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About Nebraska advertiser. (Brownville, Nemaha County, N.T. [Neb.]) 1856-1882 | View Entire Issue (Oct. 25, 1862)
Nebraska &5foctfi0r;.! EVERT SATURDAY BT i. I KATES OF ADVEISTISIXG.". Ct HACIIER, one wj'iare (ten lues or ieg) one uuarnon, Kacb adHUoaal lnmioo . s . Basin Canis, m line or lti, gag year One column eneytir ' - - . One half culnnsn t.ne year . Oa fourth column ctt yr - . . One eighth column one year One column li month - One half column fix month! One fourth column slxniontbf One eigiub of a column six months One column three moDtii . . One half column three nx.nth . 4 One fo.jrth colnTCP three uocthe - - -One eighth coinmn threw m.ntba Anmnncin CanJnSates for OSce. - tl . I CO to 00 40 rw S3 i It 09 49 04 t8 Ot 15 IS 09 M li M IS 09 8 09 cottar's Block. Main Street, vS & F I SHE U rT l: i - f niOPKlTOliS T ..r if piJo i'dvaiwe, - " " $J 00 2 60 3 00 - . "LIBERTY AND UNION, OKE AND INSEPEIIABLE,' NOW AND FOB.EVEB." Transient alve-temenU ruui be r 1J for la adtAnc I OU will l-e furnicbed at $1 60 jr Tearly aJTeriisemeiit, quarterly laadrance. dtl.e caKfc ctx.mpauieMhe onier, not VOL. VII. BKOWNVILL K, NEBRASKA,. SATUR DAY, OCTOBER 25, 186-2. NO. 15. In TraniH:i-nt Advertienjents. fractiore artt eft fwjTiare will becharsed forty the lrne, at the riue of tea (cents m v nrxi veek. and 6 cents each ubseiaent wX. - J. ., -t ' " rl ' . 4 . L. T VI .11. IV :?:-.:l:...';f::;v. COSINESS CARDS. ttflTHEYEE & R0BIS0N, MASCrACTCKEBS OP BOOTS ARDSHOES.Hi I- jetWEIK riRT AKDSECOKDfTS., r-f-.tlv i"irrhod fh SriO Shop formerly T1""' t" Den we n..w i-fTer enr work at urent- "ci mai.ufartu f'mt w-rk wr,rrantel W mai.'u'art ure aii tuaiwecner w:,rrautel. nll-ly n. F. STEWART, LECT1CPHYSICIAN SURGEON, UROH XTI LI-E, XE" R AS It A .r i j Tijoruiein'K Dru Store, "WhitneyV .- in v6-n43-!y f 3 XHE A F F LICTED. 1 i)!t. A. GODFRKY, HYS1CIAN, SUHGEON I '. . AD OBSTETRICIAN, L,tf,i itiTr:ice. havinn twenty-tlre rearn' expe- -n i'.c M flici ' hrienoc ami one ol ' he corretK.n rjilie - Uniencn Journal of the ile iical S ien- L. i,.prVl i-erinai.en lj- in Xrownri-ile, an.l re- .eiiierf b proiesiniiiil services Ut the cil- .;7h, . I V a'ld vie lil'.v. f c',;. t!:ie In- services to roninaon practice. I f i.i t'if n to chronic ieases tit-enf t I V-Miiunanl Tiitii r nJ Sji e A ! e m1 l"'Ct. ,reri. mi re lKjeH,evtn purii! B:in1nes, lr c.Miiii niv atil Kninn Sickirf-. falsy. lip. lv.M''!r. ConuRHitin in the flr.t anl i !.;,.?, ii-;i iv in t. me fornir, ami diseases of t i,J " P.ir:cnUr a,iealiorx paul lo Ague. fi i il mm P reu-rcju-e to, loose pro- 'n!iirai..h.e the L ui'.ed Statci. and iicrwma I J.,v'i f 'i!)'t a !' honrs. either at J. IT. jfuua J ;.,i-(,..t J i." dwei.inc luuee. wLeu Doi eur.iiieii .t..,iu. t u-ii e-. . . 1.50- ly P lI. M. ATKINSON, ffTORWEY-AT LAV, I AM) SCUCSTOR CHAKGEHY. . (I j e corner or Mniu n l F;r.-t Si?. 3rovvuvillo, 3T-l 1- I 3''. 72 : ! y . DR. D. GWIN, v ITnviua jwruiauentlj LochI1 near :;0YX VI LLE, NEBRASKA, i tlieir.K:tice of Medicine and rnrp?ry, ten lir pr..tes.iTial iT qc to the tl!ic,tJ.- I o;ie uiilc south -f town, tu the old Xixoti i Augustus sciioexjieit, . jTORNEY AT LAW, ?)LTCITOnSAlN CHANCERY, Corner First and Hain Streets, ' nil fits - -' Xctiraska j, ! ' - 1 1 :XS, WATCHES, JEWELRY. j J: SCHUTZ I woai(i (vonuficfio tlit-jitUeTSU of Brawnville "iii.l vioiuit- that be Iims localed htinsell in Iro-wnville. audinteBlsfct?epinR a full assort. eterrthinein his lineof usiwese. which will w r..r ca-1i. He will al.-odo all kinds of re ,.f cloiks, watchefandjewelry. All work war. . . vSiilSlv (WARD W. THOMAS, iTTORNEY AT LAW, l . AND llCITOR IN CHANCERY. 'iffice corner of Main ainl First Street. : o w n 'i l l i: , n i: phase a. f7TllOMAS" DAVIS. LECTIC PHYSICIAN istr It GEON", ME ROCK, XE1WASKA V,r,-iicc, Dr. l. (win, BroVuville. ti4(l-Iv PGAR CANE MILLS I" AKD i'APORATOKS Men anxiin'oil acent for t Eaele Works I iitii and Kvat..rators. ChlCopo, 111., I am ti i.( fl!i o..Jei at iho iiiAniifacnirer'a prices. "fMill. fr .ni $Jto$3vW. fvajHtrators from 3V l,!reM - li VV , FUHiiAS, k'.t, lb.i nj-t-tf. ' Brownvil;e, A'fcb. t- '..WILSON BOLLINGER, eUW SELL0RD- AT LAW, ral anil C ollrrliau: Ascnf. r.1 lulCFV GAi.h CO., iEBilAKA: j-pnifii'-e in the (jve 1 Courts in Gag5 and jiCc..uiitj.;s, ml will give jr.in)t attention Mirt-xiutrustid lunita. Collecti(n nomjtt- arik-ulur atcention piven tt loct '! tVarnint '.n-" lauds onrefully celectcd ' 59 Li,! ?-u'.er2.). 'fit. nt2-v!v OU IS' PEAK GOLD! ,nor t rtcfive Pike's 1'oak OoM and sdvar.ee 'let" il r i n itie :t.ie an.t pay over ha.atice of pvKeeU ni rei'iii us are had. tn all ca-es I : 'riuted returas ( the Uuit-d States Mit .' U? N'. "L- CARS () N . -OX Xl) EXCHANGE RROKER I BRotn V1LLE, NEORASKA. I 0 j - . no lv4 J H : : r I MM &H0WT3 ! 