TliK'iD.rail'ISER,
rL-tUSTII Ii EVSKTT. IvI.. DAI" ST
FURNAS & LYANNA,
t fcrd f-uryStricJtler'a Block, Mala Street,
itnoTVsviLi.n, . t.
f rf?y.' Ignite er-4i,f (mili 2 CO
" " A " . 12 2 00
f I 00
2 CO
2 00
11 -r n ' will I fruul4 at 1 I-rr
-.! Bt cco3;nie iLe wier,
!
A
THE ADVERTISER,
t ; I J . rf" ft II
Ml Y
TVA.xr:a or ADViiiirwiz; a
yy Ay Ay Ay avm. Ay
"Free to Form anfl Reflate ALL their Domestic Institutions in Uiclr otth ttsj, sabject onlr to the Constitution of the TnltcJ States.
i t -ir(l liair ) i&f lit, -Xa;a
eii.uj3JlrtKa, .-
Ooe senate. es av?cta. - - - - - -tt
- Car 1 of it lui( jt Trar.
j oriij:u:n-a T r ,
) On-t:f C ia- oc yea.
; On fovr'.b C:Bit ob ft r.
Oetiii'i C -Uina J tit, - - . .
; )nf lapiai q. CM.
:nnOi:jOj!mituri'-'k1 . ... . .
' Ott f 't b C -i ono . r-ti.. . .
Out :iktk Coital i.l . . . .
' 'ne Cl Itir.e tnnataa. ......
U& ta'.f C l run tare . - - . .
, On fo-jrth Cc : -.Tnn ! hr nn(i, . . . .
i Oaeelthta Colemn three sr '&a, . . . .
j .javaaciB :,lIatif r Se (a !&,
t "
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I I
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11
9
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- I
VOL. V
BR OWN VILLE, NEBRASKA, THURSDAY, JULY 4, 1861.
NO.
1'USINS GAUDS.
"'"j'' - " " ----
Johnson & kchocnheit
ATTORNEYS AT LAW,
coUCITORSAK?.CIIANCi:Ry,
DR. D- GWIX,
Havin" permanently located in
BROWN VHU NEHKASKA,
K-r theprarti ,f M-iiHne .nJ Snrpcry, ten-
A ,S 110 LL AD AY, M
fnllrliir, MirRc-ry. Olislclrlcs,
-fc,.. fcT.tr.rtMnni.iil'hi.r..fi'..li.lorf'
"..ri whrri I! I ! , M..f r t 1 , :. t . pfM"" U'"""
;U i,J .n- oT.-et rnylruire.
rt. 25 I. T
r fw7fPT0F
. Attorney at Law,
nn o v x v i l l r. , x. t.
J. D. N. THOMPSON,
lustici! of the IVace and
kr. ("., ftl.t J....r U.tl ..t MiU C.' K Iru
Jjn.wriT.: Jn.f t,"':-
JOHN I CARSOII
33 a. INT 13 f ,
LAND .M) TAX Jm
Iv.jr ui Com. Lncurniil .Vomij, Land
U'.nrm fi. Dxchuuve. and Cold Dust
m i v s ri:i:i vi
! I wi'.'l c i f '!rntlin iiiiTln n1 PllinK rx-
' .m-" ' I'fim ti.ul rmot ff the rmtnl Siitm ami
I , ,,r SiUr, uitrurr nt Jiniilc HilU,
! !' I' l ln-tlni' lilrf'lf all ' 4''nl!c pxilitt,
I .1 .i..iU i.Mi.iiic1 i" clianc t riirrcnt rlf.
liij..r ii- riM-l i.ti ruririil account, ml iutrenl 1-
W oil MTI 14J (lPl !.
DFFICB,
nii sTi:rr. inn uxrx tiic
L.aml OdiccH.
. . ni:n:ni:xci:s:
i b4 Brr...r rtill vlo!i.liI, Ta.
i - i rixii K Co.,
!i rr. Jl i t'u. lUltifiiore, M,!.
.tint k 'rMii, ' . '
Th .ul'-.nM"n,C .!'r i'f Tort, " '
m T H L.tli-n. i:j.. Ujnkor, Wafblncton, D. C.
I T Hirtrm. I .0.. A 1 1 "v l J.; " "
J . R U.ill.ihrr, l.sJf 34 Aud. U. S.T.
