tCud Etory Etriclder' Eloc'ilaia Ltrcet,
- 'jf 5 : 5 iU'e c r ..ft r.tontti 2 10
I c.jt cf 12 ff wore ill le l..rr.hi,e-J tt $1 5 rer
1 tnr.r.ra, pr&vl.ie.J ttecasfc aejo:ariX.U tte order, sot
tttr'6. . . . . .,
i . . . .
I Jf - V ' ,
- f . ? t
V
V
;W
7
jr.;
- - 4
'"ftfe 'to Tern4 cna TIato AILJIicirXcncsnestitnllonfln
. !WW'HKWS.W Wt!BMr WWW--.
i
t i .
, i i .J ,
'in-
C :. . . .
O.ie four
Oae b j ? '! -One
eist.i Co!-.
Oaetourta C
( )
'? Hi .
fOL.-lV.,'::'
BEOWICVILt
TRIJSSDAYv JULY'S,. 1860i:
'BUSIHESS CARDS.
3. 8. KIDFOED
i ! ' ZQHWZQIT Cz BEDFORD,
: i ATT0E1T"YB'AT LAW,
SOLICITORS IN CHANCERY, s
J . ' 'Corr'-r rirrt xnd lleia Etreets,
I Hroraviilc, - - -'..Nebraska
v k. ' D. HI.
c
rtetit and
' J
,!arj- Public.
Co.. .V. T.
X B. WESTON, "
'A-77-iIRtIEV 'AT: tA V-,
. BrawnTille, ITebraaTct,.
t5"5Sceoa Kain Street, one door above tie Post
Office- ....
fciwuviile, Crcernber 1, 1659.
,h: JAMES W GIBSON,
BLACKSMITH
f t
t. between !a!nitid Nebraska,
v I u i-i j.j . . i
. -IDRi pVVGWIN;'
Having permanently located in
BROWN VILLE, NEBRASKA,
ForlteTrtStlee t lUiirAnK and Burgrrj, ten
Jrt Ki prcfeoBs sefricsto tho aSicted. "
p5ce .on Mav Street.,. , r , n , ,no23y?: s
-A. S.-JIQ ILADA , , MrD. ' '
BeFpfeclfnllyJb-'ormsliui rrieVnV Itt "rorivnie nd
mtneitte vicinity tJ-.athe hag resumed the practice of
.llctliciuc, SiuscrTt & Obstetrics,
nd bopen.by strict ttentlon to hi profession, to receive
ll cke-w-Ueret i pot.WblPr exreiient, a prescription
i iutintnitfch;n.- office at City fcru Store. -I
t" ! . Jt. a5.1y. - . . i , : '
TnuTlO oTlKSOli-, li p., ..;
! PiitSICUN AND SURGEON,
. office t TJ'.O.Jtibason'i taw Office, '
J Tirst Street, between Main and "Vftter,
1 nRowxynxr, i:iiiiasil.i.
i ...... ,.N RW-BJUVP E R S , . .
Of every 'description, for sale at
SCHIITZ-DEUSER'S
literaf
" t50UKi-IV4 ...... ,
nnowir- :r.r.--, ::. r.
Sept, 22d, 1859. i , '
if it .i si i
Announces tHt t
East a ci.fa.12vwit
I a. ; ft t
i J " .i .
titi just r
jti cf x r.: ; .
clrej frcatia
MILLINERY GOODS
SfRAV,V'.:,V QUENCH CHIP, ' '
GDIP
; I.e reliant Tailcr,.-'
" JACOIJ .mARHOI
. at li. . . nt...i. .
BR.O.T7:IT:YJLIiS,-
14.
T.
Adopts this metiod cf returning thacks to the
gentlemen tf tliis Ticinity. for the lit cial 'patron-
i :;e lestewcd x". cn mm heretofore, and to anaoscee
u at lie iii3 just returnea Ircra fct. lioais fnvx a ...
r.
i. V
:giiot
GIIAI
McGafyHewett &4Tli6mas,
ATTORNEYS AT LAW ,
'AND
SOLICITORS W CHANCERY,
Will practfre In the Conrta of Kebrsti,nd North
eit Missouri.
prro,VcCreai'y C., fiti totJlt.Me.'
