w1 O
OHDEOH, COLHAP? 6 CO.,
rrcrrixrTcr3,
Mcrbenon's Block, i Floor, Hill Entrance,
- X3roTVxrrllle ' TSct.
On eopy one ycf
100
t TS
FIT ooploo one yemr.
Id 00
80 00
Tweutj copies om yar
And PtAiK axb Fakct Job Work, done In
rW.tyle and t reasonable rates.
Cards of five line or leu. 15 a year. Each
ATTOiunrrs.
rOHTEH A BROWN,
Attrmer lw ad X.aad Ar
t,
Offloe In Court Honge, with Probate Judge.
' TIPTON, IIKWETT A CHURCH,
Attarmcra am Calr at Law,
OCoa No. TO McPheraon'i Block, up etalra.
. THOMAS 4 BROADY,
Office In DUtrlct Court Koom.
. M. RICH.
Attermar Law AC
Office In Conrt.Hcmae, first door, weat tide.
WM. H. McIXNNAN,
Atlanta jr and Cammealar at Law,
Nebraska City, Nebraska,
B. F. PERKINS,
Attaraey amd Camlar at Law,
Teeumseh, Johnson Ctx, Nh
rrrrsTFR F. NYE.
Jitfruty at Law a ad War Claim A(t,
. arv . 'V I-
Pairnoe City, rawne ou.,
N. K. GRIGGS,
Attarmty at Law XUal Estate Af tat,
Beatrice, Gage County, Nebraska.
XJLKD AGENTS.
R, V. HUGHES,
Heal Estate Affemt aad Jaaties af Peaee,
Office in Court House, first door, west side.
BARRET & LETT,
Lastd Afeats aV Lad Warrant Brekars.
No. Jl Main Street.
Will attend to paying Taxe$ for Non-resident.
Personal attention given to making Looationt.
Lands, improved and unimproved, or tale on
reasonable term:
WM. IL HOOVER,
Heal Estate amd Tax Pajrlaa;
Office in District Court Room.
WiU give prompt attention to the tale of Real
Frtale and payment of Taxes throughout the
Nemaha Land District.
JONAS HACKER,
Celleeter for the City af BrawiiTllle,
ma attend io the Payment of Taxes for Non
Retident Land Owners in Nemaha County.
Oarraspondence Solicited.
.MOSES H. SYDENHAM,
ROTARY PUBLIC A LAND AGEXT,
Fort Kearney, Nebraska.
WIU locate lands for Intending settlers, and
rire any information required concerning
tne lands of booth- Western Nebraska. 12-4?
physicians.
IL L MATHEWS,
FnYIICIAH AND 8UBOCOX.
Office No. a 1 Main Street.
A. S. HOLLADAY. M. D.,
Physlclaa, Sorjeom and Obstetrician,
Office Holladay 4 Co's Drug Store.
Graduated in IK'A ; Located in BrownviUe in
Hat on hand complete seU of Amputating,
Trephining and Obstetrical Instruments.
P. & Special attention git-en to Obstetric and
the diseases of Women and Children.
C F. STEWART, M. D.,
PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON,'
Office No. 81 Main Street.
Office Hours 1 to 9 A. M., and I to 2 and 6Jtf to
1i P. M.
1 W. IL KIMBERLIN, M. D.
PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON,
To the Nebraska Eye and Ear Infirmary,
irill recommence practice at BrownviUe,
May 1st, lsea.
GEORGE MARION,
Dealer in
Dry Goad a, Groceries, Boots, Shoes, Ae.
No. 9 Main Street.
-WM. T. DEN.
Wholesale and Retail Dealer in
General Merchandise, and Commlsslom
amd Farwardlaf Mertbant,
No. Main Street.
fjpm planter t, jove, oiovew, z ihtwhit, i ,
eJwayt on hand. Highest mark et price paid for
Hide, PelU, Pun and Country Produce.
G. M. HENDERSON,
. Dealer in Foreign and Domettie
DRY GOODS AND GROCERIES,
No. 53 Main Street.
J. L. MoGEE A CO.
Dealers la Gaaeral Merchandise,
No. TS McPberson's Block. Main St.
CHUG STORES.
HOLLADAY A CO.,
Whole tale and Retail Dealer$ in
Oram Medicines, Paints, Oils, ate.
No. 41 Main Street.
McCREERY 4 NICKELL,
Wholesale and Retail Dealer in
Drags, Books, Wallpaper A Stationery
No. 3 Main Street.
BOOTS AND SHOES.
' CHARLES HELMER,
BOOT AND SHOE MAKER,
No. 69 Main Street.
Hat on hand a superior stock of Hoots and
Shoes. Custom Work done with neatness and
tttrpntok, -
A. ROBINSON.
BOOT AND SHOE MAKER,
Na 5 8 Main Street.
Eat on hand a good assortment of Oenft,
Ladte't, Misses' andChildren't Boots and Shoes.
Cwto Work done with neatness and dispatch,
Repairing done on short notice.
HARDWARE,
JOHN C. DEUSER,
Da alar In Staves, Tinware, P
P4e.
Na T Main Street
EHELLENBERGER BRO'S-
Na 7 Main St, McPberson's Block.
Stoves, Hardicare, Carpenter' t Tools, Black
tmuA t tummttings, c.c constantly on hand.
ADDIXRY
. JOHN W. MIDDLETON,
HARNESS, BRIDLES, COLLARS, Etc
Na S Main Street.
Whips and Lathe of every description, and
a nwrrwy iiur, itrjj vh nana, UHA paid or
J. IL BAUER,
Manufacturer and Dealer in
'HAXLX&SS, BRIDLES, COLLARS, Etc.
: Na eo' MaJn Street.
itending done to order. Satisfaci ion guaranteed.
- SALOOKS.
" t CHARLE3 BRIEGEL,
BEER HALL AND LUNCH ROOM,
. Main Street.