1S!t and pst Masters who will addres tl thl I Mii plie.1 wiih Garrteu. Field aod K lower t e?l ...... . : . . : . - . T1.A.A ; ..il f uBheie nd s-e true to name I ' Vemaha Nursery, Syracuse, Ot.-e, Co. Au5-Fu8 tf Xebrafka. CO X.ST A H LE iMPOhTta AKD DEALER IH 'S c 1'. STEEL, ; NAILS, at.'" 3 SPRINGS, -AXLES, FILE- CKSMlTirS TOOLS 1 Hubs, Spokes, , and Bent Stuff, rd St Aftt .t: m r a a- ii . in NI-IOSEPILMO. i 5 atSt. LoiiiM lrirhfr ritkh 'r,8 Price Paid ior bcrap Iron. Jiture! Furniture!! f cJ,U,pU," ,lock r rnrniture ever i-fTere-i in .,lllt'.tr received ty , T. H1LU s ili April 6th. . pi-1 J0H1T L CARSON (Sorcessor to Lushbangh & Carson. LAND AND TAX PAYING Deafer in Coin, Uncurrent Jloney Land Warrants. Exchange, and Gold Dust MAIN SriiKKT. IIROlYK V I L.L,L NEBRASKA. t will give efpeoial attention tobnyln? and Felling ex--hariye on the principal citien of the United States and Rurnpe. Gold Silver, unenrrent Bank BillH, ad i Gold Dust. Collection mad .n all accesMble nointf. I and proceed reiiiitted iu exchautre at current rates. . D jK.sii received on current account, aud interest al lowed on special deposit. ' . OFFICE, : - ' 3IAI STRKKT. RCTIVCEY THE Tclegrapli and the U.S. Eaud OCiCf'S. REFERENCES: Lind & Brother . Philadelphia, Pa. i. W. Carsoit bi Co., " . . " Hiser. Dick 4c Co. ' Baltimore, Md. ronns c Carbon, Je. Thompson 31 a son, Col'r -f Port, 41 win. T. Suiit.lis.tn, Esq., Hanker, WashigtOP D. C J. T. Stevens. KrKj., Att'y at Law, " Jno. S. Gallaber. are 3d Aud. U. S.T. " . " Trlor . K.rii;h, Bi;:kerb, Chicago. HI. St. Lonis, Jtfo. Annap.iliP, Md. Meicershurp Pa Hagertown, Hi. F.ston, Hil. Cnniteriand, Md Havana, Aiahma. Nov 8, lS&O-tf. McCleltatHl Wets. Co., Hon. Thomas O. Pratt, ' Hoti.jA o. 1 ron, P. U. Smali Km., Pres'tSi Bank, C"l. Geo. Stilf y, A'y at Law, Ci. Stin.diiiiUletouAti'y ai.Law, JuJ'-e Thos. Peirj-, t'rof. II. Tutwilcr, ' JACOB MARHON ' , M E R C H Mil TAILOR, ... BROWN VILLE, Cll ti e at etif i"n of GeuHemeadenrg new, Deat, servicahie ;nd fa-hiotuhle WEARING APPAREL, TO HIS HewStock of Goods J UST li IXK I V K D, BRO.VO CLOTiH CASSISIKRS. VKST1KGS &c..Stc. OFTSIE VERY 1 T E IT STY EES, Which he will re!l or make up, u orrter, at unprece donted litw prces. Tii se ui any thinp in his line will do'weU to ci! atui I X iiiiM.rt i stok "h-ire tnv-.tiiie. n hi j;ii'd :e hun-ir in hold .out peciwiany tavorible in d" fi'icirs. r'wlt4iy.Ulit. Ibb2. r ' - . - '" BROWNVILI.E TTS5?ai t. fVM. "VIS .-THORN, COLMAM, CO., Annotirrce to the travelina public that their splendid aud, connu.idious Sieatu Ferry runnine across flora Brcwnville, . Nebraska. is one of the best in every respect on' the Upper Mis. souti river. The Kuat makes repular trips every hour so that no time will be lost in waiting. The hankr. on both sides of the river are low and well graded which renders unUadiug unneceesary as is thi case at nutst other ferrie. No tearstieed heentermined astodifflrultiesatornear i.ir- rro-.siiip, s everyh-nly in this reyi'n, on both side of the river, id for the I.tnoii the strone! kind. Our cliArt:es tH u item thei-e hard times are lower tlm at any other c:-o:-sii!.' Travelers fr m K tnsas to Iowa and totheeast will And this ihu iic:fet slid Ucst rtueir pverv restKct. THORN, COLEMAN &"C0. 'Brownvilie, N.or..-a, Sept. 21st IRC!. R K A L ESTATE . : . a i . . CollcctioH Office or 27. ""77"- Sed-ford, Main. Between Ijew.e and Viral Streets. I'artirutar'ntU'SiUon piven lo 12ic Iui chase nntl Sale ol Itcal iMato, :ak!n? t'oN lections and Payment of Taxes lor fton-Rcsi- titnts. I, AND W A KM A NTS FOU rALE, for cash and or. 'lILXD WAr.R NTS LOCATED forEagtemCap it.i'i-l-s.tni latui s-l'-jfod from personal examination. nn'l a eoTOi.lete Tiwtiship -'"P. tuowing' Streams;, .... , i .....v. . i. w... .:....,. ,.f lllUwf,&C.',llTrUCU HllU IU5 UHlLUUtre ui ryr. tion. . Hrownrille.N.T. Jan. 3. 1S1 tiic imiiaci: vati:i:s pianos ani jji:lH)1ans. And AWnde Di-hiis. Hti.i T. (IILBEUT A Co.' iteiohrated E dion Fianos, uro the finest ln.strunft'nt ir pirlor anl churvhes nwwin uso. A wr insort ment can te tici o, tb new w.-irenn uis. No. 43 ItiiOADWAV. between irand and Hroora streets 4ii..i will U U at cxtreHiolv low prire. J'inno. rid MeloJcons. iroiu sundry iunkers, now and wjcunJ hand. Second bund i''idns and Mclod.m at jro-a' liiirsraina: jxrici-a from to 10(t. Sheet Music Mu.i-B.'4vi,nfcdll kind of Music M.TcbxndMC ,!