mail conveyance in the insurrectionary
States, and in part to a cavial review of
all the expenditures in that Department,
in the interest of economy.
EFFICIENCY POSTAL COXVEI? TIOX .
The efficiency of the postal service it
is believed has also been much improved.
The" Postmaster General nUo opened a
correspondence, through the Department
of State, with foreign governments, pro
posing a convention of postal representa
tives, for the purpose of simplifying1 the
rates of foreign postage and to expedite
the foreign mails. This proposition,
equally important to our adopted citizens
and to the commercial interests of this
country, has t-een favorably entertained
and agreed to by all the governments
from whom replies have been received.
I ask the attention of Congress to the
suggestion of the Postmaster General in
his report respecting the further legisla
tion required in his opinion, for the ben
efit of the postal service.
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR.
The Secretary of the Interior reports
as follows in regard to public lands:
"The public lands have ceased to be a
source of revenue. From the- 1st or July
1SG1, to the 30ili of September, 1SC2,
the PEtire cash receipts from the sales of
public rands were $137,477 2G a sum
much less than the expenses of our land
system during the same period.
"The homestead law, which will take
effect on the 1st of January next, offers
such, inducements to settlers that s;des
for cash cannot be expected to an extent
sufficient to meet the expenses of the
General Land Office, and cost of survey
' ing and bringing the land into market."
The discrepency between the sums
here stated as arising from the sales of
public lands and the sums derived from
the same source as reported by the Treas
ury Department arises, as I understand,
from the fact that the periods of time,
though apparently, were not really coin
cident at the beginning point. The
Treasury report includes a considerable
sum now which had previously been re
ported for the interior, sufficiently large
to greatly overreach the sum derived
from the three months now reported upon
by the Interior, and not by the Treasury
Department.
THE INDIAN WAR.
,The Indian tribes upon our frontiers
have, during the past year, manifested a
spirit Of insubordination, and at several
points, engaged in open hostilities against
the white settlers in their vicitity. The
tribes occupying the Indian country south
of Kansas, renounced their allegiance to
the United States, and entered into a
treaty with the insurgents. Those who
remained loyal to the United States were
driven from the country. The chief of
the Cherokees has visited this city for
the purpose of restoring the former rela
tions of the tribe with the United States.
He alleges that they were constrained by
superior force to enter into treaties with
the insurgents, and that the United States
neglected to furnish the protection which
their stipulation required.
THE MINNESOTA MASSACRE.
In the month of August last, the Sioux
Indians, in Minnesota, attacked the set
tlers in their vicinity with extreme feroc
ity, killing indiscriminately men, women
and children. This attack was wholly
unexpected, and therefore the defense
had not been provided. It is estimated
that not less than S00 persons were killed
by the Indidns, and a large amount of
property destroyed. How this outbreak
was induced is not definitely known ; and
suspicions, which may be unjust, need not
be stated.
Information was received by the Indi
an Bureau from different sources, about
the time hostilities were commenced, that
a simultaneous attack wa3 to be made
upon the white settlers by all the tribes
between the Mississippi river and the
Rocky Mountains.
The State of Minnesota has suffered
great injury from the Indian war. A
large portion of her territory has been
depopulated, and a severe loss has been
sustained by the destruction of property.
The people cf that State manifest much
anxiety fo the removal of the tribes be
yond the limits of the State, as a guaran
tee against future hostilities.
The Commission of Indian Affairs will
furnish full details.
REMODELING OF INDIAN SYSTEM.
- I submit for, your special consideration
whether our Indian system shall not be
remodeled. Many wise and good men
have been impressed with the belief that
this can be profitably done.
PACIFIC RAILROAD AND THE SHIP CANALS.
. I submit a statement of the proceedings
of. the commissioners, which shows the
progress that has been made in the en
terprise of constructing the Pacific Rail
road, and- thus suggests the completion of
the road, and also the favorable action of
Congress upon the project now pending
before them for enlarging the capacities
. of the great canals in New York and Illi
nois, and being of vital and rapidly in
creasing importance to the whole nation,
and especially tc the vast interior region
hereinafter to be noticed at some greater
length.
I piopose having prepared and laid
Wore you at an early day, some inter
esting and valuable statistical informa
tion upon this subject. The military and
commercial importance of enlarging the
Illinois and Michigan Canal and improv
ing the Illinois river, is presented in the
report of Colonel Webster, to the Secre
tary of War, and now transmitted to
Congress. I respectfully ask your atten
tion to it.
THE AGRICULTURAL BUREAU.
. To carry out-the provisions of the act
of Congress of the 15th of May last, I
have caused the Department of Agricul
ture of the United States to be organized.
The Commissioner informs me that with
in the period of a few months this depart
ment has established an extensive system
of correspondence and exchanges, both
at home and abroad, which premises to
effect highly beneficial results in the de
vtlopement of a correct knowledge of
recent improvements in agriculture, in
the introduction of new products, and in
tne collection of agricultural statistics of
the different 'States; also," that it. will
soon be prepared to distribute largely,
fceeds, cereals, plants and cuttings, and
l.as already published and ' liberally dif
fused much valuable information.
In. anticipation of a more elaborate re
port which in due time Will-be published,
rmlracin"r some valuable tests in chemi-
.al science now in progress in the labor
ttury,. the creation ; of this department
wa3 for the more immediate benefit of a
large class of our most valuable citizens,
and I trust that the liberal basis upon
which it has been organized will not only
meet your approbation, but that it will
realize at no distant day, the fondest an
ticipation of its must sanguine friends,
and become the fruitful source of advan
tage to all our people. -
nin PROCLAMATION OF
SEPTEMBER 22d.
