I
TUB ADVERTISER,
r-'SSSI) ETEET TIICB.SDAT BT
I-UKNAS. & LYANNA,
cd stcryStrickler' Block, Main Street,
nROlTSVILM, X. T.
. .if
- - $2 00
60
00
f 12 AT 1119" will ic luiui'tm o w ri
r r,v ie-i tuecasU ccuiiaie tbe wrtfer, not
r If paid in aivnce, - - - - $2
r,ey " if BMltHienluI Smooth 2
It "
vim t
Mi ir
t 1 !!
ax
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AM
-"-
l M if i .
ri
Ay Ay fr Ay Ay
"LEQSHTZ AITD UNION, 0"C AIID nrSEPZ-ABLE, IJOV7 AITD FOItBVEH.'
THE- ADVERTISER,
TIATES OP ADVEETISUJOj
")o tqor(ia Uoeor lii)ontiU:o:;ivD, -Bach
iliUieuUiiier tun, -------
Or.0 qnmr, on uioctb. - - - - - - -
Culne. Cards of nihii(io:iiit t jei.-,
OnGolmnaooy.ir, ---.--One-bait
Col um a one Tear. ------
Ouefacna Coiumnoneyear. - -Oneihtt
Colnma one yr, - - - - -
Onacoiuron six months, -------
One naif Coturun tix mostti , - - - - -
0n fourth C! nn a luiviiiti : - - - - -
One eighth CoItcib montsa, .-.
One Coiacin three months, ------
One half Colnraa three moctt. - - - - -
One foorth Comma three kii:1h, - - -
OaeeichtnColumntareeiaontb, - - - -
.auisciaictaaiJi'.eaioract (iuJTat,
fl
CD
.) bo
f
1 C?
A c ,
1 W
. JM
n r-a
ii to :
(.1 -
VOL. VI.
BROWNVILLE, NEBRASKA, THURSDAY, SEPT, 19,1861.
NO. 11.
UUSINE-SS CARDS. 1 1859.
v'it)iiusoii & Sclioenheit
ATTORNEY AT LAY.7,
()UCITOrwSAIN CHANCERY,
" corner First and Main Streets,
Rfilw ille. - - - -elraUa
rmT-D.-GVIN,
Having p'craanently located in
UKUWNVILLE, NEBRASKA,
v r th- rtu-e .f Melieioe and Snrgery, tja-;l"hi"-.r
ruI errice to the dieted.
'd O-rt'on Main Street. o2Zxl
i s.UOLLADAY, M. D.
'rVviaforim b' fr:enJs in Erownville tcj
, eviaa::y iLaiUe h resume4 the rra -Uce of
Sciuc, Surgery, & Obstetrics,
". a ,varv.tttentiontoh!jrofesion,toreceive
fi - . hretuf.re extended ii'tfu. In
T. W. TIPTON
Attorney at Law,
'br o irxriL.LE, .v. r.
1859.
II AMKAIL, & ST. JOSEPH II. II,
, : It.-. :
FALL ARItAXGEMEXTS.
Morning Trsln leaves St. Joseph at - - 6:00
Ever.i'K Tr.uo leaves tlo d. - - 6:40
St. J 5t-rh i.- reached l-v the Vicern St.?e Line.
Pfenr't rs Favctime arrt itreionQ stinc ty thisroute.
Djily onnoc! lotis rua le at liiiiibal .t'u i:aoteru
RHd Southern K :lroali IiJPcktTS.
J T D Haywood, Sup't., IIannilal.
D C Sawin, General Agent, St. Joe
P B Gkoat, G. Ticket Agent, Han'lal
Tiieo. Hill. G. T. Ag't, Brownville
t5
NcuiSupplnaf 0tau
I hare just roccivcJ a new eur-jlv f
COOK STOVES
Of the latest anJ ru''t initirored patterns, wl.ioh I
prcp-e to sell ct y.icli jrlocs as can'.i"t le cemjil. titl
ed t fT. The put'.ioere invited to call a:id e?:nraiD!.
As lsuaI ELij st '.f Tin, bheet Iron and Capper
V"re larfaro ml of a;' rK ufHctur.
j. c. dlHoZii.
April 11, 1?: I. r.50-)V
J. D. N. THOMPSON,
Justice of the Peace- and
T Vii acknowlei?eineati cf PeeU. Marries Te-pie
K 'c. '-e nr.t J'jor outh of Miua Co's D.-u
H,- t::v.!'.?, June 3tt, 850,
"TOHH L CAES01I
(Successor to Lcshbanph &. Cron.