EERGER 4 ROBERTS,
EILLIARP HALL AND SALOON,
Easmcat, Na o Main Street.
The best Wines and Liquors kept constantly
sm nnna. TiZ-nai.
JOSEPH HUDDARD 4 CO.,
. SALOON,
' ' ' No. 47 Main Street"
The best Wines and Liquors kept on hand.
BLISS 4 HUGHE,
,i criNERAL AUCTIOXSIIJL
. WJ. attend to the sole of lial and Personal
jfY,-,- r:- ti i w Land District, Terms
riaevwj'..
Vol. 13.
Cards of Ct8 lines or less, S5 a year. Each
tvl ftUonaUlne, fl.
HOTELS.
PE?3YLVATOA KOTJSE.
HEhi riMi-tropnetor.
Good accoirmodatlons. Boarding by the
day or week. The traveling public arelnvl
ted to give bin a call. 1-tf
STAR HOTEL.
CROSS 4 WHITE, Proprietors.
On Levee Street, between Main and Atlantic
This House is convenient to the Steam Boat
Landing, and tie business part of the City. The
best accommodaiiont in the City. No pains will
be snared in making ouestt coinfortahle. Good
Stable and Corrall convenient to the House.
Agents for K. 4 J. Str Co. -
AMERICAN HOUSE.
L. D. R0BI30N, Proprietor.
Fcpnt SU, between Vain and Water.
A oood reed and Hi cry Stable in connection
with the House, -
COKIXCTIONERTES
GEORGE YAUNEY,
Bakery and Confectionery,
No 37 Main Street,
AAn tn thn nnhlta at reduced rats a choloe
stock of Groceries, Provisions, Confectioner
ies, etc., eic
WILLIAM ROSSELL,
Bakery, Confectionery and Toy Store.
Na 40 Main Street.
Fresh Bread, Cakes, Oysters, Fruit, etc, on hand
J. P. DEUSER,
Dealer In Confectioneries, Toys, etc.
Na 44 Main Street.
NOTARTES
E.E.EBRIGHT,
Notary Pnblie and Conveyancer,
And agent for the Equitable and American
Tontine Life Insurance Companies. 6-tf
J. C. McNAUGHTON,
Notary Pnbllc and Conveyancer.
v Office in J. L. Carson's Bank.
Agent for - National Life" and "Hartford
Live Stock " Insurance Compmiet.
FAIRBROTHER 4 HACKER
Notary Pnblie and Conveyancer,
Office in County Court Room.
O. W. rAIBBROTHES, J AXES M. HACKER,
Kotary lublic. bounty cierK.
LAKSIITnS
J. IL REASON,
Blacksmlthlng- and Horse Shoeing-,
Shop Na 80 Main Street,
Will do Blackrmithina of all kinds. Makes
Horse S hoeing. Ironing of Wagons and Sleighs,
and Machine Work a &ccialag,
J. W. 4 J. C. GIBSON,
HLCKSMITIIS.
Shop on First, between Main snd Atlantfc.
All work done to order, and satisfaction guar-
ranteed.
JOHN FLORA,
BLACKSMITH,
Shop on Water St, South of American House.
Custom Work of all kinds solicited.
J. L. ROY,
BAREER AND HAIR DRESSER.
Na 55 Main Street,
TTrLt a rolendid suit of Bath Rooms.- Alio a
choice stock of Gentleman'! Notions.
GRAIN DEALERS.
GEO. G. START 4 BRO.,
DEALERS IS GRAIN, PRODUCE, die.
Aspinwall, Nebraska.
Th highest market Dricenaid for anything
the Farmer can raise. We will buy and sell
everything known to the market
WORTHING 4 WILCOX,
Storage, Forwarding and Commission
jncrcusnii,
Tknlrm tr, mil IrimAm of firain. for which
they pay the Highest Market Price in Cash.
TAILORING.
nAUBOLDT 4 ZECH,
MERCHANT TAILORS,
Ac 5 8 Main Street,
TTav on hand a Eclendid stock of Goods,
and will make ihem up in the latest styles.
on short notice and reaaonaoie terms.
WAGOIJCIAKERS
FRANZ HELMER,
Wagon Maker and Repairer.
Shop West of Court Housa
TTnnrm Ilunrrie- PUm'S. Cultivators. frC re
paired on short notice, at lout rales, and war
ranted to give satisfaction.
BOUNTY CLAIM AGENTS.
ED. D. 8MITH,
V. S. WAR CLAIM AGENT,
Washington CJy, D. C
Will a.ttnd to the nrosecutlon of claims be
fore the Department in person, for Additional
liountv. liaelc Pav and Pensions, and all
claims accruing against the Government du
ring tne late war.
SMITH. P. TUTTLE, :
U. S. ASSISTANT ASSESSOR.
1 Office in District Court Room.
xvfikn. iM,HJi mtri fnitrtl tUilpj War Claim
Agent. Will attend to the prosecution of claims
L r..-... . t fn- A tlililinnsil flrytnlflt
Back I'ay and I'rnsioM. Also the collection of
Semi-Annual Duet on Pensions.
J. V. D. PATCH, i
Manufacturer and Dealer in
Clocks, WatcaevweLTy,ete.f etc.
Na 33 Main Street
mit mr nni RUi er-Mated Ware, and all varie
ties of Upectacles constantly on hand. Repairing
done in the neatest style, at short notice. Charges
moaerate. w otk uwrarueu.
UJSIC
METROPOLITAN BRASS BAND.
; BROWNVILLE, NEBltASKA.
Is at all times prepared to play for the pub
lic at any point witliin 150 miles of this city.
on reasonaoie terms. . jvuaress,
41-3m D. CtsJtrrH, Leader,
MRS. J. M. GRAHAM, l
TEACHER OF MUSIC.
Rooms, Main, bet 4th 4 5th Sts.
L4KM oivtnon the Piano Organ, iSeloiton.
Guitar td VoccJisetxon Having hud eight wears
txiierienct ms teacher of Music in A'ew i'ork is
conjiatnt a $ivnt satuj anion.
