Nebraska Newspapers

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THE ADVERTISER,
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VOL. V.
BROWNVILLE, NEBRASKA, THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 15, 1860.
NO. 19.
iiUSINKSS CARDS.
X. CHOIKHEIT
uuiniouu iv ,
ATTORNEYS. AT LAW,
SOMC1TORSAIN CHANCERY,
Corner Fit and Main Streets
rowmlllc, - - AcbraMta
J. B. WESTON,
UTQRHEY AT LAW,
. Drownville, Nebraska.
?-o2?toii JIain Street, olc above the Poil
r!wnvi!!e, Drocml-er !, 1S59.
on
r. W.'-TIPTON,
Attorney at Law,
BR 0 WXV1LLK,
.v. r.
DR. D. GWIN,
Having rtrmaneutly located in
UtOWNVJLLE, NEBRASKA,
r the practice cf llcdielno and Surgery, ten
t liit i.rorofVionnl scrvicca to tho aClicted.
.See on Main Street. no2Sv3
A.S.U0LLADAY, M. D.
.,.ctfnlly ii.r,riiie b 'frlendf iu BruwnwUe and
..Jiateviai.dylli.Hiebai reumcJ ILe i-rattirc of
Ulclnc, Surgery, & Obstetrics,
l0f.i t.ytn:ta!tei.ti..n to l.iir..rei..n, to receive
ieVer'.u. paironaei- l.erelofore extende.l t..lmu In
e where it in t.miilf or cxi-ciiiit, a prescritlou
-.eMwilU'fO-'"''- fl'coat CUy Drug Sturo.
SI, 'M. , tS.VT
L. It JOHNSON, M. D-i
IIYSICIAN AND SURGEON,
Offl'J at U. C. Jli!iau Law Offlce,
First Street, between Maia and Water,
ri I M Y V I i.r. L j i: " A S li A .
ICHT LITHSTII
NEWSPAPERS, .
AND
oiocLiortls,
Of every description, for sale at
. SCHJ1TZ"& DKUSER'S
JTERARY DEPOT,
South-cast corner Main and Second,
KROWNVIIiliE, N. T.
S-pt, 22.1, lb5. f'"1
U. M'UARV. O. B. HEWITT. I.W.THOMA
cGary, Ifewctt & Thomas,
ATTORNEYS AT LAW
SOLICITORS ik C1UXCERY.
BrowiiYillc, Nebraska.
Mil !rtctlce in lh Courts of Nebraska, and North
l UUiouu.
UEFEUEN'CES.
Crow, Mv-4'reary &.Co., 6t. Louli, Ho.
no
Do
extra
u. Jaint'k M. II iiKh,
n. Jolni K. Shoply,
ti. JamefCraiE,
n. SiRnH'ilcn,
n. Siiiuel W. Black,
F. Nucki'.U.Kq.,
fever Swectfc. Co.,
MT. Kiirna-"
i wnvllle, S. T.T)ct.
St. Joseph, Mo.
. ' - Do
Nebraska City, N.I.
- Do
. da
Browuville
29, 185S. vlnlS
. E. S. DUNDY,
wTTORNEY AT L AAV,
ARCHER, RICIIiBDS05 CO. N. T.
'I.L practice in the neveral Courtpof tbeil Jnlic:al
itt, a'iJ attotiJ t.iall niHttprs connected with tbe
miIou. MT ft . Mcl.tSKAll, .Ksi-,of Nebranka City,
.lit me In tbe pi o-ecution of important Sulta .
il.10, '61-U-tt
Hl OMI i. JESSE HOI.I. AD T. ALEXIN MCDD.
IU CIIIi:S & IIOLLADAY,
V 1, City Buildings,
INT LOUIS - - - 1IISSOUIXI.
Ill IM &. llOLl.AttAY,
i
Ko. HO, lVarl Street,
. Now "STorli,
oducc and Commission
aieiiciiants.
Vk kCKER BT PERMISSIOK TO
well. Levy I.emuu, - - -St. Joseph,
Mitlef & KarleitU, . - . - - "
J. Curd "
lire, McCord &Co., ...
nnel Si Saxtuu . . "
"A.
c o x s t a n i; c
IMPORTER AND DEALER IK
-ON, STEEL, NAILS,
JTIXGS, SPRINGS, AXLES, FILES
L A'CKSMlTirs TOOLS
: Hubs, Spokes, and Bent Stuff.
