r
! I
5
f
' , i 'v.,
gVERT SATURDAY BT
& HACKER,
Uer' Block. Main Street,
Story 5tn
' vriLLE. N. T.
3 & t X
ER
..Z, in .dvance, - - - -
' " ' : 4 T I II f nuu V
s oo
..... htil at il 60 rer
Tb accomvanieatbe order, not
LElTl0EYEE&R0ilSON,
n n c n r
Hboots and shoes,?
tI1ttrlBTAXDI
i. T.
rlVl tlflS"
r.nrrri'e1 the Shr Shop rormerlj
' jr....r B..rk ril.
ye -insTiufacture U that ere offer
IT
..... T !"
rt wrrau:ei.
" f.nt ST. l-
lie Mr'
LECTICA PHYSICIAN
I gUR-GEON,
XEIillASKA.
. 1 3 Tburnian'a
Drutc Store, M'rittny'i
6-i.43-lr
iet.
'U'GCSTUS SCIIOENHEIT, .
TTOBNBY AT LAW;
loLICITORSATN CHANCERY,
Carner 'First and Mam oireeis.
owning
. . - cIuiisUa
W. THOMAS,
!ATTORNEYdAT LAW,
?LICII0R IN CHANCERY.
I (K5 ec .mcr of Maiu and Fl est Streets.
Wl)vyVILLE. NEBRASKA.
fTT"f HOMAS DAVIS,
rLECTIC PHYSICIAN
,W A SO
LsUKGEON,
hBLE HOCK XEDUASKA
! fceference, L)r. D
Gwin, Brownrille.
j LEWIS WALDTER,
blSE. SIGX AND ORNAMENTAL
HilZER AND PAPER UANGER.
j BROW XVI LLE, X. T
E. 1MOODT & SON,
IAGARY NURSERIES,
I LOCK POUT, N. Y..
Vtolesoie and Retail Dealers in Fruit,
Siit and Ornamental Trees,
j AND SHRUBS AND
iTOCKS l'Ull SlItSEUlME.
. DR. D. GWIN,
flarinz ierna:irient'y Located near
;R0VNV1LLE, NEBRASKA,
r the practice of Medicine and Surgery, ten
i hi )rofes!tionl aervice to the afBicted.
5oe one mile outh of Uiwn, n the old Nixon
t. '-.'-
DDKS, VATCHES, JEWELRY.
J. SCIIUTZ
Wonld nnouncew theiitlaene of Brawnville
... . ..;..initr tv,t h ha located himself in
qnviilp undintendkecDinfi a full assort
0tevervtbinKo his lineof bns.ncse.. which will
..iif.,'rfi,h. He will alwodo all kinds of re-
t rofinrts. walche and jewelry. All work war-
M. vSnl8ly
0 THE AFFLICTED.
1 DR. A. GODFRFA',
HYS1CIAN, SURGEON
j ASD
3BST E T R 1 C I A N ,
hf,K in France, hsv'imt twenty-five yer epe
MntT)c Medic" cietu-e and vtie of the orrep-.ti-I
..t the -American. j-.nmilf the Medical S ten
fbiM.Kated periiinn ly in Brownviile. and le
I aliy tender In rresi.nal services to the cu
'i'thu ci;y and vicini'y
- Uti.t oi.fltiehti.erviceB to common practice
:fn.i them to rhr..mc tieasef diseases ft lnu
Ks-!l:nrnant Tunt.r and S.re- Ah-cee and
r Cancer at i & Kyea. even prli! Blindne,
H- cmmonly talleH Kallins Scknes.
l'u Dpepy. Consumption in tbe ri and
ti:e, lnafiitv in s. me forms and lieases or
kind. PrfrtK-ular attention pailtoA?ut.
ir rpqi'csted pi e reterenrc to tn.e p-o-IfXlmu'wbie
talbe United States, and afterward
' by Inni. ,
Mv b found at all hour, either at 1. If., Maun s
S:rf, r at b dwelliu noue, wben uoi eniiei
Mu,ua. buueti. uoy-ly
i
irf-'
t V m c a n
E E
f j . iMPOkTER AXO DEALER I If
0N,..STEEL, NAILS,
MINGS, SPRINGS, AXLES, FILE
IT 33 22 3j X O -W X3 ,
Lac ksm ixirs tools
NnO: Hubs, Spokes, and Bent Stuff.
VINT -JOSEPH MO.
k V5
?hs-'"-" "eieiisai si. ti"ii vr.i.
retnber I.lW9. If.
"iRnest trice ftuaiorDcrspiruu.
J. WILSON BOLLINGER,
k
COUNSELLOR0 AT LAW,
acral and CoIIcclinjf Agent.
JhTuICK, - GALL CO., NEBRASKA.
:i t . : k..tr 1 t'nnrt in (iaire and
t;t. I "'"JCCoontte, and vill give prompt attention
I, il'busiiieTitrustHl tohim. Collections prompt-
..t I "" l ; H.; . I. H.'O o.. - -rr
'.,(Mf. f3?" articular attention jnven to locat
' ; I Jtd Warrants oq lands carefully selected by
ilAbenber25.,l. n12-jly
! 1
COM'F.SSIOXS AI1 I'Alat.IU
KXCK OF A SUFFEKEU.
