ftcbrnska SUtocvttscr:
rl
cillSHED EVIBY SAUCFDAY BY. .
f; t. R. FISHER,
, story Stickler's Block, Main Street,
3 EEOWKVILLE, N. T.
R AT. O V A I) V I JUT I S I N i I.
Or-e square en line or one insertion, $1 c
Kach- add:iiLil inserlun - - - 5
Bunine, Crdi, nx Hue or 1, cd year t ix
Oca column .cyfar - , (0 U4
One half c.iint:.'! vne yeir ' - - 40 ff
O-e fourth column cm year " -' x "'" IB lit '
fin ! M h c.!1 nriTi . , . . . . . . -
i-i
i
UIINAS FISHER,
PKOPRIETOItS.
' 1 One column ix months -.J li . 40 6J
... 1 tmenair cvltitid mi months . m
7
One .fourth .-..luain sixui.oi'l - ' u
Ooe e.hth ur a c.uuum cis umDihi - 12 da .
One coUituu thre 4nnth - - ;s , ;
One ralf culn'i.n three months , - , li
On fourth column Hiree nncth - ' 12 tt
Otie ri.Mh cuiiinii thre? m kti'hf - 8 i -
AnnonrrisCii3Hiw for OiBoe, - 6 GO
Transient aiiverti-teiueaU mini be pai-l for in adan;t.
..r If raid In advance, - - - - $ I og
. 'it paid ttlie endof 6 montll 2 60
" LIEEHT Y: AND UNION, ONE AND INSEFEBABLE, NOW AND FOItEVEB."
tt .. " i - a vv
" " r 1? or more will te furnished at $1 60 per
f roviiledihe cah accompanies the order, not
: f riv a-iveru-etneiif 3, quarterly ia Wance.
rv rft . In Transient AlverteiueT, trtti ais oer
J 4 iO. 'TJarewill bechar;C.l for by the line, at rtta rate of tea
,i eu:s tb first ttok, ai'.J b ct. eaih subsequent week.
VOL. VII.
BROWNVILLK, NEBRASKA, SATURDAY, JANUARY 10, 1863.
If ' p
111' fiftl Irno
3 A
f Ay Wv v vNyX
Business cards.
0 THE AFFLICTED.
1)11. A. GODFREY,
gYSlOIAN, SURGEON
OBSTETRICIAN,
,a in Franc, baring twenty-five yearn' expe-
The Jleiica' science, and one of the crresrxn
in inr journal of the Medical Scien-
' "h'w V,pd Pruianetitly In Brownville, and re
' ten
nders hit prof esbio il bervicea to the cit-
r-'.li. Mtr nd vicinity
ill noi i
,fl.. hi & uprricea to common practice.
ilf . .v- in rhrnnic 1ifeaf-e dioeaeea of lonir
-imf. """ " .r . .... . 7 "
n . i . . r, Tn mora nd Korea Abnre-R( and
Cinccra and Sore Jtyes, eveu pantdi uiiuuuefB,
i commonly called Falling JSkkness, Palsy,
nvnifiw. Confiuii'.ption in the flrst and
nvHifiw. Conouiiiption in the flrst and
"'Jrace insanity in some forms, and diseases of
? urn) ' ParUcular atteiiticn paid to Ague.
f!7Mi if renaented. rive reference to those pro-
uscert lncnrab;e in the United SUtes, and afterwards
.iU'fyund at all hours, either at n. C. Lett's
i a Store or at big dwelling houte, hen not engaged
j'afeMunai business n&)-ly
BSEITMEYER & R0BIS0N,
MAWCFACTCRERS of
flBOOTS AMD SHOES JSl
MAIK, BETWEIH FIRST AKD SECOKD iTt.,
BROWNVILLE, N. T.
EricR recently purchased the Shoe Shop formerly
nti br Wra. T. Pen, we now oflr our work at great
nfdaced prices. We manufacture all that we ofer
j Vo'mviile, Sept. 57, 1S62.
nll-ly
0. P. STEWART,
ECLECTIC PHYSICIAN
AND
SURGEON,
BR01YSTIEL.E, XERRASKA.
met, in J. J. Thurman's Drug Store, Whitney's
E.ock.Hajn street.
v6-n43-y
AUGUSTUS SCHOENHEIT,
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
S0LICITORSAINN CHANCERY,
Corner First and Main Streets,
Erownvillc, - - - ?;c!srr.iUa
EDWARD W. THOMAS,
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
SOLICITOR IN
CHANCERY.
Office corner of Main and Tirst Streets.
BROWNVILLE. NEBRASKA.
THOMAS DAVIS,
CLECT1CPIIYSICIAN
SURGEON,
TABLE ROCK, NEBRASKA
Reference, Dr. D. ti win, BrownTille.
April II, TI. n40-Iy
LEWIS WAIiUX-EItr
HOUSE, SIGN i5D ORNAMENTAL
GLAIZER AND PAPEIi HANGER.
BROWNVILLE, N. T
E. MOODY & SON,
NIAGARY NURSERIES,
LOCK PORT, N. Y..
Wholesoie and Betail Dealeis in Fruit,
Fruit and Ornamental Trees,
AND SHRUBS AND
STOCK FOR NURSERY3IEX.
For Sale at Bargains.
Two Vo. 1 Shuttle Empire Sewing Machines.