LLND AND TAX i'AYLVG!
j?.?;' m Coin, Incurred Money, Land
l't:rrards, Exchange, and Gold Dad
M IN' S l'ltKET.
BSOXVILLC, .LlJUASIi.i.
t iM Five efpecial attention tobnylng anJ pellin ex-,v-cM
t!iei rmcii'alcitie vl the Tinted St-lt. kI
Kur-t Gi,t Silver, uncurreut Bnk BiUs, aaj
J I Cut, Collection n.aJe on all aew sable poiuit,
n-i i.r-c.H:n reoiitted In exchange at current rates.
. p, ;) ..sits revived on corent account, auJ juterest al-1uwc-j
u eil iepfcita.
OFFICE,
strci:t. BCTWcEy THE
Telegraph and the I". S.
Land OCices.
I.:n.'.
i. V-
W III
t.
Jn-.
Tr!
M ri
ll m
Ii'.
I- h
(.'i.
' Col.
I JUJ.
. I'M
REFERENCES:
k Brother Pl"Je!ptl
. rrhon 4c Co.,
. it Crn'.:i, 44
ilL.tut,. ttawn.Col'r of Port,
2". Sa.ithN.n, Esq.. Hanker, yash:ngtop, D. C
stavoim. Eo.. Att'v at Law, " '
. (;.ilUber, Late 3J Aud. U- 3.T
S. Krieuh, Biiifceri,
' lanJ, Pve St i
TVmias fi. Pratt,
J ji. . t'ariu.
ii, Ej., Pre'tS. Bank,
-v. ? tiie.v, A'y at Law,
U.tinMeton A.lty at Law,
.. Ti. . Tfrry,
. 11. T'ltwiier,
Pa.
Baltimore, Md.
Chicago, Til.
St. Louis, Mo.
Annapolis, jld.
Mercertbure Pa
Hagcrtown, ilJ.
Eastern, Md.
Cnmberiand, Md
Havana, Alabma.
Nov 8, lS60-tf.
JMES.S. BEDFOUD
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
Mailer rocmisMOKCf In Chancery.
-LHOVKVILLE. T. -
PEASE & FOWLER
BLACKSMITHS,
Water )3troot, .
r.HOWNMLLE, NEBRASKA.
Hhv recently located in this place and solicit a share
o! public wtrocace. Their rork and prices cannot fail
v grvc mukl.cticn. Price for fchoeing horses l
Jjr shoeiLg all r.und ith Be shoes. Dec. 3U, 3a
! D. A. COXSTARt-C,
IRON, STEEL, NAILS,
CASTINGS, SPRINGS, AXLES, FILES
BL AC KSmYtH'S TOOLS
Also: 'Hubs, Spores, and Bent Stuff.
Third Street, between Felix and Edmond.
SAINT JOSEPH, MO.
Which he sells at St. Lonis pricesfor cash.
Highest Price raid for Scrap Iron.
TwmM-rl, lShi.-1y.
" Moil o -y J. dxrn nepd cjj-.
PIKES PEAK GOLD !
1 receive Tike's Peak Gold, and advance
fc aey upon tbe same, and pay over balance of proceed
.n as Mint return are had. In all caes, I wiM
; xLi! :Uhe printed return of the United SUtesJMini,
, t A.av oCloe.
JNO. L . CARSON,
BILLION AND EXCHANGE BROKER
CITY LIMY STABLE
AND
BROWNVILLE, NELJRASKA.
ROGERS c: BROTHER,
AXN'f"k''N'CKS t ti e r'-V'ic that he his purchf.sed the
Livery S a' eaui S.-s f .rir.criy owned by William
It i U- I tl e-et.- rie a-d ii now rcpar-
e 1 to rvt:3ivdte tUe i -Viic with
Ll ,--. (r(K-
V
Saddles Horses
the tsavIluko miQ
On fid st his St ib'.e a:r.v'.e accoSLaoojti jns for
horcr, males or ctt !e.
BENJAMIN .V JSnCA ROGEKS.
Brownril'.e, Oct. IS, l-6'). n!5-y!y
f l -j
. . n v.. i -r-T
i777? YO U US EL YES !
New Eating Saloon.