Wished as a warning, and for the eM'"! bene
Youtl' Men and those who suffer with Nervous
I 'ty,L..s8 of Mtinory, rrcmaturr uecay,cc .
1 f those who has curri tiuielf bj Bitnj.le
! -. . " : . . r .
i A ifter boin rmt to rreat eKifne and Itieon-
through tho use of worthless medicine?
XI
ni uy icHmru iorior.
""Weopies in sy bo bad of the author, C. A
EKT.Lsn.. (jreen point. Ixnir Iland,by enclos
ftot-iKiaJ addresed - envelope. Address
in . .
.t A
l.X. Y
LAMliEKT, Esq., Ureeaint, Long
K ' -
ifif2T, ISA?
r . . ' :
n46-2m.
j rm-t
f H riAsint;, x.
- ii ' f 0(1 t0 "PPliPanls who enclose tamp, tbelf
I -tt'j c'tl-pe of Small Fruits, inclndlne i Select
V"e Strtrrie. Ali CataUue of Biilb u
i'v
b1 fiowerrnt Plants, Seed. -.
00
ladt
J3 f tbe most fevere BATTLE SCESES and
'X. ,ent "f the War, now ready, sixe 183ff iDchef
A t . I ''JWed.!! fine hearT naoer. Sent post-paid
t "flKOft, or$4 per 100. To arentaand the trade
. j y opportunity was ever offered.
- i ftoKY B. AXSOX,PriDt Pabliiher, Jtt
1
VOL. VII.
JOHN L CARSON
(Surce8or to Luhbaugh & Carton.
LAND AND TAX PAYING
Dealer in Coin, Uncarrent Money, Land
Warrants, Exchange,' and Gold Bust
MAIN STKKKT.
DROWXVILLL, .XI!HASILA.
1 will give epecial attention tobnyine and nellinK ex
r:tiatice on the prlucir.al citici vt the United Siaiexand
Kuri pe. tod - biiver. - witcnrreot lUuk IS1H8, and
(;!1 Dust, Col leciiosih made u ail accosable i( iui,
and proceeds reniiitcd in exchange at current tales.
Dcpotiita received on enrrent account, aud intercut al
lowed u special depowt.
OFFICE,
31 417. STREET, HKTU CCX THE
Telegraph and the U. S.
Eand unices.
REFERENCES:
Lind k. Brother Pbiide!plila, Pa.
J. W. Carhon it Co., "
Hiser. Ii k i Co. Baltimore, Md.
Tunir K Carson, ...
Je. VU'rnroM Mason, Col'r of Port,
wm. T. ttiiiilUc "ii, fcsi., Unspr,
J. T. Slovens. Esq., Att'y at Law.
Jim. 8. ailaher, ate 3i Aud. U. S.
Tar lor S. Kriezh, Baukera,
McClelland' le Co.,
lt.m. Thomas" G. Pratt,
VIOII. J4 t. T!M)n.
F. B. Suili. K-i., Pren't S. Bank,
C l. Gt-o. S(hlfy. A y at Law,
Cvi. Squi ll uiii.let.ju AU'y at Law,
Jud;c Thos. Pei ry,
Trof. ll.-Tuiwller,
Wasbingtor D.C.
T.
Chicago, III.
St. Louis. 1T'..
AmiMp.iliK, Mi.
5li-erbnrrPa
Bdgertnu, Aid.
.
Exston, Md.
Cnniberljnd, ild
Havana. AUbma.
Nov 8, isco-tr.;
BROWNViLI.E
THOP.Nj COLMATlj CO.,
Announce to the traveling public that their splendid
and commodious Steam Ferry runuinsacrot.it from
Brcwnviile, S Nebraska.
it one of the bet in every respect on the Upper Mis
souri river. The Boat niake-t regular trip every hour
sothat no time will be l"tin waiting.
Tbe bank on both side of the river are low and weK
traded which renders unloading unueccesary as is the
case at tuot other ferrie.
No fer-need be entertained as to difficulties atornear
this crot-sinp, as everybody in this region, on both sides
or the river, is for the Tnion the stronce-t kind.
Our charges too an Item thee hard times are lower
than at any other noting.
Travelers from Kansas to Iowa and to the east will find
this the nearest and bet route i" every respect.
THORN. COLEMAN & CO.
Brownville, Nebraska, Sept. 21t, 1S6J.
L4NDRETHS "
Warranted Garden Seeds
BLUNDEN, KOENIG & CO.,
, ' ' (Late Johk Gaiikett &. Co.,)
Ko. 6 Korth Second Street, above Pine,
' BT. OUIS, MO.
Offer for sale t very low fipnres. a large end wel
assorted stk ..f Agricultural and n.rticultiiral Imple
ment, comprising everytuing netary to the Farmer,
together with a large and fresh ni ply of
Landrelh's Celebrated Garden Seeds,
CROP OF 1S61,
For which they are the oie agents. Tbcir friends can
rely tiH.n gettinit frm ibetu t-eeds that are not'til
pure bnt true tj name ir. every intnce. Also fljld
eeds at lowest market rates Chinese Sugar Cane seed.
Tobaco. edt Top Unions &.c, . &C. Dealers In heeds
would do weil to .-end tbein their orders.
