gDTERTISER;.:;
,irERTTncnSDAT BT
flSHEB & HACKER,
rf stricert Elock, XXain Etreel
ObNaTI FISHER
! V
. i .
f i
' ":" f :
.A
!'
!
.. f.
: : ' - : -jii: ?: .1
i 1
VAX
... . . ...
. f ...... . f - . f
..." .
T
: f 1 ..!
i i : !
-I
I i
::!
I
. ' .. . t ' '
I j i 2
-it
" " . i- or rre trllJ Ve f Bnnbed t $! 60 per
of 1" "T E: .v. th artier, not
-nc!tl tDtCBSii mvuvvxv --'
' :
1 it :. .. I. : : . : I
"LiiERTir aiib uiiioir, oris aitd nrsrznABLD, xiott aiid ronuvsn."
.i
C?Jt KirtC-sallifttr l3i)ct lr-isrt.vi, f. S
lac iitiaal ififttisa - t,
t
IS u
i CJ
t
5) C
IS i
10 0
J I
CsrU. x Ua cf lc, 7 '
Ct coicir.n oi.t7evr - - "
Ont culota vt ytr
Ojt foortfc coiarca oos jr
Ont Hsiti coiaEDO pr ?
CI25ll!Ita aixv. -
Cnt felf co!o:aB .i ; .oa- -Ca
foorth Cvlo&T Si c: i.i
Oat tizhiiJ of if..:-i' x ai-r:ii
Ootc!bCsa thret J -
Oftt tlf color s trt ci.i -Oat
f3ort! eo!-:s-. :iir Bontbt -
Aanounning Cnlii4:e tar t". a (; ij.-t is
k1dcc) - .... S CO
i x. i micui u i u-t'uvK - ion- . 3 ic -
k ptid for In. ulTSfXce. Xettriy utrtimu r-
;0L. VI.
BEOJWNVIIiliE NEBRASKA,' THUESDAY, MAY, 15, 1862.
NO. 45.
' i . . I ! .
,'csinbss 01;R
LECTIC PHYSICIAII
SURGEON,:
MILLINERY.
, jat ei4 MxJtJW:ia
kinds nd cf tiu liJteal iljle. ' Tbo Udies of
5 end ricinity nreccrdially invited U cU
5!ithem. First ioor eait of tht iMbodist
..k.wiWHertw .
r,ll7,lSfj2. jL r '
rZlEFAIt-G 1 TI-1IC V
' . - AGAINST TUB i r , '
THE PIKES OP FALL,
' . , :B Frime, A. o. I Insurance,
I01DIX lilM.110;
i E Jf.'Jl'.iKINSON, : ,
30UCIT03-JH' CHAHBERY.' '
OJceeorncT or Mic sod First Sts.;
CrownviUo'; 2NT- T-
i DR. D- GWIN,
JIring prajcntly Located rear
hoWNVILLE, : NEBRASKA,-.
, h.prtic of Medicine and Surgery; tea-
Hi profewiontl services to the afflicted.
S , one mite south of town, tn the old Mxon
UF HAIiTFO
ID,
: Tht. Fruits cf the Phcsnix
Are manifest in the following statement of T:ts
and Fgures, showing the cmonnt equalised public
benefit, in the ehupo of losses paid in tht wetl and
Sooth, during the past four Tears ; a attbstantial rec
ord of a m'I -
. ITcXl Tried Corporation. . .
11R7 CO-'" NEBRASKA $1,167 CO
4077 65 i--OHIO.... 40.X77 45
27,622 84 .-INDIANA 27,622 t4
CJ 174 58- .ILLINOIS -69,174 5ft
327,70 (Si MIUAlCAtf ..-32.670 C3
34220 IS- WISCONSIN... 34.220 li
1932:$ 34.... IOWA .'-.'lft,323 34
8653 io....'" MINNESOTA 8.653 10
0 765 00-' KANSAS. .;-9.7C5 0
34 054 SS KENTUCKY'.-... -34,054 36
43C54 DO TENNESSEE 43,054 00
23 832 55-.... MISSISSIPPI- ......102 55
27,693 83 MISSOURI -27,6 83
22 839 4.1 'ARKANSAS -..-..'22.839 43
3,961 63 TEXAS.--f -3,961 98
.555 5 ALABAMA 555 55
Insurances solicited, and policies issued and renew
ed in this leading Cornomtion, at fair rates by ,'
E. W. THOMAS ;
Resident Agent.
BtWBTmp, Sept. fi, ISSt). '
Augustus Schoenlieit
rTORNEY 1 AT LAW,
AUCITORSA?I? CHANCERY,
Corner T irwv "ati. fitmU-.i .
mnvllle. - - - XcbrasUg
K JAMES S. BEDFORD .
