TmrOT m ill.
Sit & HACKER, ;
l-u . mock. Main Street;
i , Strict" "
Sicrr -atixix. X. T.
'..HAS &. FISHER,
!-s-Hr?V- IE
! , ." . l furnished at $1 60 pe
- 4i tm
. ' ..... ...... 1 60 nr
tie (uiuiuiu - v -
..i!Kno".. w .niMDiei the order, not
ii tbec '
nil
..A
i ?
!
vY'
ft i V
THE ADVERTISER
Rates "of Advertising.
i
l1' LIBERTY" AND UNIOir,.ONE; Aim. ABLE, I?OW;AITD FQrtBVBIL' -
- sv)
One (ff n Une or !eJ on ln.f rii.'-i, $1 oo
E1 4 liiDl in.-i tioo
Oiie Sijnare, od monta - - - 1 rJ
Biiins C.rtirf. ; ix line or !e, or. ft vJ
I One cnluua nejff .... to hi
j On h.U coluTiiu vn I?,r ' - - 3 'XI
; Oj fourth rolnrm ii; yfr - - 2 ".''
I ' O.i iMa enlunm pi j cr - M i
! Onpcol'iuin n ni 'ii;h . - - - t r
j ' One half colnam ix i?vrvh - . ; I ixj
;. Otie fourth Cunim it m.iThi - 1 1 t0
i One eiptith of a e-inipn m us.n!b . 5 01
I Oaecoiumti r;ree m.auli - . . 2:) e
One fonrth column itiree mnnui . D (Vt
.one e'Shth o,lnnm. three n.inth 4 W
.lvauc) . .- - - Sly?
Traiu-ient ilveni-'eiien,. ti tinr? inMr;";.M, thdH
bepaiiir .riu 'lVi!K-e. Vejrli nUeiU.ctiivui., qur-
cciS in a.lvjiUkO. .
;ou in. .
BEOWNVILLE. NEBRSKV ; THURSDAY, JUNE, 12, 1862.
NO. 49.
!?STEWiVRTf
LECT PHYSICIAN
fqURGEON,
1 XfXULVC, XC1XUASKA.
nur-n'. Dr? Store, jtjgj
i -.littY W.11EWXTT,' .
1 V -
,f the late? Htvl. The ladiei of
5 k!f.nTicinity afeeorOUlly incited to call
S door 'at cf the. ilethodist
tSr.8tX"U' . n41-3m
- :
j ft M. ATKINSON,
1EDE! IT LAW,
AND
IICITOR III CHAIJCERY.
J CJcecorncror Main ind First Sti.
Sdu.d.-.gwin,
Hiring permanently Located near
VDWNVILtE, NEBRASKA,
I Atpmrtie of Medicine and Surgery, ten
, cae mile eoutb of town, on the old M
lxon
iuiruslus- Sfclionclieit
jrORNEY AT LAW,
raciT0RSAIN "CHANCERY,
terser first ai 'Jlaia etreciB,
vmlllc, - - Xcbraska
i JAMES S. .BEDFORD
ITOllNHY AT LAW,
J AND
!.ir Coamlssioijcr In Chancery.
i -EEOWKVILLZ, U. T.
AGAIN'STTnE
THE FIRES OF FALL,
By rrime,.A. No. I Insurance,.
'12 TH F
hum emi a
OF HART
OllD,
. The Fruils of the Phanix '
Are. manifest in the following etatemcnt of Facts
and Fcures, showing the amount equalized to public
Jbenefjt,in the shape of losses paid in the we?tanl
Soujh, dannft the pastfour years ;a isubstantial rec
ord of a . ' . . ,
Well Tried Corporation.
$1,167 00
40,377 55.
27,622 V)4
69,174 66.
32,670 0.
34,220 13-
19,323 34-
8.6B3 10
9,765 08-
34,054 38-
43,054 00-
23,832 55'
27,C23 83.
22,S39 43.
3,61 63
555 55
Insurances
edin this
: .Brownvi
.... . .i
NEBRASKA
.-OHIO.-
INDIANA-
.ILLINOIS
MIOAICAN
WISCONSIN
IOWA--'
.. MINNESOTA
KANSAS. ......
KENTUCKY
.'. TENNESSEE.... .
.. .... MISSISSIPPI.
MISSOURI
..' ARKANSAS ..-
.. TEXAS
... ..... -ALABAMA
solicited, nnd policies Lsned and renyW
leading Corporation, at fair rates by
E. W. THOMAS
Resident Agent.
lie, Sept. 5, I8G0.