BEN J. V7HYTE,
LTa? opecMi a new Eating House on street,
npxt d jor to the U. S. Laud OiUco ia DroT nville,
wLcro
CAN EE II AD
AT ALL HOURS.
All k"r.diof game served up as doslrcd, at tho
sbcrtost nr.tiuc.
Oyster?, Quails, Frairio Chickens,
Fish, ""enison, Pies, Cakes, Hot
Coffee. Svveet and Batter
Milk, Muihaud Milk,
rind ail such.
Como and Goo HVZo ! !
1 ub. i". lsol. i
REAL ESTATE
A N D
Collection Office
O F
BROWNVILLE, NEBRASKA.
Jlain, Bfixccn Levze and First Streets.
Particular attention given to the
Purchase and Sale ol'Ueal
Estate. SaKins Col
lections and
Payment of Taxes Tor Xon-Kcsl-dents.
LAND W AURAXTS FOIi SALE, for cafb and on
LND WARRANTS LOCATED forEnsUrnCap
ito!ists,on lands selected from personal examination,
8nd a cximpleto Townsl.ip Slap, showing Streams,
1 imbcr, ic, lorwaraea witn iue vcruucaie ui ioc
ticn.
Brownville.N.T. Jan.S.lSGl. yl
Furniture Manufactory.
J1R0WNVILLE, KEBRASKA.
no20v4
T. M. TALBOTT,
DENTAL SURGEON,
ii uic;located fcimself in Brownville, N. T.,tea
iiffiig prcfossionalaervLcoa to thecommunitj.
A'.ljobs warranted.
Clocks batches & Jewelry.
i J. SCHUTZ
' f 'Wonldanuonncetothecitiien of BrownTH'.e
eTV and vicinity that he ha located himself in
; fci2iBrownvilIe, andintendskeepingafullassort.
i-tia ii f cvrythingin hislineof business, which will
sold lew lor cash. He will also do all kinds of re
. Mriucof clock, watcheandjewelry. All work war
rant's.
v3nlSlr
PIONEER
MUm BOOK
BIIIDERY,
COUNCIL BLUFFS, IOWA.
WILLIAM F. KITER.
Ky n, iseo.
(
FAIRBANKS'
STA3TDAED
SCALES
Or ALL KISSS.
FWRBAHXS & GnEEliLEAFs
LAlvi: ST.. CHICAGO, '
AM cr.rner of Main & Walnut Sts, St. Louis
tIVI- CJLT THE GENUINE.
m fZ W jTr;'vr :: 1
r ' -", w-, j : .
'J
flflCORPO!!
SE!II-ANNU1L STATEMENT, No. 102.
CAPITOL and SURPLUS
$932302.98.
rvXca.3r ILsit. IOG1.
Cah and cash Items - $79 63$ 73
Lo.n well secured - - 6.253 20
Heal listite - ----- 15 000 UO
20-0 tjire Iltrtfor.! Rank Stocks - - 274 6)9 OJ
21J5 ' New Vork " " - - 193.850 00
1010 " Boston " - - 100 75.3 00
f)07 other " " - - 53 CSo 00
rnite.1 State HCd S(.-tC " " 73 67 00
Ifartni &N. Haven R.R. boida " - 33 7U0 00
Hartford City Bund ... 3fi 750 00
Conn. Kivcr Co. a R.R. Co. Stock - - 4.600 00
Tta! ApiT-ts - - - $'.ij'2.302 98
Tutal imbllitie3 - - - - 73 214 27
For details of investments, eee email Card: and Cir
cular;. Idhi rar.cps may be effected in this old and substantial
Comi;iy on very fdvoroblo toruis.
AtT'yto
JOIIX L. CASSOX, Ast
BROWNTILLK, X T.
5 Cweliincs aod Farm Prnpe'ty inhered lor h trm
of year at very low rates l.vu04
Johns & Crowley,
SOLE ilANX'FACTCRS'nS O? TTIV. IiLpP.OVED
CEMENT ROOFING,
Is the Cheapest and most durable Roofing
in vse.
IT IS FIRE J1JVD WATER' PRO OF
It cs.n he applied to new and old roofs of all kinds, and
tn shingle roofs without removing the shingles.
TSic: cost U only onc-tlaird ol T2a,
and is twice as durable.
