THE ADVERTISER,
FUKNAS & LYANNA,
, ccryStrictler'dElock. tlaia Street,
imoir.vrii-ix, x.
. 2 00
60
00
- :!. I . i,,m.UiI at 1 F,0 t,r
11 or mire " ' ..-.- - -
C'-'-' t -el tie caih accompanies tte order, tot
.... tf Pii-lin -lar;re, - - $'
l3TtfrV. if tia.Jaiibesfld 06 months S
. " ' .. " . 12 "
X' ! I! M
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THE ADVERTISER,
nATEH or ADVi;ui"i3i:
ae nitre (to '.isesartesiatt it'.-,
ttaci 44i.:Ku!.art;a, ------
Ue (oi:f. ens ti a'-a. - -
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D3( C. :o:-,a fa ,
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finrti rilrsma or. t"'. - - -
Osec Cotn ta " year, -
Osfoi aun t aKC'.i . -Ojc
tVlniua mca'.h. - - - -
Out fourth C!ma '. tru-MM, .
03i:UliCjlannfc i.:!., - - - -
Oat three r.; u'.ia.
Due hlX 0 O raa ttree ra. n-.hi, - - -
Uat f urth C:lsDa ttrte cut :1m,
Oaeeusta C'iu;n taree m r..a, - - -.aawauciaj
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BEOWNVILLE, NEBRASKA, THURSDAY, JUNE 13, 1861.
NO. 49.
rrSlNKSS CARDS
. . r. W
r Unison &' Scliocnhcit
ATTORNEYS AT LAW,
0I lCITdllSAJN CHANCERY,
TD. GW1N,
Itvin" nrmnr,tntly located in
nr.Vm'vi7J.K, N HUH ASK A,
A. ICIfOLWHtlT
1 , f I"
J. V.
tlv-.-- '
. " '
i . ,- ' ! -
n..23v3
UOLLXDXW M D.
,,. fr:- i I- in P.-.'Wrivine nl
, it lit. ii 'C-.i n" fi prjcu-e of
.! it:
'I !
.15
I'lt'J to li' hi . In
, , ,' .r ? i" ln-'it A irc-CI lytloll
I) :i r t C'i!J Uruii Sluft.
1
CUARTEIt OAK
Life Insurance Company,
Hartford, Conn.
Incorporated ly the Slate of Connuticvt.
Capital Stock $200,000.
With rx; art'l i nrrea-ing urlui' receipt jteure
It inTe:ed uri(-r the ancti,u and ajprwi.i vf tht
Comptrol'ti oi Tullic Account.
orricnm? axd directors:
JAMKSO. VAI.KU-:V. rre.ident,
.10!f fi. Vil'A:, V.ce IVciideat.
i:. D.DlUJvUtMAN.Uoaeral Agent.
DIilECTOIlS:
Alfred r; in, )anif:l l'ii'!:i , John L.r.ancc,
It. !'.!.. lpf, .T. A.HuM' r, K. D. Hi ko man
X.Wlitaton, Saiii.Ci.it. Ntlion iLjUiiter,
1859. 1859.
IXAXMIML & ST. JOSEPH It. It.
FALL ARKANGEA1KSTS.
Morr.InjTraln t St. Joieph at - 00
Kveninix Train leare Co J - - 6 40
St. J.srpbl rach.J by the Wetern Start Line.
P-etiTr tavctiuie and ttrtoDe la;ic by thl route.
Dailv cnnectjin made at Iltnnibal with all'Kjstern
rum .'ntriern Raiiroa-Ji an.iFacketa.
J TD Haywood, Sup't., Hannibal.
D C Sawijt, General Agent, St. Joe
P 13 Groat, G. Ticket Agent, Han'bal
Tueo. Hill, G. T. Ag't, Brownville
Kover:il.r 24. .
REAL ESTATE
A 5 U
Collection Office
o r
JauicC. WalkJey.
LAV. TIPTON
Atroriicv at Law,
til o n .r v I L L i:
.V. 7.
j. D. N. THOMPSON
JusAir-1 of tliu Peace
and
1. '
li . .-1
J. me 2Ut, f.).
JOHIT L CARSON
. i r o I. ii' 1
'ii c Cart-mi.
L.VND AND "I'AX. l'AVING
',-ur i'i ('w.i, l.ix.uiru t .Vonnj, Land
U'airui h. i:.ir!,nif.'r, ami (lolJ Dli
M STISl-'.KT.
I'Jci.tiwii tutmjrlng an-1 sellinc ex-
.f I'.p t'liiifl Slate aii'l
K-ir., .-.
art
I mi cive ei ll
. .. i I ..I .1.. I A i I
fiat..' .- . , ... .....
(..Mr.. tu.i'le mi 'l a. rcdl.'e ..iints,
u rft'niiHM lu i-xi-lMi.ce t cmr-tit tatf.