One Franklin Family Sewing Machine.
Two Horace Waters' $75 Melodious.
Two Freeh's Conical Washing Machine.
One No. 1 P. W. Gates &. Co.'s Sugar Cane Mills
Ivporiters. ,
Apply at ths Advertuer and Farmer Office. Browi
lUrcaiau, 136J it86-tq
D.
A. CONSTABLE,
IMPORTER AKD DEALER IM
IRON, STEEL, NAILS,
CASTINGS, SPRINGS, AXLES, FILES
. n e i'j Xi o xr s ,
blacksmYtii's TOOLS
Also: Hubs, Spokes, and Bent. Stuff.
Third Street, between Felix and Edmond.
SAINT JOSEPH, MO.
Tiifh be sells at St. Louis priceo for cash.
' Highest Price Paid for Scrap Iron.
December 1,1869. ly.
REAL ESTATE
AND
Collection Office
OF
1?- "Vv HGaford,
HHOWNVILLE, NEBRASKA.
Main, Brficcen Leve and Firtt Streets.
Particular attention piven to the
Purchase and Sale oi Ileal
Estate, Making Col
lections and
Payment or Taxes tor Aon-Rcsl-dents.
USD TV ARRAJCTS FOR SALE, for cah and on
t!m
LAXI) WARRANTS LOCATED for Eastern Cap
hon.
IWrville.N.T. Jaa.3.1861.
3-1
New Remedies for
SPERtYlATORRHCEA.
HOWARD ASSOOIAT10x,
PniLADHIiPHIA.
tornevolent Inttitutinn enfablixhcd bv ffircial En
nf,cr me Reitcf of the Sick and Distressed
yiicttd vifc Virulent and Cltronic Diteatet. ant
,?Cl',! for the Cur of Distaset of the Sexua
lOiCAL ADVICE given gratis, by the Acting
,Vlub'e Reports on Spermatorrhcra, and other d;
lTk! . lh Sexual Orcans. and on the NEW KEMK
n., mPHyed in the 0iMensary. sent in sealed lettei
ti mtreot charge. Twoor threeStamps accept-
,5?.re DR.j. RtiTi.TK riorfiHTOV. Howard At
UemZ't - X S,,ull 'inih Street, Philadelphia, ra
fc " " '
NOW READY.
TtJr-
Ire. 1 Union Volunteer Directory, (4C0
W.60' ?inS amt and JietiJence of ercry
V)m..r Irlvateintbe Union ArniT, with their
'UfU,on lands soletod from pbrsonal exa.minniion,
n4 aeomplete Township Map. showirj Streams,
imler. A.e forwarded with the Certiuoate of looa-
,
Aw , Ad4r" HENRY B. ANSbN,Pub -
(-u ,on t
i i k
J0HII L CAR0 H
(Successor to Lushbaugh & Carson.
2Z3 J2l S ZJB H?- c
LAND AND TAX PAYING
Dealer in Coin, Uncurreni JJoncy, Land
Warrants , Exchange, ard Gold Dvt
MAIN STREET.
I will give especial attention to buying and nelling ex
change on the principal cities of the United States and
Europe, Gold Silver, uncurrent Bank Bills, and
Gold Dust, Collections made on all accessable points,
and proceeds remitted in exchange at current ratea.
Depobita received on current account, aud interest al
lowed on special deposit.
OF.FICE,
31 A IX STIIEET. BETWEEN THE
Telegraph the U. S.
Land OKiccs.
REFERENCES:
Lind &. Brother Philaileiphia, Pa.
J. W. Carson k. Co., ' "
Hiser. Dirk & Co. . Baltimore, Md.
Yonng fit Carson, - 44 "
Jeo. Thompson Mason, Col'r of Port, " "
wm. T. Sstiithson, Esq., Hanker, Washington D. C.
J. T. Stevens, Esq., Att'y at Law, ,
Jno. S. GaliaLer, Late 3d Aud. U. S.T
Tirlor & Krie:;h, Bankers,
Chicago, III.
Jtruieiiana, Pye & Co.,
Hon. Thomas G. Pratt,
Hon. Jas. O. Carson.
P. B. Smali. Eq., Pres't S. Bank,
Col. Geo. Si.hley, A'y at Law,
Cot. 5am.Hi:i:)letonAtt'y at Law,
J udge Thos. Perry,
Prof. n. Tutwilcr,
St. Louis. Mo.
. Annapolis, JId.
MercersfcurgPa
Hagertown, Md.
tt . tt
Easton, Md.
Cumbcrlaiid, Md
Havana. Alabina.
Nov 8, 1360-tf.
BROWNVILLE
TH
HGP.N, COL MA!1, CO.,
Announce to the traveling public that th9lr sp'endiJ
and commodious Steam Ferry running acrotitt ftom
Brownville,
Nebraska.
is one of the best in every respect on theTTprer Mis
Houri river. The Boat m.ikes regular trips every hour
sotbat t" time will be 1 st in waitinff.
The banks n both sides of the river are 1 w and wel
graded which rerOers r.nloadinj" unuecees:iry us is the
case at inor.1 other ferries.
No iearsneed beetieria'rel astodifnculti?satornear
this crossing, as everybtxly in this region, oti both sides
of the river, is for the Uniou the stronget kinc':.
