLIARD SALOON,
No. 48. Whltner's Block.
The best Wines and Lhracws constantly on hand
tutval business arbs.
HOTEES.
STAR HOTEL.
STEVENSON & CROSS, PROPRIETORS.
FrOnt-st, between Main and Atlantic
This Jlonft hn just been rPmodpled, Inside an4
out. Ktaire Offlce for all points West. Omnibuses
to all trains.
REYNOLDS HOUSE. .
NATHAN K. GRFEN.ritOFRIETOR,
88 & 90 Main Street, flrowrif llli
Bet accommodations In the city. Netr House,
newly furnished. In the heart of business part oi
city. Livery stable convenient. 45-Sm
AMERICAN HOUSE.
L. D. ROBISON, PROPRIETOR.
Front-st., bet. Main and Water.
A jrood Feed and Livery Stable in connection with
the House.
BOOTS AND SHOES.
A. ROBINSON,
BOOT AND SHOE MAKER,
. No. 68 Maifi-st.
Has constantly on hand a (rood assortment of
t.ent s, IHdies, Misses' sna tTilldreii s Boots and
Shoes. Custom work done with neatness and dis
patch. Repairing done on short notice.
JUSTICES.
A. W. MORGAN.
PROBATE JUDGE AND JUSTICE OP
THE PEACE.
Office In Court House Building.
STATIONERY.
A. D. MARSH,
PIONEER BOOK AND NEWS DEALER,
City Book Store, No. 50 Main-st.
BRIDGE BUILDING.
C. W. WHEELER,
BRIDGE BUILDER A. CONTRACTOR.
Brownville, Nebraska.
Sole aent for R. W. Smith's Patent Truss Brldire.
The strongest aikd best wooden bridge now in use.
TAILORING..
CHRIS. IIAUBOLDT,
MERCHANT TAILOR,
No. 62 Main-st.
Has on band a splendid stock of Goods, and will
make them up In tike latest styles, on short notice
and reasonable terms.
BLACKSMITHS.
J. W. & J. C. GIBSON,
BLACKSMITHS A HORSE SHOERS.
Flrst-sU, bet. Main and Atlantic,
All work done to order and satisfaction (niarnnteed.
CIgrar Making by Machinory.
The American Cigar Machine Com
pany recently gave a practical exhibi
tion of the machines patented by them
: for the manufacture of cigars. These
machines bid fair to work a revolution
in cigar making, not only because of
the reduced cost of production, but
also on account of the fact that cigars !
so made can be sold for ten dollars a
thousand less than cigars made by
hand. The company has thirty ma
chines in operation, driven by a small
caloric engine. The machines are
simple, and can be worked by chil
dren. 1 he wrappers are hrst cut from
the pure leaf by :i machine. A hun
dred leaves are placed in a pile, held
in place by clamp, when four knives;
in the shape of an oblong square de
scend and cut out the wrappers. The
cigar-making machines consist of re
volving rollers, covered by a cap. The
"filleru" having been wrapped up in
the rough by hand, are placed within
the machine, and in a few seconds the
cigar is sufficiently rolled and fash
ioned at one end to receive the wrap
per, which is fed into the machine,
the operator having previously gum
med the ends. The cigar is then
taken out, neuth' and expeditiously
made. All that remains to be done is
to trim one end. A girl can produce
2,000 cigars a day by these machines,
and can easily earn from ten to fifteen
dollars per week.
a a
Snnllght A Necessity. Sun baths
cost nothing, and nre the most re
freshing life-giving bath9 that one
can take, whether sick or well.
Every housekeeper knows the neces
sity of giving her woolens the benefit
of the sun, from time to time, and
especially after a long rainy season,
or a long absence of the sun. Manv
will think of the injury their clothes
are liable to, from dampness, who
will never reliect that an occasional
exposure of their own bodies to the
sunlight is equals necessary to their
own health. The sun-baths cost
nothing, ami that is a misfortune, for
people are still deluded with the idea
that those things only can be good or
useful which cost money. Let it not
be fergwtten threeof (iod's most bene
ficent gifts to man three things the
most necessary to good health sun
light, fresh ir and water, are free to
sli ; you can huve them in abundance,
without mcmey and without price, if
vou If you would enjoy good
neaHh, then sec to it that you are sup
plied with pure air to breathe all the
time; that you bathe for an hour or
so in the sunlight; and that you
auench your thirst with no other
uid than wlcT.Jfrttrnal of Health.
Covering the lungs. One of the
most important things to be consider
ed in the dress is the careful covering
of th clx?st and Iwick. Exposing the
lungs by inadequate shielding of these
portions of the bodv from the cold is
too generally practiced, especially by
the ladies. To cover the chest is not
enough. There should be a thick cov
ering between the shoulders.
Iu his lecture in New York on
"How to Escape Hell," Oliver Dyer
remarked that "a man goes to hell
simply because he belongs there. In
the eternal world they always have
the right man in the right place.
This business of going to heaven or
hell is purely a philosophical matter,
and there are no rewards r penalties
in the case, but only logical se
quences
They have secured anew anesthetic
in France, to supersede chloriform and
Its various substitutes." It is a chem
ical compound, and is called "choral."