. ' ..... ...... ....I ii.1i.rf.t
In .....: ri' .'ivi"l on ruitru. j""-,
Jffei ou i.c-il U' 1(3"
mai sTitr.trr. m;rWrx tiik
TJ'lt'Brsipli ,l! ,,IC L s
Isanti OttlrcH.
B.
II. n?rer.rJ. M I, Connltir?Phyician.
A. S. II .'.l i l iy, M It, Meilical h summer.
A p;.!iciiiorit recti veil lj ll. W. V l'IiNA. Ap't.
rjS-U Urowuville. T.
RET E II E .V C E S:
Linil A Brolder
j . w, cfi".i at Co.,
Ilin r. Ii' k A Cu.
Touna fc. Ca"'
Je i Tli.'ini' 'i M '"",n. c ,rr "f r'jr,
, t Smitli.- ii. K-'l" ll.uiker,
j t hifve.i. K . AM'y ul I.w,
Jn... I. Lili'T, ..ate 3J Aud. U. S.T.
T.tl..r k.ti-:l'. lJi'ke',
MK li' ' .i"l 'e r"v
II. ilk. Tn.'ina Vrjlt,
H..ir J ' t'arM.n.
P H Miiia . i. K - , I're't S. Cin,
( ,;. ,r.. S. lilf y. A'v at Law.
f.,i r. . mi lUmtirtmi Atfy at Law,
J mJ.r 1 !. . Feiry,.
Prv.1. II. lulllcr,
Iialtimore, aid.
Wasbington, D. C.
Cl.lrapo, Til.
St. Iitns, M..
A t)tMM.Ii, Alii.
Mem'rl'urc la
II a.' or tow II, Md.
' Eoston, Md.
Ctitul.crUtid, M
ll.ivatM, Al.ii tiia.
S ,v H. is,)-if .
Johns & Crosley,
rOLC ilAXt K M Tt KKK.H OK TUB lMpttOTED
(.i rt ci:uc:ci4
CEMENT ROOFING,
h the C'iCay ci and most duratle Roofing
in use.
IT IS FIREJ.YD WATER PROOF
It cjtn r.e applied t tiew and did rtifa of al I linds, and
tn ln r..e r..fR without removing 1 1i aliinglea.
TIiccoKt Inonly onc-llilrd of Tin,
and is tulec hh durable.
Gatta Pcrcha Cement
For preservitic and rcriirinif tin und nil.rr moral ro ofs
r f evrrp ccriptinii, Irmn it ftrel elasticity Is not in
jured t v tte c yiittnc i .ii aiv! expaiiMi.n of metals, and
ll'ill 'uot crack in cold or Run in warm
weather.
T1ie materials have been thoroughly tetted in Kenr
Tmk and all patts of the S nnhern itid We-tern tate',
and re cati give abundant pruuf uf allwc clai.it in their
fakor
Tl;'-y are readily applied by otuiuary laborcri, at trifl
ire C'jk;ii,,e .
-NO HEAT IS REQUIRED."
These materials arc put up ready for
use and for Shipping to all parts of the
Country, with full printed directions for
application.
Fvll descriptive circulars will le fur
nished on application ly mail, or in per
son, at our principal office,
510, BROADWAY,
(Orposite St. Ni.h'.Ua 11. del ) NEW YORK,
JOHNS & CROSLEY.
Teb. 23. 1SCI. AGENTS WANTED. 6 mo-
SPRLYti FASHIONS:
jamks s. iji:dfoud
AT TO UN E Y AT LAW,
Mister r:nir.i"NNioiiiT In Chancery.
-tOWKVILLE, N.T.-
PEASE'. &' FOWLER,
BLACKSMITHS,
Wn1or ritroctt
r,UO NMl.i.E. NLRUASuA.
Hi- f rr--i ,;'f I ri.r'l i'i ti rl.-e ai d nlir;t a vhxr
i t .' if J. r' !ii.-e. 1 1 fir -.-.-i II and p. C runfi-tt-il
t .(f M-f 'irn. r iif" 1 f .Ii .euiK ti.Te $1 0
t th i.i all i..uuJ rli l.ew ti. . Iec 3 i; 3.11
n. a. c o s.t n la i: ,
IMTOKTI H AMI LtALKB 1 !
IRON, STEEL, NAILS,
I'aSUNCn sIMIMJS. AXLKS, ITLI
nniaij o w o ,
rL aoksmYtii's tools
Alv):. Hulis. SjMkes, nr.'l YM Siul'f.
T 'u t reot, ln'tweeii Ke'.is and 1-Minotnl.