Our ihaxues too an item tber-e hard times are lower
than at any other cross-ing.
Traveler from Kansas to IoTa an 1 to the eat will find
this the nearest and best route i every respect.
THORN, COLEMAN & CO.
Brownville, Nebraska, Sept. 2Ht, 1861.
J. WILSON BOLLINGER,
s? o rr es "r
COUNSELLOR AT LAW,
General and Collecting AgchU
BEATRICE, GAGE CO., NEBRASKA.
-,"--tfc:.r ?ti iht Lvsvnl Courts in Cfl"e nnrl
ftdioinina- counties, and will feivo proir pt attention
to all business entrusted to him. Collections prompt
ly made. rSTi articular attention given to locat
ing Lnnd Warrants on lands carefully selected by
himself
September 25, '61. nT2-yly
JACOB HARH0N,
MERCHANT TAILOR,
BROWNVILLE,
Calls the attention of Gentlemen desiring new, neat.
servicatle and fashionable
V EARING APPAREL,
TO HIS
Hew Stock of Goods
JUST RECEIVED,
BROAD CLOTHS, CASSIMERS, VESTING S, &.C.&C
OF THE VERY L iTETT STYLES.
Which he will sell or make up, to order, at unprece
dented low prices.
Those wishing any thing in his line will do well to
call and examine his stock before investing, as he
pledpes himself to hold out peculiarly ravoriDie in
ducements.
February 13th, 1862.
TII12 CONFESSIONS AMI J.Ai'lilli
ENCE OF A SUFl LULU.
Pn Wished as a warninsr. and for the especial bene
fit of Youn" Men and those who suffor with Nervous
Debility, Loss of Memory, Premature Ue:ay,d:c.,&c.,
by one of those who has cured himself by simple
r..nn. after beine put to great expanse and incon
venience, through the use of worthless medicioos
prescribed by learned Uoctors.
SSmle copies may oe naa oi iu aiuui, v. .
LAMLEUT.Esa..Greerpoint,LonglHlaiid,bycn(:!os
inir a. nost-rmid aidressed envdop. Address
ClIAKLKS A. LAMJJERT, Esi.f Orecnpoint, Ljng
Island, l .
May 22, 1852. nIB-Zm.
IVTonoyAcivaxicocl on
PIKES' PEAK GOLD!
T receive Pike's Peak Gold, and advance
money upon the same, and pay over balance of proceeds
as on as Mint returns are had. In all cases, I wi'
exhibit the printea returns oi mc uuj)tn
r Assay office.
JNO. L. CARS ON ,
BULLION AND EXCHANGE BROKE!
BROWNVILLE, NEB11ASKA.
no20v4
Hats, Boots and Shoes.
I have just received a New Supply of Hats, Boots an
Shoes, which I wiil cell cheaper thmi they were eve
ouered here Lefore. Call and see me.
DAVID SIEGEL.
Brswnviila, April 1(5, 1SC2 n40-tf.
Seeds Frepaid by LlaiL
25 Prettiest Annuals in Cultivation, - - $100
55 r.icn VeL'PtMhle Seed lor the Garden, - 1 01
Both to Clubs of Five for $3; To C 1 utii or Ten for :fcl5;
Tn Club of Twenty for $25.
The NEW JAPAN MILLET, with immense U-nU
six to ten iuches lutiT cents ptr large paper; F.ve
for $1. I received (ienuine Seels of this new a:id valu
able Millet direct from Japan, bv tfceNiagara, last May.,
am' can c r.fldently recouimiMil it t s the l est Wii'.ct in
cultivation. B.M.WATSON.
u3S-tf Old Colony Nurseries. Plymouth. Mas.
To Western Farmers.
Tobacco JScocl.
1 have sere-al varieties of To'o:UC. that wiH ripen
well in tLisi latitude. To any one who wishes rfetd,
and remits me a thrce-ecnt I'ost. stamp, on the
sme. I will scud a payer of each variety if seed
GRATIS. , . . t
Orders mnt he sent i". the unntl.s rf Sepieitber
and October. 1 do this to introduce the calture of
Tobacco In tha West.
Address R. O. TDOMPSON,
Syracuse, Otoe County, N.clrast:a.
P S Papers in Missouri, Iowa, Kansas and e -
Kci-n miW;hin the above once.and sending o.
rked ,will roMire twenty four Fr" choice 1
seeds free by xiall. B. O. TllOMlON.
i..i .;n Ttwairt iwcntr four t.nrer ehiee tlow
ma
er see
Shingles! Shingles!!
inform the cltitten of Nemaha
county, that I shall endeavor to keep this market sup-
L . Cottonwood Shingles, which I will ael
l forcao-, oi .n exouaege -- iii.'
I ' R. F. BARRET.
1 Corn
c
FROM C. II. SCRIVEN,
GENERAL ADVERTISING AGENCY,
NO. G3 DEAEBOKX STHEET,
CHICAGO. ILLINOIS.
16S2. FALL TRADE. 1862
WEBER,--.WILLIAMS & YALE.
JOBBERS Or
OATS, CAPS,
FURS, BUFFALO ROBES,
BUCKSKIN GOODS, &c,
23, LAKE STREET, CHICAGO, ILL.