I if tur kn :l, lUnkci ,
1 j(-.i!nit. Pve K c.,
1 .M Tli. inn' i. l'rtt,
2 iu. J o Cr'in,
f .1 .. Milf v. A' l L-.
5 i ll.imti.eloiiAll'y l Lw,
riiirjcn, t!l.
ft. IjouI. Mo.
AnuspolU, Aid.
11 ji-Trtuwn, MJ.
EnMon, Ml.
Cimiliorlaiiil, Md
M.ivaun, AUtiin.
Ki.v s. isr,.vtr.
i ,1AM LIS H. UKDFOHD -
; ATTORNEY AT LAW,
AND
: MasUT CommlsNiouer In Chancery.
-EROWKVILLE, N. T.
PEASE &. FOWLER,
BLACKSMITHS,
Wntov Btrcot,
r.ROWNMLLK. NKIUtAsKA.
Hiv, re pntl.T iratf'1'ln tfcl r'r' " ' r
; i :n i.itri-tiaep. Ttieir v.otk n I irlccii cann.t fjil
all rounJ with new hlnxM.
De-. 3 J; 3m
IR.OKT.
I. A. ' O X S T A It Ij K ,
IMrokTKR AI UKALLR 1 71
IRON, STEEL, NAILS,
aSriNliS, SIMUXl.S, AXLES, FILES
Air
5L . ACKSMITH'S TOOLS
A1m: Units, Spt.kcs. :r.l Tont Stuff.
T'iir.1 St rnt , I'l pcu IVlli ami EIiiH'U1.
S.MXT JOSKPIJ. MO.
w'lin t Jif pl la at St . I..H11 i t fr c.
' llmhxt Pri."! l'nid for Scrap Iron.
!y en. I m I , l-.'ij . v
HKES' PEAK GOLD!
' i 1 1','oivp Tiko'n Prak-Gold. au.l olvanre
nrviiKti itif k,me ,) ver ijJ.tic of prm-oiHla
" vi. V:t i ft u.-n are ti.d. lt all raTs. 1
" i .h i Kited rrtui-pa or tb luitel sttenMiu',
I JN'O. L .. CARSON.
fclLLlOX AM) KXCH AXCE CROKEU
EKOIVNV1LLE, NEBRASKA.
T. M. TALBOTT,
DENTAL SURGEON",
;l4T,ni l-ttp. liimspir in Ur. w nvi'.lp. N. T.,tf a
' ! r r.'si,.uJ -rvioei to thccoinmunity.
rrntc,l.
ll'X'ks. Watches & Jewelrv.
J. SCH1TTZ
WonM va.nrirrtn thr Uir.pna of Br jwnritlf
"V1 vUtn"T ,hl located bimsplf in
a'jroTir.lp. andintui-: krp viMt full asaort.
prprrihms ti tr. hnpof LusmpK, wticb ill
for cah. 11 al.otlo all Kind of rt
( at f clock, watclioabdjewflrj. Allw.rkar.
v3nSlr
Uum mi
A M
!' BIUDERY,
? CiNCIL BLUFFS. IOWA.
i4Zl?. ls;o. .
? f
ft
FAIRBANKS'
ET AND AUD
'SCALES
I rjRBMlKS & GREENLEAFj
j of Idala &.V''alnut brs. at. Louis.
CHARTER OAK
Life Insurance Company,
Hartford, Conn.
Incorporated ly ihe Slale of ConnHiicut.
Capital Stock $'200,000.
Withlarj5,ftn-J twrcif irjsarp'uf rcti.t.,iear
It Invi ftcl Liidf-r tti e -anction and apjrtval cf the
i-trolicrtf I'ulHc AccocLtf.
ori-'ICKIW AND DTUECTOnS:
JAMJ'.SC. WAT.K',ET, J'rc.Jf nt.
JOHN I.. CNCK, Vi-ro I'raident.
KI.US (IMA.. S eretary.
V.. li.DICKtKMAN.OenerfclAspnt.
DIilECTOnS:
Aifrpi r;:u. i)at,i.ir:.;ri: , j..i.nL
. lipatoti, '1'ib a 1 1 p . r f
Jani'.-C. U'a'.kli-y.
S. H. !5-rr .nl. M I. C.n-altin? I'hyMcian.
A. S. II.1!:k!hj,M ), M-!ip:I Kx-itnliKr.
A jipIioinioTi 'received bj K. W.H'UN'AS. Ae't.
nS-tl l!ro nvil'e, N.T.
