1 i
n
Ji
t
,
, cBtrcB. ""
ciirncii, coLiiArp & ca.,
rjm'e'rion'i'uiock. 2i floor. Hall Entrance,
-- row3ivlllo U-J"o1u.
. . t e. man.
i : 3 ;
i i
, '
3
3? cm n ra i
LIBERTY AND UNION,. ONE AND INSEPARABLES NO YT AND FORE V E P.."
- : if;.
( f - i
'A- Book 'Work, and r lain and Fancy Jt Wcrk don.
tbfcet slj!. and on abort notice.
'7
3 .
VOL. XII.
BKOWIWILLE, - KEBEASKA, : THURSDAY, FEBEUAET 6, 18(38.
-n
i) i n is c r o n y .
cOTCOBESSIONAIi DELEGATION".
r W Tiptow, C. Senator, fcrownvillf,
JM.THATER, " " Omaha.
Jokx Taffk Representative, Dakota City.
STATE DIRECTORY.
David Hrn.tR, Goveruor. Pwne CHy.
thos F. Kesxard, Sevretary, Omaha. .
Jon GiLLiaPiE. Auditor, Omaha.
ArGCSTri Kockti Trecrer.
8, S. Kjsox, Librarian, Omaha.
JUDICIARY".
O F Vasok. Jciipeof lut Judicial District ,
Vk.'b. UoorCX, District Clerk for Nemana Co.
LEGISLATURE.
v. T J. Majors, Scnau.r. Fern, Nemsca Co.
PROW. lWryrC3Iivfcit o ilimc
do
do
do
do
Lot-H WALDTIR,
IHAS. BAVWOOD,
VM. PAILT,
dJ
Vremmile,
do
do
Grant,
Pern,
TTVITED STATES DIRECTORY".
Kru atkiksok, Register, i U. S. Jaod Offlce,
. JonxL Carson, Eeceirer, BrownTlile.
F TrTTLE, U S. a. Assessor, Brown?llle.
a D Marsh, Post Mater. Brownnil.
B M. Rich RecUter in Bankruptcy.
COUNTY DIRECTORY.
Jam t M. Uacker, Clerk ai dR 'suiter of Deeds,
t V. Brattok, Treasure-.
A r. mohoas. rroite J Cse.
' tiATIPSOH PLASTERS, Sheila. ,
vr.r. bright, SurTeyor. .
F G Holmes. )
' lHiLUP STarRi County Commisrloners.
! . L- H'OEE. J
EtRHARD Otteki, Coroner.
! CITY DIRECTORY.
jtirit S. Cktrch. Mayor.
VM.U. McCrekRT, Clark.
U- Boyd, Marshall.
jokas Uacrer, Collector.
tm. H. Uooter. Treasnrer.
T. B. FISHER. Engineer.
j. K. RETfOLDS, Attorney.
C.F.Stewart,
T. C. Hacker, I .
C. wheeler, Vlldenaen,
X M0R0A8, J
a, F. Cogswell. J
CXiu relics.
Tirtt Bsrtist. Services on Second Sunday and
JSanr(layot each month at 2 o'clock P . M
l tee Memt chMca In BrownTille. Rer. 11. P.
: WILLIAMS. Pastor.
Wpthodist Episcopal Sernces every Sunday.
,t 10 1-2 A M , and 6 1-5 F. M. Prayer Keetlnit erery
rhnrsdsr eTCdn i Snoday School every Sabfata at
l-t A M Eer. W. S. BLACtBUSX, Pastor.
Tccr,al-Services In McPherson's Hall every
; -tbw SanOay at I0I-S A.M., and every Sunday at
' il-8P M. Sanday Sch-ml at 2 1-4P. M every San
iv Rt. Rev. G. R. DAVIS, Missionary.
' Pirnt Presbyterian Services every Sunday at
TO l S A M. and - P. M. ? SDdy School at 2 1-4
P It 5 Prarer nieetmu every Wednesday at 7 P. M.
ev.JOUX T. BAIRD. Pastor.
Arrival and Departure of UlaHs.
Eastern M Ail arrives di iy, except Sunday, at 1 , p. m.
. daparta " I 1-2 "
i X&IT"' " " aul-5"
7estern Mail arrives every Wednesday at 4, p. m.
departs every Monday at 3, a.m.
Grant Mail arrives every Tuesday at 6, p. m.
4. departs eveiy Wednesday at 8, avm.
1 EockDort Mail arrives every Saturday at 3. it. m.
y " deparu . " " 1 1-2, p. m.
Persons will oblige by Retting their mall in tully
bslf an hour before the departure of mails.
Office open SutOaya from 8 to 9, a. m., and from 4 to
A.D. MARSE, T. M.
LODGE DIRECTORY.
2TEMABA Vaj.i.et Iopoe K. 4, A T tc A U ?neet
fecularly in the Mi.ouic Ball on the lstanj 3J Sdtur
? 4?yi of each month. T W. EEDFXJRD, W. M.
J. H. KoRRisoM. Secretary.
Urowkville lodge. I O of 0 F. meets retnlarly
eTerr Tu:aay evening in the Mawiic Hall.