Vie have now )n Store for Fall Trade the Largest and
bpFt Assorted Stock in our line ever exhibited in this
Market, e.-pecially adapted to the. want.s f Dealers
from all secti n: of the Xorthwebt. and unsurpassed in
vaiioty and cheapness by any to bo found WEST or
EAST.
Merchant who have heretofore purchased in other
Markets are especially invited to examine our stock
his reason, and ate assured we are fully prepared and
determined to sell Goods as cheap, and on as favorable
terms as the best class of Houses in any Market.
ORDERS WILL RECEIVE PROMPT PERSOXAL
ATTENTION.
CASH PAID TOR RAW FURS,
and Price List furnished ay mail.
WEBER, WILLIAMS & YALE.
Oct. 4 '62. ElMin
FAIRBANKS'
STANDARD
11
SCALES
OF ALL KINDS.
,- '. Also, wareaousa itucks, iewer
Presses, etc.
7A!RBAKKS, GHEENLEAF &, GO,
172 LIKE ST., CHICAGO,
53"Be careful, and buy only tte genuine. 4pl
June 12ih, 18o3 n49-3m
JTJST IN TIME rCK
F0BACC0 SEED GRATIS.
Send three rent pot cttmra and cet rix kinds
Tobacco 3 eel frratis. THOMPSON $' HEDGES.
Nov. 23th, 1862. Syracuse, Xtbraska.
Okra or Gumbo Seed.
The best substitute for Coffee preprred in the same
iaa-3iicr as CviiTce. Packages of seed ty mail at lOcts.
eaca. Each packace contains seen enougn to raise a
ppply for an ordinary family.
Scud orders to n. A. 1 tiLiti .
a3S-tf Crasc'rnt City, Iowa.
, X2MJCiSlMZ-iZ.G31m.3mm,
Will send to applicants who enclose stamps, their
Kew Ca'alotrne of Small Fruits, including SCO Select
Varieties of Strawberries. AUo C'talofue of Bulbous
Flov.ers and Piaonies, Fruit and Ornamental Trees,
Roses and Flowerin? Piants, Seeds, &c. nl0-2w
ilAIIUFACTUEINQ COMPANY.
DO YOU WANT
STEAM EXCISES Gil BOILERS
PATENT SVftAR CANE MILLS.
PATENT STEAM COIL EVAPORATORS,
PATENT FIRE KVAPORATOR3,
PATENT STAMP MILLS,
FOR
PIKE'S PEAK OR LAKE SUPERIOll
SEND FOR CIRCULARS,
With Cuts, and Description, Prices, etc., etc.
SAW MILLS, FLOURING MILL,
AND MACHIERT OF ALL DESCRIPTION,
2-SEND FOR CIRCULARS..
P. W. GATES, President.
N. B. Agents wanted everywhere. Chicagt
R. V. FURNAS, A CENT,
Rrownville, Nebraska,
Of whom Circulars aud detailed information can
had.
March 20, 1S62. fn37-lyj
LANDEETE'S
Varranted Garden Seeds
ELTNDEN, E0ENIG & CO,,
(Late John Garnett &. Co ,)
No. 66 North Second Street, alwvu Pine,
ST. -LOUIS, MO.
OCer for sale at very low fi?nres, a lanre and wel
assorted stock of Agricultural aud Hortic litural Imple
ments, coniprisins everything necessary to the Farmer.,
together with a large and fresh supply of
Landrcth's Celebrated Garden Seeds,
CROP Or 1861,
For which they are the sole a.rents. Tu.ir friends can
rely upon pettins fn-ni them feeds th t are not on iy
Piire but true to name in every instance. Also field
heeds at lowest market rates Chinese Sn-rar Car.e seed
T !)3cci seed. Top Oni- ns. tie,, &.C Deiler in seeds
w uM do well tj send them their orders.
Seiui for Almanac aud Illustrated Catalogue grntis.
BIXNDE.V, KObNlG So CO.
March 6, 1362. P33-1.V
G00.00O AGENTS,
MALE OR FEMALE,
TO SFLL
LT OTD"S NEW STEEL PLATS COUNTY COLOREB
MAP OF TH K UNITED-SI ATK3,
CANADAS, AND NET- BRUNSWICK.
From recent surveys, completed Avg. 10, IC62; cost
'0 CCD to cneravc it and one year's tine.
Superior to any $10 map ever maic by Colton o
Mitchell, and sells at the low p-i:e of di'ty cents ; 370,
0tU names are engraved on this ump.
It is not 'iiiy a County M ap. but it is also a
COUNT T AND RAILROAD MAP
of ti e United States and Canad.vscuiliinel iu one, gi-flr.fi
EVERY RAILROAD STATION"
and dibttnc-3 be! ween.
Guarantee nny woman or bus S3 to J,5 per day, ar.-i
ill t.-ike back all maps that. caunot be sold and refund
tie money. . .
Send for $1 worth to try.
Printed instructions how tocsavahs well be furnished
ali our agents.
Wanted Wholesale A;euts.fr our Maps in every
State, California, Canada, Jfnil;ind, Fr.iuteand Cuba.
A fortune may be made with a few hundred. dollars
apital. So conpetition. J. T. LLCTD,
No. 161 Broadway, New V.rk.