SAINT JOSEPH. .MO.
w 'i li he ell at St I. ui price fi-r cah.
ll'jV-!! Vri" Pilivl lor ScrD Irou.
is:. -iv.
tf .-,., .,.i 1
PIKES' PEAK GOLD!
rr 'nvf l.r.'i. Pc CS ..Li and advance.
tn.'tifT tt,n ,. ,,,,. ari, pr ver balance f.f pr.K-te l
4""n Mint re'uui! are Lad. lnallce. I '".
'.:!';'. U,e i" lii'.ed reluiti f the t'uilcd StateM IC ,
EVLilaX AXD EXCHANGE CHOKER
DROWNVILLE, Enn.SKA.
n.Uf)v4
BT1 "v - r
' W -
3 pi d-Tord.
l n r ; rv'Vi i i i.' i.' ii i" a c I.' A
ii uti i uiiLiij, iii,imiiuuji.
Main. Bdwccn Levze and First Streets.
Particular allenllon plvcn tithc
I'urc Iiasc and Sale oi iicai
Eslalo, .ilakf npr Col
lections and
Payment of Taxes lor Xon-Rcsi-dcntN.
LAND WARRANTS I Oil SALE, for casb and on
time.
LAND WARRANTS LOCATED foTEa?tcrnCap
itclif t,'in lat ili selected from pcrwtial examination,
and a complete Township Map, showing Stream,
Timber, Ac, forwarded with the Certificate of loca
tion. IJmwnv'lle. N.T.Jan. 3. 1831. yl
r.: -Vi VSS
New Eating Saloon.
BENJ. WHYTB,
ITas openr-d a new Eating IIoue on Main street,
xt door to the U. S. Laud Office in Brownville,
next
where
Warm IlXoals
I:
T. M.-TALR01T.
DENTAL SURGEON,
; : l.vir.-.l hi:u-c!f in w uville. N. T.,te'J
-.i--).itial s rvu'cs to thvcoiuuiutiity.
t Jtinnt -d .
a:i
Clocks, Watches Jcwehy.
J. SC1HTTZ
xjroulfl tn-.i-.v.rcf : .. t hv -iti ten nt BrwnrlHe
iPand vuli.vtv tbat he ha located himclf in
avarownvuie, at.i:iitei..! keeping a full a.rt. '
i-i.t or everythiiic to hi llne.f buMne, which will
low for cah . lie i.l t ,i. ,n mj4 rp
x;rin: of clocVa, w a tche ao vl jewelry. All work jr.
,,r''e1. vSnlS'r
PI0KEE1R
SUIKP BOOK
, BI1IDERY,
COUNCIL BLUFFS. IOWA.
w V7ILLIALI F. KITER.
r 17. rsco.
FAIRBANKS'
ETAKSALD
SCALES
MRS. IIEWETT,
MAIN STREET,
nnow.vviux, xcniiASKA.
Announces to the latiie of Brownville aiid viciuity
that the h jut leceiveU her
SPUING STOCK
O 3j"
MILLlNEltY GOODS,
To which he calls particular attenlion. Tier poda
are d ihe ery laical t) le aud are oflered at unusually
low p'uea
Apiii4, IMO.
new thoe lollop.
UR0WXV1LLE, A'EBRASKJ,
Tte-pectf'iHy informa the ciMicn f f thia place and
vliii.il th.it lie h ci'iiiiiierucd the tn uuraci..iy .f
U.t aii0h'4xin Hri.wm ille, and h ! I'.v attention
and cite ! me ii a haio f puti.ic p it i.-irite. Ill
Mm k i all .r the l-c-1 qii.ui'y. ai-d Inn wurk all 'ar
lal.led In' tive .il iff.ici l.'H of Im p.iy."
Ail tyU of w...k. troiti a N .. 1 . Hue ca'f ffcin h''l.
t a cuar -e bri nan. and al i'i Icea to low that lion can
cutii'.il .irt.
fiive ti e a citl at my th. p. on First street, between
Main and Wxter.
in. wnvjile. Mir 9. l?CI ly
John (iirnt-tt. iia.ini Jwinng, i 1 Jarne 1 .
r.liiinl 'ii. ( the :itt. r, li nc :t cciluiail in the cui
1 d..y of 'o ra I.uu lrdh A Soii ; have unitol uudcr
the tun if
JOHN GARHETT i CO.
TtR THE PROSECCTIOX OT THE
Agricultural Implement
iNI)
SEED BUSINESS,
They will ntitant!y keep on hand a fu!l npply of
Land nth' s Warranted Garden Seeds,
a',1 fre-h, ntid of the l.i.-t yo irV prowth.
To lie ohrnined nt oil h"in at I'liil ulelphia.
and will ci'i.Cue their ..iU-j f Gardt-n Socdi exclu-sivi-to
t5.oe. They will keen n very l.ire stock .f
All Implements and Jucfnncry tn Lse,
LMEBaCIMS' ALL TPK LKPIii AKTICLKS is tub
TKU'K, OK THE Bk".T Jl M" K ACTl'KK.