H. C. LETT, N. O.
. w Fairirother, Sec.
j Iiro-wkvjlle Lodge, I O nf G T, meets rezularly
tvery Friday evtniDK In the Masonic Tlall.
. JARVI3 S. CHURCH, W. C. T.
W. D. Blacks crn, W. S.
G A E Post Ko. 1 , Nemaha County, meets every
, alternate Thursday, in Lruwnville, over Dorsay t
Bro's Ciothlng Store, at 7, p. M.
Capt. O. B. nEWETT, P. C.
t W D.ELACEBCR5, P. A.
! 'BARK ON i I Mia every Wednes lay evenins; in
tie hall et of Teiesrapb Office. McP.erFone cioca.
LOUIS WALDTKR, Pres.
Chsis HArBOLDT, Sec.
Beowkviile Uterart Ajsocjatios Meets
very Thurbday evening at 7. P. M.
J. II. BROADT. Pres.
J. T, Patch, fee.
Westers L'kiox Telegraph Compart COce
A lltPtierson's Block. i. K- BEAR. Operator.
DRUGSTORE
HOLLADAY Si CO.,
Whoieiale and Retail Deaier In
DRUGS, MEDICINE, PAINT, OIL, &c,
P. O -BultJlng, Main St.,
HOWIZVIIiLE. NEBRASKA.
" WMH. McCREERY,
Wholesale and Retail Dealer In
Dregs, Books Wall-paper and Stationery,
Corner Main and 1st Sts.,
BROWNVILLE. NEBRASKA-
CONFECTIONARIERS.
WILLIAM HOSSELL,
CONFECTIONERY AND TOY STORE
Fresh BreadCakes, Ojitcr , Fruit , Ac, on hand,
Soutbeide Main between 1st and 2d streets,
BROWNVILLE, NEBRASKA.
J. P. DEUSER,
Dealer In
Confecticsarics, Toys, Notions, &e.,
Main bet. If t and 21 Sts.,
BROWNVILLE, NEBRASKA.
WM. ALLEN,
proprietor of the CITY BAKERY. Fanr Wed-
dinirCate firninhed on sburt notice. Dealer
aonfectlonarles. Fruits and test Family Flour
Uain Street let. lit end 2d,
EIwOW NVtLLE, NEBKASKA.
SADDLERY.
J. H. BAUER.
Manufacturer and Dealer In
HARNESS, BRIDLES COLLARS
Mending done to order tis.faction guarrantied.
Shop on Main bet. Itt and 2d eft..
BROWNVILLE, "E5RASKA.
JOHN W. MIDDLETON
Manufacturer and Dealer in
HARNESS, BRIDLES, COLLARS,
Whlpa A&a La;bes cf everr description, Flattering
- ,Ur. Cash raid for Iiidas.
.Corner Main and 2d Sts.,
Drowcrille, Netrastft.
W. D..MAHIN,
Manufacturer and Dealer in all kind cf
.Saddles, IlurucFs, Whips, Collars, &c.
Smith's Patent Trace CucLle,
Nixon's Patent Trace Cackles.
JV'ort Side 2!ain Street,
' BI0W5V1CLE, NEBRASKA.
MEAT MARKET.
KEISWETTER & EARSMAN,.
Butcbcr.,
CITY. MEAT MARKET,
Mais bet. lt and Sad Sts.,
JTJIOV7NVILLE, NEBBASEA :
HOTELS.
J. STEVEXSOX, D. O. CROSS
STEVENSON & CROSS Proprietors,
On Levee St., between Uain & Atlantic,
BROWNVILLE, NEBRASKA.
This Doue is-convenient to the Steam Doat
Ls-ndinj, a.ad the tusines f nrt cf Towa. The bst
vjcoramodations in the City. No pains will be
spared in making gaesU comfortable.
iSGood Stable and Corral convenient
to the House.j
PENNSYLVANIA HOUS
MICnAEEFIIJU.Proprietor.
Soathiide Main between lii and strocU,
BROWNVILLE, NEBRASKA.
Jlealsat &!J Llours, or for Regulnr Boarders,t
the usual rates. 12-Ii-ly
AMERICAN HOUSE.
Ji Good Feed and Livery Stalle in con
nection with the House.
Ij. D. ROJ3ISON, Propfietor.
Front street, between Main and Water,
BROWNVILI-E, NEBRASKA.
PHYSICIANS.
J. W. BLACKBURN, M.D. .
pENSIOS- -rJXA2IINIi;Q gTJRGEON.
Tenders his professional service tj the itiicna"of
Brownville and vicinify.
OFFICE AT CITY DRVQ STORE.
Night calls at his Ilesidence south side of Atlan
tic between 1st aDd 2nd streets. .
H. L. MATHEWS.
PHYSICIAN AND SUKGEON,.
( orricr
CITY DRUQ STOKE,
BROWNVILLS, NEBBTASKA.
A. S. HOLLADAY. M D.
(Graduated in 1S51 ; Located in. BrovntUle inlSSO )
Physician, Surgeon and Obstetrician,
Dr. IT. has bn hand complete sets of Amputat
ing, Trephining and Obstetrical instruments.