Johns & Crosley,
tOLV. MAM K'TI'llE I!H OK Til E lMPHOTED
(;ita se:i:ccia
CEMENT ROOFING,
h thi Cheapest and mod durable Roofing
in vsr.
it is fire ixn iter proof
It r.m ! c aj :'i.' ! t r.pw and old p"fi (f all kiM, and
to .hi iif r.i.f -i'.li nt tprn vin? tlip nt: met a.
Tlicc ost Is only oiiofliirt! r Tin,
, aurl Istvfci as (!(irali!c.
Gutta Pcrclia Cement
F'ir pr Ppr vii.e and rf. tn itiz I hi atrl t l:ir tnPf a' ro (1
nt evpr ji ic.tri;.lin, Iriin lis C'Pit tlii.-ti'Mty U Slot ln
jin ! t.y tl.e c.utraiU 'ii and ft'j!i-ii ii of luciali, and
Will not crack in cold or Run in varm
weather.
T!ipp tnatprlal !i,ivp Iippii lliorov.sthlr tc-tpd in Kpw
Turk and all prt i f the S.iiitl.prn and W-irm r.tjrps,
and ( call line abundant pruuf of all we claim 11 their
favor
Tliry are rradily a;;)Iicd by cudlmry laborer, at trifl
lnsrx.PMp. "NO I IK AT IS I1KQUIRKD.'
Thrac materials are put vp riady for
me and for Shipping to all parts cf the
Country, with full printed directions- for
application.
Frill descriptive circulars v:ill he fur
nished on application ly mail, or in per
son, at our principal cfRce,
510, BROADWAY,
(OtipoMte St. Ni. l.ol ll .tcl ) NEW- YORK.
JOHNS & CROSLKY.
Fpb.2S. ISfil. AGENTS WANTED. 6 rno;
sKsmOAsiaMs.
BROW N VI L L E
T --3a
y v f i in
2 IfjT
MRS. HE WET T,
MAIN STREET,
IIIlOlVXyiMaE, !VKRRASrtA.
Annonnrp to the liuie of Erownvi'i'iO and Trinity
tbat the hs Juat received her
SPUING STOCK
MILLINERY GOODS,
To which Mie c.ill pr(icnlr attPMion. TTPr poods
are of the rery late-it aty le aud are oflered at unumally
low prices.
April 4, 1SG0.
New bhoe bhop.
W. G-3.L3Xr3?,
KROWXVILLE, XFBRJS1U,
Ee-recl'iil'T Inf irm the citiicns of tt i pl.ire and
Ticinity tint lip ti.-is c.'ninipn.w 1 ile nvmr.f ict(.' y f
H,...ts and l..s in llr wn i!le, nrd h -pt l y attention
andcjret. liioril a t-!i.trO of pr.h.ic pitr.'Hn;p. II.
t. k all f the lft tiualny. .i"l In w. it ail war
rintpd Ik ,-f!ive i i-rt'i ion or no p.iy."
AllMlos"of w,.rk. from a N . 1. fliip e t kin t Kd.
to a o ar biopan, an 1 al price t.o Ijw that i.m; cau
cot'ipl.tin.
(Jne tne a c.iil at my hp. on Tint ttreet, bet ween
H mn and 'A'atcr.
ltrownville. Mty 9. IPf. I lr
4
Takes pleasure in announcing to the citizens of Crownville and vicinity, that he has
jus: opened a nev L1VKRY STABLK, where he will always bo
ready to furnish gentlemen with
apexes.! Horses, Buggies,
Oirrisos, o"to-, etc.
CHARGES REASONABLE.
JOHN A. SHALL.
Brownville, June 19th, 1SG1.
(n-50-ly)
c
JoV.n (i.-irnrtt, liii.-tni K-iriii!!, ii ul .liuiie 1.
r.'undfti. ( the l.ulcr, l. si :i lecd-tii in in tli cm
j l.iv f M i--rs Landrtth A, S. n ; li.ivj uuiud under
the firm of
JOHN GARHETT & CO,
n)it the pnosEcuTiox or the
Agricultural Implement
AND
SEED BUSINESS,
They will eontanMv Ueop on hand a full fiippty of
Landrith's Warranted Garden .Vtc's,
!l fre.-h, and tif the last year' prowth.