Third Street, between Felix and Ediuond,
AINT JOSEPH, MO.
htdi lie ell at St. Louis prices for cash.
nicest Price Paid for Scrap Iron,
ember I, ISiiS.-ljr.
T. M. TALRQTT,
)ENTAL SURGEON,
vlnsInratcihim'cUin lirownviUe. N. T. ten
Drofesionala Tvices to thecomuiunity'
! jobi warrants d
Planter's House
JOHN M'MECUAX PJlOrRIETOR,
Coraer of Fourth and CJom. Street,
MORTON HOUSE,
MAIN STREET,
:CRASKA CITY, XEDRASCA.
T. I. GODDIN, Proprietor.
ptcmber,t9,lS59. tf
PIKES' PEAK GOLD!
M'e will receire Pike' Peak Guld, and advance
money upon the name, and pay over balance of proceed
. : - . I. ..I In .11 .A. WM will
exhibit the priiited return of tbe United Statca Jllut
or Away ofVe.
. i wiifiirnii riRsnv.
BULLION' AN'I) EXCIIANGIi DUOKERS
BHOH'KVILLE, NEBRASKA.
no20v4
Clocks, Aratclics & Jewelry.
J. SCIIITTZ
Would announcelo thecltiiens of BrawuTille
thai ce tiai locaieu uiuiii-u iu
:........ w a. ... . full ...npl
i r .)..:.
rr j 1 IJ u II I J
nem if everything H hia lineof butiuesa, which will
beauld low fofcali. He will also io all kinds of re
pairing of clock, w.tcbca and jewelry. All work war
ranted. v8n'8r
l.'I? .AN'KLIN
TYPE & STEREOTYPE FOUNDRY
No. 108 Vine St.. bet. i ourt nana i xitn,
Cincinnati, 0.
r-. ft'DllIX OI-I, & CO
ManufattorerFaud dealer? in New8,I5ookana Job
'rp"es. Cases. (Jallics .&C. &c.
j.-a- ijii""" h' ' ' , . '
Inkii, ami 1'rintinjr Material ol Every Description,
k-riMU'MTYPIXt: r.f all kind Books. Music.
PatenrMedicineDirectioDS.Jobs.WoodEDgrevings,
Brand and Pattern Letters, various styles,
"Pike's Peak, or Uust."
NEW
PROVISION STORE.
AI
DRY GOODS HOUSE.
INTo. XX TVXxixx stroot,
BROWNVILLE, IT. T.
CITY LIFEHY STABLE
AND
BROWNVILLE, NEBRASKA.
ROGERS & BROTHER,
ANNOUNCES to the public that he h;is purchased the
Livery Stable and !to-k forpierly owned by William
Kur.se II and adtlcd thereto fine stock, and is now prepar
ed 10 acconi uiuuaie the public witn
Carnages, "
Buggies,
Sulkies,
Saddles Horses
&c. &c.
THE TRAVELLING PUBLIC
Can find at his Stabla ample accommodationa for
uorsea, mules or catt l.
BENJAMIN &. JOSHUA KOGEES
Browuville, Oct. 18, 1S60. n!5-yly
b i a .
J. BERRY 6& Co
nam Just complete! their new business house on
Main Street, near the U.S. Land Office, in Brownville
where they have opoued eut and areofferlng on the most
favorable terms,
Dry Goods, Provisions,
Of all Klnda,
FLOUR, CONFECT10NARIES,
CUCCT AXD DIIICI rRCITS,".'
Choice Liqvors, Cigars, -
And a ''thousand and uiie," other thinfi everybody
CALL AND EXA 1 1 XE OUR STO CjC
I'vn.r.r.4. 'April If , .,'.. "
NEMAHA LAND AGENT,
SURVEYOR & KOTARY PUBLIC,
v liiscicctiands, investigate titles, paytaxes. &c.
either 111 Kansas or Nebraska; buy, sell, and enter
landson commission: invest in town Dronertv.tuvor
aell the same, and will always have on bandcorrect
plats or townships, count ies.&c, showing all landssub
Ject to entry, and where desired will furnibh parties II v
injtin tbe states with thesarae.