Gutta Percha Cement
Fir preserving and repairing tin and other meta" roofs
of everp iiescii.ion, from jts gret elasticity is .sot in
jured ly the Cfiitrantlju and expansion of metals, and
Will net crad: in. cold or Run in varm
vzaUicr.
There materials have been thoroughly tested in New
York htid aii parts of the Southern and Western states,
and we can give abundant proof of all we claim in their
favor.
They are readily applied by ordinary laborers, at tri3-
cgcxensfl.
"NO HEAT IS REQUIRED.
These materials are vitt W readu for
vse and for Shipping to all parts of the
Louuiry, u-ith lull printed directions Jor
apvlicatwn.
J - . . ... . . .... y.
l ull descriptive circulars xi'iu be Jur-
ni shed 071 application by nail, or in per-
son, at our principal office.
510, BROADWAY,
(Opposite St. Nicholas Hotel.) NEW TOSS.
JOHNS &. CROSLEY.
Feb. 23, 1551. AGENT3 WANTED. 6rao-
Cora Growing at the West.
The Undersigned having- opened a thop
at the
BROWNVILLE STE.UI IILL,
Are prepared to put up all kinds of
E18IBIT WORK
To order, at short notic.-. We will manuf icttfe
BUREAUS SAFES
DESKS TABLES
STANDS LOUNGES
CRIB CRADLES
ROCKING OFFICE
CHAIRS - CHAIRS
WINDOW LOUNGES
CHAIRS &c. &c.
Wearo a'so prepared to furnish Coffins with the ut
most dispatch. We have on hard weli wawtied Black
Wlniit lumber for that Durtx.se. We have t&e facili
ties of inakinK furniture as cheap as it can be furnn-hed
in thisuntry, w hen durability is taken Into the ac
count, as we warrant all I our work.
We t alicit the patronage of the community.
We will tke in exchange for fnrnitnre all kin1s or
farm pro!rce. Ti.e higl.e-t price tsT butter, esgs.
and lard will be paid tbe enure hot season.
Brownville, itay 3 ly.
CCAIIBERS & NOTES.
THOMAS DAVIS,
ECLECTICPHYSICIAH
SURGEON,
LABLE ROCK, NEBRASKA.
RfciVrencc, Tr. U. Gwin, Brcwavillo.
April II, '61- nl3-Iy
ITcv? Shoe Shop.
BR 0 WXVILLE, NEBRASKA,
F.e-iDectfullv informs the citizers of this pljxe and
vicinity that he has comnienoed tho manufactory of
BooU andEhoes in Brownville, and hopes by attention
ami care to merit a share of public patronage. His
stock is all of the boot quality, and his work all war
ranted to "Bive satisfaction or no pay."
All ntyles'of wurk, from No. 1, tine calf skin boot,
to acoarre brogan, and at pace o low that nona can
C"nipUin.
Oive me a cail at my shop, on First street, botwcea
Main and Water.
Brownville, May 9, 1S61 ly
EDWARD W. THOMAS,
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
A5D
S licitor in Chancery.
Office comer of Main and First Streets.
BROWNVILLE, NEBRASKA.
4Iil4e?s Peak, or Ilust."
NEW
PROVISION STORE,
AND
DRY GOODS HOUSE.
3NTo. 11, rXaiii stroot,
BE0WH7ILLE, IT. T.
J.BES&ffcY'&Co
Have Jnt completed their new onsine? house on
Main Street, near tho U. S . Land Ofllce, in Brownville
whe-e they have opened out and areofi'ering ontue most
favnrab'e terms.
Dry Goocts, Provisions,
Of all K!n.ls.
FLOUR, CONFECT10NARIES,
GREE AAD I1RIED FRUITS,
Choice Liquors, Cigars,
And a "thousand and one," other things everybody
needs.
CALL AND EXAMINE OUR STOCK
Brownville, April 26, ly
IdELVIIT HILLS.
NEMAHA CITY, NEBRSKA.
The public are iniornieU that at iteivio' Atills that
60toiocentscash is being paid for Rood merchantable
wheat AUo wheat and corn gToun.i for to) la usual.
N22 J.O. MELV1X.
LEWIS WALDTER,
HOISE. SIGX AXD ORNAMENTAL
GLAIZER AND PAPER HANGER-
BROWNVILLE, X..T. 1 1
Thr TTRirpst ami Rest Mnslc
T?,,t, VVu-aI and intrumontal I v the be?t Amerioan
and Earopean eomrx?ers. appears fgularlj every
week la tbe HOUSEHOLD JOURN AL. Price Four
Ont. A rir aon bv Jstejlien Glover, ajrears in
The Cost cf ils Production Com vs
Kerosene and "Lager" Has the
Corn Crop "Seen its bcsl day
How to produce it at less expense.
