n;HER;& HACKER, ;
IW riiiert Block. XIain Street,
ceo"1
ft FISHER,
iiirrons.
now
A ft
Will V Inwwru - w f-
:' -rf fJetfc ecoinpaie U. order, no-
.. f J ; . ... f A - i t-sN
r I 1 ? t
; I
r
r .
w
ffV
f !
1 . i ; i . i . -
miT m "TV
"LIBEHTX AITD TTrilOIT, OliU AITD HSEPEIlA32LIIf II 0T7 " AI7D rOnCTm.
Eacts td ltiuoi in?T;:ci ...
ce o4re. one nioru
Oa cu'ncu i,i.(fir .
Oie tir c-inmn ne Jt sr -
O-s locrih coioioa out yosr -Cno
C'K2thcolcua r:: veir .
Onecoiuu.n ;s cvf. :n . .
B6 tollh C.'i. l 1. X 4 .
Ons eishi.ii cf e.Usia . ju :r.Vj
One b;f ccluun cjor. . .
loutti Cu!a:-.n three tn or!; t
Oneeilit'a icrr.n tiree u n U
Ane.inaung CinuiJite lor ilZc (;aj3ifr t !a
It.e paw iir tt ij-raav. Yeriy auerueiaf!iU, ticAi-
t ' J
S i. J
Si U
la (
I to
a$ ci
a oi
19 C-J
13
34
vol. yi-
BIKJWNVILLE, NEBRASKA THURSDAY
JUNE,; 19, 1862.
NO. 50.
'LECTlC-PHYS.IClAH
! SUU.GE-ON,
tTft
mauy w. hem trrr,
red ne el tmr oooas.
rrr-i snArcns.-n.iTs,
CAPS, A.W
The Indies of
? .. ? .f'the latest rtl.
' v.tti Tf-inity reo.rdia!lj invited tw c!l
r iri uktji -
nil 2m
II. y, ATKINSON, . . .
m T.fi ni
Jill,
TTQRIJEY
4T.-MV
c:L!0iTOa.l!l CKAIIGERY. -
; Crownvillo, .
; . HrlnS pcrmuenty Lotiltd neA' ,. ',
OWKVILLK, : NEBRASKA,'.
Mb FT"tioeif Me3irinc nd Snrrj, ten
nn p-ofevnal errici t" tt' fl5icted.
I-, one mils moth tf town, vn tUe t.lU iion
Augustus . Schohchcit
TTORNEY - AT LAW,
'50UaTOftSAlN CIIANCEIIY, .
s Camer First and llaia Streets,
snnvillc. - - - . Nebraska
111X:PAUC I TJ.UC -
(J IN-T TtIK
THE FIRES OP PALL,
I'j I'riBie. A. No 1 Jiuuraite,
UFJlAUTrUilD,
The rrviUofJht.ri.cznix .
... Are SfiiDii't in the flt.iwio5 t!iir;iit of Fart
niid f'gurec. liw lug the u.isi4ut vq ialir -J to public
benefit, in tb? hn.e if lfic jMnl in Ibc w!-t ninl
Siuth, dunn, the 3tfoBr jear ;a iutjtAuual roc
urdof
TTcXl Trlctl Corporation. "
1 lP,7Tft..V. .
4W77 5-..
R.17i 54 --
IiJ.SJ.T -It'
8 6'!:10
D.7U 00.'." -
.11.05
:. 5 4 l't
55
3V11 f-
555 55
..1);iH.. : r-40 177 45
: 1 X b 1 A- A :2i.K12 V4
...U.I.INoIS.: 6P.I71 -5.1
. WISCO.XSIX' ...,' .:4.2:!0 l:i
IOU'A.1 i. ..y.:',j j :u
. MlXXK.SOT. bfibZ 10
- r- KANSAS- --D 7i '0
KKMlTCkY ...;..4j4 3fi
TKNXKSKK-..- .--45.0S4 V'l
MISlSSlI'!'!. Hi.8:i2 55
.. MlS SO UK I -..-.... .27,Cf; si
.-.ARKANSAS -22:ii 1:5
. . ..tlxxs. .".v. a.vr.i vs
.. -.ALA ItAMA .-. 555 55
lurac' iiiciid.ui i-ilicie iiMbd mid reuew
ed in ihi leadinar CorrViratiou, t rir ntfe lr
r, W. THOMAS '
' ' . ' ' '- ' llceideiit A nt. .
