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About Nebraska advertiser. (Brownville, Nemaha County, N.T. [Neb.]) 1856-1882 | View Entire Issue (Sept. 27, 1862)
.r. jU3l Lcti rRnsinJT EVERT . SATCRDATBT Block.' Main Street. story DUlt J3EU A ' . . V A S t FISHER r niorKiE-foiis ,. .. .i.i in advance, - - - - $2 00 Wjithfendof; month. 2 JO I . r m-.rf will b furnished at $1 60 per nM (withe cai-b accompanies me oraer, not I. NESS- CARDS.. rf F- STEWART, CLECTIC; PHYSICIAN surgeon, XriLLE, AXRIIASKA. J J . 1 ill. - Droit Store, Whitney' t . 1 rrtJT! A PFLICTED. f 0 . 1K. A. G Q DFIUiY, . WySlCIAN,- STJE.GEO t ' A " D ' OBSTETRICIAN, . .n V: ail'" Uavinz twenty-five years expe- ,in .i' sneine and olio or me correpnii- 'Cl !," I'M inaueiiMy in Br,wnvtMe, ami ' i'r ie'h!e in inreviuui services to the ,'tt.e aruf re- cit- i,..iT"''',!'r i "'".. I., rlif.iT.iC Ch.' t- ii in it ci lice iii service iu uiiiiuuu ii4i(-t', ,l u-i.-nan Tnniyr and Sre ii-.eiei oi long :.flii Ahu-ee and r o"i'"" ''llv ,!'l Kaliihg Sieknesn. Palpy, '';' D.-jeii-y, C'tii-nauitinn lit ttie flr-t nl ""i-'ce Inin'v i f me f"fw, ami diseases of t'nd l'lr'umUr a'teuiion iail to Ague. rSViii ii i-a.'ie!'el pi'e re'ert-nce Ut ui(i-e pro-,-ei nVo'l"e iu tl'e l''i1e'lbiatCB,ud afterwards -nlvi'fl .iin-1 at all hi.nrS. cither at J. IT. Matin's m wf, r t Ii " dweiliug house, when not nsaned J e.M.iia. '-incss. r. . . r. hi i .Surf livrii. 'vmi pit ii: iitiiiuiiv.'. II. M. ATKINSON, Attorney at law, SOLICITOR IN CHAMCERY. 03i-e corner or Main and Firct Sts. Croveuvillo, IC. T- DR. D. GVIN, Earini jeruinontly Located rear . '3R0WNVILLE,. NEBRASKA, For the pnu tic wf Medicine and Surgery, ten jrshif profcsMnnal services to the a.Tlictt d. I ft one mile 6outh cf town, on the ild Xixon N. ' 1 AUGUSTUS SCHOENIIEIT, 1TT0RNEY AT LAW, SOLICITORS CHANCERY, Ctrncr First and Main Streets, Vomii illr. - - - Aenrasiia 1CCKS, YATCKES, JEWELRY. j J. SCIIUTZ - Would atoitincewo the Jitiiena of Brwnvllle nd ricinitv that he has located himseU in KiiBrowiiville, andinten'ls keeping a rull assort. ui..t eterytUnttin his lineof business, which will ililewforcah. He will also do all kimis of re-l-.nt f clocks, watchet. and jewelry . Ail work war- .M( v3nlSly ! 1 ' IDWARD W. THOMAS, ATTORNEY AT LAW, AND jLICITOR in chancery. I Vfflce orner ef Miu and First Streets. ) IRUWN V1LLE. NEBRASKA. FAIRBANKS' . STANDARD S C A LES Or ALL KINDS. Also, WErehoti8e Trucks, Letter Presses, &e. UP.BANK?. GREEHLEAF & CO., 12 LIKE ST., CHICAGO, Itltp rareiiM. tn 1 huy only the genuine . ;..ue l'i.u. 1SS3 ni5-3in I TllO.MAS DAVIS, tCLECTIC PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON", JiUE ROCK, NEBRASKA l:VriMice, Jr. I). ivrin, Hruwnville. "n:,'!.T,I. nl;)-Iv LEWIS WALDTER, Boise sign axd ouxamextal el1izeu am) tafeit uaxger. l;i()VNVILLi:, N. T D. A. C O X ST A RLE SON, I.MPOhTER AND PKALEH I" S 1 iiiiljlj IN ii.lJLlO. I , . -y--r ' Ml(;s, PRLr.S, AXLES, FILE-j UEIjIjO ws, , - AND U CKSMlTirS TOOLS ii tr M Hubs, Spokes, and Bent. Stuff. I . T'iir-a Street, between Felix and Edmoud, 'AIM - JOSEPH, MO. i, j "Jh le sells sk St. Louts price for cash. ... I .JRhest Price Paid lor Scrap Iron. j j U-rl. lS5j. lv. ' y ! J. WILSON BOLLINGER, COUNSELLOR AT LAW, fral and Collecllnsr Aprrnt. jTiUCE, (iAt.K (U, i ECU ASK A. ' pr icti.-e i i the sere al Curts in (Sage and i ti.ur.tj"?, and will give prompt attention f !.luiB!i mu-ustc d to him. Colleotinns jo-ompt-?l e- lif articular attention given to loent- ' aj " srracts on lands carefully selected by 'if.' d-'-rCS. 'fit. r,12-vlv 3.1 DIKES' PEAK GOLD! i iii nce,v. Pike's Peak Gold, and advance ,",ir,'lr"" tle me. and pay over balance of proceeds 5- v 'ui returns are had. In all caes. I !' 1 '"Ue lifiDted return, nf itin lTnitJ States JfiD' J i.ffic. JK'fl T r a t o r W Tit. ' u a n l) w n i flLU0X AXD EXCilAXGE BROKER BROWMVILLr, NEBRASKA. no20v4 U4 0 E. LTOOTJV A- SON. I A fl A T) -T TVT TTT) OTtDTPCI V olesola and T?pf nil Dpalef a in Fruit. rt and Ornamental Trees, CiOCKS FOR XERSLUYSIEX. ..oc i a-") , ! t. au-1 post Mster wh will a.ldrei 4 in ...f ":' l;,'ed ii h Garrtrn. Field and s this . . . Til i n ... . . . Flower A i ll rrJ "." '"""'niixi.ion at fair rHtis. Thee seeds 1 L uwn here and sre irne to nnie. 'Si Katvi?-r SrrttCU'e O1, Co.