Ti lo oHt lined at the old h"Uj at l'iiil:idc!lii.i.
and wiiKMiiuue tlicir fiiU-? if (I.irden Si;cd-i Piola
tivlo thtxp. Thoy will keep a very l.ir'j sU'ekof
1U Implements and JLtchiucry in Use,
FMEKAC1N.1 THE LEAMV! AliTICLKS IS THK
TU.PK, OF TI1K BEST M kMTACTfKE.
They a.iliit the r uiiiiiued custom of their friend,
and of all thirso w!k h.ive dealt at th J branch 1 ou :
of LantheTH A ov, at St. Louis. Our irice idiall
Ik rery low. in aeeo. dm -e with the tiiue, anl we
hone to Mtisfy all who call on u, as to the superior
quality of our stock, and the j rices.
Oar Ttrmtarr awl p riff $ to eorrrrpond.
JOHN GAULS ETT CO.,
T2ni ST. LOUIS, XO.
NSWSTOCK
GENTLEMEN'S WEAR
JACOB MAROHN,
MERCHANT TAILOR.
nuoiv.wiLLi:, m:iii:isk i,
Has just returned from St. Louia withaa entire
new stock of
LATEST STYLES
Of Good for Gentlemen's wear, which he will
make to order at short notice, and in a manner ho
warrant to I f-ati.-faetery.
His stock consists in part of l,!ck, coh.red and
mixed cloths: Hack, colored and mixed de?kin$;
Mack, colored, taney and mixed Ca.sirucrs: f.ne
Kentucky J ear)?. Checks, Cvttonadps, Linens, dril
lings, ducks, Satins, Votings, Braid, ltattons, oords
Ac. lie returns his thanks o the pcntlem'-n if this
place and Ticinity for their ra-t liberal r-atruaa je,
and respectfully invites thcin to call and examine
his new stock. Ho feels confident that in thj fu
ture as in the past, be will be able to giTe eat ir sat
isfaction. Urownviile, March SI, lOA.-ly
HELVIJI MILLS.
NEMAHA CITY, XEBRSKA.
Cnsli for "V7"liofvt.
The put.ac areii.ioriiu ihat at iienisi a JliU that
SOto 90 rent cash is beiri!: paid fjr p.J roeichjr table
wheat. Aim wheat ajj corn ground for toll a usual.
No-25,1665. 4-U. MELVl.N.
FEED YOUMSEL VES !
New Eating Saloon.
BENJ. WEYTE,
lias r pened a new Eating IIoufo on Main street,
next d jor to the U. S. Land Office, in Lrownville,
where
warm 3Toa13
CAN EE HAD
AT ALL HOURS.
All kinds of game serrcJ up as desired, at the
shortest notice.
Oysters, Quails, Prairie Chickens,
I'i.h, Venison, Pies, Cakes, Hot
Coifee. Sweet and Butter
Milk, Mush and Milk,
and all Mich.
Como axxcI Qoo IVTo ! !
r..l. i. Irtt'il. toil
CITYLIVBRYSTABLB
BUOWNVILLK, NEBRASKA.
ROGERS & BROTHER,
AXXOrXCKS to the public that he has pnrchased the
I.ivery Stable an! Stock fornieriy ownel by William
K isscil at:l aMp.1 thereto tine atock, end is now prepar
ed to accvmmKlale the publrc w ilb
Cani.igcs,
Buggies,
Sulkies,
Saddles Horses
&c. kc.
THE TRAVELUNG PUBLIC
Can tnd at his Stable ample accoramoOaticns for
horse, mules or cattle.
BENJAMIN' & JOSTirA E.0GEE3.
BrownriHe, Oct. IS, 1S60. nl5-y ly
1859. 1859.
inwiniL & st. Joscru n. r.
EE
rri i j
FALL AKIU.NGFXEXTS.
Morntnc Train leave St. Joseph at - - t:09
ETpninc Train leares !o tfo - 6:0
St. Joseph la reached by the Westers State Line.
Pasentor savetime nnJ iireone ttaginK by thlsroute.
Uailr crnections mie at Hii:il-al wita al!atern
fuidSonttiPrn RallroaJ andPackfts.
J T 1) Haywood, Sup't., Hannibal.
D C Sawik, General Assent, St. Joe
P B Groat, G. Ticket Agent, HanTal
Theo. Hill, G. T. Ag't, Brownville
Kovptier 51, 15!".
Ncu)0uppliiaf Stauc
I haTe just reecired a new supply cf
COOK STOVES
Of tho latest and mvt improTed patterns, whirh I
propofe to fell at such prices as cannot be complain
ed off. The public are initpi to call and examinp.