Being the oldest settler in the county will In all
cacsbe abletofriveulland reliableinformation. "
Address A. L. Coate.eltherat Brownrilleor Nemaha
CityJNebraskaTerritory. 6m-42-v2
The Nebraska Farmer.
16 PAGES QUARTO MONTHLY. .
SUHSCllIUU FOR IT.
It is the only Journal devoted exclusively
to the Agricultural and Educational inte
rests of Ocbraska, Kansas, J"orihern
Missouri and Southern Iowa.
Try it.-j3.ici it.
Four Copies, 3 'months for SI
Twortv Cories, 1 year - C'l-
' Que Co j yt 1 yvar
SI
Add re.
F U UN AS I -lANNA,
fit vumvule, Ncbrak-
Mrs. Keiulgen & 3Iiss Lusly,
MILLINERS AND DRESS MAKERS,
First Street, let. Main and Water,
IillOWNVILLE, NEBRASKA,
Bonnet, Had-Drti$ nd Trimming alvay ton hand
PIONEJEIK
umm book
AND
BINDERY,
BLUFFS,
COUNCIL
WILLIAM
May 17, I860.
F.
IOWA.
KITER.
A9ERICAN HOUSE.
Hotel
BROWNVILLE NEBRASKA.
P. J. HENDGEN,.
Tlereby notiiiesthc public that be has purchased tbe
Nebrahka HoiiKe in Brownville, N. T., formerly kept by
T. J. Edwards, and has remodeled, renovated and enti
rely changed the whole house, from cellar to garret,
with an especial view to neatness, conil'ort and conve
nience, llavins had many years experience as hotel
keeper, he feels safe in warranlinctheboardinir patron
age of Brownville, and the traveling publie, that, while
at tbe American, they will have no reason to complain
of tbe fare in any resrect.
Tbe llotel is situated immediately at the Steamboet
Landing, foot of Main street, and consequently aflVrdg
peculiar advantages to the traveling community. Tbe
proprietor aslu but to be tried, md if not found worthy,
discarded.
January, 19 I860. 28-tf
THE
IiIELVIIT KILLS.
NEMAHA CITY NEBRSKA-
The proprietor returns thanks for the generous
patronage thusfar extended him, and Lopes bj re-
ncweacuoris 10 merit increased lavorg.
Farmers and Others
ill do well to hare their grain in as soon as possi
Uo,as spring freshets will soon be upoa us, when
more than likely it will bo impossible to run the
tuill for several weeks.
Ccme Along ITow!
Meal and Flour of Superior Quality
f Constantly on Hand.
c will pay 75 cents cash for wheat
Feb-22, I860. . J. G. MELVIN.
mm
1859.
&.ST. JOSEPH R. It.
FALL ARUANGEJdEXTS.
mn i rain leaves St. Joseph at
Ji'L.Uii Tf 1 r ,1..
- 6:00
do - - 6:40
Jr. . " ".roe stKititby thin route
" w. . ,. v iiannitial with mll?i.tri
nthernKallroad.an.lPackets an.SaHen
T D Haywood, Sup't., Hannibal.
C Sawin, General Agent, St. Joe
li Croat, Ci. Ticket Agent, Han'La
. iiEo. hill, u. i. Ag't, lirownville
cuioer ij,
Merchant Tailor,
JACOB I.1ARH0K,
BROWNVILLE, N. T.
Adopts this method of returning th&nka ii the
gentlemen of this ricinitj. for the liberal patron
age bestowed upon hiui heretofore, to announce
uiamo nasjust returned from St. Louis with a
FRESH STOCK
Of every article of
GENTLEMEN'S WEAR,
Consisting of
FINE CLOTHS,
orj3vr3vxx2n. goods,
Cotton, L-ivnen and Silk Goods
FOR HEX'S WEAR.
"Woolen, Cotton, and Silk Undershirts, drawers
csungs, nan ose, upenders, c. Jn short, ev
ery linn,; gentleman could desire lo array himself
in the gayest attire. Ho will sell tbegoods, or make
raits to order iu a style equal to any other Hmse
nywhcre. Ho asks butaa examination of his goods
and work.
Pricoo,
Correspond with the Present Hard
Times.
April 12, InoO.
... CHARTER OAK
Life Insurance Company,
Hartford, Conn.
Incorporated hy the State of Connecticut.
Capital Stock $200,000.