TTORNEY AT LAW,
f AND ' n
llastcr rommisNtoRCf In Chancery,
i BP.ovTryiLLr, y.;T.
T. M. TALBOTTt
DENTAL SURGED CT,
ring located himself io Bro-wnville, N. T.,tea
niproiessiouai services w iuuiuuiuiv.
i jobs warranted. ' V ' ''X . ' -
CITY LIFBRY STABLE
-, AND w .
BROWN VILLI?, NEBRASKA.
ROGERS: & , brother;
AVKOL ."CES to tht public that ha bas purCliimed the
Livery StaLiS ni Sloes forvnerlr owned br William
Roascii and a ' oJ jfcf-eto Bne uck, and U now piepar
ert to aocomajk.a'.e tut public wKU
Carrbges, t ;-
' Bar
M -
SnlTkios. : ' '
c middles Horses
' &C. &C.
THE TRAVELLIIIG PUBLIC
; . -;; ! - : - : 'J : -
Can ' find at hi Stable ample accommodations for
horse, mules or cu le.
BKXJAMIK 8t JOSmjA KOGEES.
BrowBvtlJe. Oct. lSr 1860. nl6-ylv
ocks Watches & Jewelry.
J. SCHIJTZ
' ronldsnoounceto tbeiltlseas of BrownvIUe
S nd Ticmity that he hs located himself in
iBrownville, anJlnTenKeepmR a full assort.
uf evcrythir.gia hisliaecf butieis, which' will
, Jiwforch. ne-iil alsodo all kinds of re
: of clocks, watcbe and Jewelry. All work war
k. " '-- - ' vanlSly
DWAKD' W. THOMAS,
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
j AJD
Dlicitor in 'Cliancery.
Oflce emer of alaiu nd Tirst Streets.
jROWN VILLE. NEBRASKA.
1 THOMAS DAYIS7 v
CLECTLC PHYSICIAN
i BURGEON,
iBLE ROCK, NEBRASKA
r ' nerercne Dr. D. Owin. BfownvfUei - - 1 r '
LEWIS WALDTER,
-OlSE, SIG.V AND ORNAMENTAL'
:I1LZR AND PAPER HANGER-
lRUWNVlLLErN'T ry t
FAIRBANKS'
;S C;A' L'E S
OF ALL KIKDS.
fA!R3ANKS GREEtlLEAF,
t LIKE ST., CHICAGO,
corner cf Main tt Walnut Sts, St. JLouia.
. ICT 05LT TnE
J- WILSON BOLLINGER,
AND
ounsellor at 'Law
r?-5!i?Land Collcctlnsr Jtscnt.
tUiillE, GAGE CO.,-NEBRASKA.
"'U-practice in thes ;ve al Courts in Gnge and
. counties, and will give prompt attention
wsine ectriwtpil in him r,.V,
iaa 1 articular attctiticfi given to loct-
!Ta arrant! on Innrla arf f nllv lrtAl l,
'i RH. A.. TERRY,
: "folcsakand Retail Dealer in
, rC(n, rield and TIoiTcr Seeds,
''i .MS,A?lsrterri. Blackberries,
r'r 0rn"ai Shrvbbtry GenercJly.
-ggENT CITY IOWA.
! 'PIOHBEES :
-j.aia.-uLrcictor'rT-
JOHN L CARS01T
' Successor to Lntlibsnsh & Carson,
EEJ . STT 2S E2J
LAID AND TAX PAYING
Dealer in Coin, C'ncurrent Money, Land
. Warrants, Exchange, and Gold Dust '
' MATN STKRKT.'
.BRO.IYA'YfJLLE, :
I will give especial attention tohnylns an ' Jelling cx
fjinpe on the principal cities of t lie United States and
Jturope. Gold Silver, nncurrent Bank; AJilln, and
Gold Dust, Collections made on all aocesa.le points,
anti proceeds remitted in exchauce at current rates. -A
Deposit received on current account, and interest al
lowed on special deposits
; OFFICE
3IAIX STllECT, BKTiVEEJtT THE
- .Telegraph and tho .V
, Land O fliers.
REFERENCES:; ,
Llnd & Brother ' Philadelphia, Pa.
J. W. Carson &. Co., " "
ntser. Dick & Co. . -Bammor, ua.
Touns & Carson, , . , . ,. '
Jeo. Thompson Mason, Col'r of Tort,
win. T. Stnitbson, Esq., Hanker,
J. T, Stevens, Esq., Att'y at Law,
Jno. S. Gallaher, Late 3d Aud. U. S.