Ofllce: nollaflay& Co'a Drug Store, P. O.
BROWNVILLE, NEBRASKA.
P.S. Spec:alattention given to Obstetrics and
the diseases of women aDd children. x-44-Iy
C. F. STEWART, M. D.-
Physician and Surgeon,
OFFICE:
Soulh East corner of Uain and First Streets
BROWNVILLE, NEBRASKA.
Office Hocks 7 to 9 a. x. and 1 to 2 and 64 to
BKACKSMITHS.
J. II. EES ON,
Will do BLACKSMITII1NG cf all kinds.
Maket llortt Shoeing. Ironing of Wagon and Sltigh$
and Machine tvom a specialty.
hop on Main St., west of McPberson's Block,
UKOWXVILLE, NEBRASKA.
J. W. & J. C. GIBSON,
D L A C K S M I T H S
SHOP oa 1st between Main and 2d,
BROWNVILLE, NEBIIAHKA.
All Work done to order Satisfaction Guarrantied.
JOHN FLORA,
T5 L A C KS M I T H
Shop on Water Street South of American Ltouze
BROWNVILLE, NEBRASKA.
tSTCaftorn Work ol all kinds solcitci. 12-12
ATTORNEY S.
VIRGIL S. HALL,
Homey and Counsellor at Law.
OSLce over Dorsey h. Bro' Clothing Store, Maia St,
BROWNVILLE. NEBRASKA
T.W.Tipton O.B.IIetrett . .Church
TIPTON, HEWETT & CHURCH,
Attorneys at Law.
EROWNVILLE, NEBIiASKA.
K.W.THOMAS. J. n.BBOABV.
THOMAS & BROADY
Attorney at Law 5 Solicitcr In Chancery
Office over Dorsey'a Clothing atore,
BROWNVILLE, NEBRASKA.
W.M. McLENNAN,
Attorney At Law,
NEBRASKA CITT, NEBRASKA;
CHESTER F, NYE,
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
AND
WAR CLAIM AGENT,
PAWNER CITT, NEBRASKA.
MERCHANDISE.
GEORGE MARION,
Dealer In
Goods, Groceries JJgg' & Notions.
Foot cf Main Street near Levee,
BROWNVILLE, NEBRASKA.
Dry
1858.
Established
1S58.
WM. T. DEN,
Wholesale and Retail dealer In
GENERAL MEIICHHNDISE
Corn Planters, Plows, Stoves, Furniture.
COMMISSION AND FORWARDING MERCHANT
Ma;n street bet. Levee and 1st,
EROWNVILLE, NERIUSKA.'
inchest market price paid for Hides, Pells, Fur aid
rrodvce.ly xii. x. Diuix .
G. M. HENDERSON,
Dealer in Foreign and Dorafttlc
DRY GOODS AND GROCERIES
Main let. 1st and 2J Sts.,
BrownTille. Nebraska.
CHARLES JJftlEGEL
BEE a HALL, LUNCH ROOM
Asn licutghocert rroitz,
Msin bet Ut and Si Sts..
E20W XA.
J. L..McGPE & CO.,
Dtaltrsin
GENERAL MERCHANDISE,
lu'cFhercn's Biock, Mnin Ftrcet,
- CROWInTIU-S. KEERA.SKA.
J. II. CLAGGET t CO.,
BILLIARD HALL AND SALOON
aetnettof STUitney's Slock, Main bet. 1st fc id Sts.,
BROWNVILLE. NTERA5SA.
7i Zest Libert ifft CcntlszUf f Jlzni.'
NEWS DEPOTS.
A. D. MARSH,.
NEWS- DEPOT NO. I.
SCHOOL BOOKS, STATIONERY, fcc,
Post Offlce, Main St.,
BROWNVILLE, NEBRASKA.
CITY BOOK AND NEWS DEPOT.
T. 0. IT ACKER. J.S, CHCECH. J. L. COLHAPF
HACKER, CHURCH & CO.,
.. (succeasor to A. P. iTAE3!I & CO.,)
South side Main Street,
BROWNVILLE. NEBRASKA.
STWjnNTOE.
JOHN C. DEUSER,
Pealer in
STOVES, TIN WARE, PUIIPS, &c
Opposite McPherson's B'ock,
BROWNVILLE, NEBRASKA.
SHELLEBERGER BRO'S
Manufacturer and Dealer in
I 1ST "W" A. H
T
STOVES. HARDWARE, CARPEXTER'S TOOLS,
BLACKSMITH'S FURXISIIiyGS fie.
McPherson's Block Brcwnville, Neh.
BOOTS & SHOES.
CHARLES HELLMER,
BOOT AND SHOE MAKER,
Main Street, 2 doors below the wntbeast corner of 2nd,
BROWNVILLE N. T.
ITas on hand a superior stock of Boots and Shoes
and the best material and ability for doing
ZST'Cutom Wori done with meatnet and dipalc
TERMS CASH!