-. wtr ju ices. A j.iitnUt in attendance wiil try new MUSK!.. "The ri'.rnce Which I'i.Hios i.th kn-wn aion' he very bc-"! We are t enbUd to ?p-ak of the 'iistr'umenta with t:i ilirw f conlidnice, from . r-o'ir.l '4,-nou !edin-'f tb''tr excellent tone onn rtu r Jile o.ialitvl" - Acto York Emu'ii-liit. , iitl-lt FAS T HORSES. .i .vr: f, CITY LIUESY STi AKD FEED' STORE, BROWNVILLE. NEBRASKA. ' i HEXJAMIX ROGERS, - , . . . . . . . . : AVXOrKCKS to the ptiblic that he bas perchase-1 the nii?S?r2 I. IVe Uvergtable and Strrner.y owne,l by R-er B other.' He i now prepared to accommodate the public with r.r ; i ParriftffDu. : . Sulkies ' - Saddle Hordes, THE TRAVELING PUBLIC Can find at his Stable ample accommodations for horse, iuuim r cattle. : 1 jy, B. The partnet-sMp fcereffftre existing between Beujamm a-yu J0SHrA fc BS,AfXIir R0GEHS, May 28tt. 186S. a47-M Circulation of the Sap. The last number of the Gardener's Monthly contains a very interesting ar ticle from Yardley Taylor on the fCir culatlon of the Say,V from which we make the following extract: "The' theory of a' downward flow of sap, as supposed, by the first writers on vegetable physiology, is giving way, and the writers of the present day assert thai there is no such flow. (S-e article Bot- jnny' in the 'New Ameri- an Encyclope- ' V a t,pPA, ' ,! r n .k..-, kn ) neoreutal writers, or. ItlO.-e WDO copy from former ones.1 ofin advanced the fame theory while practical men. who base their theories upon their obser vations of nature, reject it. Nurserymen who practice grafiiug, know that success can be had by inserting the graft so that the inner bark of the graft of the stock thall he in contact, so as to admit of the sap from between the bark and the wood passing upward into thd graft between its bark and wood. There can be no' other way for growth, as the granules of new wood only form between the bark and tap-wood, no where else, and this mate rial for growth must come from below-, for there are uo leaves above to prepare the matter for assimilation as the down ward theory supposes. - Balding, as practiced by nurserymen, is equally con clusive; there the bud only rests upon the sap-wo id beneath the , lark, and in no contact with the pores of the wood at all, only with the pores between the bark and wood ; and ir the top of the taalk is rut iff. as is uual, it grows at ouce, though there is no part above from which a downward flow can come. Many more facts ni'ght be mentioned, all fading to the same coiKldsion, but these, so 'well known to all' who are acquainted, with grafting or budding, may suffice ; indeed, the evidence appears to me D be so con lusive, that I can tee no reason whatever or a downward flow. It appears to me o be too much of a .roundabout way to tttain an object, to be oousu-lenl with whit we know of ; the simplicity of nature's aws; they are always direct and to be adiiird tor their simplicity. "If, then, there is no downward circu- ation, as I confideuily believe there is ,ot, the question recurs,'what is the tru heory of 'the circulation of the sap rhis, to my irnnd. is very simple and plain; whether I can make it appear plain to others, remains to be seen. Ltt us recur 1 1 facts generally admitted, and base our theory there. All writers on vegetable physiology, I believe, admit that water trom rain and mjow contaiiunir aiiilters""fu'r growth .is imbited by the roots, principally by the spongioles or t-mall rootletts, though I have little doubt that eren the large root? imbibe tome, as there bark is spongy. Among these mat ters, cabomc acid gas is prominent, and it is generally believed that a portion of this gas is imbibed by the leaves. This gas is considered the only source from which the carbon of the plant can be de rived. Carl on, we kn w, is deposited in growth, and chemists tell us that oxygeu is given oil in the dayume. Other mat ters, as potash, fee, are believed to be carried into the plant in the aina way; of these tacts there is little dis.puie. . 'Can on acid gas, however, must 'be' decomposed, and we know that it is, but by what means, there is dih" r irce o cpinion. Sunlight has been couriered i he agent of this decomposition, but . of this there may be doubts. If there is uo downward circulation, the gas can n t be decomposed in the Itaves, as is by many fuppoed. Further, we have no other evidence, than this supposition, that sun light can decompose cat bonic gas at all ; nothing in my reading of chemistry would encourage the conclusion that sunlight can r. lease oxygeR from its compound. Some other agent then must be sought. for, ai.d we have one in electricity, that we know can effect this decotnjoition. "The beautiful art of electro'yping is evidence of this fact. , Here meial is dis solved by acid, making a compound of oxygen and nr-tal dissolved in water, by the application of galvanism, which is only another torm ot electricity; the ox xgen is given off, and the metal is depos ited in its own form again. If elctriciiy ran release oxygen fruin this compound, why may it hot from all its compounds? Oxygen is negative, while carbon. aid metals are po-itive. I his presumpiiou has much stronger grounas tor its foun dation, than that fur the ttlects chargea