It is not inhaled, but swallowed, when
it produces a perfect insensibility
without any dangerous accompania
ments. This is, in surgical practice, a
discovery of the utmost importance.
A three-year old gentleman the
other day startled his father, who
came into the parlor, which was filled
with company, just after having had
a very gray moustache dyed intensely
black, by asking him what he had
done with his old whiskers, and where
he got his new ones.
Mr. G. was a most inveterate puns
ter. Lying very ill of the cholera, his
nurse proposed to prepare a young,
tender chicken. "Hadn't you better
take an old hen ?" said he in a low
whisper, he was not able to speak
aloud, "for she would be more ant to
lay on my stomach." G. fell back
exhausted and the nurse fainted.
. ADMISSION OF VIRGINIA.
SPEECH OF nON. JOHN M. THAYER,
OF NEBRASKA,
la the Se&ate of tie U, R., Jaatary 17 gad 13.
The rVnftte havlne onder consideration
the bill (II. R. No. TtUj to adroit the State of
Virginia to representation in the Congress of
the Unltod blates
Mr. THAYER said :
Mr. President.: It Is difficult for
me to believe that the Senator from
Nevada who has charge of this bill
Mr. Stewart is anxious to bring it
to a vote. He has on several occasions
entreated the Senate to pass it, and
then when we were about to vote on
important amendments pending he
has interposed a speech, and when
we were coming to a vote, according
to agreement, then again he has sub
stituted the House bill and interposed
another speech. By doing that he Is
drawing a speech from me which I
should not have made.
The very tenor of the remarks of
the Senator from Nevada evinced to
my mind the extreme distrust which
he entertains of the State of Virginia
after this bill shall pass, if that is to
be the decision of Congress. He want?
the finishing stroke put upon the rat
ification of the fifteenth amendment
within a week. Why have he and
other Senators urged the Governor of
Nebraska, who happens to be sitting
in the Chamber, to convene the Legis
lature of that State within ten days
from to-day in order that she may
ratify it? Why this urgent haste?
Because they fear, and almost, I
would say, believe that Virginia will
attempt to undo the ratification of the
fifteenth amendment, that Virginia
may trample under foot the laws of
Congress which have been passed for
the protection of the loyal people of
Virginia.-
The Lecistature of Nebraska I can
say, and I do by authority, will be
convened during the month of Feb
ruary, and that she will ratify the fif
teenth amendment is beyond a doubt ;
for there is but one Democratic State
Senator in the Senate and but four
Democratic members in the House.
That is the way we make Republican
States in the West.
I need hardly recall the attention of
the Senate to the fact that Nebraska
applied here for admission, and that
conditions were imposed upon her to
the effect that there should be univer
sal suffrage in the State of Nebraska.
We did not regard it as a degradation
upon that State, but accepted the con
dition in good faith. I do not propose
to vote for the admission of Virginia
upon the naked bill of the House of
Representatives after having submit
ted to the imposition of conditions
upon the State of Nebraska. How is
it that the Congress of the United
States, after three years more of pro
gress, can now propose to- admit this
State without conditions or guaran
tees? Mother of States, was she!
One of the mothers of secession and
treason; for the abominable monster
of treason required more than one
mother. She with her record red
with human blood, is now to pas3
through Congress without a condition
and without a guarantee. Why is
this? I have heard the question
asked repeatedly during ihe progress
of this debate, why is it that condi
tions were required or a loyal people
when assuming the obligations of
statehood and which arc not required
of a State which swung from her
moorings in the Union, joined the
southern confederacy, raided armies,
and fought through four years to de
stroy the Union ?
This bill has been pushed forward
with most extraordinary energy most
extraordinary determination, and
with most unprecedented haste. Vir
ginia has been eight years out of the
Union. Where is the extreme neces
sity for the haste which has been
manifested in pressing forward this
bill ? Not a day nor an hour could be
given for investigation, for examina
tion into the allegations which were
made here by citizens of Virginia over
their own signatures. I know not
who they are nor what they are ; but
the memorial came in a form which
entitled it to respect and considera
tion. Not an hour could be given,
and they, professing to be the loyal
people of Virginia, were met in the
Senate of the United States with con
tumely, denunciatiai, and abuse from
Republican Senators. I know not
what illusion may have come upon
honorable Senators; whether they
are at fault or whether I am at fault
and those who vote with me; whether
I am laboring under a delusion or are
thev : but I do say that these scenes
are most extraordinary. .We have
heard denunciations in this Chamber
from Senators which have created a
feeling of surprise. We had been ac
customed to hear such denunciations
during the last three years from Sen
ators of an opposite political faith ou
this floor; but during the progress of
this debate those Senators have been
silent; others have done their work;
others have fought their battle.