The War Department uses our Man of Virginia Mary
land, aid Pennsylvania. -o.-t $100 003, on which is
inaiicd MiJJICiuwu. Maryland Heighr-s, Willinmsport
Fern. Willtwk Mills, Nulaud's Ford, and all others
( VirSitlia aud pPUnsj I va:iia, or money refunded.
i nil
tte Potomac, and every onc-r piaco iu juarj ianu,
PRICE HJ CE'TS.
From The Tribune, Augnn 2.
"Llovd's Map of Virginia, AUryiawi, and Pennsylva-
uia. This Map is verj -
and i'8 the bett which can l e purchaicd. al2-f9-3t
(Cttara 2fobtrtitiuni
Flower Seeds.
Choice varieties, and of ery superior juaMty.ao pa
pers of which 111 be tent (pobt-paid) by mail, to any
- -4"1 Ur.
ur Ue wi". A.TSEUT, Creioent City .Iowt
Karmstien iw
Discussion on Fencing at the N. Y.
State Fair.
Hon. T. C. Peters opened the discus
sion with the following paper. It can
hardly be condensed more. The subject
was divided as follows
1st. Fencing, a3 connected with the
highways of the Stise, and incidently the
expense of maintainance as regird j pas
turage of cattle, sheep, horses, and swine,
not legally there.
'2d. Fencing, as it regards the general
charge upon the land, or as concerned its
burded upon Agriculture.
First, then, I assume a mile of high
way to each square mile of land. That
there are 18,000,000 acres of land in the
State which are susceptible of cultivation,
and are under fence. My estimates are
based upon the following data : Burr's
Atlas malfts the area of the State a tri
fle over 28,000,000 acres'. The aggre
gate of acres taxed as returned by Super
visors to the Controllers, makes it about
half million of acres less. The State
Cen-us give improved acres, 13 657,
490; unimproved acres 13,1000,692.
Total acres, 20,7o9.1S2, which is about
1 ,000,000 acres less than is given by town
assessors. " The Census fail to account for
a million of acres, compared with town
assessors, and a million ajid a half com
pared with Biirr's Atlas.
I place the waste lands in four divis
ions, viz: 1st. Northern, or St. Law
pence division, by which 1 mean all the
lands north of the Mohawk Valley, and
of Oneida Lake, and west of a line ex
tended north through Lake Champlain.
from the mquth of the Mohawk river to
the Canada line. 2d. Hudson and At
lantic division, which includes Lon?
Island, Staten Island, and the east side
of the Hudson river. 3d. The catskill
division, which includes all south of the
Mohawk river,- and cast of the Valley of
Chenango, prolonged to the State line
south. 4th. The western division, which
includes the balance of the State not in
cluded in the other divisions.
I estimate the waste lands iu the north
ern division at 6,000,000 acres; .Hudson
and Atlantic, 1 ,'250,000 acres; Catskill,
1.25O.G00 ; Western division, 1,500,000.
Total, 10,000,000 acr?3.
The Census gives cf lnnds in crops,
pasturage. Ccc, 13,000,000 acres, vvhith
with the absolute waste lads, accounts for
25,000,000 acres. Cut as 10,000,000
acres will cover all the waste lands, it
leaves still two millions. of acres unac
counted for. This is probably, in .cities
and villages, gardens and orchards,
which would make the improved and in
closed lands. 1SO.OOO.O0O acres, v.'hich is
not far from the .true amount.
At 610 acres to the square mile, 18,
000,000 of acres would be 23,125 square
miles, and 28,000 miles of highway.
liut the highway must be fenced on both
sides, which would make 56,000 miles of
highway fence. The land occupied by
the highway and fences is at least fcur
rods in width, of which the public only
require about one rod. The amount of
land occupied by highways is 204,000
acres. Cost of fence SI per rod. Cost
of annual repairs equal to the interest of
another SI per rod. The average value
of all the improved hnds in the State is,
say S40 per cere, the amraal interest
upon which is S2,80 per acre, or 822,10
per mile. Our account, then, with high
ways, stands thus : 640 rods of fence to
the mile at 1 per rod, 8610. Capital
required for the interest on repairs in
curred per mde, S610. Interest on land
at S40 per acre, 82:2,40. Total cost per
mile is 81,302 40. Cost of 28,000 miles
811,000 COO. Annual interest thereon,
8770,000. Interest on t.:tprtal for re
pairs, 8770,000. Interest ori( larjd used
616,000. Total annual post of high
ways, besides labor. 82,153,000, or near
ly one-half of the State tax.
Second Fences as a gen ral charge
upon the farmer. The average size of
farm iu the State is about 100 acres, and
the fields of the farm will not exceed tn
acres each. One hundred acres fenced
into ten-acre Jots would require 1,600
rods of fence. ' Uut as these fences are
used on both sides, therefore only one
half should be computed. We have,
therefore, 800 rods to the farm;-at 81
per rod, making S3 sunk capital to each
acre. The cost of all the fences then, in
the State, is 8144,000. But as we can
best comprehend tbs figures when ap
plied to the farm, we say the sunk cap-
! ital on a farm is 8S0O, which is equal to
Bnnual interest of i5iy. An equal sum is
required to be put at interest to keep the
fences in repair, making the annual tax
81 12 per acre or the aggregate cost to
to the farmers of the State 81 12 per
acre each year for fences. In other
words ther is to be chargpd to the farm
lands of the State the sum of 820,000,
000 for the protection of their stock and
the security of their crops. The annual
legal tax paid upon farm lands, or by the
farmers of the State, averages 33 cents
per acre, or about 6,000,000. This in
cludes State, county, town, highway, and
district school taxes. Our fence tax is
81 12 per acre.