As usual my stock of Tin, Sheet Iron and Copjcr
Ware is large and of my own Eiacufeture.
J.C.DUESETi.
April 11, 1351. BlOjly
m. m am. ct m. VMcaa a -m-m -y w m
KEW
PROViSSO STORE.
AKD
DRY GOODS HOUSE.
2NTo. 11, IVTo-iix otroot,
BEOWNVILLE, N. T.
J. IBESSMY & Co
nave Just completed their new business house on
Main Street, near the U.S. Land Office, in BrownTille
vThere they have opened out aud areuQVring on the most
favoraMp ternm.
Dry Goods, Provisions,
FLOUR, CONFECTIONARIES, '
(,KCCM DRICD FRl'IT8,v
Choice Liquors, Cigars,
And a "thousand and one," other things eyprybody
needs.
CALL AND EXAMINE OUR STOCK
nrr.wnvilie. April S6. ly
THOMAS DAVIS,
ECLECTIC PHYSICIAN
SXJR O E O iNT ,
TABLE ROCK, NEBRASKA.
Kofrrence, Dr. I. Gwin, lirownrille.
April II, T,I. nl)-Iy
Furniture Manufactory.
The Undersigned having opened a tliop
at the
BROWNVILLE STEAM MILL,
Are prepared to CP H kinds of
CADIKBT WORK.
To order, at short notice. We will manufacture
BUREAUS SAFES
DESKS TABLES
STANDS LOUNGES
CRIB CRADLES
ROCKING OFFICE
CHAIRS CHAIRS
WINDOW LOUNGES
CHAIRS &c. &c.
Te are alo prepared to fnrniJb Coffins with the nt
moot di patch. We have on band, well seasoned Black
Walnut lumber for that purpose. We have the facili
ties of maklnt furniture as cheap as It can be famish!
In this country, when durability is taken into the ac
count, as we warrant all of our work.
We solicit the patronage of the community.
We will take In exchange for furniture all kinds of
farm pr!rce. Tte hifhest price for butter, ejss,
and lard will be paid the emire hot season.
CHAMBERS 4. NOTES.
BrowoTille, May 30, ly.
REAL ESTATE
A 2C I
Collection Office
o r
BROWNVILLE, NEBRASKA.
.Vdt.t, Between Letzt and First Streets.
Particular allrnllou p:Ivrn 10 the
X'urc liasc and Sale of Ileal
I.stafe. .ilnkliisT Col
Icrllcns and
Payment of Tuxes for .on-ftesl-dcnt.i.
LAND AliRANTS i OK .SALE, r b and on
I '"lad 7A..AX7. r.orAtFrf..r.pmran-
I itolifts,on l.is N .c'.v'ci fr. ra pvr..aaB cTiiriirrjttnn, j
! anl aeornpl.tf Twr'ij' p''Wiii' Stream,
TnnUr, Ac forward. d w.U laa tcruttite tl loc- j
tion. J
trcwnnl.y. T.Jan. 3, 13-51. rl j
Trxtt the American DoJcurnal.j
Sunnier 3Iana?cracnt of Decs-
June usually furnishes the Bees with
most amf'ie supplies cf honey, end if the
weather proves favorable to their laber5.
and the colonies are strong and healthy,
the hives will be rapidly replenished with
stores. Early in the month the T.hite
clover, the linden, and the locust trees
come into blossom, and various other cul
tivated plants, as well as wild flowers,
yield seemingly inexhaustible supplies.
The days are 1 )nj, the nights are warm,
and the active little laborers are thus in
cited to untiring exertion. In most dis
tricts swarming now begins, and those
now issuing are frequently more valua
ble even than those obtained ia May, be
ing stronger, and coming when pasturage
is more abundant.
The unremitting attention of the bee
keeper is now demanded. If his bees
are in common hives, and the stocks are
populous, they will want watching daily,
from about nine o'clock in the morning
tiil three in the afternoon, unless he con
cludes to drive out a swarm from each
that is in a suitable condition for such
an operation thus saving time, avoiding
protracted anxiety, and obviating risk cf
los3 from the escape of swarms. Hives
for the accommodation of young stocks
should be previously provided, and every
needful arrangement made in advance
for the prompt and proper disposal of
natural or artificial swarms. All this is
the more important when the apiarian
has in charge a large number of stocks,
in good condition, and many of which
are likely to be ready lb smarm at near
ly the same time.