$1,1 f7 CO
40,377 45
27,622 94
.69.174 56
.32.670 08
34,220 13
.19,323 ?l
8J553 10
-9,765 CO
34,054 36
43,054 CO
10,832 65
27,6 W 83
22,839 43
-3,961 98
.. . 655 55
JOHIT L CAES0I?
(SuccesRcr to Lushbangh'& Carson.
ess E3f aa a xa o
LAND AND .TAX PAYING
Dealer in Coin, Uncurrent Money, Land
Warrants, Exchange, and Gold Dust
MAIN" STRRET.
DnOlVVlLIilS, MiJBIlASKA.
1 ' T. Me TAXBQTTi
ZNTAL SURGEON",
jiocated hftasclfin Brownrille, N. T.,tea
Tifesjional serrices bkmniiy.
warranted.;,
Is atclics& Jewelry.
) .. -SCHUTZ
ToBliiiinonncefothecltiieiis of Brawnvllle
nciniiy thst be has located himself. in
3romvi'.le, and'tntenlR keeping a full assort.
. etervthingin bis lineof bnsincss, rhich will
;.wfu'rcsh. Be will alsoio all kinds of re
!j!clckt,wtcheiandjewelry. All work war-
v3n!81y
WARD Wi.THOMAS,
Ittorney- at.- law,
iicitor in Chancery.
I ' .
02 aimer of SHin ud 1'irst Streets..
aOWNVILLE. NEBRASKA.
THOMAS PAVIS, .
jLECTICPHYSICIAN
jsURGEON",
to PACK, NEBRASKA
tfB, Br. D. Gwin, Brownrille.
WIS.WALDTER,
TSE,SIG AND ORNAMENTAL
. AND PAPER HANGER.
I inoWXVILLE. N. T . '
j1-WILSON BOLLINGER,
! . 4 a D
sellofat Law
1 and Collecting Agent.
GAQE C0.?- NEBRASKA.
(iee mtbesere:al Courts in Gage and
nt,et and will gire prompt, attention
JVtorted to him. Crjllectrons prompt
' trlicu,ar attention given to locate
,'riIloa lands carefullj selected by
!.H.A. TERRY,
ea Held and Flo xcr Sccdjs,
- ALSO- t ..
i ,,, Kaspberrje, Blackberries.
Pr memt1 pkrubbery Generally.
pgCEXTCITY IOWA.
! PIOHEEHS' - .
'Mm BOOK
latturactory
iftJClL- BLUFFS, IOWA. .
" SLIA1 r- KITER.
' VfcP A SUFEKElt.
t VlJ . .rainS- for the efpecial bene
of M e wbo 8Qffer witn Nervous
.t0?' Prentnre Decay, Ae Ac,
tflbinI 0 hM cured himself by simple
"ron-a S?1 10 grt Pne and Incon
bJl4rr,r,n!,e r worthless medicines
"iiIn,edDoetori. "
,Z ?! W had f the author, C. A.
' N-PiTd .,e!)point' Mand, by enclos
1 f i . ded enrelone. Address
lOe
B16-2
lishM, 1732
'"'.frniu. Grape..
w,.toii, ": -"".. e.
unies.
All
Bnlbs.
mc. etc..
Priced Catalogues
r.St it
.T will rirA an(-ll attpntion to bnrlni and selline ex
change on the principal cities of the United States and
Europe, Gold Silver, nncurrent ni cms, anu
Rri rnt. CoilcUous made on all accessable points,
and prorceds remitted in exchange at current rates.
D(Kj,iU reteivM ou current, accouai, auu luieiesi
'OFFICE,
3IAIX STREET. BET1VEE1V THE
Telegraph and the U.S.
Laud O ili ccs.
REFERENCES:.
Llnd & Brother Philadelphia, Pa.
J. W. Carson It Co., " '
Iluer. li k & Co. Baittmore, Md.
Toune St Carson,
Jeo. Thompson Mason, Col'r of Port, " '
wm. T. SmithRou, Esq., Hanker, ' . Washington, D. C.
J. T. Stevens. Esq.. Att'v at Law. . " "
Jno. S. Gallaaer, Late 3d Aud. V. S.T
TarIor& Crier.h, Bankers,
M.O t-wtlw., r j-m - -'t '
Hyn. Tboniss G.. Pratt; -
Hon. as. O. Carson, .
P. B. Stnali, Esq., Pres't S. Bank,
Col. Geo. Schley, A'y at Law, .
Cot. Sam.nambletonA.U'y at Law,
Judge Tbos. Perry,
i'rof. H. Tutwiler,
Chirac". TIT .
oi. LouUj mo.