There was not a little talk about the
law regulating fencing along the high
ways, and the law of trespass in its rela
tion to road cattle. It was claimed that
this law had been a dead letter, so far as
its practical operation was cor.csrned, in
nine-tenths of the State. There were
gentlemrn present who asserted that ia
certain localities men with backbone had
enforced it; but it had involved consider
able litigation. In the end. the friend of
law and order ht.d triumphed, and the
result hid been a healthy observance of
the rights of the property holders to the
highways.
The present law had prove mere effec
tive, and the good results were already
gfien in verv manv localities in the State,
It had resulted in compelliiij a certain
class of land holders to pasture their
stock on their own land. It had dimin
ished the depredations of ca'ttle on farm
crops, lessenened the cost of fencing the
highways, increased the products of the
farm, improved the appearance of the
streets, and otherwise benefited all classes
In some cases, near large towns or
cities, it was more difficult to enforce thi?
law. There were classes of lawless cit
izen?, who were prompt to retaliate upon
the man who adopte any legal measures
to compel them to keep their stock from
the hinhway. But these instances were
exceptions. The array of figures presen
ted by Mr. Peters, impressed the impor
tance to the industrial, interests of the
State, "that this law be rigidly enforced,
and that farmers adopt erery measnre of
economy which this law gives the power
to adopt.
Lewis FAllen, of Black Rock, had
found it difficult to enforce this Ian; and
thought a law allowing the farmer to
fence close up to the ditch each side of
the road track, giving only 24 feet to the
street, would have been a wiser one.
He was not an opponent of the present
law, however, provided it was practical
to enforce it. The amount of fence can
not be greatly diminished without the
practice of soiling is adopted.
Another rrentl?men advocated the re
moval of the road fences as a means of
teaching the people our righ to the high
way He thought the main difficulty in
the way of the enforcement of this law,
was a fact that a large class believe they
have the riiht to the road for grazing
purposes, that land owners are compelled
to fence against stock.
Mr. Teters ur-ed th5
importance
of
distributing copies of the law in all parts
of the State. Agricultural papers should
publish it, call attention to it, and show
the peopla the good results to follow its
enforcement. Then let farmers put a
little backbone into its executfon, and all
classes will be tbcnefitee thereby in the
end, because the capital involved in the
making and keeping up fences ' will be
turned into ether channels, and become
distributed and active.
Judge Warner, of Rochester, thought
the present law defective in one respect
in that it does not provide for the re
covery of damages which may have re'
suited from the G epilations of aniens Is
taken uy, by the same process znd par
ties, who collect the fine thus saving the
extra cost of a second process under the
old law to recover. This was indorsed
by other gentlemen as important, and the
action of the society was recommended
in the matter.
A eenilomen from Herkimer county
pathetically pleaded the rights and ne
cessities of the iaboring poor to the road
pasturage, and impressively asked the
gentlemen present, if they were willing
to devote four acre3 of the pasturage of
the poor man's cow? His appeal was
affecting, but a heartless editor dried up
the tears and "brought down the house,
by "taking the liberty". ta ask the gen
tleman what effice he was running for.
President Cornell said he went from
home to England with a high opinion of
ihe live fences of that country. But he
had ret i?ned from across water, satisfied
that they are expensive and useless. He
said live fences might be good for the
prairies where shelter is desired, but he
did not believe them profitable here , for
they are two expensive and occupy" too
much ground. In England premiums
were offered for the eradication of
hedges. On the Continent he found few
fences. In France and Belgium no fen
ces were visible. The Lombardy pop
lars are observable along the road side3
as landmarks when the snow covers the
ground. H had returned determined to
diminish his fences one-half at leas'.
He would not recommend their rapid but
their gradual diminution. He is satisfied
we have twice as much fence as is neces
sary. This testimony was endorsed by
the best farmers present, who asserted
their intention to economize in fence ex
penditures in every possible way.
At the conclusion of the discussion,
Col. B. P. Joluison, Secretary of the So
ciety, being invited to address the meet
ing relative' to his recent visit to the In
ternational Exhibition at London, respon
ded in a very eloquent manner. He
said: All who went from this country
went at their own expense: There were
about 95 exhibitors of American articles,
and these won great honors. Under
more favorable circumstances we would
have beaten all other nations, and even
as it was the London papers had to ac-
I knowledge that the American exhibition
had won a greater proportion of the pri
zes than even England, The progress
that this show proved had been ma le in
eleven years, in all branches of the arts
and manufactures, was wonderful.
Everywhere over England Col. Johnson
found that the American agricultural im
plement exhibited in 1851 had ccmc into
use, and are highly approved. He
thought those whe s'ent' over articles to
the .exhibition of 1S62 were entitled to
great credit, for they had won national
honors. An American engine was used
to drive half the machinery in the exhi
bition, and that engine wa3 adopted as
the standard of steam engines.
