Nebraska Newspapers

    0tosUa SV&wrtiscr
Nebraska CUiuctliocv
f j. L. COLHAPP. T. C. BACKER.
0 4 1 1
I
I ' cnrncn, coLHArp & co.,
PUBLISHERS,
pjjert oa'0 Clock. 2d Floor, Hall Entrance,
...vear. in advance, - $ 08
- K0rrtion oust invaiiably, be pall In Advance
. vTTorfc and PUin and Fancy Job Work done
ffwi on short notice.
VOL. XII.
DIRECTORY.
OBESSIOTiAIi DEIEQATION
v-.-rtW it ft. Snnfctor. Brownvllli.
TY, . lir i " - 9
mi at v
Omaha.
jonK Tafte Representative, Dakota City.
8TATR DIEECTOBY.
Turin BrTLER, Governor. Pawnee City.
iHOs p. Kenxard, Secretary, Omaha.
jjhs Gillespie. Auditor, Omaha.
Arcrs-rrs Kocktz Treasurer.
S. Knox, Librarian, O mull a.
JTJDICIABY.
0 p Mason. Judge of let Judicial District,
Vm. II- noovta, District Clerk XorXemaha Co.
IiEQISLATUBE.
vi T J- Majors, Senator. Pern, Nemaha Co.
Geo Crow, Kept esentatlve, Falrvlew do
J0ris WAI.DTER. At Brownvllle, do
thaS Havwood, do Grant, do
VM Daily, do Peru, do
,ttitti R?ilTi:3 DI11ECTOEY.
n M AtkikON, Keslcter. U.S. !.,aud Office,
JOHS I" CARSOW, jieceiver. dwwuhiio.
8 P TrTTLE, U S. As. Assessor, Brownvllle.
' p' Marsh, Post Master. Brownvllle.
6 H i.KH, lieplster In Bankruptcy.
ootttcTV DIRECTORY.
Jame M. Hacker, Clerk and Register of Deeds.
g W. I:eatton. treasurer.
A. w. Morgak Probate Judge.
)AVIt60X PLASTERS, Sheriff.
P. weight, Surveyor.
r o boimes. )
rniLLiP starr, County Commissioner!,
J. L M'WIK. )
EEE5ARD OTTNS, CoTODef.
CITY DIRECTORY,
Jarvis S. CurRCH. Mayor.
vm. H. McCreerv, Clerk.
X. y. Bovd. Marshall.
jcsas Hacker. Collector.
VM. ii. uoovxa, Treasurer.
T. R. Fisher Engineer,
j. jr. Reynolds, Attoniey.
C. F. Stewart,
m r nirim.
o. w. wHtius, VAldennea.
A. W. JtOROAN,
A. P. CO &6 WELL. ,
CXitircHes.
r'-ct Bartist. Services cn Second Sunday end
.'nir Saturday of each month at 2 o'clock P. M.
Jure MetlcxlUt church in Brownvllle. Rev. M. F.
iflLLIAVS. rf'or.
Methodist EpiscopRl. Services every Sunday,
tt lb l-i AM., and 6 1-2 P. M. Prayer Meeting every
CarwliT evening; Sunday School every Sabbath at
1-3 M Her. W. S. KLACKBCRX, Pastor.
Episcopal - Sorvice la McPherson's nail every
-ttMSunlsv at 10 1-2 A.M., and every Sunday at
11-! P X Sunday School at 2 1-4 P. M. every Suti
V Rt Re . R. DAViS, Mitslonsry.
' First Presbyter-aa Services every Sunday t
K 1 1 A. H . anl 6 -1 P.M.; Sunday School at 2 1.4
P M ; Prayer meeting every Wednesday at 7 F. M.
k,T. lollS T. BA1HD. Patr.
Arrival and lleparlure of Ulalls.
Listern lXcil arrive! dai ly, except Sunday, at 1, p.m.
d.ipru " 1 1-2
ITortliem Hail arrives " " atl.p.m
departs " " at 11-2"
Western Mail arrive every trednefdav at 4, p. m.
departs every Monday at 8. a.m.
GrEtt Mail arrives every Tucday at 6, p. m.
departs every Wednesday at 8, a.m.
Eockpcrt Hail arrives every Saturday at I, i. m.
. ' departs " " I 1-2, p.m.
P:n.n will oblige bygettlnn their mall In lully
ha'.l n hour befure the departure of mails.
UJice cpea Suad ays I rom S to 9, a. m., and trom 4 to
A. D. MAUSn, P. M.
LODGE DIRECTORY".
KtMAnA Valley Lodge No. 4, A F & A M meets
rtvtlarlj In tie Masonic IlaM on the 1st and 3 J Satur
I.V. of f-ach month. T W. BEDFORD, W. M.
J. II. KonaisoK, Secretary.
Ebowxville Loioe. I () of O F. meets regularly
rverr TutrsCay evening la the Mafjnic IIa.Il.
U. C LETT, N. O.
G w Fairbrother, Sec.
Bbowstilik Lodoe, I Oof QT, meets regularly
every Friiaj eeniug in the Mi.onic nail.
jarvis scucacn, W. C. T.
tr. D. Elackbcrv, W. S.
0 A E Pot No. 1, Nemaha County, meets every
s.tercste Tiurnlay, in Brownvllle, ver Dorsey &
Bro'i Ciothlr.g Store, at 7, P. M.
Capt. O. B. IISWKTT, P. C
W l.BLACkBCR!, P. A.
BARMuSIA Meou every Wednesday evening In
tlcl.;i es-t of TeiegrpU f!!ce Mcpherson's Block.
LOUIS WALDTKR, Pre.
Cheis Eavdoldt, Sec.
Eeowsville Literauv Ass ocx ati ok -Meets
fverj TLurwJay evening at 7. P. M.
J. U. BROADT. Pre.
3.1, Patch, Eec.
VtSTIRS I'NIOH TELXQRAPn COMPAJTT Offlce
In kcPLera-ju's Block. J. K. BEAR. Operator.
DRUGTORES
HOLLADAY & CO.,
Vholebale and Retail Deaier In
DErGS, MEDICINE, PAINT, OIL, &c,
P. O Bulldlnz, Main St.,
" Wr IlTIcCREERY,
Vhoieeale and Retail Dealer In
Dugs, Books, Wa!l-r3per and Stationery,
Corner Main and let Sts.,
MERCHANDISE.