Tarlor & Kriesh, Bankers,
McClelland, Pre co.,
Hun. Thomas G. Prattj
Hon. Jas. O. Carson, '
P. a. Smalt. Kso., rrts't S. Bank,
Col. Geo. Shlf y, A'y at Law,
Col. Satn.liitnibletonAU'y at Law,'
Jadfte Tbos. Perry, i '
Prof. XJ. Tut iler, v
TTasfclnjrtor.D.C.
..-
T. " "
' ' Chicane, tll.! '
. , ; St. Louis,- Mo.
. Annapolis, Aid.
'' MercersburaPa
: 'Hagortown, Aid.
. . '. . 1
" ' Fasten, If d. "
Cumberland, ild
navaua, Alabrna.
Nov 8, lS60-tf.
Moxioy AdLvaucod on
PIKES' PEAK GOLD !
I. win receive Pike's;. Peak Gold, and .utivance
money upon the same, and pay over balance of proceed
as iioon as Mint returns are bad. In all cares, I wl
exhibit the printed returns of tbe United States, In"'
r Assay onlce. .. -A .
JNO. L. CARSON,
BULLION AND EXCHANGE BROKER
BROWSV1LLE, NEBRASKA. : ' c "
REAL ESTATE
: .A IT V
Collection Office
OF - . . ,
Main, B'lizccn Levte end First Streets. ,
Particular attention given to the
Purchase and Sale ofReal
Estate, . Waking Col- ; ,
lections and
Payment otVTaxcs lor Xon-Ucsl-
dents.
LAND T ARRANT S FOR SALE, for cash and on
time.' ' ' 1
LAND WARRANTS LOCATED fo r Eastern Cap
italists, on lands selected from personal examination,
and a completo Township Hap, showing Stre&nis,
Timber, Ac., forwarded witalbe CertiCcatt of loca-
Brownville. N.T.Jan. 3. IS3L. , v jl
, .PiKc'a Peak, or Uust." r )
piioyisici-WGRS,
AND
DRY GOODS HOUSE. :
BllIT.'T'T? V
!C2$L BLUFFS, IOWA.
JJPP.DAVIS EUITG !
'fint-1 a JrT Of-TiVCXTCl
T 1rtMI'1,J "ttttir Y.t rest qnaliry cf
.UGHTNING. RODS
. .: . ..
. n. n. march.
B It 0 Y7I7 V I L L E, IT. ;T.
...... . . i . .-
Hare Just completed their new ensinecs aonse on
Main Street, near the U.S. Land OfiK-e, in Brewnville
wbere they bave opened out and areoflVtingonthe most
fvorbl terms. "
Dry Goods, Provisions,
Of all Kinds,
FLOUR, CONFECTION ARIES,
Gil EE' AXXJ DRIED FRUITS,''
Choice Liquors, Cipars, -'
And a ''thousand and one,' other tblngs t-verybody
needs. ' f
CALL AND EXAMINE OUR STOCK
ErownTi;lt, April 26, ly
4i
a V
' a
r i
S.r-:
t , !r a
' .It
3
SE3II-ANNU 1L 'STATK3IENTtlST0-102-
CAPITOL and SURPLUS
, . - , -. . .. , -
Tvlny Xctt. lOOl. (
Cash and cash lteraa, ' " $79,C5S 73
Lnt welUecured -K ,;' ' 1 68,253 20
Btal Katate.'. ' 1 : .-, 16,000 00
3C:6 shares ITartford Back Stoclm - - . S74.859 0O
4C5 Newrork., - ' - '. - 133, S50 00
1010 ". :Bost5a " '? 100 760 00
507 " -other - . 63,088 00
tuitcdStfcte and State ".T " . " 73 357 00
TlartldfcN nven .R. bonds "' S9 700 00
Hartford City Bonds i ; 86.750 00
Couu. EivcrCo.&E.R.Co.Stock' 4,600 00
total Asfata - ... v -$93i.30S3
Total liabilities - r . - , . , . - ,, ,73 2i 2
' For details of investments, tee lttall Cardi and Cir
tulars. i r .. '.-. . ' -
Insurances may he effected In this old and substantial
Company on very favorable tar a. ' '
PP- JOHN L. CARSON, Agt
! '" :' ' ' BROWKTILLB, K T. ;
! JLwelHn!:s and ?arm Pmperty Insured lor a term
cf years at very low rates 3 lyno4) ' . :
" ' BROWNYILLE i "
I -)
THORN, COLEMAIi, CO.
9
jtnnonnce to the traveling pnhllcthst their splendid
and commodious Steam Perry rannlng across from . :
; '' : '. i i ."-:'.; j..t "
- Broovie, ' ?-nnLs Nebraska: ' '
a. i v.