They sil.eiv ths c mtiuae I cinUiu of ibeir frieud,
nr. ( all thoe tm h:ive dealt at tho Lranch boa.:
or Laspkkth A S)N, at St. lui. Our price chall
l. very kw, in acco. dance with the tiaie, and we
bej-fl to ftify all who call on us, as to the superior
quality of our stock, and the prices.
" Our Ttrmtnr ('(, . prV' tt orrerpond.
JOHN GARNETT & CO.,
rSnl .ST. LOUIS, MO.
GENTLEMEN S WJUAK.
JACOB MAKOLIN,
MERCHANT TAILOR.
niiou viiaiai:, Ai:m: isit a,
lias jut returui-d from St. LoU withan entire
new stock of
LATEST STYLES
Of Go for Gentlemen's wear, which he will
make to order at ah crt notice, and in a manner he
warrants to be fati.-f-i0ry.
Ilia stock cnnsUu in ,rt of black. enl-ra and
mixed cloth ; tiltiek, evU.rsl and mixei drkins;
b!ck, colored, lan. y and mixed Ciimers ; fine
Kentucky Jcan Check. Cttimndea. Linens, dril
lings, duck. Satins, esting. raids, lUttooa.eofd
Ac. He returns his thank the cm-leua'n of this
place and vicinity for their pa.t hbe-al patrons -e,
and res;ectfully invites them to call and examine
his new stock. He feels coufidert tlsat in the fu
ture as in the past, be will be able to give entire sat
isfaction. lirownville, March 21, ISJ.Vlj
CAN BE II AD
AT ALL HOURS.
All kindi of gamo served up as desired, at the
shortest notice.
Oysters, Quails, Prairie Chickens,
Fish, Venison, Pies, Cakes, Hot
Coffee. Sweet and Butter
Milk, Mush and Milk,
and all such.
Como arvxxd JSoo 3VTo ! !
t-b. i. lofil. II ill
CITYLIIE1YSTJ1LI
AND
BROWNVILLE, NEBRASKA.
ROGERS cSc BROTHER,
ANNOUNCES to the pnhlic that he has pnrcbased the
I.ivery Miahle and Stock formerly owned by William
K .!eil and added thereto fine tik, aad is now prepar
ed to accommodate the public with
Carriages,
Buggies,
Sulkies,
Saddles Horses
&c. &c.
THE THAVELUilG PUBLIC
Can find at his Stable ample accommxlatlons for
horses, males or can te.
iSKNJAMIN 4. JOSnrA ROGERS.
Brownville, Oct. 19. 1860. nl5-yly
! I M. I S. V Aa atV . I I OS. aWS aft atV AAa. J
From tie luwi School Journal.
i A Talk to Parents.
Parents are often guilty, unconsciously
I doult not, of causing much injury to
school by manifesting an interest in all
the little antipathies which their children
may have contracted, and by sympathiz
ing with them in all their little wrongs,
real or imaginary, to wbich they hare
been subjected. Probably there is no in
dividual whose motives and actions are
so grossly muconceifed and misrepre
sented asareihost of theschoDl teacher.
This we may readily see from the nature
of his employment; he has to do with
the mind and passions in all their various
working?, and that at anaje when reason
and prudence have but a very limited
sway. As his pupils differ in disposition
and understanding, so his efforts to secure
order and obedience, and his incentives
to exertion must vary; to one a mere
look or word of reproof will be as effectual
as the mos severe discipline to another,
and yet is not the faithful, prudent and
skillful teacher, sometimes severly cen
sured and accused of partiality, while en
deavoring to adapt his mode of discipline
to the peculiar disposition and tempera
ment of the offender? A conscientious
and wise instructor will consider it an
important part of his duty, so to study the
character and peculiar disposition of each
pupil, as shall enable him to pursue that
course of discipline which shall most
readily and effectually secure the reform
or best jrood of all.
But from the want of proper consider-
tion on the ran of many parents and
guardians, this becomes a fruithful source
of complaints and fault-finding. A
teacher may pursue that course which ex
perience and observation dictate as the
best, and which an interest in the wel
fare and improvement of his pupils
prompts him to pursue, and while thu?
acting and thus influenced by the purest
motives, he is represented by one as be
ing " too severe," by anorher " too lax,"
and by many as " partial in his disci
pline ;" this parent complains that his
children have not studies enough, and that,
because his have; too many. jViwi-whence
ii 'i "' i . t "
comes all tnis complaint wnn parents f
Does it proceed from frequent visits to
the school room, and from actual observa
tion while there? By no means; but
from the distored statements of interested
and ex parte witnesses the pupils them
selves. Many a poor teacher i3 tried,
fonnd guilty, condemned arrd almost exe
cuted, without being afforded the least
opportunitp for self-defense; and per
chance being all the time unconscious of
the crime or deviations for which he is
uuder sentence.