On the 2-Jd day of Srpten.ber last a
proclamation was issued by the Execu
live a copy of which is herewith submit
ted. In accordance with the persose ex
pressed in the second paragraph of that
paper I now respectfully recall your at
tention to what may hi called coinpsnsa
ted emancipation. A nation may be said
to consist of its territory, Mts people and
its laws. The territory is the only part
which is of certain duritility. "One
generation passeth away and another
generation commeth, but the tarth abi
deth for ever.
THE UNION ONE A'D INSEPARABLE.
That portion of the earth's surface
which is owned and inhabited by the
people of the United States is well ad
apted to the home cf one national family.
It is not well adapted for two or more.
Its vast extent and its variety of climate
and productions are of advantage in the
age cf one people, whatever they might
have been in former ages. Steam and
telegraphs and intelligence have brought
these to be an advantageous combination
for one united people.
THE FOLLY OF DISUNION.
In the inaugural address I briefly poin
ted out the total inadequacy cf disunion
as a remedy for difficulties between the
people of the two section?. I did so in
iauguage which I cannot improve, and
which, therefore, I beg to repeat.
THE MiTTEa IN A NUTSHELL.
"One section cf cur country believes
slavery is right and ought to l3 extended,
while the other believes it is wrong and
ought not to be extended.. This is the
only substantial dispute. TI13 fugitive
slave clause of the Constitution and the
law for the suppression of the African
slave trade are each as well enforced,
perhaps, as any law can ever be in a
community where the moral sense of the
people imperfectly support the law itself.
The great body of the people abide by
the legal obligations in both cases, and a
few break over each. This, I think,
cannot be perfectly cured ; and it would
be worse in both instances after the sep
aration of the sections than before. The
foreign, slave trade, now imperfectly sup
pressed, would be ultimately revived
without restriction in one section, while
fugitives now only partially surrendered,
would nut be surrendered at all to the
other.
Physically speaking, we cannot sepa
rate, we cannot remove our respective
sections from each other nor build an im
passible wall between them. A husband
and wife may b? divorced and go out of
the presence and beyond the re ich of
each other, but the different parts of our
country cannot do this. They cannot but
remain face to face, and intercourse eith
er amicable or hostile must continue be
tween them. , Is it possible then to make
that intercourse mere advantageous or
more satisfactory after separation than
before? Can aliens make treaties easier
than friends can make lawsl Can trea
ties be more faithfully enforced between
aliens than laws can among friends? '
Suppose you go to war, yu'i cannot fight
always, and when after much loss on both
sides, and no gain dn either, you ceae
fighting, the identical eld question as to
terms of intercourse are a:ain upon you."
There is no line, straight or crooked,
sui'.able for a national boundary, upon
which to divide. Trace through from
east to west, upon the line between the
free and slave country, and we shall find
a little more than one-third of its length
are rivers easy to be crossed, and popu
lated, or soon to be populated thickly
upon both sides, while in nearly all its
remaining length are merely surveyors'
lines, over which people may walk back
and forth without any consciousness of
their pressnce. No part of this line can
be made any more difficult to pass by
writing it down on paper or parchment,
as a national boundary."
WHAT SECESSION SURRENDERS.
The fact of separation, if it comes,
gives up on the part of the seceding sec
tion, the fugitive slave clause, along with
all other constitutional obligations, upon
the section seceded from, while I should
expect no treaty stipulation would ever
be made to take its place.
"THE GREAT BODY OF THE REPUBLIC.'
Rut there is another difficulty. The
great interior region bounded east by the
Alleghanies, north by the British Domin
ions, west by the Rocky Mountains, and
south by the line along which the culti
vation of corn' and cotton meets, and
which includes part of Virginia, part of
Tennessee, all of Kentucky, Ohio,
Michigan, Wisconsin, Illinois, Missouri,
Kansas, Iowa, Minnesota, and the Terri
tories of Dacotah, Nebraska, ard a part
of Colorado, have about ten millions of
people, and will have fifty millions with
in fifty years, if not prevented by any
political folly or mistake. I: contains
more than one third of the country
owned by the revolted States certainly
more than one million surface miles, one
half as populous as Massachusetts already
is. It would have more than seventy-five
millions of people. A glance at the map
shows that territorially speaking it is the
great body of the Republic. The other
parts are but marginal borders to it.
The magnificent region sloaping west
from the Rocky Mouuuins to the Pacific
being the deep?3t and alo the richest
in undeveloped resources. In the pro
duction of provisions, grains, grasses,
and all which proceeds from them,
this great interior region is naturally
one of the. most important in the world.
Ascertain from i.h.3 statistics the small
port.on of the region which bas yet bevn
brought into cultivation, and also the
large and rapidly increasing amount of
its products, and ve shall be overwhelmed
with the magnitule of the prospect pre
sented. And yet this region. has no sea
coast, and touches no ocean anywhere.
ITS NATURAL OUTLETS.
As part of on nation, its people now
may find, and may forever find their way
to Europe by ISew York ; to South A
merica.and Africa by New. Orleans, and
to Asia by San Francisco. Bat separate
our common country into nations, as de
signed by the present rebellion, and
every man in this great interior region
is thereby cut off from some one or more
of these outlets., not perhaps by a physi
cal barrier, buj by embarrassing and on
erous trade regulations, and this is true
wherever a dividing or boundary line may
be fixed. Place it between the now free
and slave country, or place it south of
Kentucky or nmh of Ohio, and still the
truth remains lhat none south of it can
trade to any port or place north of it. and
none north of it can trade to any port or
place south of it; except by terms dictated
by a' government foreign to them.