Is one of the best n every respect on the Upper Sfis
sonrt river. The Boat makes regalar trips every hour
so that no time will be lost In waiting. . ....
" The- banks on both Sides or the river r low" and wet;
graded wbicb renders unloading nnneceesary at is the
case at most other ferries, f n ' . ' " - t- .
No fears need be entertained as to difficulties atomear
this crossing, as everybody tBTTrts region, on both sides
of the riveri Is for the Unioo. tha strongest kind.
Our chargertK an Item these hard times are lower
than at any other crossing. ' 1 i t '.''' .i ; .
Travelers from tar.sas to Iowa and to the east will find
this the nearest and best route i" every : -ret. .
, THORN, COLEMAK. CO.'
Brownvillc, Nebraska, Sept. 21st 1SSS." '" .1 ;'
; JACOB MAHHON,
rllerchot Tailor j
BROWNVILLE,
; Calls the attention of Gentlemen desiring new, neat,
servlcable. and fashionable
.i WEARING-APPAREL,'-
:;' t '! : :. :;'." ! I '' -tl '.':!'
I .-,!, : : ; TO HIS .v Oi;.- : l :
FewStock of Goods
JUST: RECEIVE
1s ! - .! it ;-i ::! ' i 'j I: t f;!,'.l'j v.i
BROAP CLOTHS, CASSSMERS TESTISaS,. kc. Itc,,
' ..-; ,r i.i , f '-v
OF THE TERYXATETT STYLES,
j r r- r--r'--, 1
! Wbicb he will ell or make np, to order, atanpreca
dented low prices.' 11 - -- - - -" " " -
iThese wistuuf any thing Jahls Una, will do wol to
call and examine his stock before investing, aa he
pledges himself to hold oat pecqliarly favorable in
ducements, " " 'i "i i-' '-v
Febroar? 13th. 1862. , - . , ,v . .
m STDR
) I LI
I
rf T?nr
i ! TJROYirVTLLE,
'"'" "VCTiitney'a Bl3ck," Kaln Street. '
LOOK FOR T HE SIGN. OF THE
ELK HOM; and MORTAR
J,fj;;;:T;MrRi
AXKOUXCES totbe'cititensf ErownvilTe and
vioinity tha"( he has removed hia Drug Store froai
SiJney,IowitotheCity of lirownville, And baring
added thereto au extensive stock of
Fresh DraSi'. . - .: . ; . .ii .1 ..
; Chemicals, - - .r -:"
; r Dye Stuffs, i . ! : ; ,"i
' 0 i . Paints and -Oils,
f' Pure Wines ttfad Liquors,; :
' For Medical ;Purposes,'
' ' : :' : Hair and Tooth brushes,
'. " ' Perfumery, ' '
. . .. . -; Fine Toilet Soap,
V :' ,'. ... .j &C.j&C, i&c.
Invites the public patronage. -., - -
53-Physlclan's Preecriptions attended to at all honrt
bum by Jav and ntbe.
brownville, Arrit irth,I86l. - n40-yly '
CHEAP FLOV7XH3 mUITS
I will wnd, 1V rnaH, postpaid, 100 MtaLL BTT.BS,
mostly reuted TCLirS.fw one dollar, and Large
Bulbs of same, for $2. .Cther Bulbs, nm4, low
mSi:KBACEOUSPETlESJfIAtS,,er 50 sorts, fine
mixed ROSES and other HARDY S A RUBE FRY,
br express, or railroad, 4 to 8 dollars per ICO. Nam
ed ami pnoiCB FOMS, about doub'.o price; and more
in small nel-ud lots in ail, 600 ra-leties. ,
"FaaM. FRriTs"of all sorts, including Delawarb
and OoNCono GaarF-S, equally Teafwiable. . ' 4 ;
Ffxit and Crkuiksta'lTpkes, 25 per cenLlow
er than umal.. All safely packed, to keep a month,
purchas.rscost.: Address. , ,
' " " ' '. r The Orcre P. O., Cook Co, Ills.