- 2 1 I M vol. vir. WORKS MANUFAtJTUEING COMPANY. :1 ' ro VCU WANT STEAM EX(i!XKS 01 BOILERS PATENT SrflAR CANE MILLS, Patent steam coil evaporators, patent fikk evaporators, patent stamp mills, rOK PIKE'S PEAK OK IjAKE SUPERIOR. SKNl FOIt CIKCL'LAUS, M"ith Cut, and Decri:ti'HA. Prce. etc., tic. SAW MILLS FLOURING MILL. . AND MACH1KRT OF. ALL DESCRIPTION. Isi;D FOit riitrri.Mts.jfj P. W. G ATES, Preiident. N. B. Agents wanted everywhere. Chlcngo- it. w. i uu.NAs, Af;i:.N r, Ilrtiwnvillr, Nebraska Of whom Circular! &ud detailed inlortnation can te hud. March 20, 13G2. fn37-lyj JOHN L C ARSON (Successor to Lubhbauph it'CarBon.- LAND AND TAX PAYING Dealer in Coin, Uncurrent - Money, Land Warrants, Exchange, and Gold JJust MAIN STHECT. BUOTi.VILX,E, iCHUASnA. 1 will civ-e eopeclal attention tobnylns and selling ex change on the principal cities of the United Slates and Europe, Guld Silver, uncurrent Hank Bills, and Gold Dust, Collections made on all accessible points, and proceeds remitted in exchange at current rates. Deposits received on current account, and interest al lowed on special deposit. OFFICE, 3IAIX STREET. KETIVEEX THE Tclei apli and the U. S. ; . Land Offices. REFER EJ"C E S: Lind &. Brother Philadelphia, Pa. J. W. Carson is. Co., " niser. Dir;k i Co. Baltimore, Md. Vounz Is. Carson, " Jeo. Thompson Maoon, Col'r of Port, ". " wrn. T, Smithson, E1., Hanker, Washington D. C. J. T. Stevens. Esu., Att'y at Law, " Jno. S. GaKauer, Late 3d Aud. U. S Tarlor &. trie'jh, Bankers, McClelland, Pye co., n u. Thomas G. Pratt, lion. Jas. O. Carson, P. B. Smali. Esq., Pres't S. Bank, Chicago, 111. St . Louis, Mo. Annapolis, Md. Meicersburg Pa Ilagertown, Md. Col. Geo. Shlfy, A'y at Law. Col. S.i in. lUmbletou Att'y at Law, Esston, Md. Cumberland, Md Havana, Alabma. Nov 8. lS60-tf . Judpe Thos. Perry, i'rof. n. Tutwiler, JACOB MARHON, MERCHANT TAILOR, BROWNVILLE, Calls the attention of Gentlemen desiring new, neat, 6ervicable and fashionable WEARING APPAREL, TO HIS HewStock of Goods JUST RECEIVED, BROAD CLOTnS. CASSIMERS, VESTIS6S. &C..&C, OF THE VERY LATETT STYLES, Which he will sell or make up, to order, at unprece dented low price. Tn 't-e wishnte any thing in his line will do well to call and examine his stock Jexre investing, as he pledges binelf to hold" out peculiarly favor ible ln durernonts. Fehruary 13th, 1S62. BROWNVILLE i&, K"51iH -fr i v v m aoi jf j THORN, COLMA U, CO. Announce to the travel intr public that th?ir splendid and commodious dteaiu Ferry running acrons irom Brownvillc, .SS Nebraska. isone'of the best rn every Tepect on the fpper Mis souri river. The Boat makes reenlar trips every hour uMimL nn time will be lest in wailing. The baiikt. ..n bjth mdes of the river are low and wel". (traded which renders unloading unneoeetary as is the c.ise at most other terries. No fears need be entertained a' to difficulties at or near ttns crossiiip, as rr j i"-' " of the river, is for the I'mon the strongest Kino Our charges too an Item thee hard times are lower ban at auy other crossing. Travelers from Kansas to Iowa and to tbe east will and his the nearest and best route i" every respect. THORN, COLEMAN. & CO. Brbwnville, Nebraska, Sept. 2Ut, 1SG1. REAL ESTATE A N I) Collection Office OF H. W,BedfQra 1J'?0 iN VlLLfc, INDUAOlViV. Main, Bdween Levze and First Streets. Particular attention Riven to the Purchase and Sale ol Ileal Estate, .llakinpr Col lection nnl Payment of Taxes lor KonResi- deniN, LAND W ATiUANTS FUR SALE, for cash and on 11 LA5D WARRANTS LOCATED forEasterhCap ituliMfijOn lands selected from personal examination, and complete Township Map. showing Stream, Timber, Ac, torwaraea wuu tue veruiicans oi iov. tion. Brownville.N.T. Jan. 3. lSdl. jl THE HOKACF. UATr.Its PIANOS AND illELODIANS. And Alexandre Organ?, and T.'dlLBERT k Co. celebrated iEolian Pianog, nre the finest instrument, for parlors and churches now in use. A large assort ment can he wen at the new warerooms, No. 431 BKOADWA V, between Grand and Broome treati which will be aold at extremely low prices. Pian6 and Meloden, from sundry makers, new and second ' hand Second hand Pianos and Melodeons at treat bargains; prices from f 25 to $100. Sheet Musi.;, Music-Book, and all Kinds of Muie MerchandiM, al war prices. A pianist n attendance will try new music. OPINIONS OF THE TRESS. ' "TheTIoraee Waters Pianos are known an among the tery best. We are enabled to ?pak of thene instruments with eoiue depree of ronfidence, frrim jrsonal knowledge of their excellent tone and du-rableqMftlity."