These outlets, East, West and South are
indispensable to the well being of the
people inhabiting and to inhabit this vast
interior region.
Which of the three may be the-best is
no proper question. All are better Than,
either, and all of right belong to that
people and their successors forever.
True "to themselves, . they will not ask
where the line of separation shall be,
but will vow rather, that there shall be
no such line.
A COMMON INTEREST.
Nor are the marginal regions less in
terested in these communications to and
through them to the great outside world.
They do and each one of them must hav e
access to their Egypt of the West with
out paying toll at the crossing of our na
tional boundary.
SUCCESS OF OUR NATIONAL EXISTENCE.
Our national life springs not from her
permanent past, not from the lands we
inhabit, not from cur national homestead.
There is no possible, swerving of this, but
would, multiply and not mitigate evils
among us." In all its applications and at
titudes it demands union, and abhors sep
aration. In fact it would ere long force
reunion, however much of blood and
treasure the separation might have cost.
Our strife pertains to ourselves, to the
passing generations of men, and it can
not without convulsion be hushed forever,
with the passing of one generation.
AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION.
With this view I recommend the fol
lowing resolution and articles amendato
ry to the Constitution of the United States:
RtoIved, l'.y the Senate and Houe of Representa
tive t,t tU U luted Slates of America in Conines as
senibled, two tfiinis cf both ll.uert cniicurrin::, tlit
the ;oliowiii,j aniclfs be pro;o.-ed to the It itisiaini es
or ci vintions of tha several State as amendment to
the ixr.i.-iituiit.n cf the I'nito 1 Stales, all, or any of
wiiica articles, wlieu ratified ty the three-fourths of
the tvtid leir-ltrtiirt's or conventions to ho valid us part
or parts of the constitution, yameiy :
COMPENSATED EMANCIPATION.
Article k Every S ate wherein slavery now ex
ists, which shall al.!i.-h the tattie therein at My time
or tiaies before the first of January, iu tin year of our
LortfrJOO, sh.il I ieceive coni;eu-atioii from the United
States, bearing interes-t at the rate of , for each slave
thown to have teen therein Ly the eighth census ot the
United Siate. said bond to be deliverel to such S:ate,
by installments or in one parcel- at the couipieuoti of.
the ;tbol:jlnueuts, accordingly a the haul') shiU have
been, gradual or at one tune within such SUte, and in
teie: bball Lcpiii to rim upon any such bond only from
tht proper time of Its Cell very as a;oreiiid and auer
ward. Any State havi'i? received bond as aforesaid, and af
terwards iuiroJucin or tolerating shivery therein,
(u jI I refund to tt e Unite I State the b.inJ so received,
or the value the.uof, ani all interest th;e n.
OF SLAVES FREED BY THE WAS.
Article 2 All slae who shall bs,ve enjoyed ac
tual freedom by the chances of war at uny lin , left re
the end of the i belli' n, shall be forever free but
but all owners of kucu b shall n i have hte.i d.sl y
al, shall be couijietisateJ tor them at Hit! si uj ra'e as
ts pioviiled f.T the States ad.-pting ato i-huu iu of sla
very, but iu su;h a Way tiiat uj blave shall be twice ac
counted lor.
VOLUNTARY COLONIZATION Iil THE U. S.
Article 3 Vuress in y app.opriti'e in n?y or
otheru ii-e to provide lor odoui zing li ceo. lend pers.ns
wUh their own con iint at anyplace or plaei wnbiii the
I'ui.ed States.
THE ARGUMENT THERETOR.
I beg indulgence to discuss these pro
posed articles at som3 length; Without
slavery the rebellion would never have
existed ; without slavery it could not.
continue. Among ih-2 friends of hd
Union there is a great diversity of sen
timent ani policy in regard 10 slavery
and the African race anung us. Some
would abolish it suddenly and without
compensation, an J seme would abolish it
gradually and with compensation. Some
would remove tha free people from
among us ; and there are yet other minor
diversities. Because of these diversities
we waste much strength in struggles
amongst ourselves. By mutual conces
sion we should harmonize and act to
gether. This would be a compromise
among the friends and not with the ene
mies of the Union. These articles are
ii.tended to embody a plan of such mutual
concession. If the'plan shall be adopted,
it is assumed that emancipation", will fol
low, at least in several of tho States.
HARMONIOUS DIFFERENCES.
In the fir:it article the main paints are :
First, The emancipation. Sccoud, The
length of time for consummating, in years,
and Third, The conpsnsation.
The emancipation will be unsatisfacto
ry to the advocates of perpetual slavery,
but the length of time should greatly
mitigate their dissatisfaction. The time
saves both races from the evils of sudden
derangement, while most of those whose;
habitual course of thought will, be dis
turbed by the measure, will Lave, passed
away before its consummation. They
will never see it. Another class will
hail the prospect of emancipation, but will
d rreciate the length of time. They will
feel that it goes for little to the now liv
ing slaves, but it really gives them much.
It saves them from the vagrant destitu
tion which must largely attend immediate
emancipation in localities where the cir
cumstances are very great, and it gives
the inspiriting assurance that their pos
terity shall be free forever.
The plan leaves to each state choosing
to act under it to abolish slave now or at
the end of the century, or at any inter
mediate time, or by degrees extending
over the whole or any part of that period ;
and it obliges no two Slates to proceed
alike. It also provides for compensation,
and generally the mode of making it.
This, it would seem, must further mit;
gate the dissatisfaction of those who fa
vor .perpetual slavery, especially thoss
who are to receive compensation. '
WHY COMPENSATE.