7 ' J
Codes TorIcul!i r.nd Age -
1 If one were to' arrange, tbe library
ofa man bo bad always been a read
er,1 according , to Ibis growth in , years,
how very few books ouM be shifted
from tbe, child's 'shelves to tbeboy's,
and thenco to the nsans; so rarely do
onr book companions grow t:p with us1,
so commonly do we outgrow them, and
use then cuSy'ts 'mementos of former
(layiVOi'tLe'lookswhirensiri
irllli Vi tLwaiircro' than;' one stage
cf lifc there uro 'very few -which we
tnjoy .iaeacb .cf.the stagesJ - Bocks
of adventure, for instance, keep their
charm through : childhood arid "early
youth ; but ,whenrour own .period- of
adyenture' arrives," we' find it so much
more intense than our boyish dreams,
that Robinson Crusoe and bis fellows
tose their charms ; --when we pass this
stage and resch that ofsteady,' quiet'
life, and . especially when we enter that
period where we sit tinder our own
vine and g'tree, these books regain
their old charms, because they reflect
former experience, and help us to live
our more : . impulsive years. So, ' too,
fairy tales are inseparable from child
hood, but in youth action finds its poet
ry in romance, and it is 5 in the years
of riper manhood that these tales, re;
cover their enchantment, because it is
then that the spirit of childhood with
in us begins to reassert itself. , Child
hood has no : foreknowledge 'of tbe
struggle of youth and the reflection of
manhood ; yet, t accompanies each
state, and finally regains its ascen
dency; not now, however, to be sym
bolized by the innocence of infancy,
but by the white-robed figures with
palms in their hands.- National Quar
terly Revieto. . ! ' '
Tlic Bee Moth Its First Appcsr
: ;V, ance la this Conntry,
It -appears that tbe bee '.moth, al
though prevalent in Europe at a much
earlier day, did not make its appear-
ance.in this country till early in the
present . century. . Its depredations
were discovered ,in .'Massachutts, in
180a. It was first noticed, and de
scribed in the Boston JPatriot in the
spring of 1806; and it is stated that
within "two years of that time, four
fifths of all the apiaries in that vici
nity. were abandoned. . According ,to
Di-;.Kirtland's observations, the ap
pearance of ' tho bee moth was not
noticed in1 Ohio, until after loZ6. In
1831,,' it bad i spread oyer: tbo "State
generally.! j ': ' -
Since that time a ere at deal of brain
labor1 ha3 beri expended,' in ,'devising
means, by which to head off this insect.
Numerous hives bave. been gotten up.
and presented to the Apiarian; all of
which, m the enstimation 6f the in
ventors, wercfjast'M thing. . Vie will
not attempt a description of. any of
these several! inventions, or discover
ies, for not one of them was any im
provement upon ; the "old ' fashioned
straw or box: hives, until the system
of. .movable cbmb'frames? was devised
and put into use. , . : . r :
; n Langstrotfy in his invaluable Work
oa tbe Bee, in speaking, of the moth,
makes "the following .remarks,', which
are . of special. , interest to every bee
keeper i at, the present season. Let
every - one who has the; care of bees,
read them.- '" ' . ; ! ; ' K ' ' '. '
ul shall now explain why. some
stocks .flourish; in spite of neglect,
while others, most cared for, fall aprey
to the moth, and shall show how; in
suitable hive3, and with proper pre
cautions,, the moth may be kept from
seriously annoying the bees.
. A feeblo colony being unable to
cover its combs, tbej e,re often filled
with the eggs of the ' moth, and, fre
quently, their owner becomes aware
of their condition only -when their
ruin is completed. But how, can the
novice know when a stock, in a com
mon hive is seriously infested with
these all-devouring worms? The dis
couraged aspect of the bees plainly
indicates that there is trouble of some
kind within, and the bottom board will
be covered with pieces . of bee-bread
mixed with the.ezcrmsnJof the worms,
which looks like grains of gunpowder.
Earlyjn the Spring, before the stock
becomej populouSj the bees should be
driven up among their combs by smoke,
and the bottom-board cleansed. It too
frequently happens that, in the com
mon hives, nothing; can be effectually
done; even when ; the bee-keeper is
aware of the plague, within. With the
moveable frames, however, ths combs,
and. all parts of the hives, . may be
carefully cleansed, and' if a stock is
weak or qaeenless, , the proper reme
dies may be easily applied. If a fee
. InexperieneeS bee-keepers, 'who imagine that a
colony is nearly m ined when they find a few worms,
should remember that almost every old stock, how
ever strong or healthy, has some of these enemies
lurking about bis premise
I tWbenbcesia the spring prepare their eeUs for
brood, tbe bottcxa-board U often covered with small
piaces cf comb and boe-bread ; but if these are not
mixed with the Uck excrement, they are proofj of
industry, instead of aign of rata. -.
ble stock cannot be strengthened so as
to protect its empty combs, they may
be taken away until the, bees are nu
merous enough to need them.1 ; '
If the bee-moth were s6 constituted
as to require' but' a small amount of
heat fcr its fall cbvelcpmcnt, it would
beeoriie exceed:: ly.; numerous early
in the Spring; nr.d might easily enter.
the;Hv?3 , and deposit its eggs where
it ptisan : fcr at this season, notcnly
i3ttiero no guard maintained by, the
bees at night, but large portions "ci
their ! comb are quite unprotected.'