Annapo'.if, M.
Meicersburc Pa
Ilajrertovn, Md.
Eos ton, Md.
' Cuuberland, Md
Havana, Alabma.
Nov 8, ISSO-tt.
. Monoy iVclvancccl on
PIKES' PEAK GOLD!
I will receive Pike's Peak Gold, and advance
money upon the saorc, and pay over balance of proceed
as soon as Mint returns are had. In all cases, I wi'
exbibitthe printed returns of the United States.Mii) '
or Assay office.
JNO. L. CARSO Nv
BULLION AND EXCHANGE BROKER
BROWN VlLLE, UEBB.ASKA. '
no204
REAL 'ESTATE
Collcctioii Office
.or.
27. "7V. Be3.ro37c3.,
DDfn;Mrti i r m im)I) a&i a '
Jfain, Bdvxtn Levte end First Streets.
Particular attention given to the
Purchase and Sale of Ileal
. Estate, Making Col
lections and
Payment of Taxes lor Xon-Rcsl
dents.
LAND W ARRANT S FOR SALE, for cash and on
time.
LAND. WARRANTS LOCATED for Eastern Cap
italists, ba lands selected from personal examination,
and a complete-Township Hap, showing otrraois,
Timber, Ac, forwarded wiiu the Certificate of location.
Brownville.N.T. Jan. 3, 1861. yl
STAR CRACKEU MANUFACTORY,
ST. JOSEPH, MO.
.HENRY li'DIVITT,
Tnt-; ihn attention fif Merchants. Grocers. Ho
tel Keepers, Ranchmen, and Travelers to the Mines,
to his extensive
CracEcr SlamiFactorj
lie i3 prepared to furnish
SODA. BOSTON. BUTTER. .
SUGARD AND PIC NIC CRACKERS
. AND PILOT BREAD,
At Wholesale or Retail, and at Trices as low ns cat
be had any where. HENRY M'DIVITT.
April 17,1862 n41-3m
MANUFACTITEINQ COMPANY.
.:
.:
: " po"you want
STEA5I EXC-IXESOU DOILERS
PATENT SUGin CAKE KILLS.
Patent steam coil evaporators,
.patent fire kvaporatoes,
patent stamp mills,
rot- '
riKE'S PEAK OR LAKE SUPERIOR.
. . SEND TOR CIRCULARS, .
With Cuts, and Descriptions, Prices, etc, etc.
" SAW MILLS. FLOCKING MILL.
AND MACHIERV CF ALL DESCRIPTION.
K5J-SEXD FOR CIRCtILAltS.iSJ
P. W. GATES, President. ' '
B. Agents wanted everywhere. Cbtatjo.
. R. W. FURNAS, AGEST,
IJrownville, Nebraska.
Of whom' Circulars and detailed information can I t
had. . ...
March 20, 1SC2. Jn37-lrJ . . .
' 1
J V
$311-ANNUAL STATEMENT, No. 102.
CAPITOL and STJRPLTJS
' 932,302.98,-.
Cssb and cash items - - - -Loans
well secured - - - '
Real Estate ' - - .
2-3CG shares Hartford Bank Stocks
2125 " New Tork " " -1010
' Boston " "
507 other . '
United State and State " "
Kartid & N. Haven iZ.B. bonds "
Hartford City Bunds - -Conn.
Kiver Co. & R.R. Co. Stock
Total Assets -'' - .'
Total liabilities - , -
$79,6S3 78
66,253 20
15,000 00
274.SS3 00
193,360 00
100 750 00
&5,0S5 00
73 367 00
. 59,700 00
, 36 750 00
4,600 00
$93-2,302. 9S
73,244 27
.' For details of investments, see small Card: and Cir
culars. Insurances may be effected in this old and substantial
Company on very favorable terms.
Apply to . " ' r " . , 1 '
JOHN L. CARSON, Agt-
BROWNVILLE, N T.
53 Dwellings and Farm Property insnred lor a term
cf years at very low-rates 3 lyno4 .
BROWNVILLE
fm At. m rm&t T33
TKOntJ, COLEMAN. CO..
Annonnce to the traveling public that their splendid
and commodious Steam Ferry runnlnj across from
NeUrasKa."
is one of the best In every respect on the Upper Mis
Honri river. The Boat makes regular trips every hour
tso that no time will be lost in --ailing.
The hanks on both sides of the river are low and well
graded which renders unloading nnneceesary as is the
case at most othr ferries.