But says one, shall parents always sub
mit to what the teacher does"? Is he al
ways in the right and children in the
wrong? Certainly not! The teacher is
not infallible; but does he not, or ought
he not to understand his own business
best? At all evenfs, will it always answer
to rely on the pupil's judgment ?
I do not intend to assert tnat most
children design to make false statements,
but they are so easily biased and prej
udiced, that they very frequently imagine
things which exia only in excited fancy.
A wrong word on the part of the teacher
an improper emphasis?, a slight omis
sion or addition, or even an altered look
or tone, often very materially prejudices
his reputation. Fnrents, protably are
not always aware of the nature and ex
tent of their influence, directly or indirect
ly, upon their children, who are prone to
like or dislike, and endeavor to express
the same sentiments which they hear ex
pressed at the fireside, though act always
correctly. Few realize hew many no
ttons and prejudices children form, under
the influence of those with whom they
spend most of their time.
If any parties should labor with united
heart and hand, surely parents and teach
ers should; their one object and aim should
be to so train up and instruct those in their
care, that they shall become useful intel
lient and moral members of society.
The deelorable effects of complaints and
fault finding, so common in somecommuni
ties, should neyer reach the teacher un
less on grounds of the strongest reason;
fur how often, like an iceberg, do they
chill his ardor, and literaally freeze up
all his kindliest emotions! He needs
svmDathv and encouragement and with
them properly and reasonably bestowed,
if he possess manly feelings and a nolle
heart, he will almost be strengthed to out
do himself. It has been said, with much
truth, that, "as is the teacher, so will be
the school." It may with equal truth be
the teacher." Generous, active, interest'
ed. intelligent and sympathizing parents
will exert a roost powerful and happy in
fluence upon the instructor of their chil
dren; while on the other hand negligent
and fault-finding paren's will almost para
lyze the energies of the best uf teachers,
and render well directed and otherwise
successful efforts powerless. How im
portant then, that parents strive by every
word and look to beget in their children'a
feeling of confidence tn, and respect for,
their teacher !
Tike's Pcalt, or Ilust."
JEW
OF ALL KIDS.
FA an&?J70 r, r.nnnni rrnc
d con.er of Main & U'alnut Kts. St. Lou
my oi.y the
Ijouia-
G EX VISE.
KELVIIT LULLS.
KEM-VIIA CITY, NEBKSKA.
C?XJ3lx for Wlioat,
Ttie piii in- ait n.ii.i i.unj that i tivia'n Mi'.! that
8,Oi0..'eutc,.ti t items pud r--r r iol n:e:ih j ntatie
wheat. A ! w ieal aud coin ground. l-r to! I a- rual.
Xs22, 15 jJ. J. (i. AiLLYl.V
PBOViSION STORE
AND
DRY GOODS HOUSE.
IJo. XI, ZVXanixx stroot,
BROWNVILLE, IT. T.
I. BEESY & Co
ITave Jnt completed tfctir new business bonse on
Main Sireer. t-ear the C.8. Land OrM-e. In Brownville
where they have ope tied out and arevfl'ering on the most
favorable terms.
Dry Goods, Provisions,
fir an tunas,
FLOUR, CONFECT10NARIES,
GREEX AI DUIKD mUITS,
Choice Liquors, Cigars,
And a "thousand and one," ether things everybody
needs
CALL AND EXAMINE OUR STOCK
Brownvil.e. April 2. 1
THOMAS DAVIS,
ECLECTICTHYSICIAN
SURGEON,
TABLE ROCK. NEBRASKA.
Reference, Dr. D, Gwio, Drownrille.
April II, Til. nia-Iy
A Double-page
Map of the World,
OX KERCATOR'S PROJECTION,
Will te ciren free rhn trifj th-jfirpt number cf the
HOUSEHOLD JOLILNAL, new adj
From the lofx School Journal.
Duties of Sab-Directors-
In all our iournals much is- said, verv
j - j
properly, in relation to the duties and ob
ligations of teachers, while an almost uni
versal silence prevail as to the corres
ponding duties of school officers. Under
the present school law of Iowa, the cfaee
of sub-director is in most respects the
chief. He is the direct guardian cf his
sub-district and ought to know and pro
vide tor every want. It becomes his duty
to tee that the hcuse is in suitable condi
tion for the opening of a school, and that
every thing is provided at the prcper
tunc.
This duty he should by no means neg
lect. To put a qualified teacher into a
rickety, filty school house is an open in
sult. It could hardly be expected that In
such a place habits of good order, neat
ness, or correct taste could be cultivated ;
yet in very many of our public schools
we find this important duty entirely neg
lected. Thore are a noble exception but
in most cases the teacher is expected to
put hi$ own house in order, and some
times, cut his own wood.