-Vce Yort Entnydiit. n41-ly SUGAR CANE MILLS AM) EVAPO RATOKS IlavMiK been appointed fcee-nt for the Eaele Works Supsr Cane Mill and Evaporator. Clue jro, 111.. I ;n cretared to MM ordeit.ai toe manufacturer' prUe. ' p,ies of Wills, irom $4a to $3J. Lvaprau.r frm ft2t) 10 $35. Addrefs l-.vv 'Ur N w March t7, lb62. n3Mf. BroTQViiis, Web. 'MEEBTY AND BROWNVILLE, NEBRASIyA, SATURDAY; The Honey Bee's Song. WHAT IM BEK Sisca TO THK CHILDREN. I ro honey bee, Busting away - Over the blosoms The long summer day ; Now in the Jily 'a cup ' Drinking my fill, Now where th roses bloom . Under the hill. . Gaily we fly Jly fellows and I, Seeking the honey our hive to supply. Up in the morning No latnrda are we Skimming the clover-sops Uipe fir the bee, . Waking the flowers At dawning of day, Ere the bright sun Kiss the dew-drops away. Merrily finding. i Huily winging Back to the hive with tbe store we re bringing, No idla moments Have we through the day, 1 No viuio to squander In sloep or in play; Summer flying And we must be sure Food for the winter At once to seenre. Bees in a hive Are op and alive Lazy folks never. can prosper or thrire. Awake, liUle mortals, No harvest for thou N' ho wato their best hours In slothful repose; Com n out to the morning All bright things belnog And listen awhMe To I ho honey bee's song. Merrily singing, Busily winging, Industry ever its own reward bringing. from the Country Gentleman. Agriculture or the Ancients. Though from necessity, agriculture and pastoral life were the chief occu pation of man in the early as well as later history of tbe world, and though we are assured by contemporaneous writings that many books were written by Greek and Roman authors, on the 6ubject of improving the soil and the products thereof, yet any authentic history of ancient agriculture has not come down to us, and with the excep tion of two or three poems and an equal number of prose fragments, we find no information upon the subject except in the allusions in the Bible and the thin scatterings through pro fane literature, and the mysterious hieroglyphics from disemboweled cities Sacred history, is of course the earliest record we have of rural affairs. Ilesiod, said by Herodotus to be a contemporary of Homer, but whom modern antiquarians have satifactorily bhown flourished about one hundred years after, and 750 B. C, in his poem of works and days, gives a collection of prospects, many of them economi cal, and in what we should call 'Poor Richard" style, and concludes with a sort of calendar for the agriculturist. This poem is the first of its class didactic, and looking upon personal and practical life, and is the model upon which Virgil framed his Geor gics. Zenophon, another Greek, who lived 450 B. c, and besides his great merit as a military commander, as shown in his conducting the celebrated retreat of the ten thousand mercena ries in the service of Cyrus the youn- per. after the disastrous battle of Cunaxa, recorded by himself, and as a historian, was also lanions as a phil osopher, and shared with Plato the conversation of Socrates. In the dialogue entitled '"GSconomicus," Soc rates is represented as one of the characters or interlocutors, and thus gives his sanction to the views of Ze nophoh, who discourses at large on the science, of good husbandry, the cultivation of garden and farm, the regulation of a household, and the relative duties of wite and husband. ' -' ... . From this essay we obtain a better knowledge of Greek agriculture than from any other source. - Cicero $peak of it as verv useful and worthy of study. . Of the agriculture of the early Ro mans, we know but little, but of its later history and especially during the most prosperous period of that great Empire, we have comparatively full record in the treatise of Cato, who lived in the eecond century before Christ, in the Goergks of Virgil on the beginning of the Christian era, and in the subsequent writings of Pliny the naturalist. Pliny says that some of the most famous houses among the ancient Horaans, such as the Pisones, Fabii, Lentuli, &cM took their names from their favorite crops and vegetables. They did not believe in large farms half cultivated. On the first division of the lands by Romulus, no ' one had more than two acres. Atter tne ex pulsion of the kings seven acre3 were allowed. Cincinnatus had only four acres, which he cultivated with his own hands, and thus was he employed when chosen. to be Consul ; also after wards, when summoned to be Dictator and save his country. During the civil wars following the deatu of Julius Crcsar. agriculture hd become much neglected, and go great was the dis tress during the reign of Augustus, h.,t 11 aIsisaps-ber?an to murmur and rant thn blame uncn the adrainitra- ; ...