ble to sunlight. ' ; "Electricity has been proven to greatly facilitate vegetable growih. If we er-tt wires, say ten or fifteen ieet hishtn an open s-pact-, and piss ihVu bme&ih ihe soil vshtre vegetables are growing,' these vegetables near aud above, ihes wires ...,il V... Iimiov iKon'iKit.u at a 1 ; vtn .if . I Hre the lettricity au add nothing ot itst If to the plants ; it must act by, indu cing greater activity in Miine prmciple of growth,, and whai principle can that.be, other than the decompaction or the car bonic acid in the soil and vegetal le mat ter within its reach, .thus giving more carbonic tras to the plants? This is the only ratioual explanation thai can . be civeji. and it is to the. point. . Now jet us'" apply these principles, founded upon facts. The carbonic ttas being carried up in the tap, which is the water cun'aining matters tor growthjm- bibed by the roots, and this gas passing a principally between the bark and the wood, where most of the . sap passes, anJ where it is needed .most lor growth; is decomposed by electficiiy ex c;Iy where needed, and deposited there, a Mnall por tioh is denosit-d in the pores of the sap wood, thus making it mof e firm, aod con verting it into heart-wood. Ihe ap be ing deprived of its gas brought up from the roots, principally near the lower part o the tronk or bod v. is further supplied bv thai received from the leaves, and ihis passing 'jdoWa through the ,&ap a tl . known that this gas has a" great afnnity for water would supply all parts, and will mix with it in all directions whenevf r it comes in contact with" it'.; Trees and plants are as conductors of el?ctriciiy'fr ra the earth to the air, and frtim the air to the earth. Every sjirijr, every point .ot a leaf, acts as a conductor for the fluid in passing. Some have doubted whether there, is 'electrical disturbance sufficient to cause action enough tj produce such an effect, but' electricians have proved thai the electricity, of theL atmosphere is very variable; that it ts at its maximum at one time of day. and at hs minimum at another., Hen :e uhen it is at its max- . a a imum in the air., the arth mud he neg ative to it, and the; anh will receive a portion; .and when at its minimum in the air, the earth will be positive, and then give off a portion to the air, thus keeping up a current between the air and the earth. Electricity having an attraction for water, will pa -ss thruugh the sap' of plants ia preference, precisely where the gas is to be decomposed. 'Here then we have a theory for the circulation of the sap, at least for the re quirements of growth; one that is plain and simple, yet .meets, all the. require ments of the cae t one that' is based on facts that we do knowand but little left to conjecture. At the fall f the leaf in autumn the body of the frM has but lit tle tap ;, the pores of the wood arejnosily filled with air. Duiin? the fall, aud winter, vvhuever the earth and air. are above the, freezing point, the roots are imbibing'moisiur. Wheth'T this is by capillary; attraction or Hot, I leave, but presume .it- is", by that power, as water will penetrate every 1 body not. positively impervious, where the is less water. By ihe , time that wirnu weather returns in pring. this sap thus lym j in the pores through . the winter, un-.fergoc-s f some cemical change, convening pirt into t-acrhanne ' matter.. .Tliis 'milter thu furnishes. jhe. nectar of ' flnvers. and is coipicu us in early flowering trees like the' maples, for .'iii-lauce, .'that blossom early'. ' Almost afi trees will :urnish sap at the first; flow ihat may be made into sugar, but-s-ome, . as ftie tmaples,. ,more fre-Jy than o hers. Tiiis ifirst. fl.w of sap takes piace in'ihe winter often, when there, cojiies warm days and frosty nights, and frequently when the ground is fro zen ; but the ground being; frozen is ho evideuce that the: tree and its r jots are frozen, fQr living plants will resist a much lower' temperature without freezing than dead matter will. . The. roots of trees are often far below the frost, ''a-.jd' may be supposed to be a conductor j of that . tem perature upward . As Moon- as the, warm weather induces a full flow of sap. the saccharine sap is. 