Driving should be rarely undertaken
until the colonies are strong, and the bees
cluster out over night, bnt when that is
the case it may be resorted to with deci
ded advantage. It may now also be usu
ally adopted in the case of colonies in
in common hives which have much old
comb or an old queen. A young and
fertile queen should be substituted for
the old one in the driven swarm; and in
about three weeks, when all the brood
in the old hiue has emerged, the unser
viceable combs in" it may be removed,
and the workers allowed to construct new
in its stead. . Should the season, howev
er, be unfavorable, they will be greatly
assisted if a supply of empty combs can
be given to them & intervals.
Dividing stocks, and thus forming ar
tificial colonies, can be conveniently prac
ticed orly where moveable-comb hives
are employed. It is a highly interesting
mode of multiplying stock ; and. apart
from its practical utility, affords the api
arian the best possible opportunity to ap
ply and increase his theoretical knowl
edge. Reading and study will not alone
suffice: experience and experiment are
needed in addition, to make him a skill
ful and successful operator, and inspire
him with confidence in his own resources.
Many persons regard the division of
a colony as so formidable an undertak
ing, that they engage in it with reluc
tance at first, even when convinced of
the advantage attending or resulting from
it. And not a lew, alter placing swarms
in moveable-comb hives, never venture
to use the means thus at command for
improving their bee culture. The old-
fashioned gums are the best invention
which such bep-keepers could use, and
they should never think of using any
other on their premises. To be of ser
vice, the moveable-comb hive must be
used inteligently as such as the efficient
means of practically executing what sci
ence and theory teach, and season or oc
casion requires.
But there is great danger also that
this business of divicing may be over
done by new beginneys who have just
learned to operate with facility and con
fidence. The ease with which colonies
may be thus multiplied, leads them into
temptation; and they goon dividing and
subdividing, in season and out of season,
till in tne end they have neither quotient
nor remainder left. These act on the
other extreme; but if they had good
sense enough to perceive that the fault is
in themselves, and not in the system they
will speedily be cured of this propensi
ty to grow rich too fast, and in future
with moderate and seasonable, and there
fore ceftain increase. Beginners should
ever bear in mind that they are still lear
ers, and must calculate on having to pay
a tuition fee, in some form or other, be
fore they secure a diploma.
If the weather continues fine and pas
turage abundant, so that the bees can
gather honey abundantly, they may soon
be in want of storage room, and access to
tome cf the surplus honey boxes should
be given, even though there be still some
vacant space in the brooding apartment
of the hire. Eees are at such times dis
posed to take possession of surplus boxes
than at a later period, when, from di
minished supplies, their ardor is ?on:e
what abated.
The later m the season a swarm is
sres, or an artificial colony is rrrade, the
stronger it should be, or the more it
should be aided, to get it in a condition
to piss the ensuing winter more safely.
If a full supply cf well-preserved empty
combs can be given to such, it will save
much labor, and enable it to reserve for f
future use the honey it may still be able
lo g.tther. Com! s in whhh brood ban!
been reared, may at '.irnes b procured
trornr M colonies, end is preferable t
new for the use cf f tte swarms or made i
colonies, because it retain heat better, j
and thus tecilitates successful wintering.
Feeding young swarms for some thie
after hiving th?int is al;o beneficiil ; but
especially so in seasons when pasturage
is less abundant than usual, or the weath
er uncommonly dry. It incites them to
prosecute comb-building vigorously, so
as to make c.'ficient progress in the work
before the daily reduction of their num
bers causes them to rtlax their labor
and devolve tire task on the new brood cf
workers, which will probable emerge too
late to render much service. Th! honey
offered on such, occasions should be great
ly diluted, in order to encourage them
to the utmost ia comb-building, and to
keep them engaged at it till their hivn
is adequately furnished. They should
likewise be induced rather to build but a
small number cf full-length c?tnts, than
many stout ones, as tho latter are ill
adapted, in any way, to constitute the
wiuter-quarters of the colony.
Hay .Making.
Tc make good hay is quite as n?ch an
art as to make good butter. It it not too
much to say, that two-thirds of the hay
which is sent to market either in bales or
in wagons, is not of the first quality. As,
however, the ditTerence between first and
second class hay is" not generally under
stood by the consumer, the price varies
but letter between tho one nnd the other.