Employing Teachers. This is cne of
ihe most important steps in the prepara
tion for opening school. In counties
wlce no institutes have been held acd
where the County Superintendent has no
other means than an oral examination to
know the qualifications of teachers, it be
comes a question not easily determined,
who is best qualified to teach and who has
his work nearest his affections.
But after this question, come others of
no less moment. Has the candidate any
professional knowledge or has he ever
taught? If so, with what success? Does
he take and read any school journal ?
Has he read any approved work on teach
ing. These are all questions that the in
telligent sub-director will not fail to ask
a stranger who may apply to him for a
situation as teacher.
The director should also put certain
questions to himself. Is the school house
in good repair and thoroughly cleaned ?
Is there a sufficient amount of good dry
fuel ready for use? Do all in the dis
trict understand the day school is to begin?
Are the out-houses in proper condition,
one for each sex? If not they should be
provided at once." It is time t.c had plain
talk on this subject. The total lack of at
tention to this important provision . calls
loudly for reform. It is a disgrace to the
districts that neglect it. Even if we pay
no regard to the physical eviband suffer
ings occasioned by it, the disregard of
decency and delicacy on the part of chil
dretfwhich "must result from tins neglect,
is an evil which can but bring a terrible
blight on the character of the young.
In the came, then, of our common hu
manity, and in behalf of the moral ex
cellence of virtue in the young, I appeal
to directors to regard this important pre
paration. Then, see that every pupil is regular
in attendance at school. Encourage pa
trons to carry out this regulation, and you
will have better schools, and of course
more satisfactory, because better results.
The school ought aLso to be visited once
or twice each week by some of the pa
trons, and teacher thus encouraged in the
great work in which he is engaged. Let
all labor in the common work of educa
ting and the intellectual harvest will be
great.
Savins Cloicr Seed.
As clover forms such an important ele
ment in farm economy, both as fodder
and a green manure, i. is important that
our cultivators should more generally
raise their own seed. What need of any
one paying from five to eight dt liars a
bu;hel to others, when he can raise an
abundance at only a trifling outlay? A
farmer might as well buy his seed com,
wheat, oats, etc, Our climate and soil
are favorable for the growth of the seed.
All fhat is need, is to lay off" a certain
portion of the field where the yield is
clean and good; and, having cut the first
crop of fodder and cured it, allow the
second, which is most productive, to grow
and ripen its seed. The yield will range
from four to eight bushels of seed to the
acre, according to the strength of the
land. The first crop of fodder should be
harvested (or it may be eaten off by
sheep or cattle,) by the middle of May
or the first of June, so H3 to give the
second crop a sufficient time to mature
its seed ; for if not ripe before hard
frosts come, it will be injured. Of course,
if the land is poor, it should be well man
ured in the Spring or Fall previous.
Of the several machines now in use
for gathering and cleaning the seed, we
need no express any decided preference.
Wegener's is an excellent harvester, and
Crawford's is a good huller, and there
may be others equally good in market.
Farmers who havn only a little seed to
hull, can get along by using the ordinary
threshing machine, modifying the run
of it a httle for the purpose; the work,
however,- has to te gone over with seve
ral times in order to get the seed per
fectly clean. But if the farmer wishes
only to save enough for his own use, he
need not betrareful to clean it nicely; h
will vegetate very will if sown in the
chaff. Still again, for small farmers who
wish to raie a little seed, but cot take
the trouble to clean it, a home-made ma
chine can be got up at little cost. A
Kentucky farmer with a Yankee genius,
thus describes one in the Louisville Jour
nal: "Mrkeabox, say three feet wide,
four feet long, and one foot deep, with the
forward end left out. This should be
placed on runners about nine inches wide,
fcrmiug a kind of sled ; teeth made of
hard wood, about fifteen inches long, one
inch thick, and one inch wide at the top,
and half an inch wide on the under side.
These should be placed about a quarter of
an inch apart, forming a kind of comb by
which the heads are gathered."
CultlTatlon of Tears.
The Truit Committee cf the Mats.
Horticultural Society, gives tha follow
ing directions for growing fino speci
men pears:
1st. Deep, generous tillage ly which
is meant a trenching an l manuring cf
the soil from one and a half to three feet
deep. In other 'countries, w here l:bor
is cheaper, and fruits dearer than they
are here, this work is often extended to
a depth cf four feet, receiving a profit
able return, even from so small a fruit
bearing plant as the strawberry. It is
from a want of such cultivation that the
Potato ria::tl2S-
For t!e miia crop of pouroes, thebe;t
time fcr planting in this climate, ii ths
middle cf June. We know that the gn.
erally received opinion is ihit they jIcu'.J
bo planted early. Wo have planted for
many years at loth scasjns, and when a
crop is to ba kept over winter, wc de
cidedly prefer to phnt in June. The
lale rains of summer generally injure a
crop, and as they mature at a r.i'iih. later
period, and in cool weather, they keep
better.