Seud for Almanac aud Illustrated Catalogue gratis.
BLl'NDKN, KOKMti ifc Cf
March 6, 1862. n36 ly
To Western Farmers.
Totoacoo Soocl.
1 havofeTjral varieties of Tob-tcco that will ripen
well in this latitude. To any one who wihe88cd.
atid rcmusmea thrt-e-cent l'ttaje stamp, on the
sn. I will Bend a paper of each varittj of aeed
UUATIS. , , .
Or.lr miit be eent in th mr-nths if ejiember
rul ).!.. l..-r. I do this to introuQie tho culture of
T.b icco in the West.
Addreas R. 0. TnOMPSOX,
2racu?e. Oloe County, Ncbrajka.
P. S. Taperi in Misw.iui, Iowa, Kansaa and Ne
braska, publishing tho above once, aud sending No.
marked .will receive twentj lour pper hoi flow
er ds f re bv nail. . K. . THOMI'SOX.
PIKES' PEAK GOLD !
I win receive Pike's Peak Gold, and advance
raonev anon the same, and pay over balance of proccedi.
asoonaltini returns are had. In all cases. 1 wi
exhibit the printed returns of the United States Vm
ar Assay office.
JNO. L. CARSON,
BULLION AND EXCHANGE BROKER
BROWNVILLX. NEBRASKA.
no20v4
JACOB MARH0N ,
MERCHANT TAILOR,
BROWN VILLE,
Call the attention of Reutlemen dedniig new, neat.
ervicable aud fahionble
WEARING APPAREL,
TO II IS
New Stock of Goods
JUST RECKIVED,
BROAD CLOTHS. CASS1.VKRS. VKST1NGS &C..&C
OF THE TCItV L 4TCTT STI I.KS
Wbu he will sell or make op, to order, at uuprece
Th .e wishmf any thing in bis line will do m ell to
can aud exmiue hi tock be ore inveiug. as be
pledge bim.elf f bold out peculiarly favor ble in
.Uma.1 Inw tk r . r A a
ducement.-
Febroay ISth. 18I. .
REAL ESTATE
AND
Collection Office
OF
SedLforci,
Miin. B'Jireen Lemt and First Streets.
Particular attention Riven to the
Purchase and Sale ot Kcal
Estate, fllaklngr t,oi
irrfioniB and
Payment of Taxes lor Xon-Rcsl-dentfl.
LAND "WARRANTS FOU SALK.for cash and on
LjiXD WARRANTS LOCATED fo Eastern Osp
H,.lts.on lands selected from personal exannnatioiu
rtnd complete Township Map, showing Mream?,
. . ... r 1 ..A .ltd t)i pArtii'ilM nf llMSII-
limOtr. ftC-lM"u.
""Srownville.N. T.Jan. 3, 1861. . jl
, Currants ! Currants !
' . 1.,. wiik vr. Vnraas. Brownvllle. a few
mi and Dntch CnrraaU for sale at $1 per d.ea eah
x 11
Ay
'IilBEILTY AIJD
BR 0 WN V I A. K. .N EB
The railing of the Leaf.
BT HOWARD CLTNDOJf.
Alns ! for tie ba-ls of April!
Ala ! for the flowers of May I
Tb'n is the snjl'msing'n ; ' : '
; Through all the desolate day I
I nearly die in the cilenee
Thit is wrapping my life aniHni
In this terrible Autumn stillness
Unbroken by any mind!
All div I fit at the window .
Plnrd with the dismil rain ;
And the wind hath a pitiful cadence
Like tho cry of a soul in prvin I :
I hnoir though I never heir it
Wailing smong tho nines
I'ci taught by fowcA an lyV
A thonsand delicate signs !
Tbe oak free and the maple
Art dropp'ng down their loaves,
The wealth by their Autumn splendor
Carpel the cottago eaves 1
IIow roynlly they perish
'Nnth the crtrn'on enre, of frost ;
Tho latest Iingerif tokoas
Of the glorious puramor lost 1
., . , .
The sky Is so dull and leaden
And the earth so bnk and b-own.
That I tbank the fhroudng darkness ,
As itenmeth swiftly down J '
Not my hart can cover '
Its witherel regret awar.
Or turn from its booties? praying.
Above ihe nnburried clay.
Alas fnr the bud $ of April !
Alas for the flower of May !
The wind and tho watrs wail it, .
Through all the deaobite day ;
What wonder I hate the silence?
What wonder I nearly die, ;
With the ghost3of the shrouded Eunmer ?
Forever and ever nigh.
" m it
How to Choose and Keep a Rifle.
IIoV to choose a rifle is at once a mys
terious and ponderous question, not only
to hundreds but to thousands of persons.