'diluted, and carried up' ward, and no sugar can then be made from the body of the tree. This full flow of , sap fills evCtiy pore of the tree j and as warm weather advances causes the bud to burst and the leaves to expand, and thes'e'the'u becoine',the medium of giving off the-moisture of the sap, leaving the matters for growth behind. Thus carbon, gums, rosins, potash, et-., are depo. iied tach in its plac-. The philosophical d itorof .the ' Flore s u p.h Scr res. ot iiilgium, uni..say" that the ofSc s of the leaves ar chiefly perspiratory, and "that they will be so acknowledged some day. Many others are coming to be uf this opinion. From the great quantity of water know to .be giv ri off from' the leaves of vegetables while growing, Wd may rea sonably conclude that matter enough for rotvth is can led up by tne sap to ac count tor all we see. even supposing that the amount is small iu a gven quanty of water. The continual, rising of this mat ter, and being left tor growth, would first make ltapp-ar as 'milky, as I have ob served in early spring on taking oif the bark of oak timber; as it becomes more dt nse it would "assume a jelly-like ap pearance, as I have witnessed in taking o.T the bark of apple tree, about the 20 h day of the first summer month, to try to cure such trees of the bitter rot. Tnen. aain, at the fair of the Itaf, it has be come firm wood, and at this season there is little water in growing woo l, less than at any other season. In late siaiimer and early fail, we olien have dry weath er, favorable for well ripening wo id, but sometimes 'we have wet in the tail o as itrstan late growth; we ihen knw that such late wood is n it able .o sta VI iho wiuter'aiiely, but isolteu inj ired, partic ularly if cold'-ei$ in early: Lite grow ing plants are more liable!' to be injured iu this way, than those, that perfect their g'owth'arly The oak and similar trees. that never, start into second gro.vth , the i same season, do not sutler in this way. MVe have reason to believe that th rckits of pareunial plants take in. water as !.-ap at all seasons, exn-pt wheu i?terripi--d by dro it h or frost, eith-r uf , which prevent it..-. Thus hi Sail ii.j i winter, in .11 ... ...l.,.- n ...r...'rr . c I ill ill, for 5 IT . , ' . V i , li J u' c '.,-;- ci,nii uve use-wheii the war.n.hof spring shall induce active growih.' ' Miscellanies.. . . Who is tLD ? A wise man will nev. er rust out. As long as he can move and breathe he will do something for himself, his neighbor, or for posterity. Almost to the last hour of his lif Washington was at work. So were Franklin aud Young. Howard and Newton. The vigor of their lives-never1 decayed. No rust marred adopted it and brought it to a regular their.'spiriis.v ."It is a fojlish idea to sup.- Jsyiem on an extensive scale. His for pose that we must lie dovvn and dm .be- mula for compounding the mucilage is as cause we are old. Who in old ? Not the man of -enertry; not'the 'day laborer in tcience,-art, or benevolence; hut he only woo suffers' his energies to wate away ana. the bpnugsot me to.iec.wne moM-m- lesv, on whose Lands the hours drag'ing water, then put on the fire, pouring rieavilv." to whom all ihinra wear ar thegirb of gloom. Is he ou ? is he active f nan he breathe freely and movj wi?h agility ? There are. scores of gray .adod in ea werdtioa. After boiling thirty ; ;inuwi i should prefer, in any important enter prise, to those young gentlemen who fear and tremble at approaching shadows, and turn pale, as at a lion iq their, path, at a harsh word or a frown. - ' A New Volcaito. A Roman journal states thai something like an incipient volcano has rnade is appearance near the Ciyita Vecchi Railway, about two leagues from Rome. ,A committee of engineers and geologists have been sent.to examine the eruptions of smoke and sulphureous exhalations which have been obsetved. In their report they state that the seat of the fire is on the right-hand side of the railway, at a place called iMontedelle Piche. For the space of 200 square metres the ground is so hot that no one can stand 'on it long without feeling in convenienced, . There are numerous large fissures through which jets .of hot bitu minous vapor issue. The'soil around is covered with light crystals of sulphur, and on digging to the depth of fire feet the rock is found . to be incandescent. This rock i- a clayey schist,. full of lignite and vegetable fossils transformed into bitu men. It is supposed to have been set. on fire by sparks from a locomotive. It is not attended with' the least danger, but the neighboring population is nevertheless much alarmed. :. , ; More Big Guns. The Pittsburgh Chronical states that the Fort Pitt 'Works in Pittsburgh, are turning out the im mfnse fifteen inch guns rnow at the rate of., three a week. These, guns weigh eai.-h.in the , rough about 70,000 pounds, and apart from the difficulty of casting, the labor of handling! turning' and finish ing such a mass of metal' 'must be'ini mense. There are four of these guns nyw in the lathes, and by .he time these are out. others will be ready to take their place. It is the intention to .turn out three a week, we believe! for the balance of the yftp. These; guns 'are intended for the ntw.