Yet it cannot be denbted, that ono ton of
hay properly harvested and properly cured
contains an amount cf nutriment cual to
a ton and a half of hay cut at the wrong
season, or subjected to deterioration by
improper management. We will take
that favorate hay, "Timothy," as an il
lustration, and we beg leave to say that
our remarks upon Timothy will apply to
all the other grasses. Timothy, when
brought to market, frequently varies from
a light straw color to a dark fawn. In
this condition, it is evident that a portion
of it3 nutritious qualities have been lost.
The proper time for cutting hay, as re
pealed experiments have proved, is at that
period when the sugar and soluble matter
contained in the stem and blade has reach
ed the slage when, by the next process,
it would be converted into fibre. Now
(he period when the saccharine juices are
most abundant, "is when the grass is in
full bloom, and before the seed is formed.
If cut at that time, tho whole of the nutri
tive properties of the grass will be re
tained ; if left until later, two results will
ensue the maturing of the seed will
materially exhaust tho land upon which
it is grown, whilst the nutriment furnished
by the seed will not compensate for the
loss of nutriment in th stem and blade.
In point cf acreable product, also, there
is a manifest difference the greatest
weight of grass and the largest amount
of nutriment being furnished by the plant
when in flower. That we are not exag
gerating the importance of a due regard
being paid to cutting hay at the proper
season will be readily understood when
we state tbat the best authorities agree
in this 44 that plants cf nearly all sorts
if cut when in full vigor which 13 at
their flowering and afterwards carefully
dried, without any waste of their nutri
tive juices, contain nearly double' the
quantity cf nutritive matter which they
do when allowed to attain their full
growth and make some progress towards
decay."
This fact being established, the next
points requiring explanation are, what
constitutes the philosophy cf hay making,
and what process is most in conformity
with it. First, then, as to the philosophy
of haymaking. It is thus explained:
" Experiments show tat out cf the
various constituents cf which grass is
composed, the mucilage, starch, gluten,
starch and sugar, which are soluble in
water, are alone retained in the bedy cf
an animal for the purpose of life, that
bitter extractive and saline matters being
considered as assisting or modifying the
functions of digestions rather than as
being truly nutritive parts of the compound
and being voided with the woody fibre.
The woody fibre, terves only to give bulk
to the food, and therefore distension to the
stomach, which, when moderately filled,
brings thoe mucles into active exercise
which tend so much to promote healthy
digestion, by keeping the food ia constant
motion."
"The principal object, then, which ij to
be aimed at in Lay making, is to retain
the soluble portion cf the grass ia perfect
integrity."
How is that to be accomplished ? We
give -the moilus operandi as briefly as T3
consistent with clearness cf statement.
The mowers should be good workmen;
the scyihes of good quality, and kept per
fectly sharp. The grass thould be cut
evenly and as near to the ground as poss
ible an inch saved below is equivalent to
ttto inches above and, moreover, this
close cutting facilitates the growth cf the
after math. As soon as the dew is eff,
the grass in swath should be shaken up
and loosened to let the air penetrate
throagh it if heavy, it should be spread
around to some distance. As soon as the
sun acquires power, the swath shcnld be
again shaken up and turned over, the ob
ject being to prevent its becoming bleach- j
ed ty the heat cf the tun, by retaining
its colour even when dry enough to rake
up into winnows, arid thence into cocks
the proper Ccluur cf well cured hay t ving
a light t-a gr. f n This process should 1 e
fuilowt'd i p day cft'rr d.iy, ii.ti! thewhoi"
crop has I c-t-n cut and secured. Each
day, howt-vrr. ti.e bey thrown into cock 1
th r!:ty pr c Ji: g. -:...!.?. v the wath-r
continues liu?, b: thrown t pea and lightly :
spread to hasten the drying, and towards '
! evenirg may be pr.t iato cccks fln ur.t.l
it is hauled to the stack cr tarn, t. her it
is to be permanently secured. The tarher
this is done after thn moisture has Irca
evaporated the letter the hay will lo, snJ
tho mere certain it i to retain us f.nn
Ii;ht green colour. Ths following
arj essential :
The newly cut hay most be preserved
from tho damaging effects cf dew ar.i
rain.
If rain falls upon grass newly cut, tha
swaths should cot bo disturbed ur.i;l fair
weather sets in.
No . . r me Jdlo with hay cither ia s wath
cr in cock, during moist, cloudy weather,1
cr when a storm ii impending.
When sunshine rt appari, shake cut
the hay to dry as quickly a politic, and
cs socn as it is dry, threw it into winnows
or cocks. Shake them cut for an hour
cr two the next morning, and then haul
all that is cured to tho rlaco where it is
to be stacked or deposited.