With the present and' prospective
price of corn we are under the nec
cessity of considering whether we can
continue to grow this staple, to be
shipped in its raw state, or to state the
case more plain, can wc-afTcrd to ship
corn as at present, or must xe be con
fined to the amount that we can put
into beef and pork, or use otherwise
on the farm. During the year I860!
there was received at Chicago alone
fifteen and a half millions of bushels
cf cm, and since the first of Novem
ber of the new crop nearly nine mil
lions of bushels ; and this is but a
small part of what has gone into luis
souri, Kansas, south by tho way of
Cairo and east by the various railroads.
It will therefore be seen that an ag
gregate of over twenty millions of
bushels of the crop of 1860 has gone
forward, producing to the farmer an
average price of say twenty cents a
bushel at the depot in the car, or an
amount in round numbers of four mil
lions of dollars. . It is true this price,
on the average, has not more than paid
the cost of production ; and now with
tho average prk-e reduced one half we
may well feel staggered at the prospect.
Most peopie "charge this condition
of things on the present hostile state
of the country, but we judge this has
ess to do with it than many supnose.
We think there is a'more serious dilS-
culty in the way, and one that will re
main after tho country is again at
peace. It is now evident that the
South was preparing for this condition
of things when they purchased so
heavily last winter, and now the stock
of coin is i so abundant at Memphis
and at New Orleans that sixteen cents
would bo all that could be paid for it
here, to make it nett tho present rates
South. The railroad rates have, it is
true, enhanced the price to the Atlan
tic seaboard towns, but otherwise tho
price of corn is high at .the - South.
Jnder present circumstances corn will
not pay at less than twenty cents the
nett cost of its production ; it is there
fore evident that at that price it will
cease to be a favorite crop for ship-
nient. On the lour million dollars re
ceived for corn, to the demise of
;stumptail" there must have been a
oss of at least a million of dollars,
while at ihc present rates on that to
tr o forward there must be a loss of
over two millions more. The two sums
will doubtless sink all the profit to the
farmer on beef and pork made from
the last corn crop. On the whole, the
immense crop of corn for the year
1S60: will no more than pay the ex
pense of its production and harvesting
so far as the farmer is concerned. The
railroads have been extensively bene
fitted as well as the commission men,
while the corn merchant and banker
have suffered loss. Many of our county
banks have gone under, loaded down
with corn, or the notes of corn deal-
n i ii i j ? ' i
crs. come oi tnis is a loss uireci ue-
tween the price paid and that at which
it was sold, and a part by withholding
the funds by southern correspondents.
Another evil that the corn trade begat
was the purchase of stocks to extend
the banking facilities, under the speci
ous plea that more money was needed
to move the crop. This, then, is the
true position of the crop ef 1860, to
sum up an immenbe crop barely pay
ing its cost to the producer. Now if
this is the casa under, such favorable
circumstances, ;to, which we should
have added that the pork market was
bare, that the supplies at the South
were exhausted, requiring a large
extra amount to supply them, and
which in a great part was obtained
before the blockade, wo m&y well
enquire what will be the case with the
crnp of 1851, which though much less,
vet nromises to be more than an aver-
age one. it is certainly no ooject to
grow corn at less than twenty-five
cents delivered at the depot or say
forty cents in Chicago, unless by.im
provement in culture its cost can be
rcdueed. This, we think, is capable
of accomplishment, and that five cents
may be safely counted upon. This
will put it at thirty-five cents in
Chicago, a price which we venture to
say is the lowest that will permit of its
profitable-production, and one that
will bring to market any laTge amount
of this, important staple. We do not
meau to say by'this that the culture ot
corn will not continue a profitable
branch of farming, for there are other
uses to which this crop is put, besides
shipping in a bulk, and that so long a3
beef and pork are used, so long will
corn continue the most profitable iced
to make them, and in many parts of
the country it will continue the staple
feed for farm teams. To supply these
demands will require an immense
amount of corn not so much as at
present, it i3 true, yet an amount that
will contiuue to give it a place among
the great agricultural staples of the
day.
SUBSTITUTES TOR C0R2:.