Now, Mr. President, let me call
your attention to another fact. More
than one. two, three, four, or half a
dozen, or a dozen Senators who favor
the passage of the bill for the admis
sion of Virginia have frankly confess
ed that they do it with extreme reluc
tance and extreme distrust. Thc3
frankly admit that they fear the con
sequences; that they fear Congress
will within a twelvemonth be called
upon to take action in regard to Virgi
nia for the violation of the conditions
of her admission or the violation of
the fifteenth amendment. Seeingthe
danger, they rush madly . on ; seeing
the blunder, they make haste to re
peat it. A vessel strikes upon a sun
ken rock and sinks beneath the waves;
the master of another in full view
Suls on all steam, crowds all sail' and
rives his ship upon the same sunken
rock and sinks beneath the waves.
Where is the prudence, the common
judgment, which would influence
Senators in the ordinary affairs of life,
that, confessing the danger, this bill
is thus pushed torward through the
two Houses of Congress? Where is
the statesmanship of this policy?
I read in the public prints that on
the annoucement of the vote in the
other House on the passage of the bill
admitting Virginia it was recieved
with rapturous applause. It recalled
to ray mind the fact that on the pas
sage of the ordinance of secession
there was one shout of joy that went
up through all Virginia at the sever
ance of her relations with the Union.
The measure may meet with the same
applause In this Chamber if it is to go
through; but I call to mind the fact
that there are thousands and thous
ands of men and women in Virginia
whose hearts to-day are full of the
gravest apprehensions at the gloomy
prospect that is before them. There
are tnnusands and hundreds of thous
ands of people in th State of Virgi
nia, every sentiment of whose soul
has beat iu unison with love for their
country since that ordinance of seces
sion passed until this hour, who dread
the passage in Its present form of the
bill to restore Virginia to the Union ;
and yet their appeal In this Chambef
is met with ridicule snd derisiom
I question no Senator's motives I
concede to everv one the same sincer
ity of purpose, the same honesty of
intention wnieii uiauii lur iiijrscn,
but I must be permitted to say that
after the experience of the past eight
years, after the experience of the past
three years in the work of reconstruc
tion, I have been amazed at what
has transpired in Congress during the
last week, and I am amazed at the
exceeding hot haste with which Sen
ators have attempted to crowd this
measure through Congress.
There is another feature of this de
bate to which I desire to call atten
tion and which has been exceedingly
interesting to me. I have remarked
that a portion of the members of this
body, those who belong to the op
posite political faith, have remained
entirely silent. I could not but no
tice the satisfaction which seemed to
settle upon their countenances as this
debate progressed. They seem to be
as serene and composed as a summer's
morning ; or, to be still more poetic,
as calm and unruffled as the waters of
a moon-lit lake. There has been
nothing except an incidental allusion
to the record of the Democratic party
to call forth the impetuous eloquence
of my honorable friend from Delaware,
Mr. Saulsbury; nothing to invite
constitutional dissertations from" my
honorable friend from Kentuky. Mr.
Davis; nothing to invite a speech
from any Democratic Senator till to
day. I wish to call attention to the fact,
within the remembrance of very
Senator, that from the day when the
first reconstruction bill passed Con
gress down to the 1st day of January,
1870, whenever a measure came up
touching reconstruction in the south
ern States this Chamber.has run with
the denunciations of , Democratic
Senators against the usurpations and
violations of the Constitution which
the Republican were perpetrating.
They have argued from first to last
that no State was ever out of the
Union when she had once been in ;
and in every Democratic convention,
from the national convention down to
a county convention, in all the States
it has been set forth that no State was
out of the Union. What do we see
to-day ? This same Democratic party
voting a State into the Union which
has never been out. My honorable
friends from Kentucky, from Dele
ware, from California, and from Ohio,
and others are now all committed to
the admission of a State Into the
Union which according to their own
declarations from year to .year has
never been out of the Union. Mr.
President,' the world moves. The
Democratic party have come up to the
doctrine of reconstruction and have
indorsed it. They are now committed
to the provisions of our reconstruction
laws, for they are voting unitedly in
favor of the aum ssion ot Virginia. 1
congratulate them
Mr. SAULSliUKY. Will the Sen
ator allow me to ask him a question ?
Mr. TIIAYKK. Yes sir.
Mr. SAULSBURY. Does the Sen-
antor understand the bill now before
the body as admitting Virginia into
the Union or simply declaring that
Virginia is entitled to representation
in Congress;
Mr. THAYFR. Has she been en
titled to it before?
Mr. SAULSBURY. I asked you a
question.
- h.ww a "St -W-V -W ... A .1
Mr. A 11 A l I'jii. x unaerstanu very
well the purport of the bill which is
now under discussion. It is restoring
Virginia to representation In the
Union. Now, I ask my friend from
Delaware if she has never been de
prived of it?
Mr. SAULSBURY. Never at any
time that she chose to avail herself of
it.
Mr. THAYER. The honorable
Senator admits the correctness of my
position. He is now voting a State to
be entitled to representation of which
she lias been deprived.
Mr. SAULSBURY. No ; I say she
never has been deprived unless she
chose voluntarily to deny herself the
privilege; she ahvavs had the right.
Mr. THAYER. The Senator from
Deleware, then, claims that Virginia
has been entitled to representation
from the time she seceded until now;
that she was entitled to vote for presi
dential electors in 18C4, according to
his own reasoning, though waging a
flagrant war against the Government.