TVith Urge and incrcasingsnrplusreceipts.secure-
ly invested under the sanction and approral of the
Comptroller of Public Accounts.
OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS :
JAMES C.WALKLEY, President.
JOHN L. BUNCE, Vice President.
ELIAS GILL, Secretary.
E. D.DIUKERMAN, General Agent.
DIECTOBS:
Alfred Gill, Daniel Phillips, JohnL.Bunce,
R.Iilodget, J.A.Batler, E. D. Dickcrman
S.Wheaten, Sam.Coit, Nelson Uollister,
James C. Walklcj.
8.B. Bereiford.M. D, Consulting Physician
A. S. Holladay.M D, Medical Examiner.
Applications received by R. W. FURNAS. Ag't,
15-11 urawuMim, ji
T.
JOSEPH L. ROY,
B -L "JEL IB ES 'JEL
AND
HAIR DRESSER.
Main Street,
BROTTXTILLE, W. T.
Mr L'Hoy has establised, in the rear of his Barbd-sbop
-V BATHING ROOM,
For the accommodation of those who consider clean-
lines a virtue.
50,000 L.IIS WOOL. WAKTED.
ST. JOSEPH, 4fO.
Two Extensive Woolen Factories are in
SUCCESSFUL 0PERA10N,
ONE NEW AND FITTED UP
With all the Latest Fine Improvements.
We are prepared to manufacture to order, and
havo for sale the following Goods:
Satinets, Heavy and Light
JEJXS TWEEDS, FLJIjYNELS
WHITE, COLORED, STRirED AND PLAIN
Xj Inaoy o,
linseys, Colored TTliite
Mixed, 11-2 Yards wide.
FULLED CLOTH,
Blankets of ali Kinds and all Qualities,
YARNS OF ALL SIZES AND COLORS,
Warranted all Goods of the best material.
fSTWe wul exchange the above Goods for Wool
or cash.
Fancy Dying to Order.
We will pay cash for any amount of Wool, at
Market Prices.
Flouxjonstantly on hand for sale. The best price
paid for wheat.
N. BUEL & SON. EUELL & DIXOS.
August, 23, 1860.
Fulled
and
Douglas' Improved
rRcmiLii SUGAR HULLS.
Muskingum " Works. Zanesville, Ohio.
We are now prepared to manufacture our Premium
Sugar-Cane Mill, either Vertical or Horizontal, and
will be able to supply tbe demand, however large.
We are also manufacturing Douglas' Improved Evap
orator, and also Douglas Steam Sngar Evaporator, and
are prepared to furnish every article of too best quali
ty, and at moderate rates, required la the man uf act or
PRICES 60 $60, $90. 100. aud npwarda. Price of
Furnaces and Evaporators, $50 to $100.
Circulars and Pamphlets furnished on application.
AH orders addressed to tbe undersigned wll I be prompt
ly attcuded to. DOUGLAS BROTHERS,
ap'My Zanesville, Ohio.
AGRICULTURAL
Frota the American Agriculturist.
Sjsfcmtlc Agriculture. . 9
Agriculture is the art cf dermm frnm
the earth the most valualle criranic pro-
1 w w
auctions, lie wno esercises this art
seeks to obtain profit by causing to 'grow,
and by using-, its animal and f vegetable
productions. "The more considerable the
gain derived, therefore, the better is the
oojp.ci accompiisneu. ine most perfect
Agriculture is, evidently, that which pro-
J i
duces, by the application of labor, the
largest and the most permanent' profit in
comparison with the means employed.
Systematic Agriculture ought, then, to
teach us ali the circumstances by means
of which we may derive the most consid
erable profit ly the practice of the art.
Now there are three methods of teach
ing or of learning the practice of Agri
culture. "
1. As an occupation, by the manual ex
ercise of it. 2. As an art. 3. As a sci
ence. The skillful practice of Agriculture;
as an occupation, is limited to the imita
tion of certain operations, and the obser
vation of events and circumstances. It is
nothing more, when thus pursued, than-
a simple mechanical art : for the practi
cal farmer can only imitate and repeat
the ordinary operations of - Agriculture,
occasionally modified by times and cir
cumstances ; and often,, perhaps, without
considering or even knowing the motives
by which he is governed.