Doubtless som? of those who are to
piyand not to receive will object to it.
That the measure is both just and eco
nomical is certain. The liberation of the
slave is the destruction cf property ao
quired by descent or purchase, the same
as any othsr property.
It is no less true . for having been often
said, that the people of the South are no
more responsible for the introduction of
this property than are the people of the
North ; and when it is remembered how
unhesitatingly we all use cotton and su
gar, and share the profits of dealing in
them, it may not be quite safe to say lhat
the South has been more responsible than
the-North for its continuance. If, the a,
for a common. object, this property is to
be sacrificed, is it not just that it be do:io
at a common charge ? And if with less
money, or money more easily paid, vre;
can preserve the benefits ot the Union
by this means, than we can by the war
alone, is it not economical. to do it ?
AN ECONOMICAL. VIEW.
! Let us consider it, then ; let us ascer
tain the sum we have expended on the
war since compensated emancipate n'was
proposed last March, and consider wheth
er, if that measure had been promptly
accepted by even some of the slave States,
the same sum would not have done more
to close the war than has been otherwise
done. If 0, the measure would save
money ; -and in that view would be a pru
dent and economical measure, certainly.
It is not so easy to pay something as it
is to pay nothing, but it is easier to pay
v. large sum than a larger one."
The ajrreerate sum necessary for com
pensated emancipation of course would be
large, but.it would require no ready rash
nor bonds any faster than the emancipa
tion progresses.
SHARING THE BURDEN WITII POSTERITY.
; This might not and probably would
not close before the end of the thirty
seventh year. At that time wo shall
probably have 100,000,000 people to
hare the burden instead of 31,000,000
as now, and not only so, but the increase
of our population may be expected to con
tinue for a long time after that period as
rapidly as before, because our territories
will not have become full. I do not state
this inconsiderately. At the same ratio
of increase which we have maintained on
an average from our first national census
in 1790 until 1S60, we should in 1900
have a population of 103,203,415, and
why may we not continue the ratio far
beyond that period ?
OUR TERRITORY.
Our abundant rocm, cur broad national
homestead, is an ample resource. Were
our territory as limited as are the British
isles, certainly cur population could not
expand as stated. Iustead of receiving
the foreign born as now, we should be
compelled to send part cf the native born
away; but such is not our condition. We
have 2.63,000 of square miles. Europe
has J,fc0'J,000 of-square miles, with a
population averaging 73 1-3 persons to
the square mile. Why may cot our
country at soma time average as many ?
Is it less fertile ? Has it more waste
surface by moiuuains, rivers, lakes, des
erts and other causes ? Is it inferior to
Europe in any natural advantage ?
PROSPECTIVE GROWTH IN POPULATION
If then we are at some time to be as
populous as Eurcpe, how socn? As tc
when tins may be, we can judge by the
past and present ; when it will be, de
pends much on whether we maintain the
Luion. Several of our States are above
the average of European population, of
73 1-3 to the square mile. :Iassacnu
setts has 157, lined e Inland lo3. New
York and New Jersey each SO, and also
1 two ether great States, Pennsylvania and
and Ohio, are not far below, the former
having 63 and the latter 50. The States
already above the Eurcpean average, ex
cept New York, have increased in as
rapid a ratio siuee passing that point as
ever before, while no 0113 of them is
equal to some other parts of our country
in natural capacity for sustaining a dense
population. Taking the ratio in th-3 ag
gregate we find its population and ratio
of increase for the several decimal peri
ods as follows :
RATIOS OF INCREASE,
l'of ul.itioa.
3.t2y,S2'J
...... 5,.l;i j. 7. 7
Years.
17'JJ..
1300..
1810'-.
1620.-
Rates
s V"
Utl.i).
7.2.V.I.3LI
t).;ws,i:;i
3,4.
K'.J 12.Stii0iV)
181) l.O-tO.lj.'t
ISiU 2.5,1 '.:'. 7l
16 JO.- 3t,4JJ,700
3'i. 10
3J 07
I!j.7
3t.oi
This shows an average "decennial in
crease of 34 C0-1Q0 per cent in popula
tion through the seventy years from our
first to our last census laken.
It is seen that the ratio of increase at
no one of these seven periods is either
two per cent below or two per cent above
the average. Thus showing how luflex
ibba and consequently how reliable the
law of increase is. Assuming that it
will continue, it gives the following re
sult :
RATIOS CARRIED FORWARD.
Ycirs.
1S70
1S.S0...
IstO
10! 0
1910 ...
il)20
1J30
Population.
M.'jiifl 2:S
7!),'i77,72
10.-1.2DS.-1I5
133.UlS,52i
13-V9-S 1,335
251,630,014
These figures show our country may be
as populous as Europe at some point be
tween 1920 and 1930, say about 1025.
Our territory, at 73 1-3 to the square
mile, being of capacity to contain 217.
186,331. This future we relinquish by
the folly and evils of disunion, or by long
exhausting war springing from the only
great element of discord among us, while
it cannot be foreseen exactly how much
our huge example of Secession, bringing
lessor ones, would indefinitely retard
population, civilization " ar.d rcspcrify,
bj on? can doubt that the extent of it
would be very great and injurious.
THE BLESSINGS OF INDEPENDENCE.
The proposed emancipation would shor
ten ibis war, perpetuate peace, insure
the increase m population, and proportion-ably
the increase in the wealth of the
country. With this we should pay all
lhat emancipation would cosi, without our
other debts, easier than we should pay
our other debts, without it.
A COMPARISON.