- in tiiu cr,Tti ni i inn iiiirLriiii!. .1. . a .rv: . r..,n ll'JU. . JIW mis ofc-m v o 1 the favorite, or as we should say. the prime minister of the emperor and patron of Virgil, . 4. Horace and other UNION, ONE AND INSEPEKABLE, NOW learned men, happily desired Virgil to write a treatise upon Jagnculture, for the purpose of reviving the agricultu ral interests of the country, and avert ing thereby the .impending evils.--Seven years were spent in the work, and when the Georgics' appeared, it was almost everywhere well received, and Itally soon assumed a flourishing appearance. By this poera, the most perfect and finished in the Latin lan guage, Virgil conferred a greater blessing upon his country, than if in the field he had obtained splendid vic tories. Peace ha3 her triumphs as well as war ! Th a rules , for the im provement of husbandry, and the ad vice given to the farmer upon, the many subjects connected with it, were not only suited to the climate of Italy, but in a measure to all places where agriculture is held in' due esti mation. In closing an account of the writers of antiquity who tdied light upon the pursuits of the farmer, we should not omit Cicero, who in his treatise on old age, discourses o charmingly upon the pleasures of husbandmen, which are not checked by any old age, and appear to make the nearest approach to the life of a wise man. '..'Nothing can be more profitable, nothing more beautiful, than a well cultivated farm. He also says that he wrote a book respecting rural affairs, in . which he treated of the advantages of manuring. concerning which the learned Hesiod had not said a single word." ' To return to the practice of hus bandry by ancient nations, upon which great light has been recently thrown by paintings and inscriptions upon the ancient tombs, particularly those of the Egyptians, many of which, after the lapse of two or three thousand years, retaip the distinctness or. out line and brilliancy of color of recent productions, we discern that many things supposed of modern invention, were known to the earliest peoples. Egypt was the granary of the world, in addition to supplying her own im mense population ; and manyfold were the contrivances of harvesting, as well as preserving her immense yield of corn and other cereals. The Holy Annals tell us of the immense quanti ty produced during the seven plente ous years in Joseph's time, affording a sufficiency of corn to supply the whole population during seven years of dearth, as well as all countries which sent to Egypt to buy it. Their granaries appear to have been under ground, and travellers in that country in recent times tell us ot very large open dry wells found in dry places on the sides of a sloping hill. Thompson's "Land andr the Book," vol. 2, p. 204. In climates tree trom rain tnese were nronaoiv me musi, . . , 1 I 1 - ' .4- convenient receptacles, particularly - - - I mJ when, as in the case of besieged pla ces, provisions had to be preserved for many years. Askalon was besieged 29 years. Wilkinson's Egypt instructs us that there were smaller granaries adjoining the house, and that in fact v i ii.i- an Egyptian villa comprised all the conveniences of the present day, gar dens, orchards, fish pond and game preservers. . And Diodorus says "Being from their infancy brought up to agricultural pursuits, they far ex celled the husbandmen of other coun tries, and had become acquainted with the capabilities of the laud, tne mode of irrigation, the exact season for C ' sowing and reaping, as well as all the most useful secrets connected with, the harvest, which they had derived from their ancestors, and had improved by their own experience." : They, the other eastern nations, took good care of their cattle Numbers 32; lb'. IIab. 3;17. 