No fears need be entertained as to difficulties at or near
this crossing, as everybody in this region, on both sides
of the river, is for the Union the strongest kind.
. Our charges too an item these hard times are lower
than at any other crossing.
Travelers from EUr.sas to Iowa and to the east will find
this the nearest and best route i" every respect.
THORN, COLEMAN & CO.
Brownville, Nebraska, Sept. 21st, 1861.
JACOB MAHRON,"
Idei chant Tailor,
BROWNVILLE,
Calls the attention of Gentlemen desiring new, neat,
tervicable and fashionable - ...
WEARING APPAREL,
TO HIS
Hew Stock of Goods
JUST RECEIVED,
BROAD CLOTHS, CASSIMERS, TESTINGS, &C..&C,
OF THE TERY'LATETT STYLES,
Which be will sell or make np, to order, at unprece
dented low prices.
Thofe wishing any thing in his line will do well to
call and examine his stock before investing, as he
pledges himself to hold oat peculiarly favorible in
ducements. '
February 13 th, 1382.
HEW DUB ST 01
IN
BROWirVILLE,
Whitney's Block, Main Street.. .
LOOK FOR T HE SIGN OF THE
ELK H0M and MORTAR
J. j. THURMAN,
ANNOUNCES to the citizens of Brownville and
vicinity that he has removed his Dmg Store from
Sidney, Iowa, to the City of Brow34, and having
added thereto an extensive stock o.
Fresh Drugs,
Chemicals,
Dye Stuffs,
Paints and Oils,
Pure Wines and Liquors,
For Medical Purposes.
Hair and Tooth brushes,
'.' Perfumery,
Fine Toilet Soap,
. &c, &c, &c.
Invites the puhiio patronage.
55-Physfclan's Prescriptions attended to at all bonis
bvthby cay ananiycv.
Drownville, Aprii IIth,I85I.
; POETRY.
7
. ' ' ' From Moore's Itural Ik'ew Torker.
' The Yolantcer's YIsl011.
T
Br tjexoa Gsrr. ' '
,- ,7) 1 - - i,'
Xast night, as I lay in the rain ; , ' y
"And looked np to heaven through the night, .,:
A vision came o'er me and lighted my brain
"With ajglory that never will flood it again , . . r
"L ThlS bWn of ha btm of UaKt.; .a . .
. And t heard sweet sound, as it came -' - A
Like the flutter of feathery wings, i t ! i '
.Apd the voice pf a seraph kept calling my nama
And her breath in my tresses went playing the same
. Aa the air in aa nstruiaent's strings. ; ,
. '. . ' ' , :, ' ;t ,
I told my wild heart to bo still
- That the vision was naught bat a dream ;
For I kne w not that over the amethyst hill
The feet of my darlingliad wandered at will
On the banks of Eternity's stream. -'- r
- A. . :-; - H .
I said to the sanctified bird, , r. :I
"Ob, why have yon come from the Wes r ,
And she told how the loaves of the forest were stir'd
j By the feet of the angel who bro't her the word .'
.Of the land where the weary may rest.
She' said she Was tired and faint, ' '
And her heart was all covered with snow; '
The angels they heard her nnuttered complaint,
They called her,and brought her the robes of a sainf ,
And she said she was ready to go.
.- ' ; . - ' -" : ' -' '
I told her the blossoms were sweet .
( In the meadows, the same as of yore ; .
But sho showed mo the dew on he sparkling feet,
Pressed out of the lilies that border tho street, -By
the sand of the Paradise shore. . .
. I asked her how long I must wait ,..
Before I should meet her afar j'- , .
And prayed her unfold mo the book of my fate
But she vanished, and passed thro' the crystalinc
She had left, in her coming, 8jar. . ; gate
: Dear Ilngh, there's battle to-day, . '
- And perchance I may happen to fall; .': 1"
If I'm not at the call of the roll, you may say.
. A good-by to the boys in my name, for I.tnay
Say "aye" to an angel's sweet call. :.
ihe soil all through' 'thfle years. Take
another -instance leave a bed of corn
stalks, or a pile of brush, ufon'a field that '
the previous season had been planted to
corn, and is consequently bare 6f herbage
or weeds; or, build a fodder stack in ihe
field and fence it ott from tae cattle.