The art of Agriculture is the realiza
tion of some ideal object. He who prac
tices it has received from others, without
considering the reasons on which it is
founded, the idea or rule by which he
proceeds. The skillful practice of an art
consists, therefore, in the adoption of new
ideas, in the study of new rules, and in
judging of the fitness of their being car
ried into practice. -
The science of Agriculture does not
lay down aoy positive rules, but it devel
ops the motives by which the best possi
ble method cf proceeding may t e discov
ered and Fticccfuliy pursued.. In fact,
the art executes some law given and re
duced, but it is from science the law em
anates.
Science alone can be of universal util
ity, embrace the whole extent of a subject
and enable us to devise the best execution
of it under every possible circumstance.
Every positive direction is applicable on
ly to some determinate case, and each
case requires a special rule which science
alone can supply. That system of Agri
culture can only be called the most per
fect which is the most reasonable for
these are synonymous terms.
The manual exercise and study of tte
art can never be useless to the agricultu
rist who wishes to elevate it to the rank
of a science, and to the mental consider
ation of which it is deserving. It will be
advantageous to him to have experienced
the labor and the energy which are nec
essary, in order that he may judge of the
mechanical execution of the various por
tions of it. -
A purely practical agriculturist is com
pelled to follow the rule which has been
laid down for him, although it may not
be wholly applicable to the peculiar case
which presents itself, lie cannot depart
from it without adopting some other rule,
which may, perhaps, deviate entirely from
the first.
This is the reason that so many agri
culturists who have practiced with suc
cess, in other counties, and under other
circumstances,. on being removed else
where, have committed very deplorable
blucders.
Thus, the man who has not studied the
science or Agriculture can mate mue
use of books, or even the best of them.
He knows not how to arraDge the new
ideas which they unfold, and he cannot fol
io .v them in their fullest extent. All
that he dares to do 13 to read those books
which have the closest relation with the
circumstances in which he is placed.
BERKSHIRE SWINE, of unmixed
brotd, from different Utters, at low r.rioc. fr snlo.
WAI. J. PETTKE,
LakcviUe, Conn.
fall
When Shall Wc Break Prairie?
We answer, at anytime when the frost
is out of the ground. "Ah !" but that
won't do." Well, it will do every time,
if you will only use the right kind of a
plow, in the right way.
From the time that the grass makes a
vigorous growth and while it continues to
grow, prairie can be the most cheaply
broken up with a good sixteen inch prai
rie breaker, but should not be cut more
than three inches deep. At other sea
sons, or when the grass is in a state of
rest, use a double Michigan plow; set the
top plow so that it will cut an inch deep,
and the bottom plow two or two and a half
inches deeper.
We sowed spring Wheat on seven or
eight acres of prairie, broken up about
the first of March, in the Spring of 1859.
with the double Michigan, and replowed
in the Fall, and sowed last March.. We
now have the result: 23 bushels of the
first quality of Canadian Club to the
acre.
Our son had never sowed any grain
before, and in sowing the first four acres
put on less than a bushel to the acre, and
on the other three we bad him sow one
and a half bushels to the acre. It was
all sown beautifully even and came up
well, having been thoroughly put in and
rolled. On the three acres it was esti
mated that it turned out over thirty bush
els to the acre. It should be borne in
mind that on new land, spring wheat re
quires thick seeding, as it will not tiller
out so much as on old land, heaco the
thickness of the crop on the four acres.
which must have been less than twenty-
four bushels per acre.
Fawkes broke up four acres with his
steam plow in November, with common
breaking plows. Three acres of this
we sowed at the fame time, putting on
nearly two bushed of the seed to the
acre, and giving it a most thorough har
rowing. The result was a spindling
growth, not worth cutting, in fact, too
thin and light to cut at all. One acre
was sowed to the Black Tartarian Oats,
and a most vigorous grower, and the re
sult of that was ten luihels of oats!
We have now plowed up ail of this
stubble land, and find that of the March
breaking is in fine order, well rotted and
friable; that done with the common break
ing plow is but little rotted, full of gras3
and weeds, and required a breaking pLow
to turn it over, whereas the other was re
plowed the first time with a common plow
without the use of a coulter.