Eon. Jamet M. Hugba,
II an. John K. Sbeply,
Hon. JaroPCrtiit,
Hod. SUub Woodson, 1
Hon. Samuel W. Black,
SWectSt Cff.
R. W. Furnaa
Do
. Do
. -,'r r St. Joseph, Jfo.
' ': ' ' ' Do '
Nebraska City,N.T.
Do
BrownTllle
Brownrllle, N. T. Oct. SSISSS.
vlnlB
T-I Ci TMTTMnV
! A T T 0 R N E Y A T - LA W ,
. - a t-.kr1 Tnlirial
! wrtl. practice in the aeverai ivoutib . -
tr.8Uict, ana auetio ioiu w" , . T . . T st
; FrUon. WM. McLEKNAH. EMi-.of City,
j will assist me in the prosecution ol imporUntSuita .
D.
A. ''.C a X S'T.'A B LE .
t ian ntn.tR IK
IRONi: : STEEL, . NAILS,'
CASINGS, SPRINGS. AXLES, FILES
j .' X3:31a 31a O "VT CI ,
5 A ;c k s ur it ; st 6 o l s
! AlsS" i'Ms, ;'Spokcsii. and Bent Stuff.
' Third Street, ketwctnFetx andEdmond,
SAINT . JOSEPH, MO.
5 rhlcj. he fells at St. Louis price for cash,
i HlFbe t Trice Paid for Scrap Iron.
I Peofmmrt tfeaa-tr-
' KINNEY & HOLLY, I
ATTORNEYS' AT: LAW,
I Will practicein the Courts of this 'Territory. Co'lec
ion and criminal business attended to throuabou
rka, Western Iowa and Missouri. Will uttn d the
,.arti at BrownviUe. Tansa-em
I
Altl MTDD
" City "BuiWinse,
UIXT, L0UI3. - . - ;, - JIISSOUBI.
3irpO & nOLLADAT, ;
I Ko. 140, Pearl" Street,
Produce and Commission
j . izf :ri o rz l'v o .
I Powell, Levy &. Lemon, - - St. Joseph,
i Tootle t Faricigh, - (
T. h. 3. Ciira - : - - - - f
, Kave, McGrd&.Co., : - -
' - ixmnel fiaattua " '
S7-6m
Sonora Island Ahead of the World 1 1
LOOK HERE! LOOK HERE!
i;mmqjj.tJrji;jgtESi!
Ibe underf'rned takes tbis taetbod of informing
Waizens el Stmih County, end the rest of rsan
iiodthathe has,a-id will ktep on band a superior
atof Cottonwood Fhinslen. which he win sellcheap
. . ... -w-v rn r
FOR -CAbli Ull i'KUULLL,
IT'm Shin'.e M:vcbine is on the Sonera Island, near
Island nw Mill, where he mj be found when he
' not absent f.n prcTessional business, tiira bim a
4 end he will gire-Ton eti?fartion. " '
i April 12.1C10. (Cm) MF.1UDITII IIEL Y.
. T. !I. TALC 0 IT,
DENTAL SURGEON,
faring located Urase.f in BrownTille, N. T., tea
J 4'd jobs; rrfi3tsi:; , -lie:'.)
r Trench Flowers, Stm.fr Tri'.u'..;-,-'. ribbon 1,'u'la
To which Eli8 Invittsthe attention cf tLe Ladies of
BrcwovUIe arid Vict at fy, feclii. 5 fcj rafed y clxxoi
he better iuif I in t; le, uaLtj cr wk..
April 12,1800- " ' ' ' ' ' '
. JIOXDY ADVANCED ON
PIItESrS PEAK GOLD!
.THwlll receive -.piSe'e Peek Hold. and advance
xnotey .f.pon the same, aud pay pvtr baiaice of procoe Is
as Koon as Mint returns are had. In allcaes, we will
exhibit the printed returns of the United Statea Mint,
or Assay office.' ' . .' :.""'''"'.' A.