-Monitors, and are the most formidable of their character in the. world, Arrangements are now in progress for casting a' twenty imth gun." The latter gun will throw a ball of one thousand pounds, and is expecteJ to have a range of four miles. -t;: - I A Vice, that Pays. -The following -is attributed to an eminent personage, perhaps the most emin"ut of the French empire: A lady was declaiming in his presence against the use of tobacco, and prayed that he would arrest the encroach ments of a habft which had grown to be a vice." 'A vice it may be, madam," was the reply, "but find me a 'vittue" which yields" the Treasury- one "hundred 'aud twenty; millions of francs a year," . . Illinois Cotton. We , have seen a. sample of cotton grown in Illinois, about fifteen miles north of the Terre Haute and Alton Railroad, from seed procured in Tennessee, and planted last May. It is of fine quality, equal, to the best Ten nessee, aud we are told that the yield of a patch of five acres will amount to fifteen hundred pounds. At the present price this will be a very profitable crop, much more so than wheat or corn. There are in Illinois more than two million acres of superior cotton lands, situated south of the place where'tee sample was grown, and from the experiments in its culture made this. year in almost every instance satisfactory, we are led to believe that eo.tton is to become a staple article of the produce of Illino s. Oueplauter alone is preparing his ground with the view to planting twelve hundred acres, and many others will engage in the business m ore or less extensively. Ev. Ppsl. Rearing CalVcs. on 3111k anil Lin- seed Meal. ..,. No doubt but the best and mo?t proper food for the calf is its own dam's milk ; for it is a true food, in which the compo nents of nutrition are o nicely balanced by the all-wise and beneficent t reator'as to set at naught ail human compositions ; but it is of so much value for human con sumption, that it becomes necessary to economise it, and make imitations of it, though at a. very; humble, distance; and thus it is that science comes to our aid. Professor Johnston says, in his Lecturt s on Agricultural Chemistry," that "while the calf is young, during the first two or three weeks, its bones and muscles chiefly grow.r It requires the material:, of these, therefore.' more than fat, and hence half the milk it gets at first may be skimmed, and a little bean meal maybe mixed with it to add more of the casein or curd, out f of .which; the muscles are formed ;The costive effect's of the bean meal are to be guarded again-t by occasional medicine if required, in the next stage more fat is necessary; and in the third week, at least, full. milk should be given, anil more milk thau the mother supplies if . the calf requires u; or, instead of the cream, a i less costly kind of fat maybe used. Oil cae finely crushed, or linseed meal, or even liuseed oil. may supply at a cheap . , . . . , rate the fat, which, in. form of crenm sells for much money ; and instead of ad ditional milk, bean meal in large quan tities msy le tried, and if cautiously and trees, while that on the bluffs only prunes skillfully -used, the hest effects on theV them, as there is not sufficient for des t ize of the calf and firmness of tha veal ! truction. may, be anticipated.! . . . The scientific note from Professor Johnston has engaged1 the attention of pi my stock-masters in Ireland, and among the rest, Mr. C Beamish,, of Cork, who follows: thirty quarts of boiling water are .poured on three quarts of linseed meal j and four quarts of' bean meal. .It is th-n. .covered up clo.-e ; and in twenty-four i nuurs auaua 10 tmny-one quarsd tu ii - it in slowly, aud stirring it coostamiy to prevent lumps, with a perforated wooden ' paddle, so a. to proMdce perfect inrpo. the prepared mucilage or gruel is fit for use, kand should be given blood or luke warm to the calves, mixing it in small quantities at first with- milk, say one fourth mucilage with three-fourths milk, progressively increasing it, ao that by the end of .a fortnight it will he in tq ia! parts: by, the end of the third week, one and a-half mucilage to one part milk ; by the end of the Fourth week the muci lage may be given in double the quantity of -milk, and. skim milk substituted for new milk; and by the end of the sixth week, the mucilage will be gradually in creased in the proporti n of two and a half to one of milk; and frorn that on till the tenth week the milk may be gradu ally reduced, so that by that time they may be fed wholly on mucilage, till they are fifteen or sixteen week'3 old, when they may be weaned. During all this time, if too early in the season to put out the calves, they should be comfortably . housed, well ventilated, and kept perfectly sweet and clean ; a little sweet hay tied in bandies and sus pended, so that they may play wi h it and learn to nibble and eat it; and a litth pounded chalk, mixed with fait, given in troughs to ,lick at pleasure, , which