Col. J. continued -hi3 remarks about
half an hour, very much to the satisfac
tion of the meeting, which than adjourned
to the next State Fair, with feelings of
great satisfaction at the result of the
present discussions. r
ibont Corned Ueer
When beef is fresh it contains consid
erable blood, whice is drawn out by the
brine. If the meat is left in the bloody
mixture, it will require a much larger
quantity of salt to preser--'r, particularly
ihrouga warm weatuer. My plan is to
pake a brine by using every hua-
dred pounds of beef five pounds of 'salt,
one-fourth of an ounce of saltpeter, and
one pound of brown sugar. This is dis
solved in just enough water to cover the
meat, and poured upon it. When it h&s
been in the brine two weeks, I take eut
the meat, let it drain, pour a fresh brine
over it, and then it will be giol the sea
ason through. The cook who uses corned
beef should not be so ignorant or in
dolent as to delay putting it over the fire
until an hour before dinner. A good
sized piece requires three or fo:ir hours
steady boiling to do it justice. Lnsutlic
ient boiling must be made up by extra
chewing. Always have the water boil
ing when the meat is dropping in, other
wise the sweetness will be drawn out in
to the water. A boiling heat hardens
the outer surface at once, and thus keeps
in the juice3, whijh give richness and
which contains unst of the nourishment.
An excellent way of cooking corned beef
is to have a large boiler with "a wire or
woodin rack on the bottom for the meet
to rest over -the water. When the wa
ter boils, place the meat upon the rack
and put on the cover of the boiler with
a cloth over it to keep in the steam. The
heat of the steam will rise above the
boilin point and penetrate the meat, and
cook it more quickly and better than
could be done by boiling. American
F armer.
Cause of Bllnaness Among Horses.
. This is a subject of very general im
portance, It has beu stated that blind
ness is more prevalent among horses in
America than among those of other coun
tries. If this is the case, the causes of
the evil should bft investigator! nnr! re
moved if possible, without delay. The
ist number of the Jltnencan stock Jour
nal contains a good arrticle on the snb-
ect, the leading ideas of which we have
condensed for our cobmns. It states
that blindness i3 more prevalent among
horses in Ohio than those of any other
section of the country. The causes of
blindness are attributed, in a great meas
ure, to over-feeding the Ohio horses be
ing notoriously fat. It is a common prac
tice iu that State to force the fat upon
horses intended for sale by suiting them
principally with Indian corn, and k.":ep-
in-T them, without mucasorvice, in wp.rta,
close stables. This method of faeJUng
seen fattens a horse, but at the came
time its digestive functions are injured
by the treatment. It is now believed
that the blindness can be traced to a sym
pathetic relation between disorder of the
digestive organs, and tha brain, and that
through the latter the optic nerve becomes
diseased and ends in destroying the vis
iion. Blindness is also, frequently trans
mitted to offspring, and thus an evil,
first originating in disease; almost be
comes a natural defect by heriditary de
cent. Errors in feeding horses, as is
well "known, also produce blind staggers,
stomach staggers, and organic disease of
tha brain; therefore the greatest care
should be exercised in feeding them.
In order to prevent the spread of horse
blindnessJ it is recommended that when
ever an animal shows the least symptoms
of the disease' it should be kept on a light
diet of hay and Aats. Alnrsemay be
maintained in good condition on 12 lbs
of hay and 5 lbs of oat3 for daily feed.
In breeding horses it is also recommend
ed that all animals showiag the least
symptoms of organic disease be rejected.
One of the hsi symptoms incident to
blindndess f.-Wh any person may read
ily notice is the disposition of the ani
mal to raise his fore legs unnecessarily
higb. while, at the same time, the ears
are drawn backward and forward in quick
succession, thus fgiving evidence that the
. - a l
sagacious animal is sounding the ground
over which he travels
These are the principal ideas advanced
by our contemporary respecting the cause
of prevalent horse blindness in our coun
try, and the mode cf arresting a spread
of the evil. There are some other causes
of this disease which appear to us more
evident, and which are berfectly capable
of removal. Blind horses are more com
mon in cities than in the rural distribts
This we consider is principally caused by
bad stables. Many of them are under
ground cellars, and, with few exceptions
all stables are too small. They do not
admit a sufficient quantity of fresh air
for ventilation and respiration, and this
always tends to injure the health of the
animals. Light is as assential to the
health of horses as that of men, and yet
most stables are as dark as dungeons.
Several vears since, a great number of
valuable French cavalry horses were at
lacked with glanders and other diseases,
of which they died. It was recommend
that more spacious stable should be erect
ed- The suggestion wa3 acted upon, and
with improved army stables, there is not
one fourth the cases of sickness now
among ihe French cavalry horses. Thi3
fact is invaluable. It would be far better
for mon of the horses in our cities to be
kept in cpen sheds than in the sstabl-'s
commonly provided for them.
We are also positive that eye lliuds
on the harness tend to injure the eye3 of
horses, and, as th-y are totally useless
and unsightly appenJagos. they should
be abandoned entirely. We are aware
that, of late, the open bridle has become
more common, but it should be universal.
Tight, close collars, .which squeeze the
oroj nf Knrp in ntiftimr fHm on "a r
" w - ... r "- v
a ho very injurious to the eyes of the an-
, ,,r 1 I c
mals. v e have known one case of per-
manent injury to thy eyes of an excellent
horse frc:n that caue. Carriage and
draught horses should be provided with
divided collars secrred either at the top
or bottom, so that they are not required
to be forced orer the heads of the ani
mals. Valley Farmer.