If we had allowed our old national debt
to run at 6 per cent, per annum, simple
interest, from the end cf our revolution
ary struggle till to-day, without paying
anything, either principle or interest,
each man of us would owe less upon that
debt now than each man ow?d upon it
then, atid thus because our increase of
men through the whole period has been
greate? than 6 per cent., and has run fast
er than the interest upon the debt.
- " THE COMPENSATION OF TIME.
Thus time- alone relieves a nation's
debt, so long as its population increases
faster than ut paid interest accumulates
on its debt. This fact would 'be no ex
cuse for delaying the pavm-unt of what is
justly due, bdt ii shows the great impor
tance of tizn3 m this connection, and the
great advantage of a policy by which we
shall cot have to pay until we number
100.C0O.OS0, what by a dhTerent policy
we, would have to have now when the
number is 31,000,000. In a word, it
shows that a dollar will be much harder
to pay for the war than a dollar for em
ancipation on the proposed plan, and then
the latter will cost no blood, no precious
life. It will be a saving of both.
OF THE RETURN OF FUGITIVES.
As to the second article I think it would
be impracticable to return to bondage the
class of persons therein contemplated.
Some of them, doubtless, in the property
sense, belong to loyal owners, and hence
provision is made in this article for com
pensating such.
THE FUTURE OE THE FREEDMEN.
The third article relates to the future
of the freed people. It does not oblige
but merely authorizes Congress to aid in
colonizing such as may consent. This
ought not to he regarded as objectionable,
on the one hftnd or the other, inasmuch
as it comes to nought unless by mutual
by mutual consent of the people to be de
ported and the American vcors through
their representatives in Congress.
THE PRESIDENT FAVORS COLONIZATION.
I. cannot make it better known than it
already is, that I strongly favor coloniza.
lion, and yet I wish to say that thereis
an objection against the colored persons
remaining in the country, which is large
ly imaginary, if not sometimes malicious.
U is insisted that their presence would
injure and displace white labor and white
laborers. If there evor could be a time
for mere arguments that time surely is
not now. Iu times like the present, men
should utter nothing for which they would
not willingly be responsible through time
and eternity. -
A HUMANE VIEW.
Is it true, then, that the colored people
can displace any more white labor by
being free than by remaining slave ? If
they stay in their own. places, they jostle
no white laborers. If they leave their
old places, they leave them open to white
laborers. Logically, there is neither
more nor less of it.
EMANCIPATION WOULD ENHANCE WHITE
LABOR.
Emancipation, even without deporta
tion, would probably enhance the wages
of white labor, ai.d, vere surely,
would not reduce thm. Thu3 the cus
tomary amount of labor wauld still have
to be performed. The freed people would
surely not do more than their old propor
tion of it, and very probably for a time,
would not do so well, leaving an increased
part to white Jaborers bringing their
labor into greater demand, and conse
quently enhancing the value of it. With
deportation, even to a limited extent,
enhancing white labor is mathematically
certain. Labor is like any other com
modity in the market. Increase the de
mand for it, and you increase the price
of it.
Reduce the supply of black labor by
colonizing the black laborer out of the
country, and, by precisely so much, you
will iucrease the demand for waares for
white labor.
A. BUGBEAR EXPOSED.
But it i.j dreaded that the freed people
will swarm forth and cover the whole
land. Will liberation ma'ie them auv
more numerous? Equally distributed
among trie whites ct the whol-j country.
and there wouid be but one colored to
seven whites. Could the one in any way
greatly disturb the seven ? There are
many communities now having more than
one free colored person to seven whites,
and this without any apparently conscious
ness of evil from it. The District of
Columbia,and the. States of Maryland
and Delaware are all in this condition.
The District has more than cne free
colored to six whites, and yet in its fre
quent petitions to Congress, I believe it
has never presented the presence of free
colored p(?rsons as one of its grievences.
WHY SHOULD
But why should
THEY GO NORTH,
emancipation in the
South send the fred people' North.
People of any color seldom run unless
their is something to run for. Hereto
fore colored people have fljd North, to
some extent, from bondage, and now
perhaps from both bondage and deatitu-
tion; but if gradual emancipation and
deportation be adopted, they will have
neither to flee from. Their own masters
will give them wages, at least till new
laborers can. be procured, and the freed
men in turn will gladly give -their lab.ir
for wages, till new homes can be" found
for them in congenial climes, and. with
people cf their own blood and' race.
This proposition can be trusted on tin1
mutual interests involved, and iu any
event, cannot the North decide for itseil
whether to receive them ?
Again, as practice proves more than
theory in any ca;e, has irijre been any
eruption northward because of the abol
ishment of s'avi ry in the District of Co
lumbia last spring? What I said of the
proportion of free colored persons to the
whites ia the District of Columbia is
from the census of lSHO, having no ref
erence to persons called contrabands, nor
to those made free by this act of Con
gress abolishing slavery here.
THE WAR WILL WAIT FOR NOTHING.
The plan consisting of tha articles is
recommended, not but a restoration of
the national authority would be accepted
without its adoption, nor wiil the war or
proceeding under the proclamation of
September 22d, 1S62, be stayed bscause
of the recommendation of his plan. Its
timely adoption, I doubt not, would bring
restoration, and thereby stay both, and,
notwithstanding this plan, the recommen
dation lhat Congress provides by law for
compensating any State that may adopt
tne emancipation act before lhs plan
shall have teen acted upon, is hereby
earnestly renewed. Such would only be
an advance part of ihe plan, and the
same arguments apply to both. This
plan is recemmended as a means not in
conclusion of, but in addition to all oth
ers for restoring and preserving the na
tional authority throughout the Union.