He must take one conclusion or the
other. If he is now voting her to be
entitled to representation, then she
has been deprived of it: if he is now
voting'her back into the Union, then
she has been out of the Union.
The honorable Senator from Dela
ware Mr. Saulsbcry thought pro
per to present a vindication, as did
also the honorable Senator from Cali
fornia, Mr. Casserly, of the record
of the Democratic party. I have
heard before during this session simi
lar references to the Democratic party.
I have noticed the taunt thrown out
before to-day duilng this session that
the Republican party were responsi
ble for the debt which accrued in the
suppression of the rebellion. Sena
tors may yet come to claim that the
Democratic party was the party which
suppressed the rebellion, and that the
Republican party was the party which
inaugurated treason. It is said that
history repeats itself. According to
what fs transpiring to-day it would
seem as if history was reversing itself.
Sir, let me call attention and I
shall occupy but a few moments of
the time of the Senate on this point
to the record of the Democatic party.
Let me ask the honorable Senator
from Deleware what party had pos
session of the Government for thirty
years prior to the inauguration of the
rebellion? It was the Democratic
party. That party had directed and
shaped the policy of the couutry, and
was in possession of the Government
when the war commenced. It had
possession of the executive, legisla
tive, and judicial departments of the
Government. It was under the poli
cy of the Democratic party that the
wnr commenced. It was by the
teachings and the doetrines of the
Democratic party that the South were
taught to rebel. It was the Demo
cratic party which broke faith with
the nationin repealing the Missouri
compromise which had been a sacred
compact for thirty years between
slavery and freedom. That great
compact, which consecrated forever to
human freedom all the territory north
of the line of 3G 30, the Democratic
party violated or set aside at the de
mand of the slave-masters of the
South in order to force slavery on the
free soil of Kansas. Such is the
record of history.
It was by a series of aggressions
and outrages on the part of the Dem
ocratic party that the Republican
party was called into being, founded
on the great principle that all the ter
ritory of the United States was free
and that slavery Iras only a sectional
institution. It was by the teachings
and by the doetri nes that were pro
claimed by the leaders of the Demo
cratic party that war came. What
Republican ever raised his hand
against the flag of his country ? What
Republican who voted for Mr. Lin
coln ever aided in planning treason
and rebellion? Whodidit but the
leaders of the Democratic party in
this Chamber and in the other Hall,
who sat in their seats making laws
for the United States during the day
and then met in secret conclave all
through the winter of 1SG0-61 hatch
ing treason? Tell ir.c not that the
Republican party brought on the war
and are responsible, for the national
debt.
Sir, when the war came, had the
Democratic party of the North been
true to the Government, it would not
have -lasted six months. Having
taught the South to rebel, as the
northern Democracy did, by telling
the : South : that they of the North
would stand by them and sustain
them, when the war went on it was
the aid and encouragement given by
the northern Democracy to the South
that prolonged the war year after
year. ; I make not this accusation
against all the Democratic party.
That there were loyal men in it I
gladly admit; but I speak of it as an
organization. It was disloyal from
the begiunig to the end of the war.
When that convention met in the city
of Chicago and declared the war a
failure, and demanded a cessation of
hostilities in order that peace might
be made with the rebels in arms, that
resolution was equal to an addition of
one hundred thousand men, fresh re
cruits, to the rebel lines, and a cor
responding draft was made upon the
industry and the bone and the 6inew,
and the life of the North to carry on
the struggle thus made the more des
perate by the aid thus given to the
rebels by their allies of the North.
The soldier of the Union never went
into battle without feeling conscious
that he was fighting two armies, . the
rebels in the front and the northern
Democracy in the rear.
Sir, it is not pleasant to review these
facts of history. I should not have
done it but for the dcclaiations made
by the honorable Senators from Dela
ware and California that we have
brought upon the country the war,
and that we created this immense
debt. Sir, it was a Democratic rebel
lion' and this is a Democratic debt,
the legitimate offspring of Democratic
rule and Democratic teaching, and as
such history will Write down as the
facts, in my judgment, because they
cannot be denied.
Now, in reference to the bill before
the Senate let me remark that I am
not prepared to vote for the admis
sion of Virginia with her present sur
roundings and in her present condi
tion because I have not confidence
that she will be true to the amend
ments of the Constitution of the Uni
ted States which she has ratified, and
because I am compelled to believe by
concurrent testimony that there will
not be protection for the 103'al people
of Virginia. Therefore I prefer if I
err to err on the safe side, to hold her
back until we have sufficient guaran
tees guarantees which shall not be
patchwork, which shall not be like
heaps of sand, to be blown to the
winds. I want those guarantees un
der which ail the people of Virginia,
Democrats and Republicans, white
and black, who obey the laws shall
enjoy the equal protection of the laws.
When I am satisfied that such condi
tion of things exists in Virginia then
I am ready to vote for her admission,
but not until then.
The honorable Senator from Neva
da, Mr. Nye, who has always been
so true to the cause of reconstruction
and to the cause of freedom, made
some remarks the other day which
fell upon my ears causing sincere
regret on my part. I regretted to find
the shaft of his severe sarcasm turned
against those who thought it proper
to send here a respectful remonstrance
against the admission of Virginia. I
regretted to hear hm say that Virgin
ia, oppressed Virginia, long-suffering
Virginia, her very locks wet with the
dews of the night
Mr. STEWART. I never could
have said any pretty things of that
sort. Laughter.