The extensive use of Kerosene in
place of alcohol, for lights, and the
substitution of lager for whisky, has
cut off two great sources of demand
for corn.. An improvement in the
wine crop has also lessened the de
mand across the water, where high
wines went to make up the deficit in
the product of the vine. In fact, the
distillery wa3 the great seething caul
dron that absorbed the corn crop and
maintained its high price, and unless
some new demand shall arise, we see
no good reason for a change, only in
the reduction of the quantity grown.
With the low freights and improved
modes of culture the East cannot com
pete with the West in this great staple,
and we must soon have the monopoly
of its growth, but whether it will then
be any great object is yet to be de
termined. .The war is not the sole
cause of the low price, for outside of
that the causes before noticed had
sapped the foundation upon which the
demand rested. Cheap alcohol is busy
adulterating the kerosene, but this will
soon come to an end. The war will
increase the demand for wheat and
oats, and to that extent lessen that for
corn. It is possible that the use of
hot air in drying may make it more
valuable for European shipment-?, but
of this we have little hope. That it
will continue the great staple for do
mestic use there can be no doubt, but
a3 an article of commerce it must be
confined to those points that will pro
duce it the cheapest. The wonderful
extension of the spring wheat crop by
supplying cheap flour to the masses,
has made another permanent inroad
into the corn crop. The culture of
winter wheat is also being better un
derstood, and its production is not
only increasing, but being cheapened,
will displace so much more corn for
food. The sowing of rye for fall
pasture and using the crop for "hog
ing down" that is, allowing tho hogs
to do the harvesting is a new item in
the pork line that is rapidly trenching
on the domain of corn. Ilye, after
becoming ripe, will fall to the ground
and remain sound for months without
sprouting in the ear, thus making it a
valuable feed, and as hogs fatten much
faster in warm than' in cool weather,
tho rye by giving an early feed has
the advantage ; it is true that old corn
will do the same, but this must be done
daily, while the rye is at all times
ready, and at the same time makes a
good shade for the lazy porkers.
It will thus be seen that though
corn, like cotton, may claim to be kiug,
yet it i3 being shorn of much of its
power and prestige. Like all coarse
staples, there will be times when from
the failure of other crops it will com
mand a high price, but in its perma
nent position on 'change it will here
after occupy a less, important place.
We have no great regrets on this score,
for other products will supply its place
probably as profitable as corn. The
real difficulty lies in making the
change, for farmers are generally slow
in these things, and have a fondness
for the old and long tried beaten paths.
TWO HORSE CULTIVATORS.
The first object is to cheapen the
cultuae. So Ions as tho margin of
profit was large, and as corn held the
monopoly, it mattered les3 how, or
with what it was cultivated ; but now
when the margin is small, if not doubt
ful, it becomes us to use every effort
to cheapen its culture, for five cents
saved in culture is five cents profit or
so much less of los3.
It has been sufficiently demonstrat
ed that with a properly constructed
two-horse cultivator, the quality of
the work is superior to that done with
a single horse, while in addition the
two horses will do more than if worked
singly and at the same time save the
labor of one man that is, two horses
and one man can work eighty acres a3
easily as two men and two.horsc3. We
will suppose the corn is worked four
times, at four acres a day with a single
horse, and we have a saving of forty
days, which for wages and board, ia
cluding bad weather, is not less than
forty dollars. This, if the crop aver
ages 40 bushels to the acre, is about
one and a fourth cents per bushel on
the crop of eighty acres, or half a
dollar to the acre ; but in addition to
this, we have no doubt that the crop
will average five or ten bushels more ;
nor does the difference stop here, for
with this kind of cultivator the crop
is drilled in, which will make a saving
first on the cost of the machine for
drilling over the planter, and second,
in markinff off, and in the saving of
I the extra hand to check off the hiil3.
I
Another very important point i3 that
by drilling the planting can follow the
plowing, instead of waiting until a
whole field is plowed harrowed and
marked off. Here, then, is a continu
ous advantage from the beginning, and
which cannot at this time be overlook
ed, if we have any irgard to the pro
fits of corn-growing. Under this pro
cess we think four workings are better
than five under the old. We cannot
put this difference at less than five
cent3 on the bushel, which at the pres
ent selling price is no small item, if
com will barely pay at twenty-five
cents under the two-horse system
that i3, we would ra'her grown corn
for twenty cents, under this new plan,
than twenty-five under the old. When
corn was worth fifty cents, the profit
was so large that it could be worked
with almost any implement and yet
prove satisfactory, but now when it is
selling below cost, one of threo things
must occur a rise in price, the cheap
ening of its culture, or an abandon
ment of the crop for commercial pur
poses. Of the two-horse cultivators
we have already a large variety of
patterns, all of them more or less
valuable; some of them with scats for
riding, some to be guided with a lever,
and others in the ordinary way of cul
tivators. None that we have seen
come up to what they should or will
be.