Tne subject is presented exclusely in
its economical aspect. This plan would,
I ain confident, secure peace more speed
ily than can be done by force alone, while
it would cot less, cnsidirimr amounts
and manner cf 'ravment and. times of
payment, and the amounts would be ea
sier paid than will be the additircal cost
of the war if we rely solely upun force.
It is -most likely that it would cost no
blood at all.
Ihe plan is proposed as permanent
constitutional law. It cannot become
such without the concurrence, fust, of
two-thirds of Congress, and afterwards
three-fourths of the States. Tb.3 requi
site three-quarters of the States will
necessarily include seven of the slave
States. If obtained,, it will give assu
rance to their severally adopting eman
cipation at no distant day oa tne new
eonstituticnal terms. This assurance
would end the struggle now and save the
Union forever.
I do hot forget the gravity of a piper
addressed to ihe Congress of a natitn by
the Chief Magistrate of a nation, nor do
I forget that some few of my seniors, or
that many of you have more experience
than I in the condut of public affairs.
Yet I trust that in viewcf the great
responsibility resting upon me, you will
perceive no want of respect to yourjolves
in any undua earnestness I may seem to
display.
' Is it doubted then that the plan I pro
pose, if adopted, will shorten the war,
and thus lessen its expenditure of money
and blood ? Is it doubted that it would
restore ' the national prosperity and per
petuate both indefinitely.?
Is it doubted that if we here, Congress
and Executive, can secure its adoption,
the good people -will respond to . a united
and earnest appeal from U3 ?
Can we, can they by any other means
so certainly and so speedily assure these
yital objects ? We can succeed only by
concert. It is not, can any of us imagine
better, but otill the question recurs, can
we do better ?
The dogmas of the quiet past are in
adequate to the stormy present. The
occasion is piled high with difficulty, ar d
and we must rise u:ih the occasion. As
our cause is n-w, so we must think and
id anew; we must disenthrall ourselves
and th-u we shall save our country.
Fellow-citizens: We cannot escape
history. We of this Congress will be
jemembered in spite of ourselves. Nj
personal significance or insignificance
can spare one or another of us. The
fiery trial through which we pass will
light us down in honor or dishonor to the
last generation. We say we are for the
Union., The world will cot forget that
while we say this we know how o save
the Union. The world knows we do know
how to save. We, even we, hold the
power and bear tbe responsibility.
In giving freedom to the slave we in
sure freedom to the free. Honorable
alike in what we give and what we pre
serve, we shall nobly save or meanly lose
the last best hope of the earth.
Oiher means may succeed, thi3 could
not fail. The way is plain, p-aceful, gen
erous and just; a way which, if followed,
the world will applaud, and God must
forever bless.
. ABRAHAM LINCOLN.
Washington, Doc. 1st. 1S62.
XEW ADVERTISEMEXS.
looii out ron tii;
!t.?ll? A 'f V$ 7
a Cta
NEW GOODS ARE COZZHIG !
AND
WVA be Sold Cheap for
CASH OK PEODUCE
The7 Consist of a Largs Assortment of
BOOTS AND SHOES,
HATS AXD CAI'S,
LADIES' HOODS,
DEY GOODS,
HOOP SKIRTS, X0TI0XS,
CLOTHING. IIOSIEHY,
DRAWERS, OVERSHIRTS,
GROCERIES,
HARDWARE, QUEEXSWARE,
WHISKS', VIJJEGA2, BRANDY, III ON,
NAIL 3, BOORS. SASH, PAINTS,
OILS, AND OLA5S.
mm, imh km Iliad,
ror Tliicli lhc IIIs:5iesl I'rlcc ivIH
he raid at
DEN'S STOKE ! !
LADIES,
Vive lour Il.Vr;s, a::J Den will take
Tliem ia KxeJian: fur CioJ.
MY TSRIv'S ARE,
SHALL PROFITS. QUICIC SAL33. AND
NO CH3DIT.
December 13th, 11C2. W. T. DEX.
STa.VY COLT.
The undersigned, livinj near X?maha Citr. fcas tt-
kn up atr .yl rse Colt, twj reari oltl ttie ohuuu
spritu. It is a dark irvn grey, witia a whie f-p-'' i' i-a
fjreii-id T. li. SKKE.V.
Dc;eiiiber lsl, 15C2. i J-'-3-$l 0
G0DEY S LADY'S BOOK FOR 1SC3.
Great Literary acd Pictorial Y'cJr.
Ladie3 Hag-azire in the Vorld, and tha Cleapcsi
Tbe puMisher of Oxlcy's La'ly's Book has riade an
arra.inf uif ui w.tli tbe moot pvpular autiiorebi ia tbiS
coumy
MARION IIARI.AXD,
who will iirT)i.-.t. a t. ry f r eveiy number of ihe Lady's
Bk for 1S63. Marion IlarlaLd wrne f.r no tther
publication. Our other ftvorite writers will all con
tinue to I Uiuisli articles throughout the year.
TZB1IS CASH IN ADVANCE.
One copy one year.! $3. Two c pies one year, $5. Three
o pies one year, Four copies one year $7.
rive copies one year, and an extra cjpy to the person
sending the club, $10.
Eight copies oue year, and an extra copy to tbe person
sendm-; the :lub. $15.
Eleven coj.it s ,i,e y-;ir, and an extra cpy to the person
geniJimr h? clui.
And the i.nly cias.iine l!;at can r e inirMiicel nf . tie
cbov riutain place oi tne Wy's Uwt ii Arthur"
limine .M.ijziije.
Sftcicl Clubbing w:t other 2Iajazir.ei.