And the difference is easily explained;
when the grass is growing, by turning it
over, the turf or roots are wilted, not so
when in a-state of rest; but iu plowing
with the double Michigan - plow, the turf
is cut thin and rolled up like a scroll, so
that the frost and winds of winter and
of spring will kill out and dry the roots;
but when turned over with a common
plow, the turf rest3 on the ground, and
keeps the reversed turf from dying out,
and the roots are preserved in all their
vitality, and, ready to grow on the ap
proach of warm weather.
From our experience, we would rather
have prairie broken with the Michigan
plow in November or March, than with
the Common plow in June. And we are
now prepared to recommend Fall and
Spring breaking; but we want it distinct
ly understood that in 110 case is the break
ing to be over " three or four inches at
most. Because the Double Michigan
plow was intcr.dc'd for a deep tiller, it
does not follow ;hat it cannot be ucJ.as
we have described for a very different
purpose than inventor intended.
At the season for early and late break
ing, the laud Is usually wet, and the. work
is done much easier for the team. We
care not how wet, even if the water fol
lows in the new cut furrows the subse
quent frost will make it all right. We
have been asked if this early breaking
will answer for the small gram sown in
the spring soon after breaking. If done
in November, we think a fine crop of oats
could be grown, but the chance for spring
wheat would be rather uncertain. The
great advantage of this new order of
breaking, is to do it at a season of com
parative leisure, and when the weather
is cool and the team capable of doing a
large day's work certainly better than
in the heat of July, under a glowing
sun. We hope our readers will give the
subject their earnest attention, and prove
its truth or falsity. Cor. of Prairie Far
mer.
Valuable Fleeces.
A correspondent of the Ohio Farmer
sends the following in regard o the value
of fleeces of wool clipped in Ohio county
Virginia:
'Mr. P. Pearson bought in 1S56, sixty-six
Saxon ewes, from a flock that av
eraged about two and 1-3 pounds, wash
ed wool per head ; these ewes were bred
three years to a Silesian buck, bought of
J. E. Sission. This year, Mr. P. shear
ed from 175 sheep, 1, 2, and 3 years old,
from this cross, 625 pDundsof well wash
ed wool, an average of three and six
tenths pounds per head, and sold at CO
cen.3 per pound, making 82 17 per
fleece, showing an increase of one and a
fourth pounds by one cros3 with the Sile
sian. J. E. Sisson, shared 500 head,
mostly Silesian and crosses, which clipped
1,725 pounds clean wool, being nearly
four pounds per head, and brought 2 17
per fleece. This flock contains 7 bucks,
32 two year-old wethers, the other breed
ing ewes and yearlings. In this flock
are 40 pure Silesians, whose fleeces av
eraged 5 pounds of clean wool. Mr. S.
raised 206 larnbs. His flock numbered
at the last time of shearing twenty sheep
more than at the previous one ; the sales
of sheep and wool amounted to $2,000
Sheep Raising in Texas.
A great deal has" been written about
sheep raising in Texas. I send you the
results of my. last year's work in this
line, which, although not as flattering as
figures made heforehand, is more to be
relied upon. I will premise that the flock
were grade merinos and light shearing,
yielding not quite three to five pounds per
t ... - . a a
head had they been full blood the prof
it would have been greater. The valua
tion of the sheep might seem high to
some of your readers, but will not to
those who have driven sheep from Illi
nois and Ohio to Texas, and have sold
them at the rates given:
DB.
285 Ewes,
108 Lambs,
7 Bucks, at 525
Keeping one year,
Shearing, &c,
at S5 81,065
175
200
25
Total,
CR.
By 1335 lbs wood at 25 cts
2S0 Lambs at S3 50
82,365
343 75
080 00
Total S 1,3 13 75
From this SI80 should be deducted for
37 sheep that died, leaving 81,128 75,
jrivinr an interest an the investment and
expenses for one year, uf -17 per tent.
I think your readers will conclude, with
me, that sheep raising in Texas will pay
if managed with judgm'ent. - Cur. of
CiiocK journal.
From tbe Prairie Farmer.
Protection or Cattle In Winter.
Farmers shiver at the bare thought of
the wild animals cf our prairies lying
out durtng those intensely cold nights,
with the thermometer sinking, and al
ready far below zero. The rabbit, the
wolf, and the prairie chicken even.shart
in our liberal sympathies, while our less
fully naturally clad dotnesiic animals, can
drop down anywhere by the strnw stack
and none too wtdi filled up at that, without
sympathy..