PAINTING.
G. P. BERKLEY,
Haait, Carriage and Sign Painter.
No. 66 Main St, up stairs.
Graining, G wilding, Glazing and Paper Hang
ing done on short notice, favorable terms, and
warrantea.
A. D. MARSH,
- BookscUer and 3ewi Dealer.
dig Book Store, ,
Na 50 Main btreet, PtxitoGlce Building.
A. STAFFORD.
PHOTOGRAPHIC ARTIST,
- Na 41 Main fStreet up stairs. .
Pertons wishing Picture executed in the latest
style of the A rt, u-ul cati at my A rt Ualiery.
Probate Jndgc and Jastica of the Peace
. . a. j ' . ,f H..II Jl
J. K. BEAR.
Agent for tbe M. U. Express Cw, and
w. Li aticiriuBie.
No. 7 McPhernon Block.
C W. WHEELER. . :
. tnniDGE uciLoun.
'' Role agpyit for IL W. smiths la tent Truss
Ill A Il BLI UUjJKH U1U Ut.bL WOOUCn
bridge ltow in use.
F. II. LURCHES,
MJtmm. srusv em a w u uti assy w 1 tfr; aVA. Vsri V
WUi piaiU rropt in Garden ami cuititaei
Mrnkt hit viw.rft - - . j
KEISWFTTFH 4 F.U5SMAN,
BrownviUe City Meat Market.
WZ1 pry (ht hiphest vwrkrt price for good Bet
Caede,i.Ktve)S,ifpcn4logt.
Agricultural Department.
This Department of our caper is Edited by,
am a unaer tne contioi or vol. u. w. t cb
jf as. to whom all Communications on
"Agriculture" should be addressed.
Plant Trees and Tines.
In order to aid in planting and
TpwIng trees and vines in Nebraska,
we will receive and forward orders for
those wishing, procuring them at the
same price charged at the nursery,
the party obtaining paying freight.
"We will charge nothing for our trouble.
To Presidents of County Ag
ricultural Societies.
A law. cf this State makes it the duty
of the President of the State Board of
Agriculture, to make an annual report
to the Legislative Assembly, embrac
ing the proceedings of the Board for
the past year, and an abstract of the
proceedings of the several subordinate
societies. The same law requires
county societies to report to the State
Board annually. See section 3, chap
ter 1, Revised Statutes of Nebraska.
I am now preparing my annual report,
and will be obliged to the Presidents
of the county societies for their re
ports us soon as possible. In some
counties I am aware that annual fairs
were not held this year. Give me the
doings of the society, whatever that
may have been, together with a report
of the state of agriculture in the
county. I desire to make a full and
fair report of the condition of agricul
ture In Nebraska.
It. W. FURNAS,
Prest. St. Bd. Ag.
BrownviUe, Dec 10, 18G3.
49WU1 papers throughout the State aid
the Board by copying the above.
The American Journal of Hor
ticulture and Florists Companion,
we have no hesitancy in pronouncing
the, very best work of its kind pub
lished in the United States. It is ably
edited, and besides most of the prom
inent writers of the country are regu
lar contributors to its columns. It
contains sixty-four pages of reading
matter, and is profusely illustrated
with fine engravings of fruits, flowers,
and vegetables. The third volume
commences January 1st. We are
making up a club for I8t;9, and would
fbe pleased to receivenames. Eac h
subscriber will, in addition to the pe
riodical itself, receive two plants of
the at present most popular strawberry
"President Wilder11 and a colored
illustration. Terms, $3. J.E.Tilton
& Co., Boston, Mass.
We are Indebted to that noted
stock breeder of Kentucky, Col. R.
W. Scott, for a copy of his annual
pamphlet "Pedigrees, Descriptions
and Testimonials of Short Horn Dur
ham Cattle; 'Improved Kentucky'
Sheep; Woburn and Irish Grazier
Hogs ; and Cashmere Goats, bred by
Robt. W. Scott, Frankfort, Ky." The
pamphlet is a well gotten up book of
forty pages, containing, besides the
pedigrees and descriptions of his fine
stock of the varieties above mentioned,
a vast amount of useful information
as to stock breeding. Col. Scott is
one of the old and successful Ken
tucky .breeders, with whom it will be
well for those to confer who desire in
formation, or desire to make purchases
in his line.
TnE American Entomologist,
edited by Benj. D. Walsh and C. V.
Riley, State Entomologists respect
ively of Illinois and Missouri, and
copiously illustrated, treats of all
kinds of noxious and beneficial in
sects. It will be found invaluable to
every farmer, gardener and fruit
grower, and to every one taking an
interest in the fascinating study of
Entomology. ... Terms, $1 per annum.
Sample copies and prospectus sent on
application. Address R. P. Studley &
Co., St Louis, Mo.
In conversation with a friend and
farmer not long since, he expressed
the opinion that we "run to fruit."
We confessed then, as now, to a touch
of "fruit on the brain." While we
like and are interested in any and
everything connected with the farm,
we expect while we live to give a good
share of attention to fruit growing;
and while we have the privilege of
writing, to write more or less about
fruits and flowers. Of course grain
growing and stock raising shall have
their share of attention.
A subscriber asks, "what docs the
term Free Martin mean when used in
speaking of cattle?" We answer by
copying verbatum from Webster's Un
abriged: "When a cow produces
twins, one of them a male and the
other apparently a female, the latter is
most generally (but not invariably)
barren ; and on dissection will be found
to have some of the organs of each
sex, but neither perfect. Such an an
imal is called by the English free mar
tins.11 We are indebted to H. O. Minick
for specimens of wheat, corn and oats
forlhe agricultural department; also
to Wm. S. Hughs for Red China Tea
and White Russian Wheat.' They
have all been forwarded. Similar fa
vors are solicited. Let Nebraska have
a shelf in Prof. Glover's department,
and let it be well filled. Will John
Blacklaw send us a specimen of his
premium wheat?