2Chron,32i 28. They appeared to have cut their provender Judges 19 ; 21. . 1 Kings 4 ; 28. They were acquainted with the arts ot the dairy Prov, ; 31. xne pain tings" on the tenbs 6how the plowing by oxen -abreast, (see also Deut. 22 ; 10,) the same scattering tha seed irom a basket, a horse breaking up the clods, and a roller drawn by horses abreast. (See I. Samuel 13; 20, as to the plowshare and coulter.) Mods em scholars seem to agree that bar-, rowing was unknown to them, though the word is mentioned in our transla rim. f.Tnh 39: 10 1) and modern trav- ellers in the east say no harrow is used, but the ground is plowed a sec ond time after it is sown to cover the grain. Mr. Thompson, in his recent volumes, (Land and tho Book, vol. 1, p. 20,) speak of seeing the natives plowing in Lebanon in the winter, when the ground was soft and satu rated with wet. Their little plows made no proper furrow, but merely root up and threw the soil on either side, several followed each other on the same furrow. Seven plows were thus at wort at one time. See also 1. Kings 19 ; 9. Diodorus says, "They traced slight furrows with light plows on the sarf ice of t!he land' W mt a wen th 61 n-.eainnff is uHen Jr. .'a.L I Parlhiii'-st .ivj th in y i i 1 l . i ,u n i u i . ..i. wori ..,'. . . . for plowing in the original i.h derived irom a llet rew roor, vnen mihups it dent thouglit and aUcntutiif Ucno uug j iy;: ! Ay Ay Ay AylAy AND TOUEVEIL" SEPTEMBER 27, 1862. that too much care could not be devo ted to it, and for the same reason plowmen among the Greeks were always selected from persons ' over forty years of age, who having, it was presumed, sown their own i wild oats, would give more Care to those of their employers. Harrowing, according. to Licero, derives its name, occaiw, from its confining what is hidden within the bosom of the earth, covering the seed having been with the Greek and Ro mans the only purpose of that instru ment. ; ' : 1 ' " ' The Egytians used hoes, or rather picks, looking like a scythe or. letter A. made of wook, and one: limb shor ter than the other, with which they picked the ground to pieces after the plow had passed. See Isaiah, 7; 25. The m.onern Egyptians have invented a substitute for the hoe, to be used after plowing, called "hedge-hog," which is a regular clod crusher, not unlike those used in England, and first brought into notice at the great Exhibition of 1851, consisting of a cylinder, studded with projecting iron pins. Wilkinson says they top dressed with nitrous soil,. which was spread on the soil, (and the custom is continued to the present day,) but this was confined to certain crops, and these rearad late in the year. Of their other manures we know but little, but as from the scarcity of wood, all Eastern nations were in the habit of using dung for fuel, they de pended probably principally upon ir. rigation and following the land, and the necessity of the latter is , the rea son it was so strongly enjoined by the law givers. Lcvit. 18: 23; 25: 3; Hosea. 10: 12. This seventh years fallow prevented the exhaustion of the soil, which was further enriched by the burning of the weeds, and spon taneous growth of the sibbatical year. The corn when ripe was cut with either sickle or scythe, and was bound into sheaves, and conveyed with carts at once to the threshing floor or barn. It was never stacked. The threshing floor were as in the East now, level plots of ground in the open air. 2 Sam., 24 : 18. Wilkinson's Egypt. The wind there removed the chief part of the chaff. Thrash, says Hesiod, in a breezy place and on well rounded floors. Oxen generally tron over the grain, and pigs, asses, goats, &c, ac cording to Herodotus, trod in the sed; after it was sowed. The ox was un muzzled, (Deut. 25, 4,) and eat as he went his rounds. In later times the Jews appear to have used threshing instruments. 1 Chron., 21: 21; Isaiah, 41 : 15, and the modern Egyp tians have a machine called "woreg" with iron plates, with which they bruise the ears of corn and extract the grain, at the same time the straw is chopped up. Corn, in all countries except these United States, meaning all the small grained cereals except Indian corn or maize. Instances of stall-fed oxdn are no ticeable on the exhumed paintings, and this custom accord with the scrip tural account of the preservation of cattle which had been brought home from the field, and explains the appa rent contradiction in Exodus 9 ; 16, 19, &c, all the cattle in the stalls or houses having been preserved. 