When the land comes into crop ajain ihe
pext season, the place 'from which thai
pile, of stalks, or bru?h, or fodder slack,'
will show a rankerrowth than any other
part of th field. What was the reason
of this difference ? nothing uiore than
that the ground was kept shaded, evapo
ration was prevented, the soluble salts
wereTetaihed,' and the land got the ben
efit of them. m 'v
i Instances of thi kind are : constantly
coming "before the eyes-of- the observant
farmer, aid from them he may draw the
following conclusions, for they are sus
ceptible of none other : : M ' '
j ' First That ' the exposure of the soil
to the sun,' heat and rain of our semi
tropical summers rapidly exhauste it of
its fertilizing elements. - - ' ' - ' ;
Second That covering or shading the'
soil preserves these elements. '
; - Third That green crops, such as
clover, should take the place of-hoed crops
more frequently in our system of hus
bandry, and that the less' frequently the
surface of the s6il is exposed to the wast
ing influence of sun, wind and rain, the
longer it will retain its original condition
of fertility. Baltimore Rural Register.
v Gigantic Canals In India.
' We take the following from the- JlTe
chanics' Migazine'rT.
! From Calcutta we learh lhat, in antici
pation of the futcre txteniw cultivation
cf cotton in British India, it is intended
lo form a number cf canals for the irri
gation of the" districts' adapted'' - ihe
growth of the plant. The general scheme
proposed by Colonel Djcken?, tT:ier tha
Sanction: of the governnient, cmsists in
Ihe construction of two main canals lead
ing from! a dam, io be fed by the river
Sonne. These will extend in opposite
directions to a distance of !en or twelve
miles, when they will branch off into two
fanlike systems of irrigation channels,
extending on one side to the Kurumnasa
and Gaiires. There will also be naviVa-
TlTe Fruit Tree Sorer Simple Rem
... . edy.
. The editor of the Gardener's JIont.hj,
"recently called on a friend fauotis fur
the success of his apple crop," and who.
affirmed that his success resulted from
keeping the borer away from his trees.
To do that he merely kept the soil scrap
ed away from the trunk dour, to Cm barn
roots. . Passmcr over several ('-itI t,
n40-yly
CHEAP FLOWERS 6c FRUITS
I will send, by mail, postpaid, 190 small bulbs,
mostly mixed TULIPS, for one dolur, and Wge
Bulbs of same, for 2. Ctber Bulbs, named, low
eTLBACEOUSTERENNULS of som Jne
mixed HOSES and other IIARD SARLBBERY,
by express, or railroad, 4 to 8 dollars per 100. A
ed and onoicB foras, about double price? and more
in small seb-cted Jots in all, 500 va-leties.
"Small FBriTs" of all sorts, including Delaware
and Concord Grapes, equally reasonable. '
Fecit and CbsamextalTbees,25 pereent.Iow
er than usual. All safely packed, to keep a month,
at purchasers cost. A. KINNIC0TT,
The Grove P.O., Cook Co, Ills.
Advantages Derived rrom Shading
; the Soil with Green Crops
We have frequently contended and
ll ' n.UJt lonnl .s-poriono vliclv c-rory
vear brings with it adds further confirm
ation to Vhe fact that, the rapid exhaus
tion of even our very best soils is not due
so much o constant croppings as to the
hoed crops which play so prominent; a
part in, our system of agriculture' It is
true that corn and tobacco draw largely
upon our, soils, and " especially upon the
phosphates and the potash which they
contain; It is true also, "that 'shallow,
and careless cultivation has done much to
assist in exhausting lands which were re:
garded at one ' time as of ' almost inex
haustible fertility," and statistics likewise
show that whilst the area of cultivation
has been extended year after year, the
average product per acre has diminished.
One of the primary reason why these
crops have proved ?o deleterious ,to the
soil, is the fact that the system of cultiva
tion required to bring them to perfection,
keeps the intervals between the growing
plants "utterly bare during the hottest
months of, tne year. ..ine action or me
sun upon these exposed surfaces, together
with the' constant stirring of the soiffor
the purpose of keeping it loose and light
and friable, whilst it promotes the solu
bility of its plant-food, yet at the ( same
time exposes the "organic and inorganic
substances which constitute in their seve-.
ral proportions the elements of fertility
to great loss1, both by evaporation and by
washing rains, ' As an illustration of this
process of exhaustion by the simple ex
posure of bare ' soil to the action of the
sun and the rain in summer time, we may
cite the following facts! ; A piece of land
kept constantly plowed without any crop
whatever being grown upon it, if not suf
fered to grow up jn weeds, will gradually
lapse from a state of fertility into one ,of
comparative barrenness. ' It 'has been
losing year after year, by evaporation
and by leaching rains, the greater portion
of-its plant-food, its vegetable'ana mine
ral wealth, if we may be permitted to so
term it. ' As a signal proof of this we
have in our mind's eye a peach orchard
which twenty years ago was planted upon
as fine a piece of soil as is to be found
anywhere within ten miles of Baltimore.