AND EXCHANGE BROilEHS
BRO WNV1LLE, KEBRASKA. t i ii
V" ; : ' - ' v no80v4
Clocksr.a(clies &; Jewelty.
j'.; SCH1TTZ ,.,f.r
'f TTould anaouncetb thecitizens of Brdwurllle
YS and yicinity that he" baa located himself in
k.u BrownviUe, andintends keeping a full assort.
Uftjeui vf ererTthlTK in bis lrnet)f btisinesr. which, will
te sold low for cash. Ilewillalsodo all kinds Of re
pairing ol clacke, watches and Jewelry. All werk war
ranted. v3nl81y
i-
CITY LIVE ny ST ADLE
itrar- rrccir,T T ' v - . ...
8HO7fVILLE. IX. T-. ... ??
: Announces to the public tb&t tela prepared to aceom
modatethoge wiihlngwith CatTiapes and Buggies; to
gether with good safe horees, feTcomfortand ease in tra
vellirig. Be willalso board horses by the day, week or
month.
June 10, '63.' 60tf , ,
1859.
UAXXIDA
E5
1859.
ST. JOSEPH II. It.
- j r FALL AKRAXGEMEXT3.
MpTBirg frsli lenteii St. Jase.jh at
Evening Train leaves " Co do -
St. Joseph is reached by ih "Westers
j '6:00
- '6:4T
e Line.
Passer'crs save time and tiresome rsf in? I y thifi-cute.
Dailf connection ma(Te' at Hannibal with aliSastern
nd Southern Hailfoads aJidFacketa. ! " ' j f;'. 'i
x- OHARTEU- OAK- i l'
fncorporaied'ty tW Slate of Co'nnedlcuh
Capital Stock $00,000.
; 'WithUrgtandinereai'ingFurplureeeipt,eecnre.
! InTested under the sanction and approval of the
Comptroller of Fublie Acconnts. .
OFFICERS AN1 DIRECTORS 1
J JAMES C; WALKLT5T, President.
' ' JOHN L. fiUSCE, Vice President.
ELIAS GILL. Secretarj. ,
I E.D. DIC JiEBMAN, General Agent.
. 33IRECTOR3:
Alfred GilL, Daniel Phillips, JonnL.Bance,
R. Blodget, ' J. A.Bntler,
N.Wheaton. Bam. Coit,
E. D.Dickerman
Kelson Hollister,
James C. Walkley.
S. B.BeTesford.M D, Consulting riijsidan. .
A. 8. IIolldaT,M v, flieaieai r.xaroiner.
lioations received by R. W. FURXAS. Ar't;
Urown-eiue, j. 1.
Application
nS-tf .
, FRANKLIN
TYPE ci STEREOTYPE FCU!!D3V
Ko. 163 Vine St..bet. Tourthana Fiftt,
- CirtclKiislI, 0.
-' C.T. 0?pttISOIA & CO !:rif
Mannfacturemand dealen in,Newi,Bookatd Job
Type, Printing IVessce.Casw.Gallieg.Ac, Ac.
Ink?, and Kintinir Material 'of Every Description,
STEIlKOTYriNG of alltind Books, Id usio.
PatectMedicuie Direction eJobs.Wood Engrerings,
Brand an3 Pattern-Letters, various styles,
SAINT JOSEPH
jJemde Ooilege,
r:S7 JOSEPH, JIQ.
WILLIA1I CAUEKOIT, A. II., Principal.
. Completely organised as arlrstclassPe!naleBoaTdiri
and DayScbool. Kumbtr limited to I2A. including 25
boarders. Scholastic year commencing first Monday in
September. For Catalogues, with fall particular,ad
dress the Princirl. , . ...
August 4th, 1:9.. , . , Ttf
Mrs. Hendgen & Miss Lusk,
' IIILLINr.S AND DI1ES3 UAKElS,i
First Street, bet. Main. and Water,
BUOWNVILI.E, NEBRASKA,
Bonnets, Htod-Drtsses and Trimming ateayionhand
Hc-utGP'G-IZouge
jonN ii'iiECiiAjr pnorniixon,
Comer of Fourtli ar.d Cora. Street,
3NTol3xr a.mJx.a. CT.y, TCo"to-
Lawton KlncIilicrtT.