How doe3 every fact'in the history of
the bee, when properly investigated,
point with unerring certainty to the
wisdom of Him who made'itl'
t Combs having no brood, . may. bo
smoked with the fumes of burning sul
phur, to kill the eggs or worms of the
moth. ' If. kept from the bees, they
should be carefully protected, in a dry
place, from the moth,' and examined
occasionally,'1 to be smoked' again if
any wam3 1 are found; ' - T
.:The most fruitful cause of the rav
ages of the moth;8till remains to bs
described. If a colony becomes queen
less, it mu3t, unless otherwise destroy
ed, inevitably fall, a prey to the bee
moth.. By watching, in glass1 hives,
the proceedings of colonies purposely
made queenless, I have ascertained
that they make little or no resistance
to her Entrance,' and allow her to lay
her : eggs ; where she : pleases 1 The
worms, after hatching, appear to bave
their own way, and are even more . at
home than the dispirited bees.515
.How worthless, then, to( a queen
less colony, are all the traps and other
devices which, of .late, years, have been
'so much, relied upon. r. Any passage
which admits a bee is large' enough
For the mcth, and if a single female
enters such: a hive, she will lay eggs
enough to destroy it,:however strong.
Under a low estimate,' she would lay
at least, two hundred eggs in the hive,
and the second generation would count
by thousands, while those cf the.tbird
will exceed a million. " "
Not only do the bees of abopeles3v
ly queenless hive make ho effectual
opposition to the bee-moth,, but, by
their forlorn condition, they positively
invite their attacks. She appears to
have an instinctive knowledge of their
condition, and no art of man can ever
keep her out. She will pass by other
colonies to get at a queenless one, as
if aware that she will find it in the
best' cenditions for , the development
of -her joung; 'and thus the strongest
colonies, after losing their queens, are
frequently devoured by the worms,
while some small ones, standing by
their side, escape unharmed. ,
It is certain that a queenless hive
seldom maintains a guard at the en
trance, and does not fill the air with
the pleasant voice of happy industry.
Eden to our dull ears, the difference
between -the hum of a. prosperous hive
and the uahappy note of a despairing
one, is .often sufficiently, obvious ; may
it not .be .even: more so, to the cute
senses of the provident mother-moth?":
The fact that qneenJess stocks da not oppose an
effectual resistance to the raothior worms a fact
which I onee thought to be a discovery of ray own-Thai
for a long time been well known to the Germans.'
Mr. Wag-ier informs me "that their ; best treatises,
for many years, speak of this as a settled fact, so
that it ha become an axiom that, if a colony is over
powered, by robber bees, its owner is not entitled to
compensation, as it was, in all likelihood, queenless,
and would certainly have been destroyed by the
moth. .')'' - ? s T f
My attention bas been recently called to an arti
ele in the OMo CMoator for 1819, pagelS5Jby
Micajah.T. Johnson, in which, after detailing some
experiments, he says: 'One thing is certain if
bees, from any cause, should lose their queen, acd
not hate the means in their power of raising ano
ther, tbe miller and the worms soon take possession.
I believe no hive is destroyed by worms while an
eScientqatea remains lif it.'.
. 'this seems to bo the earliest published Dotioo of
(his important fact by an Americcn observer.
i t i i r --lajjsiskii ' - -
Plow deep,1 while sluggards sleep. FftAUffLzy.
The advantages of subsoiling have
already , become a fixed fact with most
if pot all of our practical farmers.
They know by experience, many, of
them, that inverting the surface, ten
or twelve inches in depth produces tho
following happy, results :. ! .v
1; The seed of , all weeds being put
so dep under the soil that they do not
appear soon enough to injure the crop
2." btirring the soil deeply, enabling
it the ' better to i withstand drouth ;
giving the root3 an opportunity of run
ning deep for moisture -
6. Vhen there is a superabundance
of wet,' the advantages of sub-soiling
are apparent, as the moisture will mora
readily settle from the surface.;
And last, thoughjict least, the yield
of produce is from ten to twenty per
cent, greater than can -be obtained on
old soils by surface culture.'
I have before me the experience of
some of our best farmers in this State
on thi3 subject, derived from tests on
old plowed field from 15 to 23 . years.
I will give the extremes on corn,
wheat and oats: on corn, fram 15 to 25
bushels more per acre; on wheat, from
7 to 10 bushels; on oats, from 10 to
18 hushels per acre. Now suppose a
farmer, should .sub-soil : 80 .acres old
prairie for corn, and make only 10
bushels per acre more than if he used
the surface plow; he would harvest
800 bushels more corn, which at25ct3.
per. bushel would amount , to $200,
more than the cost ; of : sub-soiling,
leaving the lahd in the right condition
for an increased crop of oats, and then
wheat with only surface plowing.