It was a light, loose chocolate soil, and
the quality0 when the orchard was plant
ed, was that of the best tobacco land.
That orchard was plowed regularly every
season to promote the growth of the peach
trees and to facilitate the ripening of the
fruit. It is the usual custom with the
best peach-growers. In twelve years, or
by the time the peach trees began to show
signs Of decay, those fifty acres bore
every evidence of a soil that had been
utterly exhausted. Yet with the excep
tion of the peach trees themselves, not a
single crop of any kind had been taken
from'the land. Now, this rapid exhaus
tion could not be charged to the demands
made upon the sil by the peach trees
alone, but to the fact that the soil was kept
perfectly bare throughout thejsummer..
Again take the converse of the propo
sition. So long as lands are hept shaded
they continue lo increase in fertility Does
any one doubt this! Xet bim turn out
an old field, and after a while a new
growth xf wooo and brush will spring up,
except when the land is worn into gullies,
and with the growth of this wood, the
droppings of the leaves and the shade of
the foliage, a portion of the lost fertility
of the land will be restored. Yet the
irpPA have been drawicji nutriment from
; ' now an Arxny -Marches.- ' ': :
. Our readers, do not of course, suppose
an army moves, when about serious work
a sa regiment marches through our streets,
or goes through a dress parade, at the
lower end of Boston Common. As fol
lows is. something like the style of doing
the thing:
The troops are distributed according to
the nature of the country. In a very
open country a large proportion of the
cavalry. would' be at the head, of the col
umn; j but , generally, it .is distributed
throughout ihe line! The artillery should
be in the rear of the first foot. regiment.
An advence or rear guard of mounted
troops one or two companies should be
detailed every day, and the regiment that
has the right of the line one day should
be nexVday in'Ibe rear. " In a woody'or
mountainous countrv. , detachments or
I .-. ' i i i i . i .
nank'ers ana sKirmisners are tnrown out
to the right and left of. the-column, at a
distance of one or two hundred paces to
keep a, sharp look-out, and prevent any
such disastrous and gratuitous experiences
os those recently and painfully familiar
to us in connection with the ambuscade
on the road to Vienna. The column hav
ing been formed at half or quarter dis
tance. and the baggage train assembled
in the rear, protected by a guard selected
from each regiment for its own baggage,
the column is put in motion and the march
commences with the same regularity as
would be observed by a regiment moving
in or out of a garrison town, the light in
fantry with their arms, sloped, and those
of the riflemen slung over the shoulder,
the officers with swords drawn, exact
wheeling distance preserved and perfect
silence observed. After having proceed
ed a short distance in this manner, the
word of command, "route step,1', is given
by the general at the head of the leading
battalion and passed . quickly on to the
rear. . The c-iptains instead of continuing
at the head of their companies, draw back
to the rear of them, that they may see
any mcu of their-.respective companies
who may attempt to quit the ranks with
out leave. The soldiers then march and
carry their arms in any manner. conveni-
pnt In thpm rnnrprsnunn anil Rmn!,
being ordinarily allowed.
tion channels for facilitating the trans
mission of the crops to Benares, to the
mouth of the Ivurumnassa, io Arrah arid
to Patna'-1 The aggregate dimensions
will be 6S1 miles of irrigation, and 1-15
of navigation chmnels, or in all 82(5 miles.
Through these water will flow at a speed
of two miles per hour, while, the supply
will yiefd 3,124 cubic feet per second. t
The dam is proposed to be formed on the
plan of the Madras Delta Works." The
chief difference consisting in the depth
of the undersiink foundations, which
Colonel Dickens' in his plan suggests,
namely, two rows of blocks 20 feet each
in depth, whereas the wells. at 'Madras
range from 7 feet to 0 feet only. The
principal impediment lo the carrying out
of the works is their; enormous probable
cost. The colonelj however, has entered
into lengthy calculations to prove that the
outlay would be amply compensated for
by the enhanced' productiveness - of the
land to be irrigated, and it is likely that
a portion, at least, of the scheme wil
soon be commenced. As to its complete
fulfilment we apprehend that that wil
depend much-upon the future phases
which the civil w?r in America may ex
hibit. The-present condition of our own
manufacturing districts should .-plead elo
quently for the increased" growih of cot
ton in India!, and we should rimagine that
Lord Llgin could not more worthily inau
gurate, his succession to the Governor
Generalship than by paying immediate
and practical attention to the momentous
suoject;'
the advantage cf removing the soil, the
Luitor concludes the conversation thus:
What then is your object V was tho
next enquiry. .".Jt is la keep the borer
out. Did you ever seed" the borer enter
in the stem -of the tree, at.nny 'height
above the' ground ? " No. Ar:d why? It
! requires soft" moist bark for the purpose ;
anu whenever you- remove tho s.l, and'
render the bark hard and firm to the col
lar, the borer, instinctively goes to other
more favorable places for the secure rais
ing of its young." "But will I Ley not
go into. the main, leading roots ?" -Ihave
found them to avoid ihese roots as if h
were unfit to rear their young; in fact, I
have never know them attack mine." ;
Nor had they; that" was evident. A
clean.-heahhy orchard never cropped,
annually top-dressed grass kept away
several feev from the stem, so thattio in-1
sect could find a "cool ond moist" barber
for its larva?, and every success following.