A contributor to the Atlantic Monthly
gives some very good advice to assist nil
thoe who have either the curiosity or the
nibition to become marksmen, in felect-
ing their "shooting irons." The first
part of the advice is as follows: "Never
buy a gun, and least of all a rifle, without
trying it, and not be satisfied with a trial
in a shop or shootiug gallery, buf take it
into the field, and if you distrust yourself
ret some one in whom you have confi
dence) to try it for you." This is all very
well, but no stranger could go into a gun
store and monesily ask for one or several
rif.es to give them the benefit of a field
trial, as the preparatory process towards
buying one; still in the, selection of a
irat rate rifle tuch a trial should always
I mi - A . I.
be nrsi maae. tne way 10 ao mis is
r f 1 . 1 n . f .
given at follows: "unoose a periecuy
calm day. Have a rett prepared upon
which not only the gun may be laid, but
a support 9ho secure for the elbow'; the
hooter being seated. . By this means, (
and with the aid of globe and peek-sights
(which should always be used in trying a
gun) it may as certainly be held in the
ame poMturi at every shot as is if it
were clapped in a machine. For the
target take a theet of cairi .Jge-paper and
draw on it a circle of a foot in diameter.
11 J inside of that drar another four
inches from it and paint the fpace between
black, leaving a white bull s-eye four
indies in diameter against which the
globe sight will be more distinctly seen
than if it were black. The target should
be placed so that ihe sun will shine on
your back. On a very bright day brown
paper is bettei than white. Uegin snoot
ing at 100 yards, and fire ten shots aimed
diiectly at the bull's-eye1 without wiping
the guu out after each shot. Do not look
to see where you have hit till you have
fired the string of ten shots. . . . ; ; If
you find, when you get through,' that all
ihe shots are close together, you" may be
ftire that the gun shoots well, though the
hits may be some distance from the place
aimed at. ThaUwould only prove that
l.ne of ?ight was not coincident with the
line of fire, which can easily be rectified
by moving the forward sight to the right
or lefi, according as the variation was to
one side or the other. Having fired the
iring of ten shots, take a pair of divi
ders, aud with a rsdius equal to half the
distance between the two hits that are
mos' distaut from each other, describe a
circle cutting through thH centre of each.
Frm ihe t;t ntre of this circle measure
ihe distance to each of the hits, add these
distances together aud divide the um by j
u n. ana ytu nave tne average varuinuu,
whicl ought not to be over two iuches at
the utmo.t. If the gun. is what it ought
to be. arid fired by a. good marssman,
it will probably be much less. This is
a Mifficient test for precision for that dis
tance, and the same method may be ad
opted for longer ranges But it the gun
shoots well at one hundred yards, its ca
pacity for longer ranges may be proved
by its penetrating power." When fired
at a target of dry pine set at a hundred
yards distance, if the bullet penetrates
nine inches it may be considered equal
to a range of six hundred yards ; if it
penetrates twelve inches it may be con
sidered equal to a range of one thousand
yards. Many persons suppose that the
best way to increase the range is to in
crease the charge of powder, and that a
certain amount of pwder, varying for
every range should be used. But it is
held by first-rate marksmen that a specif
ic charge should be uWd for all rangesj
and that the increased range thould be
obtained ' ty elevating tbe sight. The
contributor to the JHlaniic Monthly states
'ihe proper charge of powder for every
rifle is about oils seventh the weight of
the buUet." A very common way of
testing the charge capacity of a rifle is to
commence a series of shots with n small
charge and increase the quantity every
fcholuntilthe rifle kicks, when the charge
used for the previous shot is selected is
. , . . ...
i .t T V J .
fji
i:!
UMIOISVONE AND XNSEFEBADLEi NOW
R A SK A SA TUR D A V,
the' best for all occasions." This is not a
gojH. method," because-., a rifle sometimes
kicks with a, very suall charge and not
with a larr" on. The kicking almost al
ways depends on- the r lubrication ' of the
patch nnd'the condition' or the h'arreh
Some Useful directions are given for the
purpose of keeping a rifle in order. Afe
ler firing it should be wiped with a clean
wet rag Canton flannel is stated to be
the best ; then it should be wiped dry and
oiled.- ' We hare-found -that -refined '"pe
troleum is about the best liquid that can
Le used for .wiping out a rifle barrel,
which should alyay3be kept as bright as
a looking-glass or good shooting 'cannot
be expected from if. A rifle oiled with
refined petroleum, in which a little bees
wax has been dissolved, may be laid , by
for a year without a speck of rust gather
ing upon it. Of course the whole residue
of the powder must be first washed off
with a .wet rag. The most sure way of
obtaining a first-rate' rifle, is lo 'engage it
vt a first-rate maken s There are several
of Mich in Ihe t ouutry who prefer to have
their rifles fairly tested before being pur
chased. As with a new ax, Ivnvever, so
it is vi;n a rme; 11 lawes ome nrne-io
get the Lang of it;'' and. as :. every
marksman has his peculiarities, ;so one
may shoot well with one rifle and not
with another, While the reverse would be
the case with the same rifles by another
marksman equally as good. Th$ finish
ing advice which we would give to marks
men is: when you gel a good rifle one
with which you are a sure shot "hold
on to'itf Scientific JJmerican,
m " " "
from More Rural New-Toiker.
Value or Food---Its Nutrition.