Mr. THAYER. I am aware of that.
My friend from Nevada is not so poet
ical as his colleague. He must not
imagiue that he gives utterance to all
the pretty things that come from the
State of Nevada. Laughter.
He Mr. Nye described with af
fecting pathos the hardships inflicted
upon this long-suffering, patiently
waiting State of Viginia! She has
waited till her very locks arc wet with
the dews of the night!
Sir, let me say to that honorable
Senator, whose impulses and whose
intentions are just that there are peo
ple in Virginia to-day who are tired
of waiting, waiting, waiting for that
protection-whieh this great Govern
ment of the United States has vouch
safed to every citizen who respects its
authorities and obeys its commands.
They have waited in vain, and they
wait to-day for those guarantees and
for those assurances of equal protec
tion, which he and I enjoy ; and In
my opinion if this bill passes they
will wait in vain, and you will see
hundreds and thousands of them leav
ing Virginia, as I have seen some
within the the last three months, and
seeking homes in Indianaand Illinois
and seeking that protection of the law
which they cannot find in Virginia.
The Senator from Nevada also re
marked that he was tired of this wo k
of reconstruction. I am not tired of
the work of reconstruction, but I am
tired of being beaten in the work of
reconstruction by those who could
not beat us in the field. Sir, we
have struggled with the iebellion
from the very day that Andrew John
son betrayed his party and his coun
try ; we have been struggling with
the rebellion in trying to carry out
reconstruction during the host three
years, and were struggling with it to
day, in some of the late insurgent
States:
Senators have told us that we must
not judge Virginia by Georgia or
Tennessee. I say it is proper and
reasonable to judge of irginia by
what has taken place in Georgia ami
Tennessee. It is proper for us to avail
ourselves of all the lights of experi
ence, of all the facts in all the lately
insurgent States which bear upon the
question. If Georgia has trampled
fourteenth amendment under foot, it
is but reasonable to infer that the
same elements may accomplish the
same results in other States.
Mr. President, I embarked in this
work of reconstruction with the de
termination to make it permanent.
It was the the declared will of the
American people, speaking at the
ballot; box and through Congres, that
the reconstruction laws should be ex
ecuted for the salvation of the nation
and for the guarantee of equal right",
and the malntainance of the peace
throughout the revolted States. For
one I propose not to yield until the
battle is fully fought and the victory
fully won. For one I propose to fight
It out on this line if it takes us all
summer and all winter, and each suc
ceeding summer and winter till the
Union is fully triumphant, and the
rebellion completely conquerred.
Mr. THAYER here yielded to
a motion to adjourn. r :
1 : i ,
. Tuesday Jsonary IS, 1S70.
The.Senate having under consideration the
same subject
Mr. THAYER. Mr. President, I
shall not occupy much of the time of
the Senate this morning; in fact I
had nearly concluded theremarks I in
tended to make yesterday, when my
friend from Minnesota, Mr. Ram
sey, desired me to yield the floor
for a motion to adjourn. The hour
being so late, and recollecting that
Senator had with great uniformity,
voted againstall motions to adjourn,
I felt boundto oblige him. Laugh
ter. On Friday an understanding was
entered into by which it was agreed
that a Senate judiciary bill for the ad
mission of Virginia should be reached
yesterday at four o'clock. All assen
ted to that arrangement, and suppos
ed from the extrrordina ry haste with
which the bill was being pressed, and
the zeal that had been manifested by
its friends, and the anxiety they have
shown for an early vote, that we
should have reached "it yesterday. To
our surprise, however, a motion was
interposed to lay that bill aside, and
substitute the House bill, and the
spectacle was presented of my friend
from Nevada, representing the Judi
ciary Committee and having this bill
in charge, throwing aside his own off
spring? and adopting that of another.
I can inform him that this child of
his adoption is launched upon a
stormy sea, and has the prospect of a
roueh passage.
Why the bill of the Senate Which
has been under discussion for a week,
and for a vote on which a time had
been agreed upon, should be thus
summarily thrust aside, I can only
divine. An amendment had been
made to it which, in the judgement of
some who are anxious to have some
security from Virginia, might accom
plish the purpose which they had in
view. But, sir, that is trampled uhder
foot, for fear it might prevail, and the
bill of the House, naked and simple,
is pressed upon the Senate. I would
sugest to those who are anxious thus
to bring Virginia back without condi
tions and without guarantees to cast
that bill aside and to introduce anoth
er which shall declare that whereas
the Congress of the United States has
been guilty of oppression and of wrong
and of outrage upon Virginia, the
grand old mother of States, and of
Presidents, the noble Old Dominion.
the school wherein were taught for so
many long years the sacred doctrines
of the sublime resolutions of 17(J3. and
beneath Whose soil sleep the bones of
so many of our heroic dead who per
ished in saving the Government which
Virginia was attempting to destroy,
therefore we invite her to favor us
with the light of her restored wisdom
and to send up her Senators and Rep
resentatives, promising that they shall
be admitted at once, and to the chief
est places in both Houses of Congress,
anil declare to her that we express our
heartfelt regret for the treatment she
has received at our hands ! In that
way you will reach more directly the
end to which, it seems to me, you are
now tending by the legislation which
is pressed upon Congress.