With these -remarks -on the bene
ficiat results,: wd will tctica very brief
ly the, modes now adopted by the few
who have found that their titles to the
soil were good below 6 or 8 inches:
1.' Some use two teams running one
common plow in the . same furrow, or
plow two furrows in depth.
2. Some use the Michigan sub-soil
plow, which is similar' ia it3 work to
the former mode, - ! -
: 3. Some use a large single plow that
will run tea inches in depth, drawn by
three horses.. . I consider all these
modes as doing the work imperfectly,
as by neither i3 there a perfect inver
sion of the soil., Still, imperfect as
they are, they will all pay better than
the continual six in plowing.
' I saw a plow last week inventad by
a practical farmer, N. F. Burton, of
Plymouth, HI., and patented last October.-
(See Patent Book, 1861, No.
2564).! It is. a perfect success as a
sub-soil plow. It consists of a surface
and sub-soil plow running side by side.
Tho surface one running on the land
side , just behind the Bub-soil plow,
which turns the sub-sou at any re
quired depth over the surface soil.
The team has a good path, the bottom
of the surface furrow, which is an im
portant item ;' as well as the complete
inversion of the soil. When the im
portance of any work is as apparent
as that of subsoiling, especially old
fields, it is quite essential that we use
the best implement to perform the
work. Two yoke of oxen. with a boy
to drive, is all that i3 required to run
the Burton Plow, as it runs on wheels
and holds itself, Vcllrr Farmer,
i Trora the Iowa Homestead
Corn Its Nativity Increased IIcIJ
, ; per Acrc,-dc
i Of the cereal grains, none is mere
extensively cultivated in the United
States, than (umaizo") corn. The
varieties are very numerous,1 depend
ing a great deal upon the character of
the soil and climate on which they are
grown. No grain may be grown
through a wider range of latitude,
man . inaian . corn nourishing irom
about 40 of Southern to 45 Northern
latitude. According to the mean tern
perature, it ripens from six weeks to
seven months. With the exception of
rice, it furnishes the daily food for a
larger number of human beings than
any other grain. ,
Corn i3 a native grain of the United
States. It was first. 'cultivated on the
James River, Virginia, by the Fnglish,
in 1608. The mode of culture was
similar to that followed by the Indians.
As the . science of : Agriculture be
comes better understood, the yield of
corn per acre increases. It i almost
marvelous to see what a span there i3
in' the yield of corn per acre. Ac
cording to reliable statistics, it may be
put down from 5, to 189 bushels, to
the acre. .. In 18o0, .nine competitors
in the State of Kentucky, each culti
vating ten acres, raised 11,440 bushels,
of shelled corn. Some years ago a
crop of 170 bushels of shelled corn
was actually raised in Madison county,
N. Y. These .figures, which are well
founded upon facts, are almost suS
cient to put the stigma of laziness and
bhiftlessness, upon those farmers who.
from year to year, are contented, while
harvesting from 25 to 40 bushels of
corn from an acre. If, Madison co.,
N. Y., which is in a higher latitude
than tho greater part of Iowa, and pos
sessing a Eoil much inferior for corn,
170 bushels can be raised from an acre,
then no farmer of this State should
be contented with an average yield of
less man cd cusneis to ina aero. .
That could be done during ordinary
seasons, on nine-tenths cf tho farms
of Iowa, I verily believe. The reason
why so many farmers dont raise let
ter crops than they now do, is this
they are too careless and indifferent in
the cultivation - and management cf
their farms. T don't want to say that
many cf ; them are too lazy. But then
pomething more is necessary to raise
189 buihels of corn to the acre, than
to pull off the coat, roll up the sleeves,
and then "pitch in" blind'.
. o make farxninir profitable, the
farmer mu3t not just know what to do,
but at the same time know tuhj he does
it. He should know, chemically speak
ing, the 'nature and properties of the
soii he cultivates, fronrMay to day ;
and the special manures thatTare re
quired, by the various crops that he
raises; alio, the nature and habit3 of
the grasses and cereal plant3 he cultivates,
It is almost as philcscphical, ar.il
nearly as profitable, to expect to rais
a 'remunerative crop cf corn, frcn r.
field plowed three inches deep, and
cultivated accordingly, B3 it would ta
to attempt to fatten poultry upn clean
rye straw,
. In cultivating ccrn so as U xj
we ought to have .;:si soil, Ic'J-r cul
tivation, and the Ini seed. Ccrn miy
bs mad'to grcv upc-'hic:; tny soil,
by the sppliciiba cf r.iure, nr.d
skillful cultivation. But the r:il whi:i
is particularly adapted to it, 13 thit
which contains a large per.centsga cf
vegetable, mold, is friable and ti:ep,.
and is suCciently supplied with moij- ,
ture by evaporation. Tiairics, ar.dk
alluvial deposits, such as aro fjur.d '
along the Scicta river, in Ohia, may "
ba considered tho citufal habitat cf
ccrn. . .