A. ROBINSON,
BOOT AND SHOE MAKER,
Main Between 1st & 2d Street
1 BROWNVILLE, NEBRASKA.
Takes this method of informing the pablio that
be has on hand a splendid assortnent cf Gent's and
Ladio's Misses' and ChUdrens's
BOOTS AND SHOES.
J"Custon work done with neatness and dispatch
Repairing done on short notioe. 10-30 fnnn
ELEOUS
e.Il burches,
LANDSCAPE GARDNER
BROWNTILLK, NEBRASKA.
Will attend to Pruning and Planting Tinyard?
and Orchards in any part of the Country, at read
onable rates. All orders promptly attended to.
October 25th 1S67 i-y
wonvniHa a. "nrirjooat, .
STORAGE, FORWARDING
AND
COMMISSION MERCHANTS-
And dealer in all kind of Grain for which they pay
the Highest Market Price in Cash.
BROWNVILLE, NEBRASKA.
GEO. W. DORSET. LUTHER HOACLET. CDAS.O.POBwIt
DORSEY. HOADLEY & CO.
REAL ESTATE AGENTS,
AND DEALERS LV LAND WARRANTS AND
AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE SCRIP.
Office in Land Offlce Building,
BROWNVlLLS. NxSftASXA. f
Buy and sell improved and unimproved Lands.
Buy Sell, and locate Land Warrants, and agri
cultural college Scrip.
Make eareful ' wvections or government Lands
for location, llcmes tea ds, and pre-emptions.
Attend to contested L'f Ksledttr-E?pUoa
cacs,ln the Land effita.
Letters of inquiry, promptly and cneenully an
swered.
EST Correspondence Solicited Jg325it
FRANZ HELMER,
WAGON MAKER
OPPOSITE DEUSER'S TIN-SHOP,
BROWNTILLE, NEBRASKa.
WAGONS, BUGGIES, PLOWS. CTJLTI
VITO R3, &c , Repaired on short notice, at low rates
and warranted to give satisfaction. x-13-fa.an
JONAS HACKER,
Tax Collector for the City of Brownville,
Will attend to the payment of Taxes for non-retident
- landowner internal counrg. cors
pendent e Stliciied. - -
Offlce on Main bet. 1st and M,
BROWNVILLE. NEBRASKA-
SMITH P. TUTTLE,
tr. S. Astittant Asesi r and Claim Agent. Will at
tend to the Prosecution of Claim before the Depart
ment for Ad Bounty Back Pay and Pennon Alto,
to the Collection of Semi-Aunual cue on Pentiont,
02Sce over Car sons Bank Main street,
EROWNVILLE, NEBRASKA.
A. STAFFORD,
PHOTOGRAPHIC ARTIST
Perton wishing Picture executed in the latest style
cf the Art will please call at my Art Gallery.
Main stieet bet. lt and 2d street.
BROWNVILLE, NEBRASKA.
MRS. J. M. GRAHAM.
TEACHER OF MUSIC.
LrSSONS CIVEX OK THE PIANO, ORG AX,
MELODEON. CDITAR AND VOCALItATION.
TTavinrt had einht veart erperienee a Teacher of
Music in New i'ori it confident ofgtting tatut action
Rooms Main, bet. 4th& 5;h sts.
lo-ly BROWNVILLE, NEBRASKA. -
J W SMITH
BARBER AND HAIR DRESSER
Main St., 5th door uom S W eor 2nd St.
BROWNVILLE. NEBRASKA-
GATES & BOUSFIELD,
BRICKLAYERS & PLASTERES
' UrownTllIe, nTcbrasIia,
Wfl take contract? for Bricklaying, natenn,
hnildinir Cisterns, and do anTthi.iz in tbeir line
in the most satisfactory and workmanlike manner,
Aug.S0,lSS8. x-47-ly .
J. V. D. PATCH,
MANVTACTCaER AND DEALER IV
CLOCKS, WATCHES,
AKD
Silver aurf Siivcr-l'Iatcd uare,
A'so constantly on hand, all varieties of
SPEC T A CLE S.
EEPAIKIKO dnre in the rttr6t style, and at
HHORT NOXICB,
C3AKGS3 KODi:SAT3. " WCRK WAF.BAKT23.
CITY DRUG STORE
Nebraska Slimcrtts
BROWNVILLE, NE3., FI"Tli:AST6, 1SG3.
FARLIER'S DEI'.
kit Aiil A
Agrlcnltsral Lcciety.
Pursuant to call, a raeeticj cf (he
Nemaha Coarsty Agr:.:uiiaral Societyl
was held ia our ofDca c
at
. 1 .
,Feb-
ruary 1st, to arrange
Premium List for the I
the aproimraent cf Cu
an ! perfect a
.? cf c.3, end
account cf the slim atte
the
ing was adjourned to 2
Saturday, March 7th,
This is certainly a. r
importance to call cat
upon a correct List, ad:
dition and wants cf c in
judicious appointment c
pends materially the
the
A u w
Let every farmer take
see that a large attend:
mself to
jsent cr.
asica to
the 7th, and he will ha-
r.o cc
find fault with what is d.o whea it is too
late to remedy it. .