GEORGE MARION,
Dealer In
Dry
Goods, Groceries & Notions.
Foot ot Main Street near Levee,
165Q.
Established
1S56
WM. T. DEN,
'BTnoleeale and Retail dealer In
GENERAL MERt HANDISE.
Corn Planters. Plows. Stoves. Furnitnre.
COXXISSIOy AXD FORWARDIXQ MERCHANT
Main atreet bet T.eveA and lot.
Cicjest market price paid for Hides, Pelt; Fur$ and
G. M. HENDERSON, -
fiealnr tn
BUY GOODS AND GROCERIES
Mala let. 1st and 2d Sts.,
chart r; Timrnrr.
BEER HALL, LUNCH ROOM
AND LI GUT GROCERY STORK,
nam bet. lot and 2d Sts..
J. L. McGEE & CO.,
Dealtrt in
GENERAL MERCHANDISE.
WcPhernon's Block. Main Ftreet,
ATTORNEY S.
Attorney and Counsellor at Law.
overDor?ey Bro's Clothing Store Main St,
v -a r
-".irtoa O.B.Hewett J.S.Church
Won, hewett & church,
XTT ntVT?vo ,v rr T . t tit
KcPherson s Block, Mala st. botween 2d & d.
rm77
"UMAB. J, H. BROADT.
THfJATAQ Rr npnanv
Attorney at Law Soliciter in Cnancery
. ace over Dorsey's Clothing Store,
WM. McLENNAN,
. frSBBASKA CITT, NKBRASEji.
a., CHESTER F. NYE,
"TTORXEY AT LAW.
Awn
WM CLAIM AGENT,
PiWVES CITT, KZBBAEEA,
Vi r
BROWNVILLE, NEBRASKA, THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 27, 1868.
HOTELS.
J. rTaVZNBOM. p. o. CROSS.
STAR HOTEL,
8TEVE?:SON & CROSS, Proprietors,
On Lvee St. . between Main i. Atlantic.
Ttls House ii ronvi;u; u the Steam Boat Landing,
and the tctmess rart vt the Citv. The best accommo
dations In the City. No pains will be spared in mak
ing-gnetts comfortable. Uood Stable and Corral con
vement to the Hoaae
PENNSYLVANIA HOUSE.
IIICnAEI,riN2r,Proprietor.
eonthiide Main between lut an.i 2nd treeta.
Aleals at all H onrfi. or for IkCf-nlar Hrtaritem. at
A . o- z '
mo usual rates. 12-Il-ly
AMERICAN HOUSE,
Ii. D. EOBISON, Proprietor.
A good Feodaad Livery Stable In connection w..hthe
House. Front street, between Main and Waterr
PHYSICIANS.
J. W. BLACKBURN, M.D.
PENSION EXAMINING SURGEON,
Tenders his professional service to the eiticena of
BrownTii'o and Tiein.tj.
OFFICE AT CITY DRVG STORE.
Night calls at bis Residence soutn tide of Atlas
tio between 1st and 2nd etreets.
H. L. MATHEWS.
PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON,
OFFICE
CITV
DRUG
STORE,
A. S. HOLLADAY. M D.
(Graduated in 1S61 ; Located in Brovnville in 1S5 )
Physician, Surgeon and Obstetrician,
Dr. IT. htm on band complete gets of Amputat
ing, Trephining and Obstetrical instruments.
Office: nollaaayfc Co's Drug Store. P. O.
P. S. Sneoialattention snven to Obstetrics and
the diseases of women and children. x-44-ly
C. F. STEWART, M. D.
PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON,
OFFICE:
Jnntn T.nst corner of Main and First Streets
fficb Horta 7 to 9 a. M.and 1 to 2 ando to
7 V p. v
BLACKSMITHS.
J. H. BESON,
Will do BLACKSMITHING of all kinds.
Make$ Horte Shoeing, Ironing of WagonM and SUight
ana Macmne tvom a opeciaiiy.
Shopon Main St., weft of McPherson'e Block,
J. W. & J. C. GIBSON,
B L. A C K S M I T II S
SHOP on 1st between Main and 2d,
All Work done to order Sat itf action Guarrantied.
JOHN FLORA,
R T. A O K S M I T H
Shop on Water Street South of American House
t57"Cu8tom Work ot all kinds solcited. 12-12
NEWS DEPOTS.
A. D. MARSH,
NEWS DEPOT NO I-
SCHOOL BOOKS, STATIONERY, &c,
Poht Office, Main St.,
T. 0. HACKKB. 3, S. CHURCH. J. ! cotaAir
HACKER. CHURCH & CO.,
Book-Sellers, Stationers and News Agents,
Sonth side Main Street,
STOVE & TIN STORES.
OIIN 6. DEUSER ,
Dealer in
STOVES, TINWARE, PmiPS,&c.
Opposite MtPherson's B'ock,
SHELLEBERGER BRO'S
nrtmiLfirturerM and Dealen in
TINWARE, STOVES. HARDWARE. CARPEN-
prnvrctin'fi Arc
Merhereon' Block Brcwnvl'.le. Neb
BOOTS & SHOES.
r H A R f.F?S HELLM Eli.
TCOOT AND SHOE MAKER,
Main Street 2 doors below the southeast corner of 2nd.
u - h.nJ a i.twrii.r stock of Boots and baoes
u.e vu " ""i"" .
nd the best material and ability for doing
1ST" Curtom Wort done vtih nea!nes$ ana ai$pan.
A ROBINSON.
BOOT AND SHOE MAKER,
Mftln Between m a a oircc-
-.f n f firm TfT the rublio that
iSKe VD1B liiumuu vi o r ,
he has on band a splendid assortnent of Gent s and
Ladie'e Misees' and Chlldreus'a
TnoTS &. SHOES.
CJ-Custen work done with neatness and dUpatchCS
Repairing aono on paort nuuoo. ,v
CONFECTIONARIERS.
CONFECTIONERY AND TOY STORE
I ..a 3
Fresh Bread, Cakes, Ojster , run, o., cn nana.
Soathside Main between 1st and Zd arreen,
" J. P. DEUSER,
Dealer In
Ccnfectionaries, Toys, Notions, &c,
Main bet. 1st and 21 Sts.,
WM. ALLEN.
Proprietor of the CITY DA.KERY. Fancy Wed-
InConfectlonarles. Fruits and beat Family Flonr.