Some of our readers will no doubt, re
member what we said last week of. the
causes which affected the apparent riutri
tion of food, of one of those - causes to
which we called especial attention the
ease or difficulty of digestion. , Core that
passes through the stomach undigested
is of no more value than so much corn
cob p? wood. To obtain, the full value
of the food given to. an animal,- it must
not only be put in, such, a condition by
grinding, or soaking, that; it can be di
gested by a ht-althy animal, but the stom
ach of the animal , must be.m a healthy
state, ready for its appropriate work. r
Neglect of these points has caused many
to form very unjust conclusions, and we
urge all to f xercise'eare. so that their
experiments, whn completed, may give
no "uncertain sound.'' but announce im
portant truths: that will benefit all who
hear and heed. The nutriti ve effects .of
food are dependant on other circumstan
ces than the health of the -.animal, and
the condition of the food,- such as the
purposes for which it is fed; whether the
animal is young and growing, or of ma-
a f t ' t " 1
lure age; the mode in y,'ni n it isnousea
and protected from the cold, &c.;, so that
it will be apparent that to establish a
scale exhibiting the comparative nutri
tion of feeding substances, is a work of
difficulty and liable to mistakes; and our
reader. must not be surprised should their
experience differ somewhat from the es
timates given. Although we make this
acknowledgment, which truth der.ianUs,
th- knowledge already gained on this
subject is of great value, as it furnishes
a useful, though not infallible guide.
To makea,ci'n,Paral've estimate of the
value of food, it is necessary that some
article well known and uspd generally,
should taken as a standard, or starting
point, with which to, compare others -Meadow
or Timothy hay has been select
ed as the article best adapted to this pur
pose, and is presented by the number 100.
Any article like potatoes, containing one
h.ilt as much nutriment as bay. that i
pound 1 for pound, is put down at 200
showing that it would require 200 pounds
of potatoes, or any article con'uining the
like amount of nutriment, to produce the
same result as 100 pounds of hay. A
pound of corn contains about twice as
much nutriment as a pound of hay, and
is therefore put down at 50. showing that
fifty pounds of corn will produce the same
effect as 100 pounds of hay. Abopt three
pounds of carrots are equivalent to one
pound of hay, and this root is therefore
fouud in the tat5ies at 300. though the
experience of some has rhown they are
of more value than these figures indicate.
The difference may.be attiibuted to some
of the causes to which we have before
alluded. Indeed, if auy animal has beeu
Lent on drv food for some time, the with-
hoiding of a few pounds of hay each day,
and for each one substituting two pound
of carrots, will be found benefiial. Not.
perhaps, because the carrots are equiva
lent in nutritious matter to the loss of hay
but because an animal , in this condition
craves moist refreshing food, like the
carrot or beet, and its health is thereby
improved,5 and its comfort secured. With
this explanation all will be able to under
stand the table blow, which we have
selected from the best authorities :
ThEUKKTICAL.I I KXPRKIMENTH
9
FOOD.
. .
i 5
I i.
r
3 '
Meadow liny,
Rye straw
Oat straw
Baflsy straw
Whea straw-
Pea straw
Buckwheat straw.
Jla,iild lsares
C.irri.t leires
Swedes---
Mangold Wimiol.--White
Sicilian beet
Carrots Potatoes
Turnips--
Indian Corn
I'ui-k wheat -.'
Darley---
O ti
Rye-.-.
Wheat-.---
11.0 100 100 100 100
18.7 479 500 f56 3S0
21 0 334 20i) 10 200
110 40 10 150 200
210 42 330 450 400
8.5 61 j 200 130 150
ll.rt 245 200
83.9 230 Jl -.- .i 500
70 9 135 I 250
St.O 67S 300 300 250
400 4fi -
85 6 69 250
Sr. 6 332 250 300 j...
75.9 319 l2lM) 200 200
92 5 8-5 609 529 450
.l&Ji- 70 52
12a 55 61 ... ...
13"2 65 , ! 7 50
12.4 60 j 71 8 60
II 5 iS I ' 53 71 5t
10.5 55 i2 64 40
Th theoretical value, beinj that shown
I
'A'
Ay
y Ay Ay
AND FOBEVER.'.'
$0 VK MBl:R:i5, 1862.
by anaalysis, a given above, is from
Boussingault, and the.yalue, as shown by
feeding experiments", bears the name of
the experimenter ut' the head of each
column. ; These will exhibit how far the
results' of actual experiments diffVr from
those obtained by analysis and from each
other, and from these facts and figures
practical men 'can make their own de
duction, while we will irmke:a few sug
gestions that seem fairly -inferable from
the premises. . , : ..... : '.
The best calculations made in Europe
on .the capabilities of the soil,, for produ
cing food, assume that one and a half tuns
of hay is' the general or average yield per
acre, and this is higher than the average
yield in any of thi States of our Union.
By the table it, will be seen that the one
pound of corn is equal to two of . hay, so
that to produce the sang nutrition from
an acre of corn, as from an acre yielding
one and ia half tuns of hay, the former
must, yield twenty-five bushel, nt sixty
pounds to the biisheL Of course'the dit-
soil, &c':: must W taken' inu, 'i-Aii-i -1era-
tion.' A w.de range is" shown in the val-
furonAA 11 ncf r f i 1 1 1 11 ra afft - Inu
n ol tiirrnn-;. tint Pitimntimf ihA true
value as one-sixth that of hay, it would
require neirly 400 bushels to the acre,
to furnish an equivalent for one and a
half tuns of hay, or twenty-five bushels
ot corn. Jhree pounds or carrots are
Cl,nnni0,l tn u ok... . r..;, n,,,,;! frt
LL4tV10 V I Vt. I. 1
one of hay, but as we
re wish to be careful
on this point, and not to encourage ex
pectations that will never be realized, we
will, in our calculation, reduce its value
to one-fourth that of hay, and one-eighth
that of bom. According ttf this it will
require 1200 pounds of carrots, which is
200 bushels, at sixty pounds to the oush
el, ,to be grown on an acre, to furnish an
equivalent for the one and a half tuns of
bay, or twenty-five bushels of. corn.