Let every farmer turn cut and give his
assistance to the framir:; of a Premium
List and the appointmeit cf Committees,
and thus make the Fair cf 1S03 ths best
ever held in the State.
Written for the Advertiser.
. FENCES. KOa 3. '
In the last weeks papr we nnictentionally
omitted stating the distance we woe! I adrocate
between plant and plant. They should cot be leas
than twelve inches apart; at i we believe a bet
ter bedge could be made when the plants are double
that distance, than can be male. by planting four,
five, or six inches, as is often recommended. The
permanency beiug considered, the sag plant be
ing a tree an d not a shrub, that we nse for making
hedges, requiring space for its roots to ramify in
the ground in order to obtain the necessary food
for its substance. Now, it ia evident that if we
crowd two or three plants in to the space of ground
which con tains scarcely food enough to support the
one, we must naturally conclude that the vitality
of the so planted trees must eventually be some
what impaired, and consequently ita peraanancy
be materially injured. We cannot see that there
is anything gained by close planting; but on the
contrary, all to loose. Hence it is we advocate
planting further apart than wad, usually done when
hedging was in its infancy.
Whilst cultivating the first fcason, it would be
advisable to strip off or stop" the side shoots as
early stage of their growth, it will not need doing
but the once, a. the natural tendency of the aap is
upward and there being no latter branches to ob
struct its course, thereby leaving the whole for the
better developement of the main shoot, which
forms the basis of the future hedge, the forming
of which is the all important work which alone
renders our endeavors successful. As yet we have
multitudes of opinions resulting from the unsettled
state of the general knowledge on this particular
subject; and in all these opinions there is but one
common object sought for, and this is the entire
controje of the growth of the plant, and proper
density at the bottom of the hedge ,and a uniform
distribution of wood throughout. If the proper
means for the attainment of this object wcrs prop
erly understood, and that knowledge carried out in
practice, the hedges would present a beautiful ap
pearancewould be an effectual barrier to both
man and beast, and would fully answer the par
pose they were intended for.
Now, the means to accomplish this must be by
judicious pruning. The time to do this must be
governed by the condition cf the growth of the
plants. For instance, if they have made good,
strong and uniform growth, from the first year
that is the following spring after they were planted.
If they have cade an indifferent growth, delay the
pruning one season, by which time they will have
gained strength and vigor. Then take a knife or
hook, and cut the first plants witbia, say three
inches of the ground, the next say six inches, and
so with every alternate plant. The object being
an even destribution of shoots to form the basis cf
the hedge.
The basis of the hedge having tteea formed, and
whilst cultivating during summer it should be con
stantly watched so as to check the upward tenden
cy of all or any centre shoots that may have as
sumed too strong a growth at the expense of their
diverging in an horizontal direction. If one or two
of these are suffered to grow on the same parent
stem, they make a supurfiuous growth, wh.Je their
neighbors of a smaller sise below them, will die
out from want of nourishment. This should be
attended to as soon as thcyarsume that tendency,
and before the eil has shown its elect, and not
wait until spring, or until the plants around de
maud, bo waiaa w cut or prone au resetter, n n
is done at the proper time, it will take but a lit t!
time, as the wood is soft, and it oaa be stopped by
pinching the end iff. And as soon as the winter
ii over, cr when the frost is out of the wood, cut
it bark within twelve inches or so of where it wi3
cut the previous year. This can best be done with
along bladed hedge-hook, cutting one side at a
time, and the same operation proceeded with every
successive season until the bedge is five feet high,
which shonld be the ultimatum. This process will
Leave the hedge a dense mass, impenetrable to any
animal that might destroy crops or trees. "
When we have arived at this, the time for pro
sing may be changed, and instead cf prunisg
whilst it is in a dormant state, d j it when it has
made its first growth, ray middle of Jans, and after
it has made its second growth ia the fall. The
reason for this is that pruning a tree wLlkt ia a
dormant state, call into action several latent or
dormant bods, lying below where the cut has been
Iiade, causing an equal destribution of the tap for
the time being, and envigoratiag tho whole.
So mm ir pruning, on the contrary, partiil'y de
nn dir. g the tree of iU young shoots, ar.d neeeesa
rially part of its foliage, which are the respiratory
organs, thereby intertereing with its growth bj
extension, limiting ita vital power, hardening the
wood, contracting toe sap Teasels, and tranrfor.Licg
its habit into that cf a shrub. .11. D.
T T -
Written for the Advertiser.
Fencing.
Cjrant, Nemaa Co., Nes. )
January, 1SC3.
Mr. Editor. Haring been a reader cf
your, piper, and baring noticed caita a
:ler
cf ccn
;3 varioui
thit interest the racr!