Sir, less than twenty daj's ago Con
gress enacted a law remanding Geor
gia to her former provisional condition.
Why? Because the members of the
Legislature of Georgia had refused to
take the oath prescribed by the recon
struction laws, and because a portion
of the members of the Legislature
were disqualified from holding office
under the third section of the four
teenth amendment to the Constitution
of the United States; and further be
cause a portion of the members lagally
elected were ousted anil their places
filled by those illegally elected. To
day you are forcing Virginia into the
Unioi , and j'ou refuse to prescribe the
same conditions to her that you pre
scribed to Georgia. Why is this dif
farence? Does Virginia present her
self with a purer record than Georgia ?
If Georgia had her Andersonville,
Virginia had her Belle Islenhd Libby.
If the voice of oppressed loyal people
Georgia came up to the Halls of Con
gress demanding that protection
which you have guaranteed to all
who obey the law, the same voice has
come up from the plains, the vallej-s,
and the mountains of Virginia, de
manding the interposition of Federal
power to give to her loyal people that
same protection of Government and
of law. With one hand we remanded
Georgia to military power, for violat
ed conditions ; with the other you re-1
store Virginia without conditions!
Honorable gentlemen may have an
explanation, but of its wisdom the fu
ture will determine.
It will be recollected that in the act
that was passed declaring certain of
the lately insurgent States restored to
the Union, certain conditions were
prescribed. I refer io the act of June
25, 1808, wherein it is expressly declar
ed as follows:
'That each of the States of North Carolina,
South Carolina, CJf rgla, Louisiana, Ahilrfinin.
and Florida shall le entitled and admitted
to r-prescntaf ion In Cmnrre :w rt State in
the Union when tho Legislature of Haht
State shall have duly ratified the amendment
of the Constitution of the United States pro
posed by the Thirty-Ninth CongreKH end
known a article fourteen, upon the follow
ing fundamental conditions: That the con
stitution of neither of the aald Slate shall
never he so amended or change! as todeprlve
any citizen or class of citizens of the United
States of tlieriuht to vote In said State, Who
are entitled to vote by the const ituloin there
of herein recognized, except as a punishment
lor crime,' Ac.
The Congress of the United States
expressly declared thatthe Ligislature
of those Statesshould ratify at.d agree
and pledge their sacred honor to that
fundamental condition, that the rigiit
of suffrage should never be abridged
taken away from any portion of their
citizens who were entitled to a vote;
except for crime. Why, I ask the
Senator from Nevada and those who
are acting with him, do j-ou refuse
now, two years later, to apply the
same condition and require the-same
pledge from Virginia? What has she
lone to entitle her to this immunity?
What will be the inference to be
drawn by Virginia on the refusal of
Congress to require this same pledge?
it must inevitably be that she may do
With impunity that whichvou requir
ed Georgia to pledge herseli she would
not do, hecam'e you do not require the
same pledge from. Virginia; and,
judging from the past we have abun
dant reason for not believing that she
will make nse of the privilege that we
thus give to her.
Now, Mr. President, let me refer to
the statement which has been repeat
edly made in this Chamber, that we
have committed ourselves to the recep
tion of Virgi nia back into the Union
by our previous legislation. That
sta ;ement or charge has been iterated
and reiterated again, and again, and
yet not a Senator has pointed to one
sin gle line in these acts of reconstruc
tion, which committed us to the ad
mh sion or the restoration of Virginia
when she might appiy. Section six,
of the act of March 2, 18G7, provides:
"That until the people of the said rebel
State shall be by law admitted to represen
tation to the Consressol the" United stated,
any evil government which may exist there
in snail be deemed provisional only, and In
all respect subject to the paramount author
ity of the United States at any time to abol
ish, modify, control or supersede the same."
The act of April 10, 1SG9 has this
fur'her provision on this subject in
reference to Virginia, Mississippi and
Te::as :
"And hr it further enacted. That the whole
proeedInss In any of said States Khali not
be deemed final or oerntc mi a Complete res
toration thereof until their action respective
ly s!iall be approved by Congress,"
Can language be any plainer than
that? I challenge my frind from Ne
vada, or any other Senator who has
made this statement to show one line
or c ne word in these acts which bind
us to the unconditional restoration of
Virginia. On the contrary the sec
tion which I have just read expressly
admits and places it in the power of
Cot gress to review and revise the ac
tion of Virginia, and we are not in
any particular committed to receive
her on her application. So much for
the violated pledges and violated
faith.
But, sir, in admitting Virginia to
day there is a violated pledge and there
is violated faith. We have solemnly
promised to the faithful people of
Virginia that they shall have the equal
pro action of the law and the blessings
of jrood government. I appeal to ev
ery Republican Senator in this pres
ence to-day if he is sure he is making
thai pledge good to that oppressed
people? No sir the declarations of too
many of those who avow themselves
in favor of the passage of the bill
show what universal distrust there Is
in regard to this legislation ; and yet
we are ordered to put it right through
without let or hinderance. We are
urgsd to turn the true people of Vir
gin '.a over to the rule of those who
still love treason and hate the Union.