Godey's Lady's B h.k and Arvh ar'a Hoia.j ilaiizine both
one ye;r for $3 50.
Gm'ey s Ll 'a book and Harper's Jfagazine bjth oce
year f.,r $.1 Hi.
G .-dcy, H.iipir, a.Tl Ar't-jrwill all three Uo Ent olo
tcjt, on rt'-.-it't of S 0 i.
Treasury Xtea auU Xjt.es of all solvent ban taken
Be care fv.T and pay tbe pc-tac ronr letir.
Ad'l.-'4 . i A. ()!) ?Y.
SiJ C'lcs-nut Sired. IkilaJe.pUa, Pa.
. i A. .
a . j
nZTOLV
L.st on (!.e T..i
; i'- ' ' I f vt ois 11.-. -iviHe at d
ItV Xjvy Kevi lTcr," and iCju.'i
Grayfihawl. Any -ue retnriiiii; thosit t J. 3ci ry U
Co., ISr-.vnville, w.u rc eive tli.'atwvfc reaard.
browiivi.l. L.ve:u'uer 6ta, lj6i. nCl-4w
Tv.o i:s'r:iAY i;u;;s!;s.
Taken np ty the un!erPiu'l. l.viru naar Lons's
Bridce.pn the Xcniaha K.ver, nine mih wct ot B.-vWii-Tille.
rXem-iha conaiy, Xeb.-a-ta, i:n lbs ii!.y "f
XTmr, lyyJ, one Sot re 1 liot-e. with white hairs -d
ih p-nntof his bi;.-, with Kud.o and coil. ir tiur'a.
ri.'ht biiii! Xoov whi;. .iut t-a-e.ve or ilrtrts.i r a oit i
al.-o "me Sorrel II rse w j Ji wU.'.e t.ive, ai o and
iar mirKs, a :h hlniiewt wbi:o, n-niei -lin x,ui
uin or tea yoars o!d tiiXJ Aia.'- "
Jvecember o.ti itsj.
18 piaumsr. ani, . - - iil v
'ip,,n ar.d will. , the 1 1 h r v X.
tbe hour, aiOo'ci?'"!--C; :,
. Lui u. aucii.tn, m .... , u ' . .
the follow dnbe.l re,' 1'? .V,' , '
est carter ,f the Jrl
teen.eait.il -, '
tfce highest bi,i.!-, riv;-"y, x.;
ro-nvi,ie, in u . .; ':' 'fi,t
C-jnrt j( Ug
By W.
l;e id
:-JCaty,
r .
December 6:U, ' ie'';7.
la r.urvm!C9 r,fx ,i .
tri,tWiaai (7:;
J.- l?ly Ure r.,rtr.Jei: ,:
front of Den's lltf.
beinz the r.Iat-e L
oTur formal to the h:
luwin- described i.remiV, .U'1'r"''
Ot t .
south ,n garter. in
raT,9 la, endt of the sixth n, l'5 '
tjiDin- ei3htj a,re, in ,J !
.iermorj. ; V,"-;.
.VoveiuW 22,1352. ir
THE RIT.AL AMFli
A COXCOKD GK.m: Vtf i .
tsi;:;;;r::'it:r
I am n.w l-s iinj i
cu i i i.r j i urn H-. W'-i-ii: i,
in rtu a X. V. I; wi!
'f ICu fll il?h, -I :! v-w
a ei', or . l. vrnlj-ri-"
cm
will l;e f i ,-vtry hi !.-.,
ir m. r i ; ..r tv , i,., , . ' '
j.,iy one d 'l jr.
T-e Kiira; American U.'o -.f.
S'l'.jovis, iji t, .,; if '
Simk raiser r.ni(--r (J,,
c. ia the I Hiio-i sr..ti. I "
tie eiitiie c. i,r;:iy. ;i t,e f .n.rV-
Farmer, nn'.-le lo-li r 4 it - "'
...... u..,, - l-.:up-:ic r. u .r, a. t
'1 i..
an ! Iruu-Sf jwer. I hw ; )., l',':'T"' -'-U
diitribuie tree. Tin.-. t - !,"'''
U.i.s country. It ri;,eu- m '
icutrieihe quantity .f frt.it .r
four je.rs .ld wil, ..'i-ne-j: y pr-.n-Je'.'
LOCAL Af;7s"7AN:;j
I want li.-a! d2P!;N in rvcrv t. ,
Premium n I cn.i.uvr.i,, e (v
Sena fir s imple Curies ia.ui'La a- "'t?
all. Address
C. in nn. ,
i:sr;i.vv
Taken up on the premi-e f u,t -r,-nix
cii.es cu;n wy t i f n-o-uvi:. j'j
Xebraki. t n tbe 17.h .., ...f X e "
fcteer. one jtar ulu Uol m,cr- p '.l
Uinieii.it in lert. .MJi .
Bruwuville, X-vemb- 2ih. lSi
i Hi n t;;el.! n:iu
iOOJ S'JiiJinl PeirT.ees tureen
$20 per buimreU. c.ti.
T2:
tO.'QO Law tun B!4rkl-r-i. tt--6
tKO lln ls'in River K -p'cr-i ,i $
6,l0( Al'i'ii'tt Ras.it e: i y t: $s p.-k
$5 per ibuu-iii'l.
10 Karl? St arlet S'rswbery. $' v 1
10,0 t Bluk Prim ? Jrrawl-vrrv . I )
TO.OO ) omC" Wil:..w C'i mvs.'at : ,V i
50,U0U Oraycr biK Ti-t.!r Will,.,,,,: , i
0.ie - 'Vi- w ti e.. I
Xemafia Nurtrr i. Tflu Vu.V f '
S-jrat uie P. P., utut U.u, v t
November 23 h. lSOJ. ,
" 1
THE SOIL OF SEittw!