We understand that MaJ. Brooks,
who delivered the address before our
State Fair, has prepared . lengthy
"Notes on Nebraska" for publication,
and that they are now, or soon will be
ready for distribution. We will let
our readers hear from them.
BROWNVILLE, NEBRASKA,
Report of tbe Commissioner of
Agriculture.
The Washington correspondent of
the St. Louis Democrat, under date of
Nevember21, 18GS, among other items
of news from the National Capitol,
speaking of agricultural matters, says:
"The annual report of the Agricul
tural Department for 1867. is going
through the prees, and will be ready
for distribution about Christmas.
Congress has ordered 225,000 copies of
it, and it makes a volume of 540 pa
ges, with 37 full page illustrations. It
ought to have been got out last spring,
but the preparation of it was hardly
begun when Commissioner Capron
came info the office last winter. The
fact that it is soon to appear is regar
ded as very certifying to those who
know the circumstances under which
it has been written and printed.
"The public will probably look upon
it as by far the best report made from
the department. It contains, besides
the renorts nroner of the commissioner
and his heads of bureaus, about twen-
ty-nve papers on ainerent sublets,
prepared by writers living in different
sections of the country. There are
three on steam culture, in which Gen.
Capron takes much interest, which
will prove of value to general readers,
as welj as to agriculturists. One is the
history of inventions for farm use,
with some consideration of the me
chanical principles involved. An
other gives the practical results of
steam culture in Europe, as snown by
hundreds of experiments, and the
third relates to the introduction and
working of steam plows in the United
States. -
"Another important article is upon
ramie or China grass, giving a history
of experimental tests in the British
colonies, resulting from jealousy of
this country, also an account of the
efforts made by the Agricultural de
partment in the same direction. There
are also valuable and interesting ar.
tides upon the government antelope
of the Rocky Mountains, of which
little is generally know, and upon the
manufacture of government fleece for
commercial purposes.
"George Husman, of Missouri, has
a long paper on wine and wine mak
ing, and Edward A. Samuels, of Bos
ton, one on the value of birds on
farms. Mrs. Ellen S. Tupper, of Iowa,
an enthusiastic worker with honey
bees, has an article on bee keeping in
winter and varieties of hardy fruits.
One of the Department officers has a
very readable article on .industrial col
leges, agricultural societies, magazines
and papers, and there are half a dozen
on southern agriculture, rice culture,
southern fruits, tobacco culture, orange
and citron culture and similar topics
not Heretofore common in the report.
There are other articles on irrigation
by citizens of Arizona; liquid manu
facturing, from New York ; farmers'
clubs, from Wisconsin ; cross breeding
and degeneration of plants, model
farm building, butter, etc." v
These annual reports of the Com
missioner of Agriculture have alwaj-s
been of great value, because princi
pally of tneir correspondence, we
look with interest for Gen. Capron's
first repoat.
Planting and Care or Trees.
We have talked and written for
years upon tni3 subject, leeiing that
success in fruit growing so much de
pends upon planting properly and giv
ing attention thereafter. The follow
ing short article is by F. K. Phoenix,
of Bloomington, 111., the most exten
sive and experienced nurseryman in
the west. It tells the whole story, and
we advise those who propose to grow
trees and vines to commit it to memo
ry, and then "cut it outandfpaste it in
your hat" for frequent reference. If
these rules are rigidly observed there
will be no difficulty in growing fruit
trees, and of having plenty of fruit:
"Most planters are so careless!
Friends, if you want trees to thrive,
plant early, on dry, deeply plowed
ground. Keep roots from sun, air and
frost, burying in ground sgain as soon
as possible. If shriveled, bury tops
and all in moist ground for ten days.
Thin out and shorten in tops before
planting, to balance the loss of roots
in digging. Dig large hofts, three
feet arross and two deep, or better still,
piow out very ueep rurrow, hiiing up
with best soil, to that trees shall stand
only as deep as in nursery. Straigh
ten out all root in natural order, fill in
with best, fine, moist earth, and then,
tread down thoroughly, watering well
if dry, before filling up. Then mulch
that is, cover the earth two feet each
way from stems with coarse manure
or .straw, six inches deep. Always put
corn or some hoed crop; never grat3
or grain among young trees. All trees
and plants in grassy yards, and dwarf
trees also, must have special care.
Wash bodies of apple trees in spring
with strong soap suds. Kill oil" the
caterpillars and leaf rollers. Let fruit
trees head low within three or four
feet of, and evergreens from, the
grjund. Let everybody plant trees,
and then take care of them."
Under the head "Evils of Land
Monopoly11 Gen. Capron, U. S. Com
missioner of Agriculture, in his
monthly report of the Department
of Agriculture for October, says r
"The following just views of the
cause of land monopoly occur in an
address at the recent annual fairof the
State Board of Agriculture of Nebras
ka, delivered by Major II. F. Brooks,
of Rochester, New York, and heartily
endorsed by the actual settlers of Ne
braska, and warmly seconded by the
secretary of the board, C. H. Walker,
in a communication enclosing the ad
dress: .
You have now in charge of your
State b00,(XX) acres of land ; that land
is worth more than all the railroads
you can build in forty years. What
ever you do with it, require that it be
passed at a low price and in limited
quantities int. the hands of actual
settlers. Your strong point is cheap
land. Every acre you pass over to
speculators to be held for an advanced
price is a clog on your prosperity.
'If you would route the speculators,
and oner your lands to actual settlers
under the provisions of the homestead
act, or at ten shillings per acre, you
would, within eight or ten years, have
as dense a population as any agricul
tural State in this blessed Union.
God grant our legislators, State and
national, wisdom to stop the whole
system of land appropriation for pub
lic and private purposes. Hold every
acre, as a sacred trust from Heaven
for landless whose needs are their title
to it, and who from the proceeds of
their industry can and will build roads
and make every needed improvement
in half the time required under the
present system. " . . -
THURSDAY, DECEMBER 10, 18G8.