We have one with rollers to crush
the lumbs, which we look upon as a
valuable feature, but the cost of it and
the imperfect manner of its construc
tion will not allow of its general use.
With this cultivator we can work any
drilled crop, however small, when the
land is in good order, doing better and
more work with two horses than by
other modft, and still wc would not
recommend it for the reason given
too complicated, too expensive, and
too frail. Its first cost was fifty dol
lars, full twice what it ought to be.
The rollers, the cultivators, and the
shoe to protect the young plant from
being covered with clods and earth are
all properly conceived ; but the ar
rangements of the parts are all wrong,
lacking cheapness, durability, and case
of handling. The skavcring knives
that formed a part of the machine, we
have laid aside as useless ; the guiding
apparatus, which was cumbersome and
leable to get out of order, has been
abandoned as unnecessary, and we
would strip the thing of all its expen
sive gearing, place the cultivators on
a solid frame, to run on cast rollers
like the sections of a common field
roller, say not over two feet in diame
ter. No farmer who cultivates eighty
acres should bo without a good cast
roller ; and ns these are made in sec
tions of a foot each, two of these
sections would make admirable puK
verizers to preceed the cultivators,
and thus lessen the cost of the imple
ment. What we want is cheap well
constructed implements. They mu3t,
in the first place, be simple in their
arrangement, not liable to get out of
order, and be made strong and durable
A large portion of our implements are
worthless from these defects. It 13
time that we had a change; in fact,
as the price of corn compels it, in
regard to cultivators, inventors and
makers will thank us for pointing out
the necessity of a chanrre in this re
spect. So far as we can learn, the
number of any particular form of the
two horse cultivators made, has been
limited, no one being willing to risk a
large amount on the experiment until
their practicability was more thorough
ly tested. This is now settled in their
favor, and wc will now see who will
get up the best and cheapest one.
One of our neighbors had an old wheat
cultivator made for the purpose of
putting in wncar,. u.ne wheels were
some twenty inches high, with an &p
paratus for lowering and raising the
teeth. It was made for two horses,
and contained seven teeth. He took
out the middle tooth, fastened a com
mon chair to the frame, on which he
rides, and drove it into tho corn field
at the rate of eight acres a day, doing
most excellent work. As a machine
for cultivating wheat, it was of little
valne, bat for its new application it
will rank among the first, for its adap
lability and strength. Illinois Farmer
door machinery much exposed to weather,'
and is imperrioui to water. After cz:s
mixing it with water and suffering1 it ta
haiden, it cannot again be dissolved, and
on plastering cisterns when fully dried, '
it is there for all time, and as hard as ad
amant. Now suppose we were to pre-'
pare a solution of thi3 cement in water
and give the ground end cf cur faace
posts several successive dippings, dryic'
after each dipping, to the depth we want
them to stand in the ground might i: sot
make seme if the less durable timber
more durable for pests equally so with,
the yellow locust or cedar? The cateri-'
al-s are cheap, aiid it costs nothing to try
it and had the idea occurred to me be
fore I was about finishing mine, I hh--lJ'
most undoubtedly have tried it. - :
One of the many remarkalle siV.'
on the Fourth, was Mr. Twining and Lis,
Queen bee. He carae into cur otficethe''
day before, with an uld plug hat. lie '
had cut two holes in it about midway cf'
the crown one ia front, the other ia th"d;
back part. Holding the hat in his Ltnd.'.
and turning it over to show that it 'was'
empty, he said "you see that this ha; is'-.
now empty. To-morrow I intend to have '
a warm of bees at work in it, ma'ii
honey, and I intend to wear it oa my head '
with the bees ia it!' Sure enough, c. '
the Fourth, as we were going cut i:.. '
the grove, we came across Mr. Twir.ir,;. :
He was located uuder a shady tree, a-!
was exhibiting to an admiring crowd 1 1"
men and women, his wonderful" paten
bee hive. On his head was the idendirj I .
hat that he had shown us the day before. .