'Though, as we learn from the sculp tures, the Egyptians had houses and other fit appliances, yet among most of the eastern nations as among mod ern farmers, especially the Dutch, the barns were more important, and until the land was well cultivated, and the necessary recetacles for its yield pre pared, the accommodations for the owner were not much attended to. "Prepare the work without, and make it fit for thyself in the field ; and af terwards build thy. house" says the wisest of men. Proy. 24; 27. llcsiod's advice, on the rontrary, was ':first of all get a house and a woman, and a plowing ox, and all fit ting implements, lest you should ask of another and he refuse, and "you be in want of them, so the season shall pass by and your labor's fruit be less ened." Is not the latter part of this advice of the old Greek, delivered over two thousand years since, fully as ap plicable to the present ago of mowing machines horse rakesj and , other in- dispensables : K. C. Therais a carious parage Id Iiaiah, 33:12, "The people shall b3 al the burning of time: as tboiot rut up shall tbej hi burned in tne fire." Abi Jlr. Thompson. Li li., vol. ii, page SI. sajs tbat in the Uoly land be eaw the people cutting up thorns for tbe limekiln, fid the Irraelitiei use lime for man are T It was in verj earl j use in tcgland accord ing to "Talpa. ' In carving a patriige says Sydney Smith I splashed Mr. Mark ham with gravy from head to foot ; and - though 1 sav? 'Lree di?tiuct nils of the brorm liquid trickling down her cheer, she had the complaiiancy to declare that not a drop bad reached hr! Such circumstances are the 'triumphs of civilized life." General RanVs i? a pointed to the left mhd of the troops in Wahinton an'H i iu is ursd vratooil to 'ive tr.to if com- witrua tha fortifications, around th- Capi tol. -,' WAX NO. 11. The Beneflt or TrencMns. So much has already been written on the advautages resulting from trenching, deep plowing, and other cognate means of raising and bringing into action ihe latent powers of the subsoil, that it would be superfluous to say . a single word in commendation of the practice. "We are aware, however, that there is still con siderable difference of opinion regarding the .ultimate benefit derived from the practice on different kinds of soil. In this, as in other matters,' the intelligent agriculturist will be guided more by the peculiar circumstances of the soil than by any : general rules. It is -only by studying carefully the nature of the ground tecultives, and its peculiar wants, tbht he will be able to turn its capabili ties to the bet advantage." When this is intelligently done, there will be little fear of a successful result; As illustrative of the value of deep trenching, we shall briefly state our experience of trenching a plot of ground about a quarter of an acre in extent. For a number of years, potatoes had b?en grown successively upjn ihe plot, and, as it had got little or no manure, the ground was much worn out. Last year we endeavored to take , another crop of potatoes off it, but with very in different success. Owing to particular circumstances, the crop was somevthtt late in bting put into the ground, and when it came away the stems fad from the first that exhausted "spirly" appear ance which betokened a weakly plant, and a miserable return. The result was us had been anticipated. The crop was little better than a failure, two and three, and . not unfrequeutly only one being found at a shaw ' The potatoes them-s-elves were watery and waxy, and quite unfit for human food. We mentioned the circumstances to a high agricultural authority, and he immediately suggested drep trenching. Acting upon the advice the plot was tienched in the end of the season to a depth of about two feet. It was then allovved to lie in a rougb state throughout the winter untd the- usual season for cropping, when it was manured with dung from the pig-stye, mixed with the refuse of the dust-bin, and again planted with potatoes. The result of the experiment has been such as to be scarce ly cntdible. As soon as the potatoes began to appear above ground this year, it was evident that the labor had not leen in ain. They come away with a stredgth of stem and a breadth of leaf quite remarkable. Notwithstanding the somewhat back ward season, they grew apace, and have continued growing until some of. them are at the present lime three feet in hi-isht, and the average about two feet at.d a half. The stems, or rather some of the principal branches as they have more the appearance of a bush than a po'ato shaw are two inches and a half in diameter. Of course, it is impossible to say what the yield may be, but when we see a good shaw we expect some thing good at the root. .. It may be supposed that a greater stresss has been laid upon the trenching than is its due, and that the manure had as much to do in the production cf the extraordinary crop as the. turning up of the subsoil. This, however, is not the case, and he proof is to be found in the ground itself. The borders were not trenched, and they got the same quantity of manure as the plot, buMhe size of the shavvs are not more than onethird of those of the middle plot. Another pecu liarity may be mentioned as tending still further to show the benefit of; deep trenching. One side of the ground was noi so deeply trenched as the other, and towards thnt side the size and exhuber ance of the shaws gradually decrease. As one fact is worth a whole cartloau of theories, however specious, we leave the above simple statement to ?peak for itself, without adding a single word of comment, feeling that it will commend commend i'self to all whom it may con cern. Scotish Farmer. Extracts Tor Young Men. Give a young man a taste for read ing, and in that single disposition you have furnished him with a great safe guard. He has found at home that which others have to seek abroad, namely, pleasure and excitement. He na& learned to tninK evea wticn his book is no longer in his hand, and it is for want of thinging that youth go to ruin. - Some of those who have been most eminent in learning and science made their first attainment in snatches of time stolen from manual employment. Hans bachs, the poet of the Ileforma tion, and the Burns of Germany, be gan life as did Burns, a poor boy ; he was a tailor s son and served an ap prenticeship, first to a eboenjaker and afterwards to a weaver, and continued to work at the loom as long as he lived. The great dramatist, Ben. Johnson, was a working bricklayer, and afterwards a soldier. Linnaeus, the father of modern botanyr was once on the shoemaker s bench. Our im mortal Franklin, it need scarcely be said, was a printer. Herschel, whose name is inscribed on the heavens,.wa3 the son of a poor musician, and at tfie age of fourteen years was placed in a band attached to the Hanoverian guards. After going to 'England he undertook to teacn music, and then u:rt Tie y. 2. 7 hi tea-rrJn'g 'ltalian,rLntiri;. and oeri - '; (.'re'c..- Fi-.rn ir.u-ic he -ahs' ntnl-r itu to iutLetiiuaici, aud theucc Nebraska SWrocttiscri RATES OF -AUTKUTISIJfn. 'r One square (ten line or 1cm) uie laaaru , $ " Each additloaal insertion - Business Cards, six liuea or It is, one year One cciBTjin one year - . One halt column ne year . Oaa fourth col a on on year " . One eighth column one year ' -One column six months -. -One halt column six months . -Onefourtn column tx mouths One eighth of a column six months One column three months . One half column three mor.Ei, , ,1 One fourth coir.ria three morths. - One eishth col 3titi three m-nvhs Announcing Candidates for Otace. - . s w .. 3 00 " (4 CO i 6 13 C9 49 00 18 63 15 CO 13 00 IS 64 I M .12 M 00 Transient advertisements must be em it i 6 00 Yearly advartiemfuta. quarterly in adrkstc. in zranscient Aavertiseaenu, fraction over m wiuare will be charged for by the line, at the rate of tea vents th first week, and 6 cants each subsequent wex optics and astronomy. JohnDolland,, the inventor of the achromatic teles'' cope, spent his early years at the silk loom; and continued in hii originab business even for some years after his eldest son came to an age to join in it. Few casc3 jire more celebrated thaa: that of Gifford, the founder and editor of the Quarterly Revieie. He was ao orphan, and barely" escaped the "poor' house. He became a ship boyof thV most menjal sort on board of a coasS-" ing vessel. . He. was .afterwards far six years apprenticed to a shoemaker. In this last employment he stole time from the last for arithmetic and algS-"" bra,"and for the lack, of other convent iences, used to work out his probleai on leather with a -blunted awl. Pew' names are moro noted irv. modern lit-' erature. : Moral Effects or a Taste ror Floirers. A correspondent sends the Farmer and Gardener the following extract from in address delivered before theErittish As sociation, on some practical reports de rivable' from the study of botany:" "Wr. Ward proceeded to urge the im-, portance of cultivating a ta3te for legiti mate horticulturar pursuits among the members of the labouring population, as it was a well established fact that, wher-. ever a pink or a carn ttion or a ro3e was seen outside a cottage, there was a pota to or a cabbage for the pot within ; that if there was net happiness, there was the nearest approach to it in this world, content : 'Tea, In a poor mattfs garden (tretr Far more than herbs or flower Kind thoughts, contentment, peace of mind, A Joy t it Ciry hoars.'" And a recent communication from the bishop of Ripon was to this effect: "The parish of Arncliffe, near Skipton, in Yorkshire, situated in a very wild part of the country, and inhabited by a wild and lawless tenantry, had been for many years without a resident clergyman, the -living being a very pjor one not above 30 a year. The present incumbent, the Rev. Mr. Boyd, determined, however to ?et himself down amonjst them, and to use his utmost exertions in bettering: their wretched condition. To this end he surrounded his house with a fine gar-, den well stocked with lovely fiowers, and induced his peasantry but with great relucanie to come in one .by one to see and admire his flowers, and to take thera home and cultivate them. Now, for the first time, they had light in their dwell ings; ultimately; through the kind and constant personal care which was be stowed upon them, they have become the most contented and tappy set of villagers in all Yorkshire." Influence or Sensible Women. It is a wondrous advantage to a man, in every pursuit or avocation to " secure an adviser in a sensible woman.' In woman there is at once a subtle dclccacy of tact, and a plain sound ness of judgment, which ij rarely com . bined to an equal degree in man. A woman, if she be really your friend, will have a sensitive' regard for your character, honor, repute. She will seldom counsel you to do a shabby thing1, Tor a woman friend always de sires to be proud of you. At the same time, her constitutional timidity makes her more cautious than your; male friend. She, therefore, seldom counsels you to do an imprudent thing By female friendships 1 mean, pure friendships those in which there 13 no admixture of the" passion of love, except in the married state. A man's best' female friend is a wife of good sense and good heart, whom he loves and who loves him. If he have that, he need not seek elsewhere. But supposing the man to be without such a helpmate, female friendship be must still have, or hisirtellect will be without a garden, and there will be many an unheeded gap even in tho ' strongest fence. Better and safer of coorse; such friendships were dispari ties 01 years or circumstances put tha idea 0.1 love out of the question. Mid- ' die life. has rarely th'13 advantage; youth and. old age have. We may have, female friendships with tho39 much older, and those much younger than ourselves. Molicre's old house keeper was a great help to his genius ; and Montaigne's philosophy takes 1 both a gentler and loftier character of wisdom from the date in which he finds, in Marie de Gournay, an ad opted daughter, "certainly beloved by me," says the Horace of essayists, "with more than paternal love, and involved by my solitude and retire ment, as' one of the best parts of rny being." Female friendship, indeed, is to man "proc3idicm ec dulce decus" bulwark, sweetner, ornament of his existence. To bis mental culture it ; is invaluable ; withont it all his knowl edge of books ' will never give hixa knowledge of the world. Buliczr. , Superior Dcmpliso. To one pint of snar milk with rtur-onnte of soda, add one quat of mal ani a larjre spoenful of nVur; roll out with flour and ox, in one ' apple,' s.'-d cpk a 110 al. The 'i-cnrv. shI which set cn fire Wr'r-'-d iaV. vh;i3 an in- y-rf) -f h - has io;; jjst teiu cOiimUiwU a Cur.mocire.-' I