Cf
t r -r-
cur
ht I
vounsr ani thrivic? btate, I tact
wou!.1-, by ycur permissicn, rivo the sub
ject cf fenxirj cur vai;t and fertile Pra
iries a short notice, as we are, asfarmerr,
very deeply interested ia 'that tubWt
just at this time. In tha first phce, I
wish to chow what it ccsts to fence ojr
farms, sav at from ta 13 t72!UV fiV2
mile 3
from the Blissoi
ri nv:
Willi
ii rr
and bcirds. and then, to shc-tv fcr whr.t
live fence cnba cr , . ' "1 0 Or-
r i
1
th?.
t 10 X:
with
tear:. 3 we
z a
vai every
six i'ect, wh
f5 f;r.:2 ICO acres, will
' v;i!l c:st, dellv?re i
..;:3 t::3 fecca is to he
IT:
i;
:rcu:
.t L-jcts a pes
Ttd boards
rc'i
? for
riij fcr;co will amount to
fe t which at 3cls rer foot, deliv-
i tii LlUliU, V. lit UU3i O I SiliU
.i i :n . c-cn ,J
nails f:r saii fenca will cpst 30. and
lafJir.j et iOctspr red would Is $12S,
making a g-oc:i five board fence around 160
acres, cost th3 farir.er SI, COO and if any
of our farmers do not like these figures I
hopa they will show us where they can
be bettered. for the Hedge Fence:
Well, the first thing to be done in raising
a hedge fenca i3 to prepare the ground
cr break the hedge lines two rods wide
tho year before you wish your hedge
started, and tworods wide around IGOacres
will be 8 acres, at S4 per acre would be
S32. When the breaking is dona you
can git your hedge grown for you for
75cis per rod until it 13 a good and lawiui
fence, which requires from 3 to 5 years,
and will cost you when completed around
ycur ICO acres 512. By these figures
:n . u .1, : CCQ cavoA L
you m sec iuuw mcic ia vj - j
fencing with a live fence, besides, when
your live fence is made you have an ever
lasting cne. With the board and post you
have to repeat the dc39 at last every seven
years. . . -
Now, farmers, the next questions is,
what are we to do, or what plan can we
adopt, to rjrow our hedges wiibout first
going to the expence of building fences,
as it will net da to plant them and nave
then trampled down while growing by
slock running at large. I am afraid I am
Getting to a tender point, butl have a propo
sitioa to make, and if you will here me
through. 1 think you will. see the point
It is th-3, 1 propose that we pass a gene
ral Herd Law, end .take. the 6?7S,.faved
by crowing live tencss and eitiier inane
pastures for cur stock or have herders to
take care of it for the next four or five
years. Let several neighbors join togeth
er, or enough to require one man to take
care of their stock, and five per cent of
your saving fund will pay a man to take
care cf your stock for the next five years.
at which time, or before, you will see
these prairies as far as they are now
settled beautifully fenced, and you will
have in your pockets at least five per cent
advance on the original sum, and your
farms will be worth fifty per cent more
than if you adopted the board fence sys
tem. In this way our new State can be
settled up close and compact, and it is
the only way I can as yet see to ever
make this country what the Giver of all
good gifts designed it to be a grand
centre for agriculture. If any of cur far
merscan jive a better plan we would be glad
to hear from them. We want you, farmers
in general, to give the subject a fair and
candid consideration and don't take our
word for it, but make the calculatiod for
yourselves. We will now take say Ne
raahajo,, and see what would be saved
to the farmers by adopting the general
herd law and hedge system as above pro
posed. Nemaha county has. accordingto theplat
of the Nemaha land district, 2,534,400
acres of land within its limits which will
all be fenoed by some means in a few
years; well, for convenience, we will say
that there is 1,584 quarter sections in the
county and to fence the same by quarter
sections with post and boards would cost
the settlers the nice little sum of 2.201,
760, while the tame, fenced with Hedge,
would cost SSU.008, savin?, by cur
plan, the nice little rum cf SI, 300,752;
and in Nemaha, Johnson, Richardson Rid
Pawnee counties we would save S 5 879.
0S3.
New fanners, what we want is for you
to takh this subject of fencing cur beau
tiful &Qd fertile lands into serious conaid
deration; look at itfrorn any and all stand
points, make your calculation, count the
cost, and we think you will come to the
same conclusions as many of us have
done that the only way to maks this coon
try what ihe great giver of all good gifts
designed it to be, is to adopt a general
system cf herd laws and hedge grswn.
In order to do this we must send repre
sentatives to ourn next Legislature that
will give us a general system of lat-vs that
will enable us to grow our hedges .with
out first building- a fence. Thi3 is the
only way we can as yet see to redeem
this country from what some cf our east
ern neigbor3 plsase to term & bowling
wilderness and beyond civilization.
LAFAYETTE.
mpm r
Written for the Advertiser.
Farmers' CIuI) Ec?oil3 ao,
Clifton. Nemaha. Co.,
January 23. 1S33.
Editors Advertiser : In my la$t I re
viewed what hsd been done in December,
and mentioned the appointment of a com
mittee to present cur claims for a joint
school district to ih Coun'y Puppnn'en
dent, which was done ca Mcnday last.
A correct man cf the settlement was
drswa, tiiih ths hcu3 cf er;ch tWll
rr.
settler m irked, which made it a plain
case, ar, it was granted, as it should be,
by cur eCcisnt county officer, II. M.