pre vents acidity in the stomach, and the due formation of cud. Small lumps of linseed cake should be given in other troughs. which they will soon learn to sut k, i: a lutle pains are taken to put a bit in 'heir mouths after they have taken their meals ot milk and mucilage. When housed it will be advisable to have a separate pen for 'each calf of sufficient" size to walk abouu.so thai they do not get into the habil of .sucking each other and swallow ing the hair, which, united with the curd by the regurgitating process going on in the stomach', form round balls which are indigestible, an I is the r fertile caue of the death of many promising animals. The following scaje of quantity of milk or milk and mucilage combined for each calf may be useful, but should be altered according to circumstances': For the first week the calf may get from three to four quarts daily; for -the second week, four to five quarts; fifth, and sixth weeks., eight to ten quarts: six to eight weeks, ten to twelve quans per day, and so on, increasing the quantity about one' quart per Week per calf till weaning time. ' i Some parties do not give so much liquid food per day, but make it up by giving them finely cut roois, dry oat meal &c.j but the animals are much too' young for such food,' though they may get the minced roots so as to train them into their use.iHay tea is an' admirable thing als to mix, with the mucilage and milk, as it contains a large amount of nutriment in a soluble form. In the summer time the calves may be left out on the grass, both day .and night, in a fortnight after they are. calved (and fed as already described they should be in the house); but a warm sheltered pad dock should be provided for them, and' in wet weather they should have access to a covered shed. Irish Farmer'' s Gazitfe. Western Prairies, ; Why are they not forests?' I have not seen as much 'of the prairies, as appears to have been the case with the correspon dent in your August number.' But I have drawn certain conclusions from my lim ited knowledge that may be worth print ing. . There is a remarkable stratum of sand .underlying th-; limestone rock, and ex tending over a large district on the Upper Mississippi. In this sand is the remark able, cave near St. Paul, Min. .The lar gest chamber I estimated , to be 70 x 40, and IS feet high, oval in plan, and arched like a tortoise shell. It has so little tenacity that sand swallows build their nests in it. It is readily detached by the fiugtr nail, when it resembles sea-sand. But it approaches so nearly tosadd stone rock,' that it supports itself in the fcrm .f an arched roof in this cave. The sarn i stratum is found at Fort Snelling. ;At the falls of Minnehaha it is worn away under the projecting rock, so as to form a gallery under the falls from side to side. It is found under the rocky cap at the conical hill t ailed "The Lone Mound" in Wabashaw County. Minn., and thence (dug out for making rnonar. It is said to be found under the rock when digging wells at Janesville, Wis." I suppose it cah be found anywhere in this district along the bluffs. ' ' The. geological position of the prairie about Fort. Snelling, and the Falls of St. Anthony, ect. is above the upper lime stone rock. Th'j prairie in the valley of the Zumbaro. in' Wabashaw Co., Min., is below the1 upper limestone rock.' This valley is several miles in width. The soil when wet resembles black city mud. The earth is composed with much lime mixed with other drift. It is based on magnesian' limestone. The few trees have large roots and small stems. The bluffs have full size trees in abundance. I infer,, that the rank vegetation on these prairies, when fired, destroys the r Thus tne early German settlers in the Lebanon valley, Pa., chose, the gravel Irnd on account of the timber, because in their fatherland, timber waVvery valua ble. The limestone. -land adjoining and running parallel, was a treeles prairie The reUtiv- fertility may be judged by subsequent j rices. The gravel land snie j years smce sold' for about S3.5, while the ! limestone land sold for $100 to &120 per acre. . ;i . ; . Thus. also, about forty years since, an extensive wnueccaar vooi ou ihe iNnv , ark irca.lows was destroyed by fire, and , now there remains L0ihubut a treeless ' prairie. ,'.'