To obtain tlie oripaial vaiiet;r f r pardeu. or field cul.
ture, or circulars with directious d J',r i
, ., ... New lioLiielie, N T
Tint
.: .Li.V -jjijfc ilw'
n t ft. -7
in h
U U 11 i J 11
0 n
Xi Jo
T TT- ' "; i 1
. 'J- Zm f ' 17, '. .
COUNCIL HLUFFS,. IOWA,
iter n, , , .: ''
FRESH STOCIi
Cf ereff article of
" ' .. .' " Consiiitlrj cf
: :f I NE yc L 0 T HS:
CpTTOjr, LiNNEiT ' akd Silk , Goods,
" , , TOR MEN'S TTEAR. ' '
Woo' - Cotton, and ii.Uk Undersbirte, drawers,
Vestir; , Jalf Dose, Sufpenders, Ac. In short, eT
ery thing a gentleman could desire ta array himself
in the gayest attire, lie wuiseiitnegooas, ornoaKe
suits to order in a style equal to any other House
usy where, He asks but a examination cf bis goods
end work. .. ....
-' : ' - 2!Jel.r5fa
Correspond with 'the Present ilard
limes.
April 12, 1R60.
MORTON HOUSE,
" main street,' '
KEnriASIIA CITY, ; keehasea.
. T. I. GODDIN, Proprietor.
September, 29, 1859. . . . tf.
- Published March 17th, .'. .,
inciter Kew ''Work.by -the Distinguished
,. . American Authoress,
E5I3IA I. E. X. SOUTIIWORTH.
. With an autobiography of the author, by Mrs. Emma
D. K. N. Socthwobth, Author of the Lost Heiress,
Deserted Wife, Aiis&ing Eride, India. Wife's Victory,
Retribution, Cursof Ciifton, Vlvia, The Three Bean
ties. LJy of the Isle, etc.-
Corr.v'.etoinone large duodeciinovolutne.ne&tlybonnd
In cloUi, for one dollar and twenty-five cents, or in two
volumes, paper cover for one dollar. . . . ' .
SAVE YOUR MONEY AND GO TO
wm: T- DEN,
in mm OAKER.
Wholesale and ltetail dealer in
BOOTS AND SHOES .
-BrownvilksN.T. ur
HAS KOW'o'l HAfE a larpe andwell select
T" 1 ed stock of Boots ard Shoes, Lady'r andGent.'s
!:.-"AGRICl!
, fiVotn the Jfortk C. 1
;TKe two. leading cf;
vtow ia ths; culture :
same.- as tLc:3 rr.ci.:.
with the culture cf 'ci
grass musf be kept t!o
must' bd kept neilo :
culture should be, t
after planting' 3 po.
constailtly u- til 'the. i
for" its' continuance; .
two after j anting, lbs
cf 1 the bills may becori :
Fy in cldy soils ; alao, j r
may tiegin to niake thIr ,
In eithpr case' the hot
to scrape dovva the i t 'l :.
A' clean, loose surface
ed around . the pla'nti . 'I..
followed by a'deep.pU tlr.
fce made so close- to
down a considerable' jj" k.
the mould being thro fc
er.l
between the rows. G:X",
of guano and salt, sho:d C.
By subsequent plowihj
two,' the soil should bt tLrc
io the roVvs, and the -h".h
up with the hoes,!.'Tte' L
used must - be determiq d I ;
t6r and' condition 'of t'i; t
soil, the 'coulter iL:uld::, ; '
as- great a depth as- p. -.'XI
shoyel, or small mo.ildljt a: 1,
the earth to and fr.rntbo IX:
the best meana should I a 1
complishing the t'o etc;::
tionedr '' - ;
Phimino aitd Tcppir
plant ; has grown to ihs I'
three feet, a' round bud.w..;;
pearance in the centre if xl
is 'the 'jiowet' bu&i arid h c:V.
ton" in some parts of " rVir , . ..
period of '- growth, seme c ;
leaves should be- pulpc c, .
the staik naked for five cr ti
the ''ground.' 1 Ihe . stripping
. 3 kept ia
. are the
.nncction
veeds and
. ihe ground
:i(ed.,TLe'
i . as' soon
I kept up
'oojnrgo'
week or
:he surface
. " cspec.il
. 1 ' weeds
; iarance.