Hacker. Ey ihij arrangement tsvenly
three schchrs czn get to school with an
avers ge walk cf ens mb, instnl cf
t-D and a half, a3 is the cas3 too often in
this cDunty.. This district is cczr.psi cf
fivi" and cne-hilf sections tf.hiJ, cr
two and cr-half by two and cr.c-q"ir'.:r
nile3 square, occupied by a:-jut a dczn
terViii;?, r.'y from Reck county, Wi3..
il is Cii,."!r the Wifccr.sh Settle
rr.nt." It is situated -en th" tr.vn lin?
1 2 1 ween townships 5 and C, rinjs 13
ea?t.
Tj Chb net this weel: r.t ths house
cf Lantoa AHrich, who Li 3 l well-filled
library cf agricultural wrks,
which
makes it a favorite placa to meet. The
subject discussed was tha apple tree.
There was a good attendance, and nearly
every cne had a good hint t3 cr. We
arrived et the following conclusions. in
regard t3 supplying ourselves with tre?3 :
First, net to purchase root-grafted trees;
second, to purchase none others after we
are prepared to raise our own ; third, to
plant co trees over two years old. We
do not propose to buy root grafted trees,
on account of their early decay a fact
that every honest nurseryman will admit.
Warder, Phenix, and others, claim that
there are three distinct divisions to a
perfect tree viz., top, root, and collar,
(or union between root and top,) and that
a root graft, which is generally ir.aJe by
cutting a seedling root into thre3 or four
pieces, consequently costing, compara
tively nothing, and only cne of which is
a perfect tree, will not attain an
age of over ten years, , which will help to
account for the failure of fruit raising in
the West. Besides,' the root3 of root
grafted. trees are apt to die ; and the nur
eerymen are shrewd enough to plant suf
ficiently deep, so that the scion, or graft,
may take root and make a tree, as any
cutting will from the apple tree, but
never lives only long enough to help
make men discouraged uud condemn the
business. "Collar grafted," or those
grafted on the top but near the ground,
should always be preferred. The price
is but little higher. Budding is better
than all else, for the reason that tree
tops belong to tree tops just as much as a
man's head belongs 'on his shoulders.
Besides, we can facilitate early bearing
bv using buds from fruit-bearinr trees.
"We UesiQto raise "our " own seedling
stock, on which to graft or bud, and
choose such stocks as mature wood early,
and to plant trees in orchards young,
while the roots can be all saved and the
tree yet be so low as not to be tossed
about, struggling with the winds for ex
istence. They can be produced in this
manner at less than five cents each, and
we shall then know what we plant.
R. A. HAWLY,
Secretary.
For the Advertiser.
Ilcdc Cultnre.
Editors Advertiser: Having seen in
your paper cf the 16th ult., that you in
vite discussion on hedge raising, and
though I ara a very poor writer, yet, see
ing that seme one has written on the
subject, and perceiving from what he says
that he never raised a hedge, and as I
have had experience in raising plant3
and growing hedge for the last fourteen
years, I feel it my duly to say something
on the subject, believing that i .under
stand hedge growing as well as any one.
Your correspondent urges the neces
sity of raising hedge, owing to the scar
city of timber, and names several kinds,
Now, sir, there is no use cf discussing
this point, us every oue who has had
experience with the Osage knows that it
is the cheapest and best fence that can
be made. If I had plenty of timber cn
my farm for fencing, I should even then
prefer hedging.
Your correspondent thinks an outlay of
seventy-five cents per rod will make a
lawful fence, though he seems to doubt
whether a good hedge can be made for
less than one dollar per rod. In this he
is mistaken A good and pretty hedge
can be made, cn raw prairie, for fifty
cents per rod, and all the labor hired at
high rates. This I know from experi
ence. However, if you contract wiih
every cne to raise you a hedge, you will
be charged enough, ynu may be assured.
And take ray word for it, many farmers
who have contracted their hedge raised,
will be very much dissatisfied ia the end.
From what I have seen they are gener
ally inexperienced in the business, and
if they should even succeed in miking a
Uri-ful fence, it would then be worth
nearly a much to put it into such ibaj'e;
as most good farmers would want it, as
it would to make a new fence.
My advice ta every farmer 13 to make
h's own hedge. If he nsver saw a hedge
p'ant before, with the instruction he can
get from those who hava experience, he
will get a better and cheaper hedge than
he can by contract. At the time when
I raised my first hedge I knew nothing
about it ia the start, yet I made cne cf
the nea'est hedges hit I hive ever seen.
I got instructions from an c!d hedgs
grower cf Illinois. It cost me nothing ;
r.either fh.ll what I know cost anything
to any cne who wants it.
I should like to ?av mors cn hdirr,
ts I feel an interest ia the matter, but
owirg to my bad manner cf writ'n? I
will say no more at pr?cn Should
you think this worthy cf ;r ncti:,
you can correct and insert it. Yea may
hear ccra frcna co sain. -
, G.J.BRYANT.
Statute Ltr: ?
reduced to r.ri.' ;, ;
hw by tha legii!-::::
it ii th2 written
properly express:.!.
i3 ueed ia contradl:',
law.
-4 -
3
T.:s r::r:r.:3
muc.i to
-1
;hn tvh:.:
r 4
erty and ; rr?, r :
dutki cf pers.ni z.
the prctecticu cf ciril
the duius cf pers...j
rarieu3 departments :
;e::3 h iL 3
- . .
- '
: t
''-- - r ' 7
.vhib tho ce.r.mea 1 .
'ef.ne3 tl.3 rights cf .
leaving much Ij I y
statute ho r, :h:z: r.
tained and enferc: i, ::. .
cf civil govern- - r.t !
- -
'Mi rr.::.;.
rr.:
:-::7
Common law 13 t:
: thrchiuM!.
it 13 r: :::
United State?, wh:r
while each State I
r.3 c
laws, peculiar to it::'.
A Ci3i:n:t;en mu::
a.-Tj u c
r.:l c :r d-.i :3 c.l
n. Vf'o hir? c:r
between what are t:r
what termed cur ri-h
tain dutie 3 which 1
to tha government .3 r:t:2i3. fcr wh;:h
we are duly ccrnp:.i;ed cy U3 pret:;
tion of cur lights y that g'JTtrn.;;:nt. A.
duty is something ..l.::h W2 ovro ar;ht .
i3 something which' belcng3 to 1:3; it ii
curs legally, and if needle w3c-.rsr::;rt
to the law cf ths bnl to maintain it.
The enactments cf a legiilatnra zti
called statutes. The leg:?'.xtu:3 is a
body cf men in a Stata which hi3 ths
power cf making law3. In Ecms States
it is called tho General As::mh!y, ia
others the Legisla'ire. That legiilithcj
body ia which i3 vested ih.2 perrtr cf
making the laws cf tha Ucited S'at;3 h
called the Congress.
Although the power cf making la?. 3 h
vested ia the legislature, yet tha legis
lature 13 not supreme. Tha sup re. r.3
power is ve?ted ia a constitution.' This
is the great let'ity or.d efficacy cf Amer
ican governments. The constitution cf
the United Stat 5 is the supreme Uw c
ihe land, and .." !?gislati?a enactmer.j,
both of the Sute3 and cf the United
States, must conform to it. In Enghni
the legislative V:iy cf her Parlimeni
is supreme, there being no written ccnr.i
tutloa ia thai c :-c.ry. This is net tha
case ia the United States. Here tha
legislature of each and every State rnuit
ia all their deliberation? conform, first to
the constitution cf the United States, and
then to the constitution of it3 particular
State. If any statute passed by any
State legislature i3 aa infricgraent ca
either, it 13 void. The power to deter
mine whether or cot aa act of the legis
lature is unconstitutional, rests entirely
with the courts, any declaration fcf tha'
legislature to the contrary notwith3tand- '
ing-. To controvert this would be to ad
mit the supremacy of the legislature.-
It would be makicg the power cf tha
agent greater than that cf tho p rinoipaL
The officers cf the government ara
merely agents cf the- people ; to do car-'
tain thing3 which are defined and limited :
by the constitution, and to it they must
conform. The legislature is continually
acting upon all tha great interests cf
society, and continually introducing soma
thing new in the great machinery cf
human government. They are liatla to
be swayed by popularprejudice and J art '
passion. It i3 therefore necessary that
there should be a limit to their power,
which 13 the constitution. Thi right an 1
power of the court3, which Ts too firmly
established to be disturbed. 13 a gteit '
triumph in favor of constitutional liberty.
A statute take3 efiect from it3 pisoaga
when no time is established by tha pro
visions of the statute it?elf ; th:3 13 cow
the rule both in Englang and the Unite!
Stales. This rule in many instances ap
pears to be unjust ; fcr it 13 impocjihia
ia most cases for the peep!
and particularly of the Ui
have a knowledge cf tha exiutsnoa cf &
law until scmetima after its passage, for
the reason it 13 generally provided that
the statute thall take eilect ai sen: a fu
ture Jdate. It is necessary that tizrj
statute should take effiect at s:m lif:
certain, whether it hii reached tha
knowledge cf the people cr not. If ths
time cf takin? eject wis to ba deoiiei
by their kncIedjs cf in exhtanoe, it
disposed to evada the law, to 7r plezi
ignorance, which 13 ia direct cppojttic
to the reason cf law.
Ia the construction cf taf3t:s it is &
general rcla that jts rtem'nj is to ba
derived from a vi2w c: tha r,h:Ia stat
ute. They are to be underotrnd aroordi
inj to tb.3 meet natural ttnd ch7:ou3
meaning cf the lan-ui-c. If tha w-rdj
! cf the statute are cf common ucn, the?
are to la taken in their p!a!a, natural
sense. If the words nro teohn-cil, th.pv
are to be. understood ir. a. te:kr.!:s.l izzt,
And whn a statute is unders toe J, aniij
not unoonstituiicnil, it is tin i jr. J, ."c;I
rrnn retnaia in lull force until i; u iz
! peaied cr set asiia by tha :.ma po:vr,
. US aU.l u .x.. im -
it.
,v i ,