The herds of the farmer represent the
increase of a portion of his capital, and
the time and care which he takes of them
quite clearly indicates his intelligence and
adaptation to business. That farmer who
winters an animal constantly lessening in
flesh, that he may realize its growth dur
ing six months of the year, is like the
man who would not let his boy go to
school when he wat young, fearing that he
would have noihing to learn when he be
came a man and went to college ; or he
is like a capitalist, willing to have his mo
ney decreased in amount one-fourth the
time, for want of care, because it brings
a remunerating profit the balance.
The growing of stock in Illinois is
highly profitable, whether for home or
distant markets, but.the subject of protec
tion from cold is one upon which we are
very, very negligent. I dare not give my
opinion as to the fraction of domestic ani
mals sheltered and cared for, as they
should be in Illinois and other western
States and Territories. The almost uni
versal excuse given is want of lumber;!
the real cause is the want -of desire, or!
will, for "where there is a will there is a
way."' '
Hovels construct J ( . v rie haywith
stone or straw; sides, arc to be had for a
small expense almost everywhere. Shel
ter is the great object, no matter if it is
'neath an humble roof, shelter from the
pelting storms, the relentless winds, and
mitigation of the effects of carbon con
suming cold.
Oh, ye who care for the herds of pri
riedom ! Where sleeps your conscience ?
Which forces creatures capable of mani
festing affection as well as returning
profit, to winter with no protection ex
cept the lee of an ill-shaped straw pile.
Shiver you selfish bipeds around your war
ming fire, when you feel the waring blast
shaking your cabin and the frost biting
your nasal extremity, over the unsympa-
thysing and frozen recesses of your own
heart. Look to it, that your own stock is
cared for those calves, those young
steers, and heifers, and cows protect
and feed them.
Mules s. Horses.
The prom'ment reasons for using mules
in teaming and farm labor in preference
to horses, are briefly explained by a cor
respondent of the Genesee Farmer:
They live to a much greater age ; a
mule has scarcely attained his natural
strength at twelve years, an age in which
horses have commenced rapid deterior
ation in value and usefulness: the aver
age life of the mule is about thirty years,
but often at forty they are known to per
form efficiently the most laborious servi
ces. A team of of mules will accomplish al
most the labor of horses with the consum
tion of one third less provinder. Within
the last few years mules have been ex
tensively introduced into the teaming op.
erations of the manufacturing district in
which I reside, and are universally con
sidered here more efficient and economi
cal than horses. Mules are subject to but
few diseases that prevail among horses.
Their hard skin and soft hair render them
less liable to be galled by the harness or
affected by cutaneous diseases.
They are said never to be infested by
vermin. The vision of the mule is much
more quick and distinct than that of the
horse, and, therefore they are less lia
ble to shy or become frightened. They
are sure-footed to a proverb. The mule
excels the horse and emulates the ox in
his steady and uniform efforts in labor.
It is objected to mules, that besides their
disagreeable braying they are obstinate
and slow, but these defects, I believe may
be overcome by gentleness and practice.
The breeding of these animals is a
subject worthy of serious and considerate
reflection of every farmer. It is evident
to my mind that mules may be bred with
less care and expense than horses, and
they will command a price nearly equal
to that of an ordinary horse, while the
demand for them is prompt and continu
ally increasing.
Keeping Uorses'Fcet In Order.
If I were asked to account for my hor
sest legs and feet being in better order
than those cf my neighbor, I should at
tribute it to the four following circum
stances: First, that they are all shod with
few nails, so placed in the shoe as to per
mit the foot to expand every time they
move ; second, that they all live in boxes
instead of stalls, and can move wherever
they please; third, that they have two
hours daily walking exercise when they
are not at work ; and fourth that I have
not a hand-stall or track-chain in my stall.
These four circumstances comprehend the
whole mystery of keeping horses' legs
fine, and their feet in good working con
dition up to a good old age.
t
To drive away ants put leaves cf sweet
elder where the ants come, and they will
soon disappear.
Barn Yard Manure.
The following is a condensation cf tho
opinions of Dr. Cameron, at th Irish Ag
ricultural Review, expressed at a late
meeting of the Dublin Chemical Society:
1st. Farm yard manure, when applied
in sufficient quantity, is the best inanun?
which can be employed alone, inani:ch
as it contains all the elements requiredto
nourish every kind of cultivated plant.