Every one will observe, in a moment, that
this is little more than a quarter of a
crop of carrots, as no one should think of
growing less than six hundred busheh to
the acre, and our State Agricultural So
ciety ery wisely refuses to consider ap
plications for premiums where the quan
tity is less. At this rate one acre of car
rots will produce as much nutritive mat
ter as three acres in hay, which gives one
and a half tuns to the acre, or of corn,
which yiels twenty-five bushels. Of
course, the quantity of hay and corn, with
which this is compared, is by no means
a preiriium crop, nOr do we consider six'
hundred bushels'of car'rrits a large vild,
for we find cases in which premiums hare
been awarded, in this State, for more
than double this quantity to the acre.
Our remarks, however, are designed onlyr
to suggest he manner in which the table
may be made very valuable, in inciting to
thought and. figures that may be ulti
mately worked out to the profit of our
readers.
From ;he Scientific American
The Cold Mines of California of no
Value to tbe World.
Gld mining, provided the metal is used
for coin, adds nothing to the wealth of
mankind. If a man owns a steam en
gine worth ten thousand dollars, the en
gine forms this portion of ihe wealth of
the wild. And if the man devotes his
surplus labor, besiJes that which is nec
essary to procure a living, or expends his
surplus profits in constructing a second
engine of equal efficiency and value, he
adds another ten thousand tlolhrs to 'h
wealth of the wot Id. But labor in sim
ply adding to the weight of his engme.
without increasing its efficiency or use
fulness in any respect, does, not byihe
operation augment the wealth of himself'
of the community or of mankind.
In complex states of society, the ennu
merable exchanges of property which
people mutually desire to make, are effec
ted through the medium of money. Thti
articles which first came into use as mon
ey were the most valuable metals ; the
natural properties of these substances
their indestructibility, "portability, S;c
causing them to be sought for this use.
As civilization advanced, and the organi
zations of society became more complex,
certain individual and associations ex
changed their notes, premising to. pay
either gold or silver or platinum on the
presentation of the note, and these notes
also came into use as money, being re
ceived by persons in exchange for articles
ot value on the faith that the stated
quantity of valuable metal could be ob
tained tor them at any time.
The money in circulanon in this count
ry amounts to about two ptr cent of the
whole wealth of the country, : anr it U
pfobable that in other countries the pro
portion is about the same. Kov; the
point that we make is, that thM proportion
(of two per cent) will not bo altered hy:
doubling the amount of money in the
world ; for' prices will advance so as to
double the nominal va'.ue of o;her prop
erty, and thus ' the proportion will be
maintained. The price of an article is it
value relatively to gold, or platinurfi, or
whatever metal is the standard, and prices
must vary with all changes in this rela
tive value. It" a bushel of wheat fs worth
an ounce of silver at one time, it may, at
another lime, be worth as much as two
ounces of silver from either of two causes
it may be twice as difficult 10 g;t the wheat
or twice as easy to get the silver. If
twice as many pounds of gold and silver
are thrown into use as money, it will take
twice as many pounds to uo tne same i
work, and the work will be no better done
by the larger quantiiy than by the smal
ler. Indeed, it will not be done as well;
for one of the properties which make the
precious metal coovemei t for ue as cur
rency is their light weight ia proportion
to. their value, and if this is jir-creied
they are rendered less serviceable "for
ithis tse.
. . . ft p I
S3
s I
Ay Ay
y
'. : r
VrV to
jV7. Mo.
: A man who has become rich by manu
facturing or fading, generally increases
wealth of the country an ! the world to an
exier.t at least equal to his own accumu
lations, b:t the labors1 of thegold-digger
add nothing to the wealth of mankind,
inajmuch as they increase the weight of
the currency without increasing its Value.
This applies, however, only to that por
tion of the gold which is used, for cur
rency', that which is used in the arts does
increase the wealth of the 'world to" an
extent f iial to the excess of its value a
bove the cost of its productiou. , ;,
v ' From tbe Country Gentleman.
prairie Screens ana .Hedges.
M. L. Dunlay.of the Chicago Tribune,
states that he has seen a perfect prairie
lence or hedge made of the white willow,
(called also gray willow.) the cuttings
o. which were nut out in JSo3. The
cuttings were put one foot apart, the soil
dry and rich, just above overflowed flats.
The trees are. now forty feet high, and
i dpe "efficiently close toexcIui!e m l horaed
j slock for: and only to a low- the
r r"o' v...
ihe. trees are six inches in diameter
form a fine screen against winds, and are
I estimated to 'produce nearly or quite a
coru 01 wooa to tae rou. Alter the cut
tings were set out, they received horse
cuiuvaiiou, oui. we are not inronneu ior
. . - " ta
)CUia' .usllu u
em out add
neglect them, or allow cattle access to
the trees while they are young, would
be entirely useless,' and would of course
end in failure. F. -K Phoenix, (who has
an especial abhorrence of all humbugs,)
in a lite Prairie Farmer, expresses his
entire'confiilence in this tree for screens
and hedges for prairies provided it is
rightly treateu', namely, 1st,. by preparing
the grounJ in the best orders 2d, by ob
taining a good stand ; and 3d, by keeping
the cattle away from it for several years,
as they will browse it.