Main Street let. iit and 23,
SADDLERY.
J. H. BAUER.
Dealer In
HARNESS, BRIDLES Sc COLLARS
Mending done to order israci ion pwrwu.
Shop on Mainbet. 1st and Id sts..
JOHN W.MIDDLETON
Munrfurturer and Dealer la
HARNESS, BRIDLES, COLLARS,
Whips and Lashes of every description, Flasterln
xiair. iuu iui xa.vw.
Corner Main and 2d Sts.,
W D MAHIN,
nrnv facturer and Dealer in all kinds of
Raddles. Harness, Whips, Collars, &c.
I Smith's Patent Trace Buckles,
Nixon's Fated I race uuciues.
forth Side Main Stroet,
MRS j. M. GRAHAM,
TEACHER OF JI U o 1 u .
T.TSSOXB GIVES OS THE PIANO, ORGAN,
unnnrnK nrtTAS AND VOCALIZATION,
Having had rtnht years experience as Teacher of
Music tn New i or kit confident of giving satisfaction.
Rooms Maio, bet. 4th c 5th sts.
lo-ly JtROWNYILLE, NEBRASKA.
ifwt tor
LIBERTY AND UNION,
J. C. McNAUGHTON,
Notary Public and Conveyancer,
Agent for " National Life" and "Hartford Live
Stock Inturance" Companies.
umce in J. j.. (jargon's uana,
R. F. BARRETT.
GENERAL LAND AGENT, AND
LAND WARRANT BROKER,
fnil attend to paying Takes for Non-residents. Per
sonal attention Ktven to making Locations. Lands,
imprcved and unimproved, for sale on reasonable
terms. vl2-n2o-ly
UNITED STATES EXPSESS COMPANY.
j. t-. oarson, agent,
Office Carson's Bake, Brown yule, Nebraska
Carries Freight, Money and Small Packages to all
parts of the United states.
E. H. BUR CHE $,
LANDSCAPE GARDNER
Will the coming Spring plant crops In Gardens and
nltlvate same by contract. -.Will also have on hand
weet Potato, Cabbage, Tomat6 & Perper plants for sale
WORTHING & "WIIJCOX,
STORAGE, FORWARDING
AND
COMMISSION MERCHANTS,
And dealers in all kinds of Grain for which they pay
ffle Highest Market Price in tasn.
GEO. T. DORSET. LUTHER HOADLJSY. CHAS.G.DOBSEV
DORSEY HOADLEY & CO..
REAL ESTATE AGENTS, AND
DEALERS IN LAND WARRANTS AND AG
RICULTURAL COLLEGE SCRIP.
Offlce In Land Office Building,
Buy and sell Improved and unimproved Lands. Buy,
sell and locate Land Warrants and Agricultural Col
lege Scrip. Make careful selections of Government
Lands for Location, IlomeFteads, and Pre-emptions.
Attend to contested Homesteads and Pre-emption cases
in the Land Offlce. Letters of inquiry promptly and
carefully answered. Correspondence solicited. 2otf
FRANZ HELMER,
WAGON MAKER
OPPOSITE DEUSER'S TIN-SHOP,
WAOONS. BTJGQIE3. PLOWS. CTJITI-
VITOK8, tc. , Repali ed on short notice, at low rates
and warranted to give satisfaction. x-13-fn nn
JONAS HACKER,
Tax Collector for the City of Brownville,
Will attend to the payment of Taxes for non-resident
land owners tn a emana county. Torres
pondence Solicited.
Offlce on Main bet. 1st and 2d,
SMITH P. TUTTLE.
U. S. Assistant Assesnrand Claim Agent. Will at
tend to the Prosecution of Claims before the Depart
ment fir Ad Bounty Back Pay and Pensions Also,
to tht Collection of Semi-Aunual dues on Pensions,
Office over Carsons Bank Main street,
A. STAFFORD,
PHOTOGRAPHIC ARTIST
Persons wishing Pictures executed in the latest style
of the Art will please ecu at my Art uaucry.
Main street bet. let and 2d street,
J. W. SMITH.
BARBER AND HAIR DRESSER
Main St., 5th door roin S W cor 2nd St.
GATES & BOUSEFIELD,
BRICKLAYERS & PLASTERES
Will take contracts for Bricklaying, Plastering,
buildintr Cisterns, and do anything in their line
in the most satisfactory and workmanlike manner.
Aug.30,1866. x-4i-iy
KEISWETTER & EARSMAN,
Butcherb,
CITY MEAT MARKET,
Main bet. 1st and 2nd Sts.,
J. V. D.PATCH.
Manufacturer and Dealer In
CLOCKS, WATCHES, JEWELRY,
Silver and Sllver-PIated Ware Constantly on hand
all varieties of Spectacles. Repairing done In the
neatest style, and at short notice. Charges moderate.
Work warranted. City Ding Store,
BROWNVILLE, NEBRASKA.
W. H. KIM.BERLIN,
OCULIST AND AUKIST.
Will Treat all Diseases of the Eye and Ear.
Rooms at the Star Hotel,
Tenders bis services to the citizens of this city and
vicinity. May he consulted at tha above place from the
1st to the 10th of eacb month. Ana at me baiem uouse,
Salem, Richardson county. Nebraska,
from the 10th to the last of each month. 12-llly
JOHN L. CARSON,
r a
Ia il a
Browxivillo, 2NJo"fc.
TTtoi n(n Kinno-M and Bolil nn fl.ll the nrinpipftl
Mjm B-- T .
Cities. Also, doaler in Gold and Silver Com,
Gold Dust and
GOVERNMENT BONDS.
Deposits received, payable at sight.
Interest void on time Deposits by especial
1 . m , r I J -
agreement 1 axes paia jor non-re&iuenis.
All kinds f
U S.BON DS WANTED
JOHN L. CARSON.
R. F. BARRETT,
Proorietor of the
HEW STEAM FERRT BOAT,
SrK SET, and owner of the entire Ferry PranchU at
nUOWXVILLG, 1VECR4SHA,
Would respectful lyrepreseat to he Traveling Public
that they can be ferried over the Missouri River, at
Brownville, promptly and without delay, at all hours
In the day time
The capacity of the boat will accommodate
Fllteen Loaded Wagons and Teams
OR 100 READ OF BEEF CATTLE,
AT ORE Tltlir. n20-tf
VH9. ZCMCK LEACH. M1S8 MABT A. 81XFSON
LEACH & SIMPSON,
Milliners & Dress-Makers
Ww, t infnr the ladies of Brownville and
vicinity that they has just cimmenced a first class
MILLINERY & DRESS-MAKING
S3 355E
Where work Will be done with great enra and neat
--.I aftar tKa taAst Rustern gtvl?.
Bleaching and Repairing done in the very latest
etlo and on short notice.
t . t i.i;.1..,! t-hV! rt b Rata and
itonnets constantly kept on hand, J- latest pat-
twnsTjf Ladies uresses, woaujavy. -.v-i. v..
thing cut on short notice "
Second Stieet. between Main & Water
BR 0 1VNVILLE, NEBRASKA.
F
resh Tomatoes, ia two and three P? J a
I
A
ONE AND INSEPARABLE, NOW AND FOREVER."
EDUCATIONAL.
M'KEKSIB, EDITO
Teaching.
Teaching ia a trade, a real corns fide profession ;
and needs to be Iearn.d as much as does law or
medicine, if the person would be successful as a
teacher. The great cano of so many failures in
onr common school .icachecs, is because so many
make it only a stepping stone to aid iu some other
profession. A lawyer or a doctor, while persuing
his course of study, finds it very convenient to
spend a few weeks each year in some district school
room, swaying the "birchen rod," and "teaching
the young idea how to shoot," in order to replen
ish his depleted purse, not because he likes the"
business; oh, no I far from it; tut jt is a conven
ient way to obtain a little money. And how often
do we hear him praised as a highly accomplished
teacher, because he can read a little latin or green,
or solve a problem in algebra, or demonstrate a
proposition in quantity, when in reality he is infe-
ior in ability to some young lady who could not
reoeive half the compensation for her services.
Now, we all admit the great advantages of a
thorough and systematic drill in the recitation and
lecture room, to fit men to pursue the practice of
law or medicine. Is the instruction of our youth
less important than are these? Can we afford to
leave our children waste their precious spring time
of life under the tuition of those who will only
blunt the sensibilities and leaden tha intellect ?
The times demand educated teachers. Already are
many of the States holdiag out inducements to
young men and women t become professional
teachers, and this conrse is richly repaying the
State in the great improvecent of common schools
and the consequent intelligence of the people.
One of the first requisites then we would say is
to fully adopt the profession of teaching as your
business. Make it, if not four life work, at least
your employment for a number of years. Now that
you are fally pledged to this course, ask yourself
how you can best advance the cause, and set about
your work with a determination to be second to
none. Teach thought, not words; let the .child
have a clear understanding of every word he uses,
flere Is the great "reck" on which so many teachers
split. Scholars are made to commit long columns
of words, which, to them have no meaning what
ever. This is wrong. Every word should bring
up some definite image to the mind, and unloss this
is done the word becomes but useless rubbish in the
mind. Teachers, is this your aim ? Are you doing
this in your schools ? cr are you using words every
day that brings no thought to your own mind ?
Now who are our Nebraska teachers ? Who will
come forward and enroll his name as one who ex
pects to work in the school room for the next few
years? The following students are now attending
the Normal School who have enrolled themselves aa
prospective teachers, and some of them will try
thbir skill the next bummer :
Mr. John Dundas,
MUs Maggio Tinkham,
Mis Alia Myers,
Mirfs Melisa S.Huntley,
Miss Almed Bagley,
Miss Annio Swan,
Mis Jennie Richardson,
Miss Lottie Giie?,
Mifs Illinois Tate,
Mr. Curtis C. Mender,
Mr. Peter Warner,
Mr. E. B. Tinkham,
Mr. Vm. Win tors,
Mr. Wilson E. Majors,
Mr. F. M. Williams,
Mr. James Williams,
Mr. Henry Roberts,
Mi--s Emma San.
Districts desiring to eagago a teacher will do
well to enquire at the State Normal School.
Minding the Stops.
We take the following from lWthend's Teach
er's Assistant :
"A country school master, who found it rather
difficult to make his pupils observe the difference
in reading between a oomma and a full point, ad
opted a plan of his own which, be flattered himself,
would make them proficient in the art af punctua
tion. Thus, in reading, when they camo to a com
ma they were to say tich, and read on to a semico
lon and say ticl,tich; to a colon and say tich, tich,
tick ; and when a full point, tc, tich, tick, tick.
Now, it so happened that our worthy school master
received notice that the parish minister was to pay
a visit of examination to his school ; and as he was
desirous that his pupils should show to the best
advantage, he gave them an extra drill the day be
fore examination. 'Now,' said he, addressing his
pupils, 'when you read before the minister to-mor-
row, you may leave out the ticks, though you must
think them as you go along, for the sake of elocu
tion.' So far, so good. Next day came, and with
it the minieter ushered into the school room by the
school master, who, with smiles and bows, hoped
that the training of the scholars would meet his
approval. Now, it so happened that the first boy
called up by the minister bad been absent the pre
vious day, and in the hurry the master had forgot
ten to give him his instructions how to act. The
minister asked the boy to read a chapter in the
Old Testament, which he pointed out. The boy
complied, and in his best accent began to read :
'And the Lord said unto Moses saying, tick, speak
unto the children of Israel saying ; ftei, tick, and
thus ehalt thou pay unto them. Tich, tick, tick,
tick.'"
.This unfortunate sally, in bis own style, acted
like a shower-bath on the poor school roaster, while
the minister and his friends almost died of laugh
tor. 1
Composition
Reat at the weekly txereine of the formal School
Ftb. list, by Henry Roberts:
When we pause amid the ceaseless rush of events
that follow each other so swiftly in the history of
nations, we involuntarily k ourselves.- What. is to
be the fate of the American Republic in the strug
gle for opulance and powerl Shall this the young
est and nearly the strongest nation that history
has as yet mentioned follow the universal course
cf republics, and after rising steadily and swiftly
to unexampled prosperity, finally reach the senith
of her power and sink into oblivion, leaving only
a glimmering spark shining down the stream of
time to warn others of the breakers in which she
stranded T It may be hard for us who have learned
to regard our govern mcnt as one of the stable
things of earh, to think this of our nation, yet we
know the future only by the past, and history is
directing pur eyes toward the wrecks of other
nations, once the pride of the world, and repeating
in our ears the fearful warning "the stars that
glitter on yonder bnnners (freedom's chosen on
sign), shall go down, and the light that now il
lumes the pathway of freedom and progress shall
be obscured by the gloom of ignorance and despot
ic, unless you avoid iho rock on which the hope
of past ages have been wrecked." Thon let us, the
atandard bearers of liberty iu the conflict of free
dom and despotism, found our structure on the
broad principle of equal rights to all, and the uni
versal diffusion of knowledge, anl then if fall we
must, we will have the satisfaction of knowiii
that we have tried io do our duty to ourselves and
our fellow-men,
I 4
SPEECH ON RECONSTRUCTION,
Delivered by Hon. T. W. Tipton in
the United States Senate February 19th,
1868:
Mr. TIPTON. Mr. President, in the year 1854 a
bill passod the Congress of the United States to
at m . - i. i i
organize ine lemiorj 01 ieorasaa. oeiuro mo
passage of that organic act, if neoessity had re
quired, a military or prov isional government might
have been instituted unti 1 such time as Congress
should permanently organ iae civil govertment.
The limitation of such a temporary government
was fittingly described by Secretary Seward to
Governor Sharkey, of Mississippi,' July 24, 1834 :
"The government of the State win be provisional
only until the civil authorities shall be restored with
the approval of Congress."
In that organio act for the organ! ration of Ne
braska it was provided that the right of suffrage
should only be exercised by citizens of the Unit ed
States and such as had declared their intentions to
b.oomo citizens, and who were white males over
twenty-one years of age. Subsequently Congress
passed an act to enable the Territory to adopj m
constitution and apply for admission as a State.
That application foi a State was made at the last
session of the thirty-ninth Congress. But before
adopting the constitution of Nebraska, as slavery
had been abolished and society was no longer di
vided between citizens and slaves, an act had be
come a law affirming that in the Territory of Ne
braska there should be no distinction on account of
color in the exercise of the electivo franchise. It
was claimed that the fourteenth amendment to the
Constitution, declaring all persons born in the
country citizens, made it proper to open up to equal
rights all the Government domain. Ti is was re
garded as unavoidably necessary, inasmuch as it is
made the duty of Congress to guaranty to every
State in the Union a republican form of govern
ment ; and a State could not be republican in which
any class of the citizens were excluded from the
ballot-box. But inasmuch as the organio act lim
ited suffrage, having passed before all persons born
in the oountry were declared citizens, and Congress
having supreme power over the Territories, when
Nebraska presonted a restricted constitution Con
gress claimed the right to make its adoption de
pend upon the fundamental condition that there
should be no distinction on account of color in ex
ercising the elective franchise.
But, supposing that INebraska bad cent up two
conflicting constitutions. Then she would have
been met at the very threshhold with the decision of
the United States Ccurt in the case of Luther vs.
Dcrden, 7th Howard, as follows;
"Under this fourth section, fourth article, of the
United States it rests with Congress to decide what
government is the established one in a State. For, as
the U&ited State, guaranties to earh State a republi
can government, Congress must necessarily decide
what government Is established in the State before it
can determine whether it Is republican or not. And
Its decision is binding upon every other department of
the Government, and could not be questioned In a ju
dicial tribunal."
But, as no such conflict arose, Congress had only
to decide upon the republicanism of the constitu
tor, and hence Nebraska is to-day a State in the
American Union, in which all citizens of the U. S.
arc charged with equal duties and are admitted to
equal privileges and blessings. On that bnsis 1 am
proud to be one of her Representatives, and wi 11 of
every other State entering tho Union demand the
same provision.
What, then, was the condition of the ten seceded
States when General Grant received the sword of
General Lee? Or, for example, what was the con
dition of South Carolina? In 1SSI the had with
drawn from the Government of the United States
her Senators and Representatives ; had levied war
upon the Government and waged it for four years.
Hho had been represented in a confederacy of States
unknown to and antagonistic to tho Government
of the United States. Th;it confederacy bad been
blotted from tho fua of the earth : its armies sur
rendered and s 11 its officers, civil and military, va
cated. No confederate officer had been bound to
the Government of the United States by an oath cf
cmce ; but his allegiance ha 1 been pledged against
it. The true condition of all her poople, without
scarcely an exception, was that assigned them in
the most expressive and truthful language of the
1 resident of the Lnitea States :
" I say the traitor has ceased to be a citizen, and In
joining the rebellion has become a public enemy."
And so she was a conquered public enemy, with
no more show of loyal, legal State government
than the adventurers on the frontier before the or
ganio act passed for Nebraska.
IIow,thtn, could she be restored again to her
place in the Union? She might bo held under
military rule or restrained by a provisional govern
ment, which should in all respects crnt'orm to the
will of tho conquering power till such times as Con
gress shall pass an act to enable the people to form
a State government, or till such foim of govern
meut as miht bo improvised for .the occasion
should be received, examined, ond adopted by
Congress. If Congress v olunteered a form of ter
ritorial government the whole question of who
should participate in elections and in holding offi
ces would be for their decision. And when the
State thus reconstructed from tho fragments of a
rebel organization should present a constitution
for the adoption of Congress, I would proceed upon
the assumption that all persons born iu the United
States are citizens of the same, and are entitled to
equal rights, regardless of race or color ; and if 1
found aforoignor who had never boeu naturalized,
but who had already fought under the flag of the
Union, I would consider him a citizen, anl feel
honored in legisla ing him into tha full posses ion
of every American privilege And if I found a
race of men from whoso sweat and blood tho lordly
estates of Carolina had been amased,and on whose
brows had never fallen the light of freedom a
class who were true and loyal when the spray was
over them and treason the certain path to favor
and influence I would enfranchise them without
precedent, amend constitutions, and enact laws in
their faver. In a word. I would prefer loyalty over
treason, and not allow any rebel element to enter
into that elementary organiaation.
To the loyal people 1 would accord just tho same
constitution my own constituents have so lately re
ceived from Congress; and from the disloyal with
hold only that which I would withhold from a reb
el of Nebraska who might have levied war against
his State and government. Instead of defying in
tellcgcnce I would decide that the most ignorant
man in all the land who was loyal and true was
dearer to the heart of the nation than the polished
and erudite who doubted, was neutral, or a foe.
If the question of investing the sol iier with the
elective franchise could have been settled on the
field of battle just after one of those celebrated
charges in which color made no distinction and all
bloods mingled, then the intelligence and property
qualification would have gone down, down as did
the rebel lines before the combined power of loyal
men of high and low degree.
If the fang3 of slavery had not originally pierced
tha Constitution, then, in the first days of the
Union, when citizens were sent out to claim do
minion ever the unpeopled Territories of the na
tion, it would have been to establish and support
government through the ballot-box irrespective of
color. And then those governmentsonce admitted
as States, it would have been to organize their
militia and bear arms, irrespective of color ; in
paying taxes and errecting churches and school
house, in buiidiDg bridges and roads, in reclaim
ing the wilderness and crowding the rivers with
commerce, it would have been on the ba.ia of man
hood, the powerof muscle, and dominion of will.
Mr. President, in the opening of this dh oussion
the Senator from Wisconsin declared :
It is a very different thin? to taie away from a free
man a privilege long eierciscd by him and by his an
ceors from what It Is Vi confer one never before en
joyed upon innorant, half civilized Arrlcans, jul re
leased from slavery."
Sir, I aver thu we did not rob these white rebels
of the South of any privilege ; we captured them
as publio enemies after they had abandoned every
Erivilege under our Constitution. Tba Senator
imseif admits, and I quote lis own language :
"For their criminal acts we would have the legal
right to try and convict and sentence to Imprisonment
and to death."
But, instead of punishment and death, we com
mence to remit them back again to their original
standing, and at ocoe reclothe them with all for
feited rigbtm, exoepting, in a few instances, that cf
voting ; while in this instance the prohibition is not
final but temporary.
Ag,ain, the Senator charges that it issa atrocious
libel upon ourselves, upon our ancestors, and upo n
the results of Christian civilization, to allow the
African the elective franchise at once, while the
foreigner
"Most appear In open court, and. after five years
residence, 'prove by the testmonyof two citizens a
good moral chiracter and that he is well disposed to
wards the Gove rnment and Institutions of the United
States."
Sir, these colored voters are all native-born Am
erican citizens; some of them are of pure African
parentage, but many of the most enterprising are
descended in part from the most intelligent and ar
istocratic families of the sunny South ; and it was
only the other day that a colored orator immortal
ized his parents by describing how quietly repose in
a Virginia grave yard his once proud white father
and humble slave mother.
These emancipated sons of toil need no indorse rs
of their good characters and dispositions toward the
Governmentof their country. Twenty-fire million
people stand sponsors for them to-day. now nobly
they carried themselves during the bloody years of
war 1 Their masters had proclaimed from every
stump in the South in case the Republicans eleoted
Lincoln their slaves would all receive emancipa
tion. And every one of them had heard the flying
story, and all their simple, trusting faith in God an
ticipated the coming of the kingdom and the year
of jubilee. They bounded to meet the advancing
columns of the Union on our first approach to the
lines of rebellion ; but they were driven back to
their hovels and chains, or dragged from the very
shadow cf the stars and stripes by rebel master to
the auction-block and slave-pen. What then was
the evidence of their "good character and disposi
tion toward the Government of their country?"
Quiet submission. And the n they were told by the
more intelligent that the Pre silent would restore
the Union without slavery if possible, but with
slavery if unavoidable. S ti 11 they swallowed their
tears, stifled their sighs, and only in muffled ac
cents uttered, 'How long t 0 Lord, how long 1"
Finally they volunteered as soldiers, knowing
their death warrants were signed in advance if cap
tured ; and, even after the massacre of Fort Pillow
rushed into the depleted ranks and carried aloft the
tattle-torn banners red with the blood of their
comrades. Never, no never while publio virtue
lives and our hearts respond to the high behests of
justice will this newly enfranchised race be com
pelled to appear in any court this side of heaven's
high chancery to prove their loyalty and good in
tions toward their native land.
I was much astonished at heari ux the Senator
charge disloyalty on the people o f oolor. He ex
claims: "Let us examine this bold assertion. Is It true?
Were the negroes loyal during the rebellion? Recall
the facts. "Who does not remember that at least three
fourths ef ail th negroes In those States during the
whole war did all in their powor to sustain the rebel
cause? They fed their armies; they dog their trench
es ; they built their fortifications ; they fed their wo
man and children. There were no insurrections, no
uprisings, no effort of any kind anywhere ouUlde the
liues of our armies on the part of the negroes to aid the
Union cause. Iu whole districts, in whole States even,
where all the able-bo lieJ white men were conscripted
iito the rebel army, the great uida ot negroes, of
whose loyalty you boast, under the control of woman,
decrepit ld men and tx ys, did all they were capable of
doing to aid the rebellion."
Does ha not know when tho dag trenches and
built t'ortifi ations it was under military supervision
and that whe n they refused to rebel and mussaore
their old, decrepit men anl woa.en and helpless
children they were making loyalty honor them for
their fidelity ?
No, sir, it is not true that they did all in their
power to surtain the rebel cause. Tbey might have
enlisted with the rebels, but they would not trust
them. Even when the lastcdd man that could carry
a musket and the last boy that Could stop a Fede
ral bullet were crowded into the ranks they saw
their causo perish lor Want of soldiers, while the
African held the balance cf power in the r'ederal
army. They might have piloted the boys in blue
into ambus'a and battery; they might have carried
news of our advances and maneuvers ; they might
have been spies as our servant-i and refugees ; but
they toiled by day and traveled by night to warn us
of danger, and were so universally true that an
enemy should scorn to uso the exception, lean
understand how the Senator from Wisconsin might
arrive at an astoundingconclusion from false prem
ises, but I am lost in astonishment at this charge so
confidently asserted and so clearly defined. The
Senator says :
"I ask. with all the earnestness of which the soul is
capable, can any human being conceive of a measure so
well calculated to make the whole white people of the
South, men, women and children, hate and loathe our
Government, to bate it with a perfect hatred, to gather
around the family altar upon their bended knees to
curse It. and in the agony of prayer to call upon God to
curse It, as this radical reconstruction which seeks to
disfranchise the heart and brain of the South, and to
subject at the point of the bayonet tbe wblte race to
the dominion of their late half clivilized African
slaves ?"
If there is a crime about to be perpetrated which
would call for such a world of curses, if would
stand to reason that the fact would be easy of
detection : it would stand out boldly everywhere.
He admits that in the beginning of the rebellion
a majority of ibe white people of the South were
opposed to secession.
Now, I claim that this majority were forced in
to submission, and be admits the fact. The men
of "heart and brains" crowded upon them the fatal
consequences of the "State rignts" doctrine.
These nion led them through sea of blood, caused
women to give up h unban Js, fathers, ions, and
brothers, to the bloody Moloch of war, ch Idren to
becomo orphans, an I the whole framework of so
ciety to be rent and torn asunder.
Why, then, should the whole white people of
the South join in this terrible cursing against the
country that seeks to rcstoro the olden flag that
they were compelled to betray because of rebel
powar and rule ? Why should not the poor white
men, always at the me.-cy vt the slave poor and
always professing a desire to see Government io
tho hands of the people, be ready to see a dem
ocracy established in which his superior intelli
gence to ihe mass of the voters would in due time
place him where tbe imperiou lordling lately
stood and waved his badge of power? Why
should he not rejoice that there was virtue enough
to hold tbe ship of state steadily on the track of
safety, while he, in pirati al madness, sought a
traitor's distinction and traitor's doom ?
Mr. President, Thomas Jefferson, tha great apos
tle of freedom and prophet of the political future,
wa ned this nation of the day in which an humble
prayer of the lowly would be answered
"When tbe measure of their tears should be full,
wben their groans should have involved heaven itef
In darkness, doubtless a God of justice would awaken
to their distress."
But no such nision of bloody rebels in prayer ever
burst upon him as that which has so startled the
Senator from Wisconsin.
When the theory cf tbe Senator on the subject
of ''negro supremacy forced upon the South" has
been biought to the tet-t of facu and figures it has
completely exploded. Will he orgnizo his cursing
prayer-meeting in Virginia, where 115,000 whites
and 101,0'JO colored voters were registered and
tho vote for convention was carried by a majority
of 45.455, showing that white men voting for coa
ven tion gave the majority, the col red began in a
minority of 12,000 ? Will he organiza it in North
Carolina, where 103,080 whites wire registered,
while tbe colored were 71,r57, and yet tbe con
vention was carried by a lnijority of over 60,000?
Will he organize it in Georgia, where 05,214 whites
were regit ttred. while the colored were 93,403
and jtt the convention was carried by over
maj .rity ?
Ii the negroes had been in the majority on the
register whiie they were in a minority in all the
rtbil States, and then carried every constitution
by registered votes, we might have been called
on to explain how this state of aTtirs came about.
But whea the constitutions were carried where
they were ia the minority, it became proof posi
tive that free white men allowed it willingly, for
the power was all in their own hands. But ex
Guv rnor Brown, of Georgia, has given the reasons
for this result in States where the negroes regis
tered a majority. He says :
"The people North have been told lately that the acts
of C'cusief establish negro supremacy and white sob
ordination in tbe South. The charge is false. It is
the pre verse cbctinacy of tbe white race refusing to
take control that gave the negroes power in the con
vention. There ia fifteen thousand white majority in
Georgia. W uh this majority and the boasted superior
ity of the race in intellect, education, experience and
wealth, it is a libel otr the wni'.e men ti say that ne
groes can rule intellect and capital and control num
bers everywhere."
Th9 Govsrnor further doclare3 that Gen. Pope
ADTEIXTlSl.G RATES.
One square (10 Unescr less) tat Insest'ion $t ca
Kach subsequent insertion, 1 oo
BusineCi.rua,ooeyear,nveUnesorieJs 5 oo
Bach addition! Hu 1 00
One Column, on year, ,30 oo
One Column, iu month. 60 03
One Column, three months, 80 oo
Half Column, oae year, t ) oo
Half Column, tlx mouths, sa co .
Half Column, three mouths, Si CO
Fourth Column, one year, to CO
Fourth Column, tlx months, 21 CO
Fourth Column, three months, 15 OO
Eighth Column, one year, 21 oo
Eighth Column, tlx mouths, 15 OO
Eighth Column, three mouths, 10 00
Announcing Candidates for cfllew 6 OO
Stray Xotlces (each hea) SCO
Local Notices Chargea as Ti ancient Advertisements.
no; 22.
adopted the districts aa left by tho Johnson con.
ventions, without alteration. Then, certainly,
these cursed prayer-meetings cannot become a
success where the whites were in the nnjority,anl
themselves voted frr conventions to form new con
stitutions, And, beyond all doubt, the Senator
cannot organize them in State whera the whites
stayed away from the polls, and "thus through spit
allowed the colored men t have a m.ijority ; and
this after the rebel press urged them to stay away,
and abused and defamed those who vo'ed. Sir, ha
may ask again "with all the earnestnes of wh'roh
the soul is capable," what is the magnitude of the
prime involved In disfranchising "tha h.irt and
brain of the South ? That brain worked out the
problem of secession ; that heart cursed the Union
hallowed by the labors of Washington ; that brain
made the demand, and that'heart sanctioned.' the
terrible e rime of perjury. No ! no I Such Demo
crat io rebel prayers oaa never be an'wersd while
God remembers the tears and Iblood, the sorrow
and death that followed the demoniac perfidy of
this "h eart and brai n."
In this debate it has been charged repeatedly
that the Republican party has not been, stall tims,
as they are to-day, in favor of nero suffrage, and
hence that the party has not been consistent. To
this charge th Senator from Indiana, Mr. Mor
ton has given the true and sufficient answer.
That negroe suffrage was not looked to as a reme
dy for the national malady nntil Congress came to
tbe conclusi on that we could not execute the zuar-
anteos of the Constitution without raising up a,
new class of loyal voters : 'hat "we did not prose
cute the war to destroy slavery, but destroyed slav
ery to prosecute the war.
But let it be remembered that the Administra
tion of Mr. Lincoln had no settle! policy in de
tail, anl coull have none. There were no prece
dents to follow. The Union wsj to be sarel, and
that was the object; but how? That was to de
pend on the course of the rebels. Tirao indicated
each succeeding sten. and wisdom annliel the rem-
edy.
Mr. President, it is charged that the Ilapub'ieaa
party demanded a new Union and a new Constitu
tion, which, as literally charged, is not true. But
had it not been for the anti-slavery wisdom of tho
framers of the Constitution the results of this war
would hav9 necessitated such radical changes ia
that instrument as to have justified that change ia
part. As it is, the word slave having never ap
peared in the instrument, and slavery having beea
abolishod.the Constitution in its spirit,h iviog,beea
expurgated, the life-blood of freedom now pervades
all its parts as though human bondage had never
existed. And as a Constitution tacitly acknowl
edging slavery is just as different from one inspir
ed by universal freedom as light from d.irknes3 or
vice from virtue to that extent we have a new
Constitution and a new Union. The men who all
life long held with Jefferson that in a contest for
universal freedom the Almighty had no attributo
by which to ally Himself with the oppress, r eas-.Iy
and naturally adapt themselves to the new and
blessed ordor of events.
Opposed to this old Constitution, with apariflI
spirit, would likely bo found all who fail t com
prehend the logic of events, all who have tnffi -ke 1
in the souls and bodies of men, and occasion illy
given the market an upward tendency by placing
on the block their own off-pnnz, an 1 alwh'aro
destitute of proper apireoiation of ChrUti.tn ciri
lizatiqtj. But that a iran of the frco North, who
has known effort and toil and boasted of sjlt reli
ance and of the spirit of pro gre s, should leal his
voice to swell the dismal chorus of thoso who wep
around Ihe tomb of slavery, cannot be accounted)
for on any principle governing sanity and Chris
tian morals. When they havn attempted to release
the States from rtponoib'.li ty and endeavored to
lose sight of the crime on account of tho many in
dividuals participating, they hava boon in 't tri
umphantly m;t by th-J dWi-in. of the United States
court in the ce of the Brilliants :
"Hence. In organiil ig thi rebellion they have acted,
as Siate, claiming to be sovereign overall peron
anl property wiThla thtlr ii-t-pective I mcs. a 1 1 .
serting their rights tn sbsol vo tht i- ci; iz 'iis i ruin their
alleziance to ihe Federal Government Several of
these'State have coiuinel to f irm a new o.irei'era
cy, claiming to be acknowledged by the worid a
soveroign State."
And thus the rebels have bad to stand dumh ia
the presence of that broken, rejected Confuta
tion, the protection of which they waul i claim,
while they deny its existence and spurn its author
ity. When they have attemptel to justify the Pres
ident in his plan of reconstructing States, anl
scouted the right of Congress to inrern,e, they
have hal to meet their owi; votes in l?i 1 sustain
ing a resolution which denied to insurrectionary
States
"The right to vote for President, e'ectors, or Vice)
President'of tbe United States, or of elect ng Senat.n
or Representatives in Congress until said irnarrrcti a
in said States is tuppresed or abandoned, iijj ai I La
habitants have returned to their obedience t the Gov
ernment of tbe Unued States, Dor un' il s-i' h return
to obedience shall be declared by ptoclaicatii.n of the
President, issued by virtue of an act of Congress here
after t'j be passed, authorizing tha sama .
T'ms have they actod upon th9 a -si motion that
Congress possessed the power, anl t.U President
could not declare their return to o'o;dU?TM until
Congress granted the powur by .law. When ta j
have made the specific charge that State cannot
secede, and hence their original governments
weathered the storm and survived the ennhqua.o
shock of battle, the admonitory W)rli of P' si lent
Johnson's proolamat on appointing a provisional
governor for North Carolina has smote upon their
ears :
"And wher?a the rebellion which has beea wsgnl
by a portion or the people of the United at itei a'iav
tne properly constituted authorities of the Govern
ment thereof, in the most violeut and revo tin form,
but whose organized and revolting f.irce-t hive now
been almost entirely overcome, bsi in it revolu'iou
ary progress deprive! the people of the State of "jrli
Carolina of a l civil government."
Not suspend tbe relation of States with the Gen
eral Government, but "depriving tlie people cf
North Carolina of ail civil g ver;jtnnnt."
When these gentlemen have attt uit?-J to dis
tinguish between individual traitors anl pj'li5 en
emies, between the suppression of a rebellion anl
waging war with a belligerent Power, tliey have
been routed from their fortification of straw by tho
following language of the buprema Court :
"When the party Ir. rebellion ocenpy and hold in a
hostile manner a certain porn ri of torrlt. ry ; Lave de
clared their independence ; have ca.t o.T their alli
ance; have organized armies; have commented tus
tiiities against their former vere.gn, tue world ao
knowledges them as belcgerenu
I call attention to this :
"The world acknowledges them as beilirrents and tha
contest a war." 2 Black, pages 666-637.
Again, the court says:
"All persona residing within this territory whose
property may be used to increase ihe revenues rf the
hostile power are, ia this contest, liable t te treated
as enemies, thouxh not foreigner. Thy have ct ..rf
their allegiance anl made war on their Government,
and are none tbe Ies enemies because they are trait
ors." Ibid., page 67.
When our mode of reconstruction las been de
nounced as revolutionary becau.-e it goes beyonl
mere alteration and amendment it b.t only been
necessary to invoke tbe precedent ef tbe President'
proclamV.i on to refute tbe fallacious a-sutLption :
"Jfow, the refcre. In fcrdier.re to tb high and sol
emn doiie- Impoted npn me ty the Constitution of
tbeUDited State, arid tor the purpo -e of enaUuag the
loyal people cf said State to orjaLize a State govern
ment," fcc.
Not to m end trexclarge, bet remedy trat want
cf "all ci vil goverLment," ly oratiziog a Stato
government.
When an effort has been mide to parry the forja
cf a judieixl decision ty den uneinr. it as a "dic
tum' cf one judge, the fact that a berch of niaa
concurred in the cpi.ien has not hud the infljenco
of pcducicg a recantation.
WLen the Cpcotiti. n have trie"! to shield rebel
St a te trg8tizatn cs ly investir g t'ucm with an in
de finable sacctity on uccoutt tt the fact tha; th
Pre?ident of the United Sta ti oidtrvd th. m ioto
existcne e, tbe very pleasant illusion t be u Im
pelled by tbe 'echiEdtion f Chit f Justice Tax.ey ia
the celebrated Rhode Island case :
"TTBCicet.tiorabIy a military goverarr.ent es'aV.isbed
as tbe permanent gterome ct of tie b ate would not
be a republican government, and it Would be the duty
of Congress to overthrow it."
Whea the charge of unnecessary di-'mchi.-e-menthas
been mada agsin.-t tha p lif-y ' f Cn -
it has boon answered by rtfe"n:e to th- la t lhi
the President's plan of organiz:i ju originally
franchised fourteen classes cf persons, p.rba;.s lu
, eluding frcm two hundred ana fty tg thxsa tan-
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