Certainly the torers'did not'.attack these,
trees.; and ihe novel reasoning struck ui
as so. philosophical," that we have thought
it worth, recording jn our page.?, for fur
ther observation." : . '
smolang
Wearing out Varieties.
Observing that such a fruit as the Gold
en Pippin, thought by some theorists to
be worn out, can be renovated by giving
it a genial climate, one is almost tempted
to advance the opinion that for the last
150 years there has been a change and a
lowering of temperafure in our climafe,
too elight to be correctly ascertained by
meterologists, because the mean temper
ature of the year may not differ to any
great extent, yet enough to affect vegeta
tion to some extent, although' our sum
mers may be cooler. '
According to Langley, who wrote in
1727, the Nutmeg Peaches, sorts which
are still -well known, ripened the last
weeL in June (allowance being made for
old stvle. in which' he fnves his datesl
' - - o - - -
against a south wall, and the Noblesse
Peach, which he correctly describes, Au
gust ihe 2d. In an orchard house in a
sheltered situation, I have never known
the Nutmeg Peaches to ripen till the
third week in July, nor the Noblesse till
September- 2d. The season of many
other kinds of fruits was then (120 years
since) much in advance of what it now
is, so that to the gradual lowering of our
temperature we probably owe the ten
dencies to disease in many of our old
kinds of fruits, for if the trees' are suf
fered to growuncheked, and to root deep
ly into the soil, canker in Apple and Pear
Trees makes its appearance, and the
trees can only be kept in health when
planted away from the influence of walls,
by keeping their roots to the surface, so
as to be influenced by sun-heat, now ap
parently less powerful in summer than it
used to be in our climate a century cr
since. London Gardener's Chronicle.
Cannon.
Cannon are cast solid. They are after
wards bored out, and several successive
borings are necessary. ' Mortars are made
in the same way. In casting cannon, a
mould of sand is enclosed in a frame
work of iron," The molten metal, after
being put jnto the rnould is allowed two
or three days to cool,. and then, with the
sand adhering, placed . in an- oven and
baked for an equal length of time. After
being taken from the oven, the mass is
buried in ihe earth for a certain, length
of time in a perpendicular position to pre
vent any flaw or fracture.
A new American invention is' to cast
large cannon hollow, and cool the inside
by passing a stream of water through it.
The "Union," the large gun at Fortress
Monroe', was made in that way.
In the oh! smooth-bore cannon the iron
balls could, not be made to fly exactly in
a straight line. The same gun aimed in
the same direction, would vary the tall
from side to side of a mark several feet,
in shooting a mile or less.' By rifle bor
ing the barrel, a good gunner can now hit
a man a mile or two, or so far as he can
be sighted. As iron cannon balls cannot
be pressed into the grooves, a ring or cup
of lead is put on the back part of the ball
and this on firing is expanded or. forced
ihtr the grooves, which not only gives the
ball its rotary' motion, but the lead also
stops up the space around ihe ball, and
prevents the escape of gas, thus giving
greater power to the powder. The space
necessarily left between a solid ball and
ihe barrel, is called the "windage.''1
All our old cast-iron cannot that are in
.ood condition may be rifled, and thus be
made doubly effective for warfare. Thev
are sufficiently strong, we believe, to with
stand common rharges; but if it is de
sired to submit them to extraordinary
charges they can be strengthened to any
degree by shrinking wrought-iron bauds
upon them.
Practical Value or Scientific -..
Knowledge. .