.. ; Hence I infer th it theabsn'e of trees , in iqc&e cuavs lud.caits txwjijo fertile ity. :But we must not thence infer that prairie," although French for meadow, is synonymous with fertility; for as used . at the west, it simply signifies tre dess," afd this at tiraos 'arises from want of 'fer-'" tility. Thus oh the railroad route from Madison to Prairie du Chien, there is a sand prairie, of small extent, where the superincumbent limestone a ppea;s to have been washed away, leaving the substra tum of sand exposed, in places, without mixture with fertilizi g ingredients; and ' the vegetation is not greater than near: the sea-shore. So, also, in the fertile rolling prairies, small hillocks are found with scauty vegetation. It is also stated that there are large districts in the neighborhood of the Ricky Mountains, that are without trees, and almost without vegetation, in consequence of the excess of. alkaline salts. BjI in some of th level prairies, suih as thosa surrounding Chicago, the absence of trees is probably due to fire, since there are soue trees that will grow almost ia the water, and I judge that these prai-, ries'are less wet than the cedar swamps on th Newark meadows, and other cases of beech wood. ' ' ' Resistance to the Draft in Indians. On -Monday, Sept. 29th, the Draft Commissioner for Blackford county pro ceeded ;to the Court House at Hartford; City with, his ballot-box, prepared ballots and enrollment lists, .for the purpose of making "ihe draft.' While in the dischare " of this duty, the Court House was enter ed by 'an armed mobwho took possession of . the- ballot-box and ballots, and de stroyed them. They also got possession of the 'enrollment lists o: a township ' which they supposed to be the c'ne from which the heaviest draft was i& te made, and destroyed it. It turned out, however,. tj.be that of another township, waere a slight draft only was required. The mob numbered oyer fifty, mostly residents of one -iowhsbip' where a secret society of buiternoti is known to exist. They we ro " armed with pistols, knives, cjubs and oiher -missiles, and every one of them is an 8th of January Democrat. Besides those present and participating in the . mob, about 150- others are' inipHcateti. The ' names.: of ; nearly all ihese offenders against the law will be obtained in due time. Oa receipt cf the information at CommissioneGeneral Siddal's office on yesterday, copies of the' enrollment list destroyed and new ballots were made cut and .sent to -Blackford county by a roes- senger, who probably reached thers last , night. He was accompanied by five com, panies of the 53d Indiana, in command . of Col. John1 S. Williams. ' The orders of the military are to pro'.ect the 'Com- rniissioner in making the draft-which . will be done to-day,) and to arrest and return to the" military camps here for duty during the war, every man implicat ed in this open resistance to the enforce ment of the drafting of militia. .Marshal ' Rose is determined to do his duty in this matter and to test th3 question whether rebellion to the laws is to be tolerated in Indiana Col. Williams's instructions ait to remain in the county until every one of the traitors is arrested, and we have confidence, that Col. W'. is the very man to carry out his instructions to the letter. IndianapUs Journal. ' l ' 4 ' 1 u The Rev. Canon James on Best Rooms. The Rev lectcrar much depecated the custom that prevails not only among the poorer classes, but even a little higher in the social ?cale, of retaining the best room in ' the house as the one to be least used ane least enjoyed. lie thought there was nothing more dismal thau to be shown into a fine tut what he might term stagnant and unwholesome draw nig -room; and .he recommended that the largest and best rooms should bb' used for ordinary purposes. Ilia, object was that there should be no "company" rooms in the modern la borers' hemes ; for where they were found they were sure to involve an un tidy and .comfortless every day exists ence'in the washhouse or the scullery. The really tidy housewife and good mother, who took a pride in h?r home, would prefer guch an arrangeroent, although it might employ a lititle more labor thau the other ! system; and it was only the slattern who, for the sako of Sunday finery, was content to livo all the week , in discomfort, and dirt. Builder. An earnest countryman lately stopped the lightning train over tho Lake Shore railroad, rear Mentor, with wild gesticulation a3 he stood near the track. When the . conductor and some excited passengrs demanded to know what's the matter?" the coun tryman drawled out: "I was tkiking of going to Erie some iime this yere sum mer, and I tho't I'd lam the price you'd ax a feller for going." "How is this?" said an old friend of Col. Blunk, of the regular army, as he met hi-n on Broadway, New York, the other day ; "I thought you declared I yen would resign if the President- issued aa anti-slavery proclamation, -and yet you ".! vv.' ji jhviiu;i3uu9 .-.nil. v. lvy 1 "V" ,4T ' ! r5m3" ' nd 1 hav done so Every ay:l ihle article see.ns bojnl to grt to lint ju-i't now. The oddest in stance of thi th-t we have, ye heard of however, was furnished Yesterday- I bv our Milesian reporter, 'who oa le ' ing a.-ked for a loan of hi.-? umlrf ila,: j said tht it list already 1 ' t ! i