2. A mixturo of farnvyard manure and
superphosphate of lime or ptiano, formed
the best fertilizer that could be employed
fcr every kind of crop, but more especial
ly turnips, and rcot crops generally: The
farm-yard manure supplies all the ele
ments of the food and plants, and by its
decay in the soil causes the latter to have
a higher temperature than it would have
if manured with guano or super-phohate
of lime alone. The artificial manure was
a valuable auxilary to the naturti!; it con
tributed one, and sometimes two, and
three ingredients of the food of plants;
but it was especially useful aj a means cf
forcing the young plants cut cf reash cf
the fly.
3. Whilst Peruvian guano, in combin
ation with super-phosphates of lime, or
farm-yard manure, was a' most valuable
adjunct, yet its continued use, per se, would
be attended with injurious resulti, and for
the following reason:
Peruvian gu-mo contained a verylargs
proportion of ammonbele matter in rela
tion to the amount of pho?phste of lime
found in it. This ammoniacal matter ac
ted as a solvent upon certain constituents
of the soil, and rendered them available
for the purpose cf vegetable nuitrition
much sooner than would be the case if no
tributed. itself, to the food of plants,, but
enabled the plants to draw (so to speak)
in advance upon the resources cf the soil,
which, if they did not exist in creat abun
dance, would speedily be exhi3ted under
the slimulatim influence ot the uano.
In limine the effects of tho prolonged
use of Peruvian guano may justly be com
pared to those produced by the adoption
of the Tullian or Lois-Weedon system of
tillage. In both cases the soil will roon-
er or later be exhausted of its store cf fer
tilizing matters.
4ih. Phosphate manures, such as super
phosphate of lime, and even such asphes-pho-Peruvian
guano, which contained a
moderate proportion of nitrogenous mat
ters, exerted but little solvent action upon
the fertilizing constituents of the soil.
The effects, therefore, which much man
ures were observed to produce in the de
velopement of plants, might be attributed
solely to the nutriment afforded by these
manures, and not to the intervention be
tween the plant and the soil
He reccommended the empolyment of
the natural and artificial manures in con
junction, and stated that the results of his
own observation led him to reccommend a
mixture of two parts of suner-nhosrhate
. - a
of lime and one of Peruvian guano, in
preference to the use of guano alone; and
this mixture might with advantage be em
ployed for every variety cf crop. Scien
tific American.
To Destroy Insects in Grain.
Grain i3 sometimes subject to depreda
tions from the flying wevil or grey moth
which develops and mature in the heart,
of the grain, and which imparts consid
ereble heat to the bulk of the grain.
The heat is equal to or above blood heat.
Grain infested with this insect is easily
detected on thrusting the hand into body
of the grain, by means of the heat of the
mass. Another insect is sometimes found
m the granaries and in the mills that
depredate on the stored grain.
In France large quantities of grain
are stored up against the time of scarci
ty, and in order to protect it from depre
dations of insects that 1 pray upon it com
missioners have been appointed to exam
ine into the means of destroying them,
who have reported that a small quantity
of chloroform or sulphuretted carbon put
into the interior of the grain pit (which
13 usually in the ground, and when her
metrically sealed up, will destrty all the
pest3. About 75 grains of Sulphuret of
carbon are sufficient fos about four bush
elc of the grain. Grain put up in rail
pen3, as 13 the custom in the West, may
be treated with equal success with this
agent by covering the heap with a tar
paulin or close woven cloth.
The "jupon multiple" is the name of
the latest invented Paris petticoat. It
does away with hoops and crinoline;
"supporting itself by the harmonious and
inteligent disposition cf the waves cf
muslin of which it is composed." It can
be modified' or increased at pleaiure.
Several nice young gentlemen went to
the residence of damsel to give her a ser
enade. After ome time the servant
stepped out, and walking up to the
harpist exclaimed: "My friend, the folks
are all abed; you cant get a cent here
to-night!"
It is stated that a French savant and
travder of reputation denies altogether
that the remains discovered by Mr, La
yard and now in the British Museum
have, any thing to do with Ninever.
His p roof will be looked for.
To destroy Pin Worms in! ones, mix
a gill of clean wood ashes with cut feed,
and give the horse every other day cce
feed for a week, and watch the re?ult.
If you observe small white streaks about
the anus, continue the doses a week longer.