. The most remarkable Uziz??,
fact, in regard to tbe soil cf tha Scioto
bottoms, is the exceeding fineness cf
its particles. .' r
the Flax nrd Lln:n Tr:!:.
Belfast, the great emporium c? tV.3
linen trade, last year exported C j.000.CCO.
yards of linen and 13,CD,CC3 pounds of,
linen and ihread. Next in importance t-
the flax industry, is lha trade in sewed
muilins, eraployin about a million per
sons in Ireland. . Another rr.anufactur'
carried on in Belfast is ienportant in tho
consumptfcn ' cf . agricultural produce
namely, starch-making from wheat. Ten
firms use nearly SO.OOO quarters cf th
finest red wheat every year. The wheal
en starch made by the cli feraemaur
procesf, is largely used by bleachers, th
gocds retaining their stiffness lor jer than
if dressed with the rice and other starch
es.-. The. whole cf ths business is at
present nearly paralyzed as America was
the best marked for Irish linen gacds,
very limited quantities cf which hatV
been imported during the past mnv
months. Cat. Fartntr.
HoT7 Hzaltiz. Br.:Gzirr3 Tzzvzi
God has so knit tbe mind tzi t?dy
together, thatthey p.?t r-d r"1--.? '.:"-i
each other. Who h-d r.c; felt that tr.3
state of health givca a coloring to
everything that hippcs to him? One
man, whose health is deprc-icJ, s:ca
hi3 own fireside, that used to burn si
cheerily, only covered with gloom and
sadness Another, of a bright and
joyous mind, in tho full vigor of
health, will go forth, and the very
desert to that man's eye3 will rpjoic
and the very wilderness to his view
will blossom as the rose, and tha sad
dest strains in naturo will sound to
him the mo3t joyou3 and brilliant. A'
sufferer goes out and Iook3 on nature,
and its roses are all become thorns, it
myrtles all look like briars, and Eden,
itself seems like a desert, and tha
sweetest minstrelsy of the grove and
the forest sounds to him like a wild
and wailing minor running through
all the sounds of nature.
Cut Worm and Cora Qrtjb Kiit-'
-Br. Asa Fitch," the eminent ento
mologist of the N. Y.'State Agricul
tural Society, says:' "I doubt net Voa
have noticed in plowed fields a larga
biacK beetle with most brilliant gslden
dots placed in rows on its back. It ia
tho Cchsoma calidum of entomcle-ist3v
and its eggs produce the rem $mb
killer. It i3 a nest inveterate foe cf
the cut Worm, grasping the worm in
its strong jaws, and m spito cf its vio
lent writhing and struggling securely
holding it, and when it find? these
wcrms plenty, it gorges and surfeits'
itself upon them, till it i3 so glutted
and distended a3 to be scarcely abla
to stir for it never know3 haw to let
a cutworm alone when it mect.3 rvith
one. - It is continually hunting thes.
worms, feeding on nothing else if it
can .obtain them. Uoth it and tho
golden dotted beetle, which produces
it, therefore, should never be harmed."
Btwsoaiya TnorcnTS. The sun
light makes the violet blossom. No
surgeon's instrument can make fioxers
blossom, and no hammer can driv
them fsrth. But tha sweet, persuad
ing sun cm call them cut. A seed is
planted. The sun locks, and Willi
tha place again, and a gren plant ap
pears above the ground ! It looks
once mere, and kisses ths place enco
more, and a beautiful white blossom
unfolds itself!
And thu3 it i3 with the sou!. No
logic can pry out these devout aspira
tions. No philosophy can draw them
forth. But let God's sweet, persuad
ing soul re3t upon ours awhile, and
they come up and blos3om. Th.8 soul
is the garden cf the Lord. JT. TF".
BeecluT.
A Cum: fox SorT Corss. Scraps a
piece cf common chalk, and put a pinch
to the soft corn, and bind a linen rn up-
oo it. Repeat the application during" a,
few days, and you will fi:;d it will coma
off like a shell and perfectly curtd. The.
cure is simple ani eCUawus. Go-Jey.
',' t
v-