AGRICULTURAL CORRESPOHDEKCL
START RIGHT.
The West especially the greater
part lying between the Missouri river
and the Rocky Mountains is emphat
ically a new country. To fit it for the
abode of civilized man, everything
save the soil itself is to be made;
and even that is to undergo a kind of
preparation. How important, then,
that all making their homes In the
"GreatWest," start aright. Having
selected your particular locality, the
"favored spot" you are henceforth to
call jby the endearing name of home,
to it that all your plans and calcu
lations, all your labors, shall tend to
make this one spot so that there shall
be "no place like" it, so attractive in
all your recollections. Arrange every
building and .field, set every vine, and
shrub and tree, plant every seed
whether for flower or fruit, shape if
possible every surrounding, so that
when tired with the labors of the day,
you -can sit down and contemplate
with cheerfulness, the work your
hands have done. Or, when
travel-worn and weary, you return
from your wanderings, and come in
sight of the farm, the field, the grove,
the orchard, the garden, the yard
where sweet scented flowers fill the
air with perfume, you will cheerily
exclaim "Th is, this is home. ' ' "Home
home sweet sweet home ; there i3
no place like home."
This is not the work of an hour, a
day, or a year. -And yet each year,
perhaps each day or hour, demands
something at our hands that may
contribute towards the grand result.
It is truly suprising and yetnotmuch
to be wondered at how much our
happiness is made to depend on what
we do ourselves. How important then
that we start aright, and keep the eriu
home and happiness in view.
Country Joe.
Out Here, Dec. L 185S.
Clippings and Jottings Agricultural.
It is said to be a great damage to
land to raise two crops a year, and yet
the poorest farmers do it. One crop is
weeds.
The Canadian' shore of Lake Erie
promises to be a new grape region.
An acre of Concords this year pro
duced three tuns.
Wheat is weeded by hand in Italy
and also in England. Wherever such
work is done the laboring people are
ignorant, besotted, and poor.
The best wine is made from cranes
growing nearest volcanoes, and to him
who drinks it will be imparted some
of the qualities of a volcano.
A wool and woolen exposition of
the United States will form a part of
the display of the great fair of the
American Institute, September next.
In England, phosphorus is extrac
ted from guano for making lucifer
matches. Many American farmers
have made light of guano for several
years.
Mayor Thomas of St. Louis rec
ommends that the City Council re
quire every property owner to plant at
least one shade tree in -iront oi nis
premises.
There seems to be plenty of cheap
and good land in Maine, covered with
heavy timber, and there is the advan
tage that while one i3 clearing his
farm he can live on bears.
Ten years ago, in the village of
Union Springs, N.Y., a tree planting
society was formed, and now there are
more than 1,000 beautiful shade trees.
Other enterprises havej followed.
Luke x: 7.
To be certain of eggs in winter,
hens must be ten months old, well fed
and housed, and any breed will an
swer. Old heas will not lay until
well feathered. Firot, feathers, sec
ond, eggs.
. It is with our thoughts as with our
flowers those that are simple in ex
Dression. carry their seed with them;
those that are double through richness
and pomp, charm the mind, but pro
duce nothing.
IF is sad to relate that when me
chanics have land they generally give
better cultivation than farmers; they
have more grapes, pears, strawberries,
and water-melons, and earlier potatoes
and cucumbers.
The English Journal of Horticul
ture says that with regard to pruning
very young pear trees, the object
should be to encourage the growth of
wood in proper directions, rather than
the production of a few fruits at the
expense of retarding the development
of the trees. '
Mulberry trees are in great abun
dance, the Xatural Wealth, of Cali
fornia giving 4,000,000 of trees for
1867, and we may say at least o.OOO.OOO
for next year's use. The production
of eggs has kept pace with the means
to supply food for the worms, for it
has bceu stimulated by a full demand
Trbm abroad.
To clean cider barrels, the Scien
tific American says, put lime water
and a common trace chain into the
barrel through the bung hole, first
tying a strong twine to the chain to
draw it out with. Shake the barrel
about until the chain wears off the
mould or pomace, then rinse well
with water. .
Gardening for Ladies: Make up
your beds early in the morning; sew
buttons on your husband's shirts ; do
not rae up any grievences; protect
the voung and tender branches of your
family; plant a smile of good temper
in your face; propagate the tendrils
of affection whenever they appear ;
and carefully root out all angry feel
ings, and expect a good crop of happi
ness. Every bushel
plied to the corn
of wood ashes ap
crop, is worth one
dollar. The truth of this assertion
has been repeatedly demonstrated by
the result of experiments accurately
conducted. On all light soil3 the ac
tion of ashes is highly energetic and
salutary; they , exert a warming and
invigorating inflnenee, and promote
?he rapid growth of almost every spe
cies oi production.
m
Those who want the American Ag
riculturist at $1 per annum, can pro
cure it at that price by becoming a
subscriber to our paper also.
f . .11. ; V) i : . M :.'
Sen. SLennan Bored by a Peripa
tetic Correspondent.
Ills VIctts Upon National Af
fairs. ,i m
From the New York Herald.
Newark, Ohio, Nov. 24, 1SG8.
We sat in the cosey library of John
Sherman's house. There were the
very heavy volumes of the chatter,
more or less lively, that has gone on
in Congress these many years, cover
ing one part of the wall ; there was an
ample collection of the great story of
the war on another part, and between
these and the window, looking out to
the orchard in which the apples grew
for the fine, clear cider, and beyond
the orchard into the valley quietly
hushed with the snow, and beyond
valley to the rich expanse cf agricul
tural xrountry stretching toward the
Ohio river. . - -
John Sherman was there qefore me,
the effect of his tall figure relinquished
for the nonce in-the lounging ease
with which he lay in his great chair,
but his face making him a man that
any one would know by its striking
resemblance to the familiar pictures of
the great soldier, his brother. The
beautiful blue-eyed baby played about
the floor with the dainty vivacity of
baby fan, keeping acertain chronicler
in mortal fear for its little head against
the sharp corners of the big book s that
lay loose learning is so hard and baby
heads are so tender and coming in
through the open door from an even
quieter part of the home wa3 the gen
tle maternal voice, calling the baby to
other delights. . -
Altogether it was a scene of such do
mestic purity and quiet as people do
not associate with the life ot a public
man, but which should be accepted
as indicating the moral tone and sim
plicity of character in one man holding
high place in national councils.