The willow here spoken of? is the spe
cies so well known in Europe and exten
sively grown for timber, known to botan
irts as the Sal ix alba. In a letter re
ceived last year from Charles Downing,
he says, "The best, willow for timber,
hoop poles, &c., is what Dr. Grant calls
the "Beveridge willow," (the proper
name I do not know,) but the purpurea is
best for hedges cattle are not so apt to
eat it, and it may be so woven together
as o Le almost impassable." The ex
treme bitterness of the bark and leaves
of the Salix purpurer prevent cattle from
touching it ; and the very tough and flex
ible shoots may be'interlaced in any de
sirable menner. Loudon says that" in
Norfolk, Suffolk, and in some parts of
Essex, England, it is used for plaiting
into low close fences, fof the exclusion of
hares and rabbits, which will not touch
the shoots, and that a fence, of this kind
is reckoned but little inferior, to that of
wire." The Beverage willow, of which
we have trees growing from cuttings re
ceived of Charles Downinrr. if not the bid
"Salix cai.rta, is certainly very nearly al-
lied to it. and perhaps merely & variety,
although in a genus containing over two
i-undred species and some, of these run
ning into many varieties, it is hard to
speak with on.idence.
These remarks are made, not for the
purpose of positively recommending any
of 'he&e willows for . hedges, tut for the
encouragement of experiments which may
lead to something valuable. Whiie.the
entire fences of the northern states can
not he a dollar less than five hundre.j
millions, it is well worth while to g'.ve
some nttention to all the possible ways in
which the expense may be lessened and
farm barriers made more secure.
Why dld'nt I plant an Orchard ?
It is no uncommon occurr ence now-d-days
to hear Iowa farmers exclaim : lfOh
had I planted an orchard, of two or three
hundred trees on my p'jace when I came
here, their product would have been a
fortune to me. S'e that lone tree yon
der, only ten years from the sped, would
you b.-lieve :.t ? We had five bushels
from that tree this season.1 1
These idle, regrets are ever heard,
but still do not seem to impart ihe prac
tical lessoM which this Important subject
nemandi. Thousands of Iowa farmers
in the ?acc of incontrovertible evidence
as to the practicability of raiding fruit
here,, rtre still neglecting the orchard and
even the fruit garden, until a little more
s done upon the farm in some other di
rection buildinss perfected a little
more bronght under the plow, and little
else remaining in the way of improve
ment. In short, the most important branch
of farming is too often ihe last to com
mand the operator's attention. Why we
ask, do farmers patronize that dear old
school master, personal experience, while
his exhorbitant tuition is matter of every
day'd conversation ? In vain i: i3 shown,
from time to time, that fruit .trees well
planted and cared for, foot up the larg
est gains, in proportion to tha expendi
tures of time and money, of any branch
of farming. Resclves are rriade while
the evidence is fresh before the mind,
and some future day set for the procur
ing and planting of the tree3. , The day
perhaps is set, at least the time is named
when the nearest nursery is to be drawn
upon for the necessary number of trees;
but in the meantime some other fancied
duty steps in, and tree planting is again
laid over to another season, and so it goes
year after year Such hi3 been the prac
tice of far too mmy. who could have had
ere this, if they had pos-essed the, will
a good orchard. We once more appeal
toevery farmer nm to let another season
psss without seeing--that bng 'nlk d -F
orchar l started. Get yj.ir tvcs this fall
&c, as recommended in a previous t is-
fU8. lovca HomiUa4.
D i F
x L.
One square Co IlDei or laj)oa totrUo,
Ech adniosal laiArtion j ..5. . v
Bufiaeis CrJi, fit I In or I141, os y w ' e
Ore eolinm or.eyeir - - , . tsfc
One b!f elQtQn-tD yetr .-. C4 .
Out foortfrcoinrci on ytr ' 14 U
On uhi.h ciBnu 01 jr " . jj
Oae column fix mootb 4? CO
One htif column tlx n.onth M
Oa fourth column tixiotal ' IS C
Oua eiehihof culumnlx Mjni.1 It Ct
Oae column three nu.Bt&n . - . " IS to
One halt column thrr Bv.n'.N , it W
One r.xirth CuIdfoo ibrofl mon-ha - - 18
; One eisUih column three mjttb- ) 99
' ' Transient advertirui-nu muiot pailfr U avaac.
jYearly advenisem"iiti. q itrtfrlj la adTase.
I 111 Tran-cieut Ad-.eTtimeai, fraction rrtr i'
N"are wil,hcbrSed furty theltne, altherateof v
rui " u.m. r, ai.ii a ccnK ocq anoneqaeni e
, Kestorcins Dried Gmfls. .