Caponlzln:; Fouls.
In response to the inquiry of a ccrres
pcrident, we give the fiaaing from iho
Country Gentleman.
The operation of simp!?, and may to
performed ty any cno accustomed, to the
use of a needle and thread end scissors.
The chicken shcnld to fall four months
old, indeed should bo just commencing to
crow. Now placo hiia acruis the kure,
with the legs pulled forward and fin:. ly
held by an assistant. Fl ick eff the n ft
fine feathers between the enl o! th
breast bone and fun-'amrnt, and midway
aetween these two points make an incision
an inch and a half long, crobS-wijo of ih
chicken's body, wilh a sharp pair of ten
sors. Through this incisicrr insert t!i?s
fore finger to tho back-bone, along whi--h
move for an inch and a hl,ar.d on eliii?r
side will be found a testicle. DtiIoi'g
them by a sirglo twist, and withdraw ty
the route the finger went in. Draw ih
edges of the wound made together, m.il
half a dozea stitches with waxed thrd
complete the operation. The nail cf th
linger must be smooth, so as nottodauiarj
the intestines.
Rhubarb Sjrup.
The aperient qualities cf gracn rhu
barb, anl its conducivenea to health, be
ing now so well known, rts ruefulness do-j
not admit of a doult ; tut allow me tt
remark it is lest used in the form of
syrup, eaten with " plain bread," as aru
all cooked fruits ; and not with pastry,
especially by invalid persons who lave
bilious constitutions. I'astry is like
strong drinks ; it only serves to indulge
the appetite, rather than to impart to it
any real good, causing secretions in tho
stomach beyond their natural order. T
make rhubarb fyrup i3 simply to cut it
into small pieces, simmer it over a !w
fire one hour, with a very little water ;
cr it may le baked in jar, then strain it
and add sugar to the palate. When it h
young it i, like apples, uncccrsary to bi
peeled. If sweetened with the best of
sugars (loaf is best,) it will, if prcsem 1
air tiht, acd set in a cool flare, ke-j
good fur many month?, and will be fu.ml
to pleajaut aud fef:csbi;:g at all tim;.
and seasons. A. Hardt in Garder.ert
Chronicle, London.
Drjlns Rhubarb.
Rhubarb dries very well, and when
well prepared, will keep for an indefinite
penod. The stalks shoold be broken off
while they are cri?p and tender, ar-d cat
into pieces about an inch in length. These
pieces should then be ttrur.g on a thin
twine, and hung up to dry. Rhubarb
shrinks very much in drying mere to
than any plant I am acquainted wiih, and.
strongly resembling pieces cf soft wood.
When wanted for use, it should be scaked
in water over eight, and the next day sim
mered over a slow fire. None of lis pro
perties appear to be lost in drying, and
it is equally as good in winter as any
dried fruit. Very few varieties cf rha
barb are em'table for drying, as nest cf
thera contain too much weedy fibre. The
best rariety of rhabarb for any purpose
is the Victoria, when grown in a suitaUa
situation. The Mammoth is worthies,
cwing to its fibrous nature, ns are aho
some other kinds." Prairie Farmr.
Apple Seeds Grow First Year, c
Ecs. Paxsi Fa&xe: Apple at
well as pear seeds will remain in tha
ground a year after having teen prepared
by soaking in the usual manner; seeds
soaked and in very respect in fine condi
tion for growing will, for some catue un
known, fail to germinate the first season,
though in every respect similar to that
which grows "right along." I find it is
not necessary that seed be frozen before
sowing if well scakei in sand to bring
them lack to their origin al state cf plump
cess when taken frcrn the fruit. Twehe
bushels thas managed the present season
are sprouting finely. And several pounds
of pear seed, sown by Chandler & Robins,
in nsrsery adjoining, hit season, failed
to grow but very few stocks ; but now
(saw them the 11th) are coming up very
finely, and the prospect is they will grow
ofl.000 pear stooks this seasonfrom seeds
sovrn more than a year since.
O. S. WILLI3V.
Co od Yeast.
Doilcne pound good fi.jur, a quarter ef
a pound cf moist sugar, an J half an cz.
of salt in two gallons cf water, fcr an
hour. When nearly cold bottle ard ccrk
it cbisc-ly. It will te fit for use in twenty
four hours, acd one pint will n.ake eigh
teen pounds cf tread.