The potatoes should be cut a cocplo cf
weeks before being planted, ai a ccatirg
of starchy matter will form over the
finest pear trees taken from cur ci:rse-1 wounds and prevent tho seed frcm to
ries often die, or come to nothing. They ; suddenly decaying in case of wet ucti.
have no deepness of earth, "no root" ; cr after planting.
1 aa . 1 a
lho seed should le drcppc.J in tho fur
row immediately after it u made, whilo
the carih is cool. The rotsloei should bo
covered as speedily m poiit!, bcord
and, as a natural consequence, they share
the fate of the wasted seed of the par
able. 2d, Cultivating cr mulching cf the
surface around the trees, for a distance
equal, at least, to the drip of their bran
ches. But especial care should be taken
lo avoid the slightest bruising of root?,
and the mulch must not bo so thick and
heavy as to smother them.
3d. Underdrainage, whenever the sub
soil is of a retentive nature. But all
covered drains, whether of tile3 or of
stones, should not be less than three feet
deep, nor les3 than six or eight feet dis
tant from the trunks of the trees ; for
many a fine tree set out directly over a
shallow underground conduit has been
poisoned to death by the foul air therein
contained.
4th. Thinning the fruit, especially of
the class of trees known as "great bear
ers." Pruoing may bo performed at any sea
son of the year ; but the best time is be
lieved to be about the longest days cf
summer, while the worst effects that hap
pen arise from using the saw or knife du
ring the full flow of sap in the Spring.
An exception, however, must be mad in
cases where it i3 considered necessary
to head in a newly planted tree.
. 1 .1 a
me sun mm 1:10 potatoes or une3 th
moisture in the furrow. A a ?o:n as the
potatoes begin to sprout, go ever the field
with tho Harrow, reversed th? uppc?
part cf the teeth protruding a courle cf
inches. By this mear:3 ihj weeds are J
stroyed, ai.d ihe plants will speedily ap
pear, and get th start of tha weeds. -
Replace Weak Plants.
If every beet, carrot, melon vine, and
other plant in the garden were of strong
growth, the yield would be often nearly
doubled. Owing to defective seeds, im
proper, planting, injury from insects and
other hinderances, from one-fourth to one
third or more of the plants in the gar
den often fall below the normal standard
This can be partially remedied while you
are thinning the plants. First, always
be careful to leave the plants cf the most
vigorous growth, even though they rtand
a little outside of he prescribed distance
apart. Then remove spindling speci
mens, select the best from those that are
to be 'removed, and transplant them so
carefully, that they may go on growing
without check. This will often prove:
profitable, especially with melons and
other vines, where a large produce is
yielded from a single seed. In some ca
ses it would pay to make over a whole
bed, and plant new seeds to take the
places! the stunted plants which had been
started too early. Where the first roots
of a plant have been developed under un
favorable circumstances, n3 coldness or
wetness of the soil, etc., they are treak,
and poorly .itted to nourish the plant,
which will, in consequence, remain dwarf
ed fcr a considerable time, i or this re.i
son late planted vegetables often yield
better than those sown at the cf
Spring. Americm Agriculturist.
Raspberry riant.
The crop of fruit next year will depend
much t;pori the number and vigor cf th?
new shoots grown this season. Pcrsoni
ignorant of their nature have hoed up
all young canes, as so many trespassers.
Of course they get x.o fruit the follo-.vi.r: j
season, as they die in the fall. Oth.ri,
again, allow too many c.mos fo mako
wtaMy growth, with not enough vigor ii
produce a full crop of fruit. Avoid loth
extremes, leaving just sufficient gool
strong shoots to keep the patch in a vig
orous condition. The oldest planted rasp
berry roots in the writer's ground?, wer.
set 1J year3 ago, and they ate now th
best, yielding largo strong caucs wnica
bear abundantly.
Importance or Salt to Animals.
The wild buffalo frequents th? salt
licks of Northwestern America ; the wild
animals in the central parts of South
America are a sure prey to the hunter
who conceals himself behind a salt spring;
and our domestic cattle run peacefully to
the hand that offers ihem a taste of -this
delicious luxury. From time immemo
rial it ha been known that without m!i
man would miserably perish ; and arnor.g
horrible punishments, entailing certoiu
death, that of feeding culprits on f alt
less food is said to have prevailed in bar
barous times. Maggots and corruption
re spoken of by ancient writers as the
di-.tressing symptoms -which s:iltl?s5 fYod
engenders; but no ancient cr ur.chemical
modern could explain hew such suffering
arose. Now we knov why the animal
craves salt why it suffers dhcemfort.
and why it ultimately falta into disease if
salt is for a time withheld. Upward cf
half the saline matter cf the blood con
si?t3 of common salt, and as th;3 is par
tially discharged every day through the
skin and kidneys, the necessity of contin
ued supplies of it to the healthy body be
comes sufficiently obvious. The tile, al
so, contains soda as a special indispen
sable constituent, and so do all the car
riages of the body. Stint the supply cf
salt, therefore, aDd neither will the bile
be able properly to assist the digestion,
nor allow the cartilages to be built up
again as fast as they naturally waste.