Mr. President, you and I and all
others holding positions of honor and
trus t under the authority tend Govern
ment of the United States are requir
ed to subscribe to a certain oath, some
times called the iron-clad oath, the
oath of of 1862. The legislature of
Virginia met in a provisional capacity.
Cot Id its members be required to take
an oath less binding and less restric
tive than we? They met as members
of the Legislature of Virginia under
the authority of laws of Congress as a
pro visional body. How can they es
capa that oath which Is required of all
wiohold office under the authority of
the Government of the United States?
Thtre ss a statutory authority for the
position which I am presenting, for
the concluding portion of section six.
of the act of March 2, 1807, and act to
pro fide for the more efficient govern
merit of the rebel States, is as follows :
"And no person shall be eligible to any of
fice under s such provisional governments
who would be disqualified from holding offlce
under the provisions of the third section of
said Constitutional Amendment.
If that oath is not applied to the
members of the Virginia Legislature,
how, pray, are you to ascertain wheth
er they are disqualified under the
third section of the fourteenth amend
ment? Sir.it was the spirit and in
tent, expressed and implied, running
all through the reconstruction enact
ments, that the oath should be requl
red, which would purge the Legisla
ture of those who are disqualified.
How does Congress know whether
there are or are not members in that
Legislature who are disqualified by
the provision to which I have referred ?
Did Congress intend to perpetrate the
farce of passing a constitutional
amendment which should disqualify
certain persons for reasons therein
set forth, and yet permit those same
pers ons to Itecome members of the very
Legislatures which were to ratify or
reje 3t that constitutional amendment?
Did you intend to perpetrate that in
consistency? Did you intend to place
it in the power of those who had
been warring upon the Govern
ment and would be under the pro
posed amendment to have the pow
er to reject that very amendment
whi:h Congress and the country had
declared to be necessary to guard
against future rebellion and as a guar
antee for future peace? The very
statement of the case shows the incon
sistency of the course. Sir, it was but
but just and right, at least, that thev
should be required to take the same
oath which all others are required to
tane wno enter upon onlc sand honor
and trust under the Government of the
Uni .ed States.
Mr. President, if any measures
havi ever received the sanction and
approval of the American people the
reconstruction measures have receiv
ed that sanction and approval. They
wer? submitted to the people in the
canvass of 1808, and after agcan vass un
surr assed for exhaustlessness for ar
gument and thoroughnes of discus
sion the measures did receive the
sanction and approval of the Ameri
people; and if there i.s one principal
running through these measures
which received their sanction more
than another it was that one which
guarantees to all the people of the
Unian who are law-obedient and law
abiding equality ofUjustice, equality
of law ; it is one which recognizes cit
izenship in those once enslaved and
and guarantees to them the natron's
protection. And if there Is one course
whi:h they would approve above an-
othcr on the part of their national
legislators it is that one Which those
shall follow out to the end who are
determined to see the provisions of
the reconstruction laws finally trium
phant in all the States of the South.
e have gone through struggles in
the Reld, and struggles in the civil
departments of the Government, we
are sf niggling to-day with the rebell
ion, not in the field but in another
form, and the question is not yet set
tled which is triumphant. I propose
to follow out the Course which I have
indicated and vote against the admis
sion of Virginia, because we have not,
in my judgement, the proper guaran
tees for the present and for the future
security.
. Dj you ask whence comes the pow
er to secure these guarantees? I
ans ver the power is inherent in the
Government itself to preserve its ex
istence, to maintain its authority, to
execute its provisions. If not express
ed it is there is self-evident, is self
existing. It is the God.given right of
self preservation which is in all Gov
ernments. The power exists within
this Government to preserve itelf;
if nit expressed it is implied. It is
there. The right to exist Implies the
power to preserve. The end to be at
tained implies the right to do that
which Is necessary fo attain ft. It ia
lawful to execute all the proTisfocs ef
the Constitution to save Govern raenl ;
it lthe sovereignty of government,
and if it is not set forth in statutory ?r
constitutional form. It cxiU Ij this
higher ground, that there is pOTver
within the Government to secure lL
own self protection and eelf-perpetu-tion,
which is to the Government. as
the right ot self-defense to the indi
vidual. England has no written con
stitution, but she hasantrong Govern
ment. The principle lies at the foun
dation of all government, the right to
preserve it3 own existence, and in the
absence of it all governments must
fail. It is the common law of govern
ment. That government'which can
not sustain itelf is a failure... That
government which cannot protect tho
rights of its citizens is a mockery. '
If the State fails to do this, then tha
United States must enable her to do it,
or compel her if it Is a voluntary fail
ure, for the United States are sover
If the failure results from want of potrer
eign and the State but a canstitupat
part. In the absence of this principal
of the Government the Union ni!l$. ,
But we are not left to inferential
grants of powers. Section eight of the
first article of the Constiiution of the
United States declares that ,
The Congress shall have power to make
all laws which shall be necessary and prtrn
for carrying Into execution the foregoing
powers, and all other ixiwers vest-d by tiiU
Constitution In the Government of the Unit
ed States, or any Deportment oncer there
of. The foregoing powers and all other
powers vested in the Government
must be execute.!, in order toforraa '
more perfect union in Virginia; in
order to establish justice In Virginia;
in order to insure domestic tranquility
in Virginia; in order to providrfor
the common defense In Virginia in
order to promote the general welfare
in Virginia; In order to secure tho
blessings of liberty to the people of
Virginia, and to the posterity forex
er. If Virginia has not secured theso
objects for her people then the powers
necessary to secure them must be ex
ecuted? and Congress mu8t be jnako
the law requisite for their execution.