A man convinced against his will is of
the Bame" opinion still.
. Kecplns Warm.
, Wehave heard it said that a thin shawl
may be made warm by folding a newspa'.
per inside of it. The paper is impervi
ous to the wind and cold air from outside,
and prevents the rapid .escape of tha
warm air beneath it. Every one knows
that the heat of the body is carried oil
much more rapidly in a high wind ihaa
in a calm. The wind Hows away tha
heat envolved in the body, but in a per
fectly still air, this heat remains, and
constitutes an atmostphertc envelop, so
nearly of the same temperature with the
body itself; that the latter is not so quick
ly robbed of its natural heat.- A piece
cf silk oil-cloth, stitched. in. the folds of
the shawl, is more llexible- than the pa
per, and will last a whole winter. It has
the advantage of securing inward warmth
without the additional weight of a thicker
garment. When you set out on a winter
journey, if. you are liable to suffer from
cold toes, which many peaple do, m spits
of "rulber," put a piece of newspaper over
your stockings, which you can readily do,
if your boots or shots are not irrationally
tight. This is better than 'rubbers,'?
which are, in fact, very cold comforters
in the extreme, while they make the feet
swet in moderate weather. The maia
use of India-rubber overshoes is to keep
out the water, and for that they are sec
ond only to a stout, new pair of water
proof, first rate leather boots. ' The con
stitutional vivicity and temper of persons
has much to do with their endurance? oi
cold ; for this'vivacity is a sort of nervous
fiire that lessens the sensibility to out
ward impressions. An indifferent, milk
and water person, without energy and
force, is at tha 'nery of every cold blast
that sweeps around the cornor. He and
ecpesially she, has no defense but to wear
a dozen shawls through the day, and
sleep under a bale of blankets at night.
One without any mental purpose, (un
forts.nately thsre are such, though in
vigorous health, is much more liable t
catch cold than a spirited, delicate lody
bent un ome positive pursuit.
Treatment of Wonndi In ArilmalJ.
A correspondent inquires for directions
f.s to the best treatment of flesh .wounds
in animals, what salve or liniment should
be used, etc. It is a mistaken notien that
any plaster, salve, liniment or. other no?r
rum, will heal a wound. The divided
parts mu3t grow together by the ..action
of vital power in the flesh itself. The
most we can do in the matter "is, to placs
the seperated portions under the 'most fa
vorable position for uniting, and then let
nature work. Of nours the flow of blood
must first be stopped. Unless snm? hrg
blood vessel has been wounded- bleeding
will usually soon cease, If however it
continues long, and especially if the
blood be of a bright red color, and comes
out by jets or spirts, showing that an ar
tery is divided, prompt measures aro
necessary, usually requiring some sur
gical skill. It is sometimes needful to
hold open the edges of the wound, find
the ends of the blood vessel, and ti
thera with strong white silk, leafing the
ilk long onough to hang out of the
wound.- In less severe cases, the appli
cation of cold water, or of alum water,
or pressure, will aid in stopping hemorr
hage. In a simple cut, it is not rfecs.a
ry to cleanse the wound from blood. I's
coagulation will aid in the healing pro
cess, if the parts can be brought together
and kept in contact. Foreign .substan
ce, a3 dirti splinters, etc; must be remov
ed before a cure can be looked for.
When bleeding has mostly ceased,
bring the parts in close contact, and se
cure them by narrow strips of adhesirs
plaster. This article, which can be pro
cured at any druggist's, should always b
at hand. If, however the laceration be
extensive, it will be necessary to sew tha
parts together. Some means should bo
adopted to prevent displacement of tha
parts, after .healing commences. To re
leive the itching nnJ irritation, the , ani
mal will endevor to scratch or rul the
wound, and thus make it worse than at
first. Bandages are useful, .when they
can be applied. They should not be ton
tin'ck, for fear of heating and consequent
inflammation. The animal should b9
kept entirely quiet, and the diet be'mado
rather low. If much inflamition , ap
pears in spite of these precautions; - an
occasional moderate dose of Glauber's
salts, together with the applcatioa of
cold water to the wound, will check it.
These general directions will answer
for wounds not severe enough to require
a veterinary surgeon. American gri
cultnriat. A Compliment from John Bull
In these day3 of trial, when England
turns the cold shoulders to us, it is com
forting to recall the pleasant things she
has said and done in former times.
Here is a good morsel; Several years
ago, when Mr. Loudon was giving in
struction to a committee of gentelmen in
reference to the embellishment of a
public park, hi said: "In that portion
of the Park where it is desirable that
the greatest beauty and interest should
be created, the trees of North America
shouM be planted. To these may suc
ceed the tre3 ot Greece and Italy; next,
those of France anJ Germany; then the
British trees; and lastly, those of the
north of Russia, and of Sweden and
! .
i Norway. " . ,
j nQ ,A1t i i , t . T, ,
Une would Lave thought that British
ml. r , ,. .
..www 'J I wiu 111 . Ulv J i 3 L y
and t!:at those of the tlastical Iand3 of
Rome and Grecse, if not also those of
j lhose of o(jr ownVuj; dsiaocrtiic cca
try. But lo ! our tree3 are put at tha
head of the cataogue of all tlia nations!
How about our men and wjea
raised on the rame soil tha grws eseht
reee?
n, 1552, n-tfj
i