When you find a person a little better
than hi3 word, a little more liberal than
his promise, a little more than borne out
in his statement by his facts, a little; Iar
ger in deed than in speech, you recog
nise a kind cf eloquence in that person's
utterance, not laid down in Blair cr ia
CampbelL
Col) Meal.
Most farmers hereabouts use cob meal,
and I think, with favor, especially for
certain purposes. On our lijLt soils, v, 3
raise mostly corn and rye. These art?
the staples fcr feeding. The rye be ing
sticky when wet or scalked, is not cc:;-
venient to feed alone'; hence I generally
have it ground with corn, wU mis.w.1 i
the hopper, one-fourth rye; This gives
more nutriment than the cob-rneal alone,'
at the same time is convenient to tut.
'v i t 1 :'..t.
mis mi.uuru i rearu superior ir
cow?, especially rjiven with well copped
roots or pumpkins. For growing slu3t?,
too, it may be bolter than clean com
meal. It should, however, b" real led
and salted. The best way cf feedii;
meal to hordes that I have found, is t
sprinkle it over hay. previously wet .vita
a watering pot stir
whole will mix a:.d
Be sure that the manger is tight. Scal
ded cob meal is excellent for fowls, bit
for fattening either hr-gs cr cattle,' I dj
not think it good economy.
T. J., DirJJji. .
it gently
ie to th'. I.ay.
When should Wheat Ijc Cut?
This is an important ir.quiry. Mo-jt
farmon think it muit be rip ; before :!;.;
reaper cr cradle enters the f!J. This
is a great mistake. A gn-at d -il is lost
every year, by too !c;
grain. Many thnrrui:
mcr.ts have born ma le
with
different stages cl
i:::ttt
cl-I erring to tut
tried cxren
rain c jt it
and they
a rrrtter
7
have i:rnnimou-Iy re.'ult'- l in
yield when grain is cut in a soft cr do-ighy
state. The straw juct below the. head
siioul 1 have turned cm'Mvrat yellow, but'
tbe lower part of the stalk ih joll itiil Li
green.
All I. in;? cf grain, when cut in thu
state will weigh more to the bushel, pro-
j due? a larger yi-ld to the same quantity
of land, ar:dwheat wilIm-T.;e more and
better flour. Thi fctraw is more i.atji
tiou, end is better rc !i-hed by stock.
We hope the incredoloeii w.;l try our
recommendation,
The papers are bragging of an inven
tion by which hides can be tannei in five
minutes. Our Schoolmaster used to do
it occasionally in two.
particuliriy fcr cr.ts
thu -it
and wheat, and we fe"l certiin t!
win iniuce tnem to cut t.ner rram L-'ior
the kerr.tl ha3 turned hard a:.J dry and
the straw yelbw, a3 ii now generally
the case.
Dead Animals for 3Iannrc.
Tn SnrinT nr,i! r.irlv ?i:rpr. furr"'!
not seldom have carci:c$ tf dettd ani
mals to di.-posc cf, and whs h are cfi?n
thrown away and wasted. Rightly uan
agrd, they would make excellent mar.nre.
The expediency cf the common prae;ic3
of burying them in a crude state ammg
the roots cf grap j-vir.es and other prots
feeding trees, maybe questioned. Rather
let them te cut up in small piece, then
stacked in the corner of seme Mold cr
back-yard, scatterirg cc a little lime nr.J
muck, or charcoal if at hind, r.3 the p:I
gor-s up, filling all the sraces 1 etuecrt
i t ' i i
v.iiu suujt; hi soroani mi'.enai, anj cover
ing each piece before another is throv n
on. The offal will slr.vly decompose,
and the gases, instead cf pacing cf in! j
the air, a nuisance to all the ieightcr
heed, will la absorbed ar. J saved. In thj
Autumn, this heap miy be Iroken dc-.vn,.'
-t. 1-1 I . " ! .t . 1
e.iuveitu over anu mixta; 11 vtiu latn co
a very valuable vertihzcr. Am.
ctilurclist.
Grief murmurs; anger rears; Imp-,
tience frets; tut happir.es?, like a caln
river, thws cn i.i quiet sunl:;ht, without
a ripple or a fall to marl; tha ru.-hirg cn
of time toward eternity.
0