It often happens that grafts of parties 7
lar Traits-are received in a dried or with:
ered coalition from bein badly packed.
and being supposed to be worthless, are
thrown away. We once new a cai-1
where a small package' cf grafts werek
received from a distance without suita
ble protection, and they were quite thor
oughly seasoned,1 They were enveloped
in moss, and buried beneath the earth,
on a 'dry spot of ground. .By spring they,
had gadualiy imbibed. moisture.and he--came
plump again, aud on -being planned
every graft grew. Efforts of this kind
ofien fiiil in cohequere of applying th;
moisture to ccpioly .and suddenly. :
Shoots in so withered .a condition should,
receive it so gradually as to require soms,
weeks at least, for; tha completion' of tbV
proces3 .
Trees laken from the nursery, and
which, from snrrtfi. eane are-Bermitted t-v
become c'rj'Jtnd w't ert !. may- be rt stored,
in like maoer. Iu too. spring ot 15-Ji, '
we received ' ajjuu'dle of.' tres from'
disianf nursery. Some of them appeared
st?' lifeless I thrr wthem a3ide.' 'The'
bark had become ..dry: . and withered anJt
the wood to all appearances devoid ef any
moisture. . Twa or. three of . the number
happened to get buried with earth thrown
from a newly dug celbr:" In the coursa
of a month it beTiu cecessary to remove
the earth when, the trees were exhumetv
In the meantime the hark and buds had
swollenand assumed thei'rwonted health
appearance. ihe trees tnui treated
were planted out and made a good growth
the same season. .Make " njte of these.
facts. Iowa Homestead., ........
Protecting Teach Trees-Besult
Levi Bartlett of New Hampshire, wha
has a wide reputation as an experienced.
and observing farmer,. relates the fu-,
lowing: .... .-. .-.v
'Lat Saturday, being at tr.e village.
I met a 'man who related to me an x-
perimerit he made l ist autumn on a peach"
tree. . Late in the fall he procured hem
lock and spruce trees, about a dozen xeet
high ; with a crowbar he mads hole$,
around the peach tree, and set'out ther
evergreens, so as to completely -'protect
it from sudden changes of the weather:
Early in ; May he removed the hemlocks,
and the result of the operation is, tljt
ncne of the tenderest limbs or blosscrri
buds were injured by the cold of the wm
ter. The' tree is very thrifty, five or six
years f rem the seed.; lhis morning L.
rode out to see the. tree, and -1 have no
doubt there is over two bushel of fraitj
on it to-day, large and fair, arjdju3t be
ginning to ripen. Now what Isaac Huns
has dooe in the way of raising peachci
away down here, a little tnis side of tha
North pole. Others c.n do, ani have
peaches without, mooey, or price.' With,
one exception, I have seen no peaches
upon trees expo3',d tdth winter ; but I
have seen this seamn a great many pret
ty fair peach trep.s, "but nary a peach
upon vhem." ' ; . . .
We supposa that co-rn stalks tt in and
around th-j trees would serve thi sama
purprs?. as evergreens. We will hera
add, that Mr. John D. Bush of Dubuquo
protects his trees from injury in the win
ter by throwing upoa'them straw, amt
seldom fails to obtain a crop of fruit fro;n
trps thus treated. In 1S6T he h.trvest
eight to ten busheb from a few : small
trees. Hi3 plin is to compel .the limb
to grow horizontally, and -within two or
three feet from the ground instead of up
right. The direction must be given, to
the limbs when the tree is small by con
fining them: to stakes or a horizontal
trellis. otra Homestead.
A farmer should never refuse a fair
price for anything he ha3 to sell. fur any
rise of price which may or may not tak
plica will generally be swillowed up by
the interest upon the' capital invested in
the article.
IIott Mist Is Generated.
"
The production of mist is the sub;
ject of a note by tlie veteran Dr. Jpnrt
Davy, (brother of fctr Humphrey in
the 'Edinhurg Philosophical Journal.
The cause usually assigned for mist ii
the accc33 of cold air, and its xul mix
ture with warmer air,, saturated,, or
nearly saturated, with moisture, (snch
as that resting on the sucfaco pflargo
bodies of water,) and strikingly exem
plified in our autumnal and- winter
fog?, when ! the water, owing to tha
heat absorbed" daring summer, is of t
higher temperature than the inflowing
air. Dr. Davy, however, refers to
another cause, not sa much- noticed,
viz : a ini!), moist airr coming in
contact, with a , colder .air, . coually
humid, resting on cold surfaces,
whetherofIand.br water,' about tho
end of winter or beginning of spring,
lie describes mists which he considers
to have been thus formed in the l.iko
district of Cumberland. - To a similar
cause, also, lie refers the phenomenon"
termed sweating, -which is tha "precip
itation of moisture on walls and Sag
ged floors excluded from the inflaenco
of fire. He also attributes, toa warm
south wind, succeeding a .very cold
north wind, the deposition of a targe,
quantity of moisture in the gillerj of
a nobleman in Devonshire, mid quotes
the saving in Homer, The ftoulh wind
wrap3 tho monntain top iu mist.' . J
Avoid laking the extraordinary ri.-Vi rf
long crediti, no natter whrt ; rc':is i;i
pro-p-ct - . ' '
'": A man winds up' his c'oc .o' rnike it
run, an 4 hit business to nukt I
KATES OF AllVFIlTIXTn
7 c,Jm. Boaton, Ma.
-a
t . . i