The day of State rights dogmas ha
come to an end. There i3 a national
Government, a central Government,
to which States must yield the su
premacy. I claim for the Government
the exercise of this power in the caj
of a State which has not rebelled, 5
How much strongerand more substan
tial is the claim for its exercise la the
case of a State which has severed it -relations
with the Union and destroy
ed all civil government. -
But there Is further authority in tho
Constitution for this intervention,
this interposition of Federal power.
Section four, article four, declares
that
The United States shall guarantee to eve
Statein this Lnlou a Republican form of
Government." .
There can be no dispute on'thU
proposition, namely, that Congress U
the power to execute this trust, this
guarantee, and it is equally clear. that
Congress must determine the mode
manner of its execution, what is to be
done, how is it to be done, and when
is it to be done? It may be done br
legislation, and It may be by refusing
representation. It id, of course, JefV
to Congress to determine what is a
Republican form of Government;
that being determined its duty is
binding to see that such a government
Is enforced in all the States. Under
thi3 constitutional trust the obligation
rests upon Congress to make sure tryit
that sucn a government is established
in Virginia. A failure to accompli!
this result is a failure of war for the
Union. We are charged with high 3
and responsible trusts; we must seo
that they are faithfully executed.
No clamor for Immediate admCision
should shut our eves to the danger of
such admission. It was the command
of the American p -ople that the re
construction laws should be completef
lv and effectually executed, tosecora
the rights and liberties of all the citi
zens of the Republic. Let reconstruc
tion be radical, sure, eomnlpte and
perpetual ; then the war for the Unioa
win indeed oe triumphant.
Mr. President I harbor no litteracwi
toward the people of Virginia or the
people of the South who were In tho
rebellion. lam actuated by ho vin
dictive feeline toward them, r nnlr
ask for equal laws, equal justice and
equal proiection. we have shown,
the people of the South that we were
ready to take them bv the hand whon
they met us with a corresponding
spirit; when they eeinced a disposi
tion to csrry out the reconstruction
acts, and sustain them In rrrwvl faith
we would receive them with generous
nearts and rorget the past. But until
I see that spirit in the neorjle of Vlr.
ginia I shall withholemv vote fnr her
admission.
Danzer From Eatl n nta .ro1?raf
men advise that salt should bo taken
With IlUta. PSrwinllv trhon salon t
night. One time, says a writer, while
enjoying a visit from an Englishman,
hickory nuts were served in the eve
ning, when my English friend called
for salt, stating that he knew a case of
a woman eating heartily of nuts iu
the evenini?. who wns tafrpn Tlnionfi 1
ill. The celebrated Dr. Abernethy
was Hfui ior, out it was alter he had
become too fond of his cup,, and ho
was not in a condition to go, He mat
tered "Salt, salt," of which no notice
was taken. Next morning he .went
to this place, ami she was a corpse.
He said that had they given her salt
it Would have rplfp
would allow him to make' an ex
amination he would convince theau -
un opening the stomach the nuU '
Were fonriii In miiaa lla in.iniri4 o3
salt on thi. nnr! Iriimor'ofolt- if tt .
solved. Journal fo Jleaftfi. ' 0
A gentleman was one day open in
a box of dry good. His little son ' -
vh.i siauuing near, ana as his father
took the packages from the box, htv
laid some of them upon the arm of,
the boy. A little friend and play.
mate of the merchant's son wa-i ,
standing by looking on. As package
after package was laid upon the ana' . :
of the boy, his little friend began to j
fear his load was becoming too heavy e
and said: , ,
"Johnny, dont you think ycuN-ft ' '
got as much as you can carry V
"Never mind," dear little Johnnv
answered in a sweet, hsypy tone",,
'father knows how much, I eau carry,1
Brave, trusting littUfihvv! He
did not grow restless or Impatient o
under the burden,, heavy though if
doubtless seemed. There was no)
danger, he felt, that his fa her would,
lay a load on him too heavy for hiw
His father knew his strength," ' or 5
rather the weakness of that l;tU- urtn."
and would not overtailc If. IJorethan miL
his father loved ljim, and thprtXore could noo
ujiriii mill.
It U suiih a spirit of lovlrjg trust In blm thatl
God tWlrea ail his children t possess. H'
says: 'txeept ye be converted, and beomuiy
as little children, ye shall not enter the King
dom of I leaven." -