BY TIIOSIFcOi; SITU2,
I RAISING "
GARDEX, FIELD, il-RGnl: ;
To MercLasi, ?:.-. t a l'aFwI.:!
It is ceta:n!y ynr in:--;; t l-i
lkiml-. srrowii u tie s- .I at w. v. t
tere.i t ec eeU i. I u .. ii.t. i '
and triie to n,init. ' lr i- t.P y u. i.. re-. . i
u i:i.:ea l if re eiviu-r to u i.-u j - j
tltt tbtt hjve ItiPU p.l l.v-ii a ...!: '.-. .
tu y -u. iu;erei to -xivti m .u o :. ;
snnieut of (iar len .mJ Kl--we- ei--! .... - '
v Lich 9 snpiy your cu o ;ie. i. tui -v. '
$i,o.'8ile ;
OTtM'y' CeU'briU-d .arl il.'a! S--
. hcl t'.itib:i:e.
G-re,' .ry's C lebrat! tune Jl-sa Cw-.H
Lai re Karly Kfd
larie L.i 6 Uiuiulifad
Lartf l.irt
Eearly Y.vi
7 Va. it tit uf Letfuce ee-1.
6 i j Pf i -"lo
5 da Oi" -n. d-
3 d Rtii !i Jo
4 do JJ-ei d-
2 d.j Pariii? oo
2 do C.i. r oi !
12 do Wdiernie:.)ii 5?el
ti do 31 u ki;ii:ii tl
4 do 'T .iii.i o io
4 do Tu.ui?
3 do Caciinifer 1
3 do bveei C --'a uo
I'warf B"in Cufn
.eoria W'u::e SUiJir CjTio !
Q .-jtui jti Cu.i.'-e io i'
Pui e .a f :k'.,h luK kre
Gret 6 iiii.-li a - e e.n ! C .. .j
i'.-iii.e ucul .u ltrI I '0 .c v
.''ii.. i
li i- an i il '
Wi ' ii" i-
J irj . j 1 1 : -
P.jr he l '"
JijiTyla ! U-n-l f.oif J '
Auu nit? 60 o.ie1' i.i-- '
n.owj.i: si.:
P T. i l ( r I j e- ';
K ir.iei. U c I) in 'i
t t li .Vl' , l!. ! k pr I 4
i-l. a I ! dii i i-er aii'l 1 iie'e d
e i
1 1 - e ii-i A tia 'hi i.- Je.-i '"-'
l e-e ai"l ein t'i1- Uirl- " 1
around. Tne li '.;! I or n
cam 4ii I t.iniioii o' bui.i-. in " " "
ha.t. h M.iiie-t e jm1 - li" "J 1 "'
attract i. ua ui ih.i uf.e '-ei h "' ' '";
beauiiru , i.tui p -ft. A im.i ' M
er- tau iic-vvi t-e ca: i t r' " '
grae tlt.it pjSs ta tii- if t, a
atc; they a.-e embifin i ' 1'- tf J
iiii( iii.e5 aii'l hi r. i-p i i ' .. ,
Ij iiili- !,! rp.uir 10 ill? K rm'r "
ser " onre npy.'Ur I.ie I.
flower etdj iea .y Ij: riii. p Jfl
i.l a.
I a lowm ;
Jpju f.i.li. 4 kiudd,
t(M..i b P.nit.
E it'i-i. P-
li i c i i" .
i.o." i " I'
t'it-ol.l--' .
liii:.ei ii"
1) mo e I "
R.j ' ''
D.-.bie "';l'
Ci ne... !) "''"'
Pic--tee Pink.
Caroiuti iii P.nk,
Swwt Willi am--, 8 tied,
Vei be. i a,
Pln.x.
C. eep?rs. 8 kin-Is,
Cel iMi C it t
K.iria.i'.iK r"..-wef,
l r.l ... o.. II 11 ..11. or rtr. fl ,fr f-'f
Xovenior 23 u. lb6Z.
JUST Hi TIME T&
tobacco CWj
Sonil thru rent iw . ftVc '.in;r "
ToturctiSe- ftr.ifis
Xov. 29 h. I rti.
Merchant! and Pot Mai'e n w' ;
fall, will be M-.ppued w U. G ?' :1- t :'
Sccd- to -ell on c-. ..i;i.i--i n it ti r - '
are all grown bete at! I " " "e
TII.lM Nl - "
Aug. 15
Ai.5-F..b. t-'
LAND SA1
Br anth'Tify " l'i -e- i r " . '
the fner! I. i: H rl ,
to rfce h -1 C.-t ..i Vr. at !..;:
cn t:-el'Vhor J-nua.-y, ua
Ian-:s, viz.:
Tbe South weat quarter i
15. eu?t.
TL. trct o.' la 1 1 c "f ' " '
ti .11 Ii'. t., -n 1. r H e.: '
V.-e-t ta.t iiouth w fi i- -' --
14, e.isr.
Xorth e-t -jnirter
Xorih we" 1 .art." fr"c '
Soii'.h we-t ni.irlcr;piii
X'.rth e.. .t (,-' u ter of
. t ' ;
towns. Tai.-? 10. ft -,.--S
..ub west r, tarte' "t I tti..
f st ij iarte.' ot ' - "i"'
ran -re 10. . , ,
Ihe a.v.Te tsnd e- '
sale, aud the eut: jr ba'
rr"
s. n. am"
Recover.
i mm 0