It was literally covered all over with be?.
busy at work, going in and out at the two
orilices before mentioned. AH the spr'e
space in tne cat was tuiei with new cul;o,
that had been made wiihia twelve hour?.
In his hand he held the Queen bee, which :-
he was bhowing to every cne who wuul.l
venture near enough to gaze on and ad- ..
mire the wonderful little insect. Durbi;
all thi3 time he was giving an eloquent
and instructive lecture cn the hab it-, '
worth and care of lees After listen
for some time we left, feeling that what
Twining did not Know about bees was '
hardly worth knowing. Walash Gcz,
Weaning CoIt3-
As the lime for weanin? colu 13 at '
hand, some may be benefitted by a word
of caution. The first thing is to se that
the colt is in good health, and wean it Lv
degrees, or so as not to produce any great .
uneasiness ia either colt or dam. If tho
mare grows poor and iaout of condition, '
wean sooner, and rrive the colt a littlu
cow's milk twice a day, as the colt will
also grow poor if it sucks. If the mare
is fat, and full of milk, when the colt is
turned away, miik her often but not clear..
A little care at this time may prevent Ljr
from being poor ia the Spring. See the .
colt often. See that it does not scour, cr
become costive. Give it a raw egg twice
a week, and its coat will contiaae iiuooih
and soft. Keep in good growing condi
tion, without feeding dry grain'as that
is apt to cause it to be wormy, and ia bad
condition in the Spring. See if your
colt has lice on it when you wean it, alio
at tne commencement ot winter, keep
it clear of them or it will b9 poor. Cohs
that runout should be protected by siud
or have a roomy stable; they should b
well nalter-broke, but not tied in the sta
ble, as they are apt to become wind-suckers
by being tied, and no feed before
them. This is the time to break colts ;
let them know you are master; this is
the time they will form an attachment for
you. Let him know when he performs !
right; his habits are now forming. Keep
him pleasant, as you would always havo
him in your presence. Ohio Farmzr
Young queens do not usually make
their hymeneal excursions till the eighth
day after leaving their cells ; sometimes-.'
though seldom, on the fifth day ; ar.d
early ia the spring commonly cot till the
10th or 12th day. Very small queens,
or such as were bred in unusually small
celb, are still mord dilatory. Bit Jcrut.
Two natural swarms, hived oa the same
day, should not be placed near together
in the apiary; and the same rule should'
govern ia the disposal of newly isada
artificial colonies. Ik Journal.
Coating Fence Tosts With Cement.
Wm. Kenney.of Paris, Ky., makes the
following suggestions in the Country Gen
tleman :
A few evenings since, while engaged
in setting fence posts, I was revolving in
ray mind the many suggestions offered for
their preservation, and -while thus engag
ed an id ?a occurred to me. that I do not
recollect to have ever heard advanced,
and which I submit for your consideration
and use. Hydraulic cement has been
used for many purposes other than step
ping leaks and plastering cisterns. It
makes a hard and durable raint. mixed
1 :.v ex 1 ! . j 1 1 .
j Et?u ou, ior wooa v,Tr:c ana oui-
Large Beef Cattle. :-
Three head of very large leef cattle,
raised in Oregon, were brought into Port
land a few days before Christmas. Th
Oregon Farmer say3 cf them: "Their
respective weights were, 2,501, 2,4.62.
The two heaiestwere7 years eld, raised
by Mr. Greenbury Smith, cf Benton Co.
The other five years old, by Mr. Thomas
Cross, or Marion county. Mr. Crcs3 "
states that the steer raised by him was
procured, when a calf, from Mr. Jaiaes
Watscn, of Benton county, and that with
another year's growth could have been
made to weigh much heavier, as he had
been fed on gram but a short tin.e. Thcso .
beeves, when dresseu, and hang in the
stalls of the Empire Market, surrounded "
w ith other beef, pork, mutton, poultry. &.c.
made ihe finest display of meats we have ;
ever seen. Th proprietors informed us
that S15C0 would net be an over-estuuaty
of its value.
-
The Cora Crop of the United States la .
1S00 is estimated at nine hundred mil- !
lion3 of bushels, against six hundred mil
lions in lboO, and three huudrtd
seventy-seven, ir.illi:rv in 190,
'-4
t