Some years ago, it was the practice of
tin-plate Works to throw, away a larg-j
quantity of black "dust formed in the?
manufacture. Iti- conjunction with the
late Mr. Henry, Dr.'-Percy visited tin
plate works in South Wales, and procured
"specimens of this clut, which it had been
'the 'former, custom. to throw into the river
hard by, and in which Mr. Henry fcuird -CO
per..cenrpf tinT "Many "copper ore
contaif " considerable quantities of 'gold
and silver,, which it has n jt.been consTd
ered worth while to' separate-. At some
large chemical works, in which sulphat?
of copper was prepared by dissolving
copper in sulphuric acid, an insoluble
residue was produced' ia the process,
which had been put aside from time to
time, and had fortunately not been thrown
away. A small sum was offered by cer
tain persons for this resfdue; and suspi
cion having been excited, by the quarter '
from which the offer; proceeded, it wa
declined, and the residue was examined,
with . the. result of' finding "it to contaia
X70O worth of gold! It is believed by
Dr. Percy that the slags which have been '
cast out. from the fu'rnaces 'used-for the'
remelting-of old copper and the refining
of new ju the government'establishment
for ihe preparation of corner' shcatlunz
for ships' bottoms, containing a lare
amount of the precious metals. There
are probably, he states, accumulations of
copper slags in some of II. M.'a dock
yards, or in their vicmi:y, which present
a more promising field for mining emer-
prise than many a sttt in Cornwall or De
von. Westminister Review. '
The Cabbage Worm.
Th is worm is caused by a species of
fly that lays an egg just under the surface
of the soil, and always against the plant.
When you set out your cabbages, cut out
slips of paper, and after wetting them,
for convenience sake, wind two or three
thicknesses around the stem of the plant.
The width of your paper must be accord
ing to the length and size of the plant
say from one to two inches wide, so as to
cover the entire stem from the leaves
down lo the roots, taking care, however,
no to cover the roots. The insect, not
finding access to the plant, will not de
posh the egg near the paper, but go else
where. Rural JVtw Yorker. -
When Lord Cornwall's surrendered to
the American army at Vorkto'wn.-a voun
ensign was appointed to receive the col
ors of the Britiih' Regiments. . The en
sign upon whom this honor was conferred
was Hubert -Wilson. 18 years of a?e, ami
the youngest commissioned officer in the
army, llu grandson. Ilobert ihson, U
now Adjutant. of the IGth New York Re"-
iment, in Heinizleman's Division of Gen.
McClella n 's army. It is not'a litile're
markable that the? grandsone' should be
engaged in a campaign on the very snot
where his ancestors met the.' enemies of
his country, and; like him, a witness cf
their discomfiture. Ensign Wilson was a
member of ihe Cincinnati, The certifi
cate of membership on parchment, with
Genl Washington's tignature. is new in
possession of his. grandson.
Wool Exhibit-ids. Theie is to be a'
greaLwool show' under the supervision of
the Ohio State Agricultural Society at iis
annual exhibition to be held at Cleveland,
Sept. 15th to 10th, '1662.. Competition
i3 open to the world.' Wool will be divi
ded into four classes.-. 1st. Fulling Wools.
2d. Delaine Wooi?. 3J. Cassimere Wool.
4th. Combing Wools, Twenty-five fleeces
must be exhibited to .entitle exhibitors to
a premium.' Mr. S. N. Goodale, of
Cleveland will have charge of thi depart
ment. ' '',
In hiving a new Sivarm of bees it is of
great importance to give them a hive al
ready furnished with cowbs. : ''
Gophers. Gopher hunts seem to be
the order cf the day in some parts of
lsconsm. -In Dodge county one recent
ly look place, in which, in one day, 749
of the pests were killed. Other hunts of
this character are on the tapis in that
quarter. Death lo the Gophers.'
An Indiana chaplain selected for sink
ing the hymn commencing.
. Show pi(r, lrj oh, lrl, f rirf ;
Let repentant rp!-el live.
. . He had scarcely uttered the last word
of the last, line, when "a private soldier in
his congregation an old man a zealot
christian earnestly cried out: "No.
Lord, unless they lay down their arms !'
Diarrhea ir Calves. The Slock
Journal says: Give the animal, twice
daily, half a pint of boiled milk, and stir
into ihe same a table spoonful of finely
pulverized charcoal."
t w-
An old Rocky Mountain trapper was
asked one day if he had ever seen ar.y
petrifications in the mountains, when he?
' I replied :. -."Bless you : I've seen a whole
forest, sage bUihesand all, petrittl one
of the trees had all. the leaves on, and a
bird sitting on a lirnb. He must have
been petrified in the sprirg- cf the year,
for his mouth was open juat as if he was
singing.
The heal learns new thing?, tut th?
heart forever more practices old experi
ences.
n