I l applied.
c: ;ne hiils.
.3 be form
!iould be
. h Should
: 3 tO CUt
! the hills,
;; :j spaces
r 1 mixture
I j applied,
i s. veek: ot
:i tip again
: 1 dressed
i of plow
s. charac
To a firm
' rpplied to'
; then i 'the.
: r hrowihg
In short,
1 for ac
l:te men
. . I ' " ' ' 1
hen " the
; two or
.3 its ap
: .nt. Thi
1 he "but
i. At this
t::3 lower
- to leaye
J-Cis above
of ' these
lower leaves is called upriming., 'i At the
same time that the priming is done, the
flower-bud is broken or nipped 'olf-with
the thumb and finger. - If the plant is
suSdentty iara-e, it may be topped before
the flower-bud appears, -by nipping out
8 .; t..?;...i;. -e .
roirnTl!le, June 2d, '69.
:..,r le.
ntSjf-
AIlBOICAWhEOinSS;
3KToit7" Hotel '"
lit
BROWN VILLE;1 KEBRASltil.
P. J. HENDGEN, ;
! llereby notifies the public that be has purchased the
Nebraska House in Brown!le,N. T., formerly kept by
T. J. Edwards, and haa Teraodeled, Tenoyated and enti
rely chansed the vbole house, from cellar to garret,
withan especial Tie" to neatness, comfort and conve
nience. Having had many years experience as a hotel
keeper.be feels safe in warrantingtheboardlng patron
age of Brownvil le, and the traveling public, that, while
at the American, they will have no reason to complaia
of the fare In any respect. , .
The Hotel Is situated immediately at the Steamboat
Landing, foot of Main street, and consequently affords
peculiar advantages to the traveling community.', The
proprietor aska but to be tried, and if not found worthy,
discarded. - ' --.-,. . ,
January, IS ,185?. ,23-tt ; . ; ,'
liEi.lAHA LAUD AGEflT, :
SrRVEYOIl i rotary riiiixic,
Wlllselect lands; lnve?t5pte titles, paytaxes, &c.,
either in Kansas or Kebraska buy, sell, and enter
landson commission; invent in town property, bay or
eell the samek and will always have on handcorrect
plats of townships, counties, icC. , showing alllandf-BUb-Ject
to entry, and where desired will furnish parties liv
InKin the states with tbesarne.
Being the oldest settler in the county will in all
cases be able to give full and reliable Information.'- ,
Address A. L. Coate.eitherat BrownviUe or Nemaha
City.NebrasiaTerfitory. . '. 6m-!2-v2
The Nebraska FarmerV
16 PAGES QUARTO MONTIILT.
SUKSCRIDD FOR IT
7l is th e only Jovri fat devoted exclusively
tQiticAgricuIturciI'an(t Educational infe-
rests of Nebraska, , Kansas, Northern
Missouri and Southern Iowa.
, -f - Tatrsr it. .ic3L it--. . ' I
' Fcrar; Copies, "3 months for SI., ,
Twenty Copies, 1 year S15
1 - r One Copy, 1 year . -., $V y
Address,'
FURNAS fc LYANNA,
BroDntille, Nebraska.
THE
NEMAHA CITY, NEBRASKA.
The proprietor returns, thanks for the generous
patronare thus far extended bim, and bopes by re
iCTfred eortS td me4t increased favors. . ; t '
' -. Farmers and OtSicrs - -
Will do woilto nave tbeir grain in as eoon as possi
ble, as spring freshet will soon be npou ns, when
more than like'y it will be impossible to run the
mill for eerernl weeks. - - . ,
Meal and Flour of Superior Quality
. Constantly