: J0HII L CAHS0IJ "
(SurceBor to Lu-bban?h & Cron. '
LAN D MD TAN: PAYING
Dealer in Com, Lncurreht Moury, Land
Warrants, Exchange., and Gold Dust
MAIN' S I'KKKT. ; '
JAMfLS S- liLlUFOUL
ATTOUNEY AT LAW,
i . - AND
Ztiv ter.r.sNHUicr In-Chanccry.
T. 51. TA1X0TT,
ZNTAL SURGEON, ;
mg lM:atKd biiinel! iu l(riUTilie. K. T tea
.X'!"! ' -TTicif o ttjecotnuiuuitj-.
1 mil f ire eiri1 tleii'iiii tuhn.rlnund elirnc ei
haiiKeuD the prijictpal citie of the UiiIikI Suie ami
Br..- 4ihi Stiver. tic'Tnt Ktnfe Bill, uiui
(!J Uuiit, Cl IpcUoii- mle u 1 ccemtiie4oiuif,
atxl pTtirefdn reniliteJJn excliauut- current iie.
office. :
strcut. uet itchv the
TcIcgrraxI anil tlic I'. S.
Lund Ollici-s: '
R EfL 11 E A" V E S : . "
Unfl V Brutber Pbil.ifletpliif, Pa.
i. W. Crt.ii fc C., - '
llier. Ii:k Ci. taitimorei Idl.
Je-.Tiimpii.Ti Jtfon. C-Vr f Tort, ' "
wm. T tnitb! ii, Esq;. n.nker. W.hlr.RioP , D. C.
J. T. Bi'wrn. Ksq., AUy at La. .
Jb... S. (ialiatrer, tr lii And. U. S. T. ' " :
x:
ks i'atc'lics Jewdiy.
i " jf'tCllXTTZ7"- ' ;
TbI(1 ina-icnceio tbr :ilizena of -BriwiiTilie
'id r!aii,KT IbaV'he btf located liiuiBelt in
lrownTi;Je. TlinTeu'lf keepiitp a full jisaurt.,
i . f't-Tltmic m hiMiueor (wsioeHti wfticb will
:-w(urc-tik Jle wi; a I mi iiu All kijili vf. re
u(ctct.rtcbet a4l lewelry. Ail work 'ar-
DV7ARD W. "THOMAS',
ATTORNEY1 AT' LAW,
)licitor in Gliancerv.:
TaDiir Crieiib, Banker.,
iict'ieliaiKl Pe at cu.',
Ui.ii. .Tltuiii' (. Prj;t, '
1! u.Jf O. ariHin.
V. It. Stuiii E.-q., Tres't 8. BdV,.
C"i. eu. S tUy. A'y 1 Law.
Ci- o.llniiteton Ait'jr at lw,
J ud.-e 1 btm. Pei ry,
- rot. H. Tuiwiier, ',
. Cbirajroi IIT.
Si. Lrrilis. Ill
', Antii!is, ii 1.
liact'Mown, Atd
Kiton. MI .
Cumi.erlatui, M1
ItavjuiA. Alabnia,
Ji..v B. 1360-tf .
; OH cner of Xaiu and FirM Street. .
ErtOW'NVILLE, NEBRASKA.
1 THUMAS DAVIS, .
CLECTICPHYSiCIAH
SIT R GE O.N" 9
ttLE-n0CR XEMIASKA
S .rce, Ir. l).;win, L'rvwnrille.
LEWIS WALDTER,
UkEC-AND PAPEK HINGES..
I J- WILSON BOLUNGEIC -
mscllor at L'.aHv
,3al and Collcciiiiffrcni.
"P'w inctheT nl Court, in S?mid
"Hintiej, aoii will pive .r.mpt attention
,,1ltitr.trlniiiii,ki..M pr..mVT
"ju rttcaUr &estfnjjtiven oJncat
"""U on iand carefully selected b
H. A TERRY;. '
. n, Held and rioircr Seeds,
" ' alko . '
vf1 tikes, Gocsnrssixs,
i "aweniai Shrublcrj Centrally.
; tigers: t city iowa.
! PIOSBBB- v
riiirct ctory
CIL BLUFFS. IOWA.
Pi HITER.
v 1 nlnS. n j fo, tv,e cil bene-
"a, t"' rr-tarle.T.Ac...Ac ,
' ,fikin Lk cund bmelf by aitnj le
-on-.n5 tV,Ut fTr" exw't!',, "f"1 iRfon
""tk, 0i,e r fcorihless medicine
, -fUT.S, 7 bd cf the nth.r. C. A-
h HI m M .i . '
"'H I t,, .T'1 enelo,. Ad-Jr
lKsni. n. v.
K.."f.'s-,"ik'irt.l. rrr. All
on'
PIKES' PEAK, GOLD !
J win .receive Pite'. P"k Gld . and aUvaiicr
nhiney upon the auie and pay "ei balance of pmceisd
t mh,u Miat re!uD are bd.. In ill ce 1 wi1
esbibittbe tirauted remrus cl tbe Cuited Siatea.liL '
r ..Bt.iT ! fflcc.
.f N O. L. C A II S O N .
BUUION AND EXCIIAN GE DHOKEll
BSOWSTIU.E, MDRaSKl.
' ' ." n204
Ht:AL: -ESTATE"
- A' If U .
Collection Office
' . or - J . . ; '
iroaNVlLLE, rEHRAirvA.
Jliiin, B'tuCen Levp'aitJ First Streets.
Particular attention siven to tlic
Purchase and Sale of Heal
Estate Ulaliln? Col- c
lections and
Payment oT Taxes lor HTonKcsl-
' " di?ntt.: - '' "
LAND WARRANTS rOKSALE.fcrb xnd on
lime,
I,ANJ WARRANTS U)C&JF.ft fEatera Cp
itoliMp.nn u,tw -Jeclel fr-rn jtcroual examination,
and r'Tii'ltc Township Mhj, fhowin; Sfrraai
TitnbiT, Ac.,forwrdid with the. Certificate of Kjci -tioti..
'
-HrcwViT-He.y.T. Jan.S. IRfiT. " y! '
ST A II CIS A Hi Hit Jt: A N U IA CTUXl Y
-STJOSEPHrHO.
Ad-lrei
T.Z
tii lUiiaia. rnceJCatai.uea
ki lSCN - . . .
- . . .1.36 t'JI
. H E N E Y II 1 D I y,ITT,
Inrit then t ten t'mrt .of Mercliant, Omcer,
tl Kefpwr. lUachoieii.aod Travs!r to th Mine,
k ti rittaflTe ' , '"'"''',.
Crnclici' Ilaoiifacton-
U. A. '. - - ,
lie wprcparcJ to fitn)ih
. . ' :.
SODA. BOSTON. rUTTER. r -SCGARl)
A N I) PI C N I CiJR ACKERS
AND l'l LOT BREAD,...
j - . s
r-. ;" . J. . ; . t w 'I V
At WboWlx r Retail, nd at rrio a low as n
be hdnwber-. HEXiiV M'DIVITT.
Afril 17. "812 i.4J-1m ;
jrr- t,?t-
h- "
VOU VTA"
as
STEAM CXJaXES ? EOILERS
'rXTT.ST SrGAR l-AXR MTLIS.
TaTKXT STEM COIL KVAPtmATOTIS,
TATENT f KK . V A POU ATOitS,
FATE.NT fcTAltP iilLLS,
roB
r IKE'S TEAK OK LAKE SUPERIOXl.
- ' . srn For. nncrLARS,
TTjib C"tx. and De-ci i t?.ns Price. ffc, t'.f.
SaT VlI.T.s TLOLRlN MIl.T
' AX HACIUKUT K ALL DKSCUIPriON.
P. TT. fi TKZ rre-;(!'iT.; i
C. B. Ar cuiii wiTt'f-1 very wt,-.'.- . 1: i. .;!a .
. it. u.it ias w;i,vr,
r , ' IU41M i ilt. N h' H-k
'"or t .m Circulars ;.. U!..r.ed itfria-.u cap jt
j;- ' ' ' " -
7
SEMI-ANNUAL STATE3im. No, 102
CAPITOL and SURPLUS
: XZazr lot. lOCl.' '
C! and c"h linK . - . t
In wri secured -wi
Ktate - . -SS2GLare
Hartford BiiikSucka r
St-25 Ktw Tutk -tain
m . lb.t.a . ' -ftC7
otber , -
Tiiite-lS'i'e and Sia'e . ' 41
Harttd . X Ilavea R B. tvoiidi "
llariforw City U .nd . -
Cuiiu. ttiver Cv. h. Il.lt. Co. Stock
Total Ampu - . .. .
Total iibilitie
66 253 20
- 16 K0 WO
514 N9 UO
, 19J 250 OO
f TOO 700 W
' . 63 lJ5 fK
- . 13 257 TO
' 39 700 UO
i 36 760 00
- 4 600 00
$u3i 302 9S
73 244 27
Tofdetailaor lnTCslutents, mall Card, aud Cir
enfara. -: 'f
Irn-aBre miy be efTttted In tliia ild and aubatan'.ial
Cotupany vu tery f avorabie tenna.
Apply to
JOHN L. CARSON, Apt
' 1 BROWXTILLE N T.
Q-TJwftllrnw awl Farm Prc-pe-ty tri'trred tor a term
of earat rery low ratea Q ltriK4) .
lJK0W.NVlLr.E-
r2 :i.Pr H H H (- n 11 .
TKOF.FJ, C0LEf.mil, CO.,
Annoirnce to tfce traveltnc ptib'ictbat their aplenJid
auJ cuniuijtliwu dueaui Ferry ruuaicj acruMt from
Brcwnville,
Nebraska.
in rne ff tbe bent in erery rep"ct on th Upper SIi
imnti river. The K vt nuke regular trip every buur
m. flmt io tir.iewill be bt in-wailfiiK. - '
Tbe hank Dlxlh ude vX the river are low and well
f raited witiib recder utit.MidiuK uime:eeRary a i tbe
c te'iti m ki i'tbr rerri-.
X. terrnped lieentf-nained ato5;fl1"nltieaatornear
tbi crofrtnp, afc eve -jb.rfly Iu tbi revi-n. on botb Mdea
ul (lie rivrr. in for the 1'inon lh slrnv'Ct kinit.
Our cb.rre- hti liety tbe-e bini tisue ure lower
tbi at anywttier rinwihit.
TraTe.era Iroiu K.n t Town iw1 to tbe east will find
tbU tt-. i:eaie-t ami oei-t r.-utei" every etct.
THOllN. COLEMAN & CO.
BrownviirNt?brka. Sept. 2lt. 1861, ;
JACOB MAHRON,
LTereliant Tailor,
' : BROWiMVILLE,
Call" tbe attention of GrutlciseD derlrirj new, neat,
ae.TjcabiC aLd ht-hl-nabic
WEAfKG APPAREL,
TO IMS
MewStock of Goods
JUST RECEIVED,
BaOAD CLOTnSi CASSIMERS, VnSTTXGS. Ac.fcc,
OP TIIC VERY liATETT STYLES,
Wbuh he will nell or make up. to order, at unprece
dented low pr'Cea.
Tb e i-a- a aT itnr In bi line win do well to
cal. and ixmiine bt aUKk Le'ore tnvea'iuit a he
pledge biiuseU io UA out pecHiiny fTuribl iu
4 ureoin . t ' . - i " ; ' i
Feiirua-y 18:hc 1R82, 'f ; " . . !
POETRY:
'.-'" Yrom the Bora! Kew Torker.
Car TJojS Goiag (o Ibc War.;
;..s ; . ; . ".. IN . ; ; .
"VThitner's B'ock, llain Street.
LOOK FOU T ilE SIGN OF tllE
EL1MIUHN and. MORTAR
J. J, THURMAN,
AXNOrXCFS' to the cttiscna or Rrownririe and
vicioi'y th he ha? rcmorwl b'w Drug twrti Tria
.i,l.t' L.wii.totbeCitvr i:n.wnville,ud harin;
i ad ltl 'umrt't" exteniv ato--k of
Frh Drills,
Chemicals,
, Dye Stuffs. .
' . Paints nni Oils.
' ' Jire Winds' and Liquors,
For Mtdicul Turposrs,
' Hair and Tooth brushes,
IVrfumery,
r Fine Toilet Soap,
-' &.c.t &c, ' Sue.
Intitej the rmbiic ftrrn.i.
C5-Physician 'a Pre:riptioT attended to at all hoaTa
Hr. wnriVc Arri Hth. TSfiT. . ' r40 yj
CHEAP FLOWmS Cl JtlKUlTS
I will Fend, by Thail. poff IC f MALI." BVI.E?,
moatly tuixed ICLIKS.'for cno dollar, nd I-rge
Rull.of me, lor f2. Cther Rollw, low
nEKlUCF.nUS PERENNIALS, of 50 rf. fine
KOSHS .-4 other HAIiliV .SAKUBIIKIiV.
. riUnwl 4I..SJ .llar i-r 500. N.u-
vn t.d nolCK sotus. j.U.ufri. r.bk rr'tre: aaJ uio.-e j
i riHll Wl - "'I- si'" r '
MA I.I. rKI'lTS .fllTt ltt:Uimjl'J.r.e,
B T HB3. E , M. OUtSTED. 1 " , "
A down the red October bills . .
' The fwoIIoo ton enti leap their rill, ., " s
Pait hrolitB flame and waitin mill.
So, hand to hard, friih jrtirg thrills, .
r Sweep forth our bojs. " , -
- TCt fierr t bate bat 8'rottf to dare, "'
They hoi t the traitor in bU Uir ' i
The loneliest mtjias ece To a pare '. " i
.'Trom hum' sweet joy T- L : "
"I . The foBdest heart ptill breatbes tbe prayer,
- Cod fped 00 boji.- .; (.. ! '; :':?
... r . . , r- . :'' , ' ", ' .' ; : r
?w hireling Tronj Of rtreision holj . (
IXo lawlM raoh iu rapine bold, , ,
- 1 Ivo patriot cass In Freedom ta old . "' ",y
With ba!e alloys ; ' '-' ' ' '" ' "
Freab f r m 2be mint, e&rtbV fincjt jpli,
Our aterlinT boyal
.- . . . . . .j. " : ' ..:.:..:::
; Wbkt hope?, with faith engird then roand,
What aongs of cheer to hen? en reaooid, -Wert
f rayers ihat pence tnay yet aocutid,
' - - ' Each heart ttcplus; ' '
While teara fall on (be hallowed ground
- Where sleep onr boys. ' , ; .
' Onethonght, one prayer to Ulaall-wiae, '
- At raora and eeninMicrifice,
Til! Freedom, ftoopin from the skies,
' Her wing hall poise,
And one TictoTiotn anthem rise, " ..'-
- - God b'eas ar boy? !
'" - '-' From the riorticuhiiristJ"
Osr.se Orange Ilcflgcs.
BY CUT WEST.
. J!
7'i.e (irT I. O., Covk
Premising that the hedge has been
successfully phiiited, the first thing
that will claim attention will be io
prevent the disastrous effects of the
Wrought, if it occurs1 duiing the early
part of the season. ' Doubtless, the
tnost efficient mode that would occur
to the mind of the intelligent cultiva
tor, ''would le mulching..'; It would
certainly prove efficacious, if properly
done ; but when it comes to mulching
seycr.il. hundred rods of hedge, which
often has to be done, especially on our
prairies, it becomes rather a formida
ble task ; - because the material for
mulching so large an amount of hedge
can not be very readily obtained.
We will state a plan which we have
seen ndptedj and which proved to be
an elHcient one. It ,can be adopted,
too. to prevent the ill effects of alter
nate thawing and , freezing during
winter,' ..which often t occurs in this
western country. Our plan is simply
to plorw along the hedge, with a large
mold board plow, throwing a couple of
furrows over the plants, from each
side of the hedgerow, When there is
no further danger to be feared from
the drought, the sbn'carTTie" partially
thrown ffom the plants 'by a' small
mold board plow, "and then, finished
with" the hoc. Cultivate well during
the summer to Iceep down weeds, and
to inure n heathy and vigorous
growth. This is of the Utmost, impor
tance, and should not be neglected.
This brings us to the trimming,
which is the most important part of
the tfhole operation of making a good
hedge, and should receive th: t atten
tion from' those who cantemplate
hedging, that It imperatively demands J
and there is, loo, more diversity of
opinion on "this part of the subject,
than any other 'connected "with the
whole operation. We will state our
plan, founded on six or seven years
experience? and would asV others,
who have been successful, to do like
wise, as it is only by a thorough dis
cussion of the subject, disclosing the
experience of those who have been
successful, that the proper method can
he obtained. - iVVrr -cut the hedge
during the first season's growth. The
reason for.this is evident. :The plai.t
mml become tvell established before any
trimming is done at nil. For this
reason we recommend to do no cutting
until the fall of the second year." There
are two exceptions to the latter course.
One is, where the plants arc growing
in an unusual ftriVe.soV. The other,
where the season in which the hedge
is set is an unusually moist one. In
either case, the hedge will make nearly
as vigorous a growth in a single . sea
son, as it would in two, under ordina
ry circumstances. We know it will be
a'difficult task to convince those who
hold to preconceived opinions on the
sabject; but we only ask a fair and
impartial trial, to convince the most
incredulous. It is immaterial whether
the plants are cut off in the fall, or
left to be done early in the following
spring, if they are to be mulched for
protection during winter. It i!l al
wars be a benefit to mulch for winter
protection, but' in many part3 of the
. -ii i r i . t, .
m il .rii;t 'm " . , - , - -, .
er tbnu u -u-l. . All tf- I.T - tki-d, t keep month.
at rurvbudcr cusU AdJ-e.
trouble end 'expense :that might be
avoided by using proper precaution ;
but there are seasons: here, however,
when , no damage is -done. , Jf the
plants are not. to receive a covering, in
winter, do not cut them back till spring.
...The cultivation in after, seasons
must be as efficient as during the .first
one. " We have seen it recommended
to sow grass, seed along the' hedjxe,
after the lapse of a few years. . We
have never ti ied . it, but think a it
quite practicable. .' We ' would 7 not
seed it until after the fifth year.1 As
to implements for trimming, we desire
nothing better than a good briif)i
scythe far th? nrst three Iseasons--After
that length of time dt will be
necessary to have a khifethalis man
ufactured ' t3pecially , for trimming.
hedges. . If the hedge get3 two sea
sons' growth : before commencing to
trim, as we think it should .have, cut
down to within three inches cf the
ground. .By the fifteenth or.twectieth
of June, the plant should make a vig
orous growth. Again cut to within
four" inches of the previous cutting:
Choosc a moist and cloudy uay for this,
if practicable; but- iiill not be nec
essary to let ? it ' go undo"ne,-iF the
weather is fine, as there is but little
difference between the two conditions.
About the middle of August, cut down
to within four inches' of that done in
June. After frost has killed the ful i-
age, and vegetation ceased, ag tin cut j
to within four. inches of the previous
August cutting. This will leave the
hedge about one foot high," and will
hate formed a fine base of .lateral
branches. Ko more trimmirt? willlje
necessary until the following. June,
when the same course is to le pursued
during the season, and each following
one, as recommended for the first. If
it i desirable to cut back at the end
of the first season, cut as close to the
ground as possible . in the spring, and.
do not cut arrain until the following
fall or spring, when it may be cut to
within three inches of the previous
cutting; and then pursue the same
caurse as recommended for the other.
This course, carefully followed up,
will plac the hedge one foot in height
the fall of the third season ; and each
succeeding vear an additional foot to
the height of the hedge. . It may ap
pear tedious, but we feel satisfied it is
the most proper way. After it has
attained the height necessary to form
a good barrier, it need not be cut but
once a year, and that in the fall. The
reason for cutting it in early fall is,
that it can be done with half the labor
it otherwise would require, if deferred
until spring, and the wood become
hardened. . . . . ' . -
We have said nothing about trim-
the side of 'the ..hedge. The
bent to the ground, affording a fine
opportunity to' any one who may de
sire to test the "quality of the fruit
growing in cur garden or orchard,.
mmg
growth of. Osage Orange tends , so
"... 1
tronglv upward, that the hedge re
quires Iut very little trimming at the
sides, unless it is desirable : to keep
the hedge within a limited space. If
this is the. case, the laterals , will re
quire sonie thinning out. If the ends
of the laterals nre merely trimmed, it
will cause' tod dense a growth, shading
the interior of the hedge too much.
There will likewise be laterals that
will require cutting out entirely, bat
not very many ; and again others that
have a tendency to grjw more vigor
ously than some below them. These
must be shortened in, to prevent shad
ing those below them.' These direc
tions, carefully followed up), cart not
otherwise than insure success. Many
persons will doubtless think these rec
ommendations radical ; but such h the
vigor of the Osage Orange, if allowed
to become well established, that it will
not suffer in diminution of growth for
several years. ; .
We shall have to state brieQy osr
objections to' methods generally aiK
opted. Some persons practice cutting
offhe tops of the plants one foot from
the ground the first season.. (That
we may not appear ambiguous, we will
state that in speaking of cutting the
plants the first season, we mean in the
fall after vegetation has ceased, or the
following spring.) Others let the
plants grow two seasons,'. and then cut
off the plants two feet from the ground,
and the following season add two more
feet to it ; ami more likelv than oth
erwise, it will be the last. The same
objection will apply to both of these
methods. Those who have seen the
Osage Orange growing, can not have
failed to notice its tendency to grow
upward; no matter whether it is cut
off at two inches or two feet from the
rround, there will be only two or three
vigorous shoots at the top, with a fw
laterals at the side. Therefore; by
adopting the plan of catting off atone
foot or two feet, as the case may be,
tiiere will be a space of several inches
(more or less, according to the-height
the canes are cut) that will be entirely
necessary; out tn -many, sections on oare or laiemH. uesMes looking mi
the zcftcrn States, 'alternate' thawing ; sightly, the Jitheness of the wood in
Balls ilist are Worked get flic Ec-t
'"-; . '' ;: " Stock. ;. : ;:';
Somewhere, within a" few weeks, I
hate seen the conclusion "involved in
the caption above, stated publicly, cr
rather assumed ; for the statement was
not supported 'by cither fact, reason,
or philosophy ; the editor, if it was an
editor, being.in this respect like some
Generals in recent great fighting and
slaughter, who write reports of. what
they, do not seem, to practically. under
stand. ' ' ' ''' ". ' '
. .. "Tnjtv'ti apitr,
' ' '.-'." Tl:y 'tis, ua irae."' "
I wo uld -I ik o- to : ask-a ydaia .qu e s t i o n .
just here: , Of what use is the stating
of a conclusion without its premises,
when the h union mind is so constitut
ed fn most men that thev not oulv do
not, hut cannot believe or comprehend
without "some reasoning, evidence, or.
explanation. All facts in nature,
whether cattle nature or otherwise,
have laws or- governing
causes ; and
if. those.. who' attempt. to 4tcach the
young idea how to shoot,", have not
themselves fathomed the depth of na
ture sufficiently to understand their
subjectie3LJiadtettcrl:keep. quiet,
like owls ia the.sunshine. .
If," as I conceivel it be true lhat
more vigorous and healthy progeny U
the result -of using bulls, that have
been worked some weeks before thev
. aV
serve the cos, then it is of some in
terest and quite important, that the
reassns of it should be known. I' re
member a farmer: witli whom I was
well acquainted who, about thirty
five years ago, kept a bull-r-a Jiigh
grade Hereford and regularly work
ed him till Le was seventeen vears old.
He was not used with cows the last
few vears of his life; but served seve
ral at the age of thirteen or fourteen:
This bull always got good vigorous
calves, and his own health wa3 good
iu the last hour of his existence. He
probably weighed about sixteen hun
dred pounds, and would draw a ton of
coal or stone in heavy manure cart tip
a pretty steep hill. lie was, in 'fact,
used mure for manure drawing than at
any other work ; and for this purpose
he was a capital old beast. Ill's rnrae
was captain, his nature plucky, his
stock good serviceable animals ; many
a calf of his having sold for (en dol
lars, at five weeks old . for tho sham
bles, their onlr feed their own dam's
milk. Such results surely indicate
vigor and thriftiness in the sire. I
state . this instance as one. of many
that have come under my own obser
vation. as to the effect of workingmale
cattle 4 to show, at all events, that
when the animal is not lamed no harm
can inure to him, as the effect of worki
ing like a horse.
When lulls are worked, their con
stant muscular activity, frequent ten
sion and contraction, and all that ne
cessarily gives actirity and develop
ment and strength or power in the
muscular parts of the animal' struc
ture, is vastly increased, and . conse
quently becomes, after a time, much
greater than it would have been had
the animal remained ag is usual
without being subjected to labor.
Power, especially power or strength
of muscles, comes , by training and
strengthening the muscles, a la Dr.
Winahip, the race horse, the pugilist,
etc., ad libitum. There is no need of
insisting on this, because the experi
ence of all men has demonstrated it
for centuries. Bulls that work have
consequently much more compact and
stronger muscles, as well as more
weight, and usually greater size, than
those otherwise like them, that are not
worked at all. This establishes su
perior muscular structure, as to qn'ali
ty and extent, if not form in the size,
and th-se will be of course transmit
ted, because they pertain to vital struc
ture fat not being vital in an organ
ic sense. Let it be granted, then, for
it will not be disproved, that worked
bulls ' transmit a larger portion and
better quality, of their muscular part?
to their progeny." From this fact fol
lows another. When the general lo
comotive muscles are enlarged und in
vigorated,' all the muscular system is
afited to a material extent in tbe same
direction. The same causes which
strengthen the. most cf the muscular
parts in a large degree, increase the
power of all the muscular system in a
sensible and material degree. The
whole muscular system interior as
well as exterior, is strengthened very
much more by the activity of regular
active labor than without it.
The digestive organs are muscles;
so also are the organs cf assimilation.
Hence the powers cf digestion and'
assimilation : the power to digest food I
turei cachnnd both arc increased tnd
strengthcnedby activeIalcr,Tn tha
bul!s,-'-as rr.tjeh--and for tho same
reasons as are tLoie of horses, ly sc
live, regular work cr training, which
is the same thing uith mother n-mo.
It is easy to perceive, therefore, that
the progeny cf Lulls that have been
trained to labor, must have mere vig
orous powers of .digestitn end nutri
tion, mere power to "make and u?3
Hood, than the offspur. g of nniir.s
otherwise similar, that are net trained
to work,- because not quite so Lar.Jy
and fiet-t as is the agile horse
. Tut-I must corse to an aJdilicr.nl
and more ' curiously "liiturnt" point cf
philosophy underlying-the whole sub
ject . of the .superiority cf wcr-ilng
sires for stock-getting purposes in
volving as itxloes, the very f frence ir
a literal and prccreative point cf vicrr.
The sperm,;'upon the purity and integ
rity of which fecundity, -cr the power
of propagation itsjelf depends, is a se
cretion, or, more correctly, a rectiScd
essensc of the blood. The quality cf
the blood determines .thatcf the spcrm
al secretion. ' If the blood be foul or
impure, ' so will the essential extract
derived from it. Afoul-blooded ani
mal will beget, one of like character
or quality; .for here the distance frcm
cause to consequence is so si
.cr'
and
the relation so close, that the. charac
teristics of causes are not, and cannot
be subject to material modification by
any intermediate 'influences. This
conclusion is as cogent and demonstra
ble as any problem" in geoinotry. In,
fact, the problems of geometry, and
the' demonstrations of mathematics,
are simply discovered relations cf prin
ciples in nature. ;
' The activity cf the working ani
mals, hull or horse, or otherwise, al
ways insures' a vigorous circulation,
anil.at the sime tirne as a consequent
and corresponding result cf the sarno
general causes, a rapid connmption
of forming and repairing structure,
and the' renewal of the -Hood. The
blood is always purified end free from
effete matter,, jn proportion to 'tho
amount of 'pure'.nlr'pasi.ed thrcuzh ths
Jungs and the blood vessels. Conse
quently balls that are worked regular
ly for some months hefore and up. to
the time of being used with cows, have
a more- vigorous and pure Horr and
quality of the vital current, than they
.would have without being so worked,
or -when living in Comparative inac
tivity as animals that -do not labor
usually live.' The great degree of ac
tivity eliminates foul and effete sub
stances from the -blood; and the How
of the latter i3 more easy, rapid7 anil
free, in consequence cf improrcd and
superior quality or na!url Ctnc?s. -
As is. the quality of the grapes cr
apples, so will be that of the n ine or
chier; The corn crop will be iikc t!i3
seed corn. . The. grain will govern tho
product. The extract will essentially
resemble the bulk in general." Furer
blood in the sire, "from his greater
functional activity and acquired power
resulting from it, together consequent
on the enforced ' activity of' labor,
through all the department. of diges
tion, nutrition, defecation, inut exist
more in anirrals that do'than in thco
which do not work, and a purer or truo
sperm, or germinal secretion, natural
ly insure qualities in the progenyim'
ilar to those of the sire at the time cf
propagation. The curiosity induced
by a knowledge of the fact3 introduc
tory to these, remarks led to the train
of thought embodied in this brief and
hurried exposition of a novel but im
portant question ; and. as it is, I send
it to. the Stock Journal fur considera
tion of those .interested.- Amcricjx,
Slock Journal.'
Tez MrJtoar cr a Motheb. When'
tempta'ion" appears, and we are almost
persuaded to do wronr, how often a
mothers word of rarr.rng wiil call to mir.J
rows that are rarely broken. Yes tho
memory of a mother ha3 avej r::any a
poor wretcn from gou.g asiray. Tad
grass may Le grown over tr,p hallowed
spot where all her earih'y renains re
pose; the dying' leaves of autumn may
be whirled ever it, jcr.'ths white rcami
cf winter may cover i: from e:hi; ytt
the spirit o' her, when he walks in tha
rizht.path, appears, cnJ cer.tlr, rzhlr,
mournfully calls him, when r.irAoiizi
off into the srays cf error.
' The World's Fair Exhibition building-covers
over " twentyone and a
quarter acres,' and its internal rap?.?,
ity exceeds sixty million cubic feet.
Every brute is exempt from mcst of
cur diseases. They nre entirely rtrti
ficial. and no brute "13 ingenious cno'J"h
to contrive them.
- In England it is estimated that er.ch
person ' on an average, requires shx
bushels, cf wheat per annum.
junx A. KtNXirOTT. I n,. i frppzin" arc the cause of much I its rrowin" ntnc will allow it to be ti-r''- -' '- 1 En 1 m rnncMufflctrn.-'.l
Co I - " - j O j - " 1 e 4 v k. j t v wiiwisuuvw waw 1
Brevity is the scul of wit.