"Sir," John Sherman, "I have no
opinions on public matters that you
may not print ; no reasons to be reti
cent. At the same time there is noth
ing that at this moment I especially
wish to communicate, If you will in
dicate any points on which you wish
my thoughts I will give them."
"Well," I said, "it is part of the
story to know what you would touch.
In getting at the mind of the country
it is first of all important to know to
what subjects leading minds attach
importance. If all men went to Wash
ington with their heads full of recon
struction, the country might again be
torn on tho rack of extreme legisla
tion ; while if they went regarding re
construction as now of les3 conse
quence than some other topic it would
be very different. Perhaps I can ask
3'ou no question more to the purpose
than the one that thus comes up
what subject in our present circum
stances do you regard as most impera
tively requiring the national atten
tion?" "Not reconstruction. That is setled
by the election of Grant, which secures
the honest, firm, but kind enforcement
of existing laws. The laws already
made are enough. They cover all the
poin ts sufficiently. The necessity was
that they should be carried out in their
proper spirit and not administered by
an Executive intent on -defeating the
purpose f r which they were.made. Jt
was the national will that there should
be no more chaffering over the laws,
but that they should be put iu force.
Grant's election was an expression of
this will, and secures the desired re
sult. In any further discussion of re
construction, I would myself favor the
utmost liberality toward the South,
woupl relieve it of all forms of disabil
ity, provided only, it gives protection
to the people within its limits; but if
murder for political opinion is to go on !
as it has, if the spirit of disaffection to ,
laws properly made is to prevail there,
the only safety is in the other course.
But as I have said, the subject is not
likely to be brought up. Grant's elec- j
tion i3 a resting place." ,
"And in the state of tho nation, as
viewed from this resting place, some
other subject is of more importance ?"
"I think so ; but the particular sub- i
ject to which any man would attach
importance woufd be determined bv
the peculiar direction of his studies. 1
regard the national finances as most
important of all." .
THE FINANCES SPECIE PAYMENT.
"And you favor the speediest pos
sible return to specie payment?"
"With certain qualifications and re
strictions I would answer yes. .Specie
payment is the thought of all others
in our financial feature. By this I do
not mean that we should rush heed
lessly toward it, without regard to the
cost, for such a couse would precipi
tate upon the country greater evils
than any it suffers from paper money.
I mean that specie payment should be
the first objective point of all financial
manceyrcs to be approached with due
consideration of the means and.of every
step taken, but still to be held in view,
with deliberate persistency, for this
reason that once to reach it once to
occupy that ground is to solve all our
financial problems the currency, the
bank system and the debt. All . that
we can do with these in the meantime
is to palliate the evils they caus; for
our. financial difficulties arc not duo to
material poverty nor to defective sys
tem, but to th fact that we have pa
per where it was expected when tbe
laws were made that we would by this
time have gold."
"How would you restore specie pay
ments?" .
"Not by contraction. It can be done
in that way; but to do it would be to
ruin the debtor class,, to arrest. the
hand of enterprise and to destroy any
party that tried it. Resumption must
be reached by quite other ways. They
are mainly these: We must satisfy
the people that in no events will there
be any increase in the currency. This
will be the first step in the apprecia
tion of the paper, and will accomplish
all that an increase in the currency
could do, because it will increase its
representative value. If we make
greenbacks worth ten cents more on
a dollar it has the same effect on the
money market as if we added a tenth
to the volume of the currency. Next
we must adopt every, other means of
giving to the outstanding currency a
higher value. Thus, if the gold, re
ceipts of the Government are in excess
of the gold interest it has to pay there
must be no accumulations and subse
quent speculative. Treasury sales ; but
instead of this the Government must
receive a portion of the customs In
currency. Beside this We must allow
tbe notes to be converted into bonds
say the ten-forty bonds. The green
back is the nation's note already due.
The bond is the nation's note not yet
due. It i3 not quite fair dealing for a
Government toletita note that i3 ac
tually duo fall in value below its note
not due. The only excu.sij that could
be made is presentinability to pay the
note that is pa.t due, and the nation or
the individual iu this position must
simply ask an extension that is, it
must give for the note- actually due
No. 9.
another note, to fall due at a future
time, If it does not it repudiates to
the exact degree that the note dif
fers in value from the other. In ad
dition to these measures for Increasing
the value of the paper, I would require
the National, Banks to keen their re
serves in legal tender and also to keep
these reserves out of the speculations
of Wall street."
THE GREENBACK QUTSTION.
"The absolute limitation of crcen
backs would kill the Pendleton the
ory.
'Yes, that 13 tho point in the so-
called greenback questson which the
Democrats threw into politics. The
nation U positively pledged not to go
beyond a certain limit in the. issue of
these not?s, and that pledge is as sac
red as any other rt-Iating to the debt.
Oruthe present vof itne of currency of
cou rse tae jjc i j i oc r ;. j.u h eory co tfld n o t
be carried out, an J we cannot increase
the volume without violating one of
ther conditions o?i which our bonds
were sold. ; By th?. legal tender act of
1SG2, under which thu first greenbacks
and five-twenty bonds were made, the
amount of currency Was limited
$150,000,000. With, that limitation th
bonds did not soil at all, for men did
not yet see all the conditions. The
currency was increased to $300,000 00,
and still the bonds would not sell. The
amount wa? thon raised to -54000,000,-000,
with a reserve of -0, 000,000 and a
stipulant not to exceed that amount.
Then the bonds sold. Thu3 the known
and pledged amount of the greenback
currency wa3 very prominently an el
ement of the sale. When the bonds
were sold, Mr. Cook and Gov. Chase
held out the idea that they would be
paid in gold, but this was because they
assumed that greenbacks would be as
good as gold when the time for pay
ment came. They did not pretend to
tell the people that made the law the
bonds could not be paid in greenbacks.
As to the moral aspect of the case, by
the law the five-twenty bonds were
sold with an express stipulation that
they might be paid when due in law
ful money ; and I have no doubt that
by the terms of the con tract t he Un ited
States might if it chose, apply the
notes to tbe payment of matured debt
as well as to payment of salaries and
and debts for supplies. The law made
no distinction between public and pri
vate debts the caso of the public
creditor wa3 no better and nj worse
than that of every other creditor.
What he could complain of K, that the
United States did not Male its lawful
money range in value with tho actual
money of the world. Thus the thing
might be done and be just enough so
far as we could go with it, but that
would be only a little way.s from the
enforced limitation of thes'e notes."
"Would you favor the application
of surplus greenbacks to the payment
of any of these bonds?"
"This question ha? often been asked
me. -I do'not think I would for this
reason public sentiment at heme and
abroad would regard this as, a violation
of public faith. We cannot afford
even to lie under suspicion in that;
above all, not for what we. would gain
by this measure." '!
"What would we gain ?"
"Tho whole amount we could apply
on the payment of the public debt
would not exceed ?30, 000,000 per an
num, and all that would be saved to
the Government in a year would be
tho difference between the market
value of $30,000 .000 in greenbacks and
$10,000,000 in bonds. He does not
rightly appreciate public. credit who
would shock it for such an amount."
"You regard Pcndleton'3 theories,
then, as altogether wrong ?"
"They art repudiation in its worst
form. Pendleton wouhl violate the
law or pledge that limits the national
note and flood the country with irre
deemable paper. And to what end?
If he issued greenbacks to pay the
debt and made no provision for the
payment of the greenbacks, he would
merely defraud the creditor; while if
he made provisions for the payment of
the greenbacks, what would he gain
by his plan ?' '
THE NATIONAL, RANKS
"As to tho National Banks,. Mr.
Sherman ?" - . - .
"lam a friend of the system. Banks
are a necessity, and I am utterly op
posed to States controlling the curren
cy of tho nation or a rc-tuni t- the old
system of notes, worthless beyond a
certain territorial line. The National
Bank circulation is safe if anything is
safe. Specie payment is here, too, the
great point, and, this supplied, the
system will be nearly perfect. . Repu
diation is theonlyrestraiutonabank.
If it is compelled to redeem in gold on
demand lot it issue all the. notes it
wishes. , Undue profits also will dis
appear under the necessities of - re
demption. Get to this aud it will be
easy enough to supply the South and
West with currency ; and in the mean
time gross inequalities might be cor
rected within the present Jaws."
"The inequalities in the distribution
of his money. was, great cry with the
Democrats in the canvass," - .
"Yts; aud I.', said the Senator,
"was mueh amused, especially. by U-iv.
Seymour's -lament for the West, for
the want qf it3 share of bank circula
tion. Whoso fault is it if the West
has less than it needs ? In the original
act it was directed tbat the circulation
should be distributed according to pop
ulation and business resources. This
was found to bear heavily on some
Eastern banks that wanted to come
into the system with their. circulation,
and a great pressure for the relaxation
of the rule camafrasi Gov, Seymour's
State. There was a petition .of the
New York bankers, and I think, a
memorial irom the New York Assem
bly, and on the motions of Senator
Harris-, of New .York; the rule was
temporarily set a-ide in favor of exi
ting banks, mainly in New York and
New England: Thus the inequality
that Governor Seymour mourns over
is simply an inequality continued
down from the old State system over
which he never mourned. The act
with the distribution as it ougnt to be
was made In January, 1SS3. The re
laxation in favor of old banks mads in
June, 1334, and the first law was re
stored to it3 full effact In March, 1S35.
Complaint at the result of a relaxation
made in fkvor of New. York, cornea
very strangely from the mouth of one
of her prominent men speaking as a
volun&er champion of tho West.
. ' ' toe taxes. ? .
' "Would you make any change in
regard to taxation ?" v
''Our present system is founded on
the experience of England and France.
It is good, as it taxes mainly luxuries
and imported articles, and A3 it - is
cheaply collected, for it costs less pro
portionately to gather it than any
State or city tax, or than tho customs
duties. Air efficient tax depends on
i the honesty of tho agents, and this,' I
hope, will begreater under Grant than
it has teen. I would make taxation
touclve xcl usl vc ly , if possible, im ported
articles and luxuries, and not the ne
I cessit.es of life. I would rather apply
i
f rate3 or ADvrr.T:
Oce?:ir. (ID llni-fi.) frst Insr
Each R'K-ffiunnt Insertion
Bnlns t'f.r''., i.".ve lines or l-s
t;on.... f 1 "
,. w
. SCI
. 1 CO
I-Aca A'lilitioritti Line . .
On Ciu:nn, one year ..
m t'oiuran. p'.x month
Or." rot;r;in., threo months
Half Cf.'Iutan, t rie yesir
Half Coiuma, s'x month
Half Column, tiiree m-.ntris
Fourth Olumn, one year ..,
FourtU Column, lx mnfh....
Fourth Olumn, three month..
Fihth: Colitmn, one yfT.r ,
F.inth Coiuran, month
Eighth Coiumn, thre months..
M CM
."."."I".-'-
5) CT
(."
:im
a
. 2i M
.............. i W
21 CO
15 X
1) If)
3 &j
lein advance.
Stray ouops, (er.cri firnu-
Transient : divert. somenf i raJ"f--
a surplus to tha payment cf the debt
than reduce the taxes ; for the tax can
be better borne now than by asd by,
when they will bo paid in cold. I be
lieve in so shaping taxation that it
3hall, to a a certain deprec protect do
mestic industry. It would be ur.wbo
to reduce the duties on impcrtcdgood3
that can be made here. Protection
should, however, enly be used aa heal
thv stimulus. To diversify the lndu"-
try of our people is a great motive. If
(protection creates undue competition,
at home it goes too far ; cut the doc
trine of protection i3 now out of view
revenue is what is before ua."
FUNDING THE BEET.
"You have had some experienca
with a fundirv? bill, sir." -
"Yes; the original bill as it passed
the Senate Committee of Finance waa
aq-ood measure. The I ill as it parsed
biih Ileuses was a hninbu .' a bri Jgo
to get ever the election. The attempt
to reduce Interest to four per cent, in
this count ay will fail." A funding bill
must have more in it than a new priv
ilege to the bondholder. We want a
comprehensive measure, providing
for, first, funding the greenbacks;
second, the reduction cf the debf;
third, the redemption of the five-twenty
bonds when thy five years are out,
by sale of bonds bearing a lower rata
of interest."
"Wou'd you tax tho bonds?"
"Taxing the bonds is impossible.
The courts have settled the question
against State taxation, and common
honesty will prevent the nation levy
ing any tax on iU own bonds, save
such as it puts on other bonds, which
takes the form of an income tax."
THE RAILP.OADS.
"There is much discussion hre in
the West about a peculiar topic of tha
future the removal of the national
capital."
"Yes; it is a matter cf railroads.
Washington is inaccessible through
the action of the Baltimore and Ohio
Railroad, which is a'closo monopoly.
It is inconvenient and sometimea
dangerous to get there, and unless tho
arrangement that enables the Balti
more and Ohio Railroad to mako
Washington a mere suburb of Balti
more is broken un, the capital will bo
removed within five years. .ly own
opinion is that Congress has power to
reirulate railroad lines ar-ove all Mato
power. It is In the power given over
commerce. 'Congress shall have pow
er to reirufate commerce with foreign
nations and anion;: the several.'
This is an important power, for tiia
railroads are to bo a wonderful ele
ment in our development. Already
the value of the railroads in the United
States is $1,GW,0WX0 sixteen hun
dred millious but little less than the
national debt, and their receipts are
threa times the interest or the debt.
Any one of the four leading railroads
transports property woith $1-j0, 000,000
per year, it it is aouutiui wneiner
Congress has the power to build new
roads, it3 authority to regulate, thoso
already built is clear. In taking hold
of matters like this wc must move cau
tiously and with irood precedent in
view, though the tendency of tho
times is to a strong central nationality.
Unless Congress ha3 thi3 power thero
will be trouble about it by-aud-by.
-l-by.
Ohio
Suppose, for instance, that
should do what New Jersey actually
does declare that only one railroad
shall cross her territory she could
dissolve the Lnion with this power,
for all communication between the
East and the West lies across her ter-.
ritory; to the South you must go to
Keutuek', where there is a range of
mountains that cannot be passed by a
railroad, and to the North you must
go to the lakes and take tho chances of
the water. This is too much power
fur any State to possess."
UNIVERSAL SUFFPvAOE.
"We must," said the Senator, "havo
universal suffrage as a foundation
stone over the whole country, and
Congress oueht to submit an amend
ment to the States with that idea."
Slolst with llicir own Petard.
The democracy cf Madison county,
Iowa, attempted to be severe at the
late, election by nominating a colored
man, named Toby Edwards, to tho
position of Justice ofthe Peace. Th
negro suffrage- amendment to tho
State Constitution made Mr. Edwards
eligible. Th? joke recoiled on their
own heads, and thev began to ask,
"What shall we do about it?" Mr.
Edwards, appreciating their feeling3,
declined in the following letter:
To the Democratic Party of MadUorx
County, Iwa:
Gentlemen: I am compelled to
decline accepting the trust which you
have, by your votes, desired mo to re
ceive. A proper regard for my cwn charac
ter, .prevents me from becoming an
olllce holder in the democratic party.
I am a poor man ; my reputation 13 all
that I-possess, and I csnnct afford to
fling it away by accepting ollicial po
sition at your hands.
' My education, aho, is defective, and
although I will probably he able to
read and write'Sconcr than a majority
of tho democracy, ftilhas lnnranco
wthe only democratic qualification for
office which I possess,! cannot think
it quite fair to give mo the only pl.ico
at your disposal, to the exclusion of so
many members of the party who pos
sess tht qualification to a greater ex
tent than I do myself.
- "Again, the unfortunate color of toy
skin will prevent my acquiring a dem
ocratic nooe, and thu3 destroy ail hopo
of a renomication.
Adding to the above my natural re
pugnance to associate with "low wfcite
trash," and you have the causes which
compel me to exclaim, in the language
of the late Horatio Seymour, your
candidate I cannot be."
Tost Edwapj3.
Daniel VFehster and Elisor
Ulllz.
Slgnor Blitx, ths genial ventrilo
quia, glvc3 th9 following anusii ac
count of an Interview c? once held
with Daniel Webster: When Web
ster wa3 Secretary cf State, the Signer
wa3 in 'Washington endeavoring to
collect a bill from a man who held a
lucrative position in the Treasury De
partment. A9 he was intimate with
Webster. Blits called upon him and
asked his advice on the subject. After
learning that he could not attach th
salary of a government ofScer, the sig
ner said to Mr. Webster, "I think I
would like to hold a government po
sition." "Well, what would yoa
want?" inquired Webster. "I would
like to be a government magician. '
"Why so?" nke'J Webster. "Be
cause," said ti e Sijrnor, "after you
had carefully counted over a bundle of
one hundivd bunk notes several
times, I could count them over after
you and there would be only seventy
five." "Nonsense!" said" WcUter,
"we have men in the Treasury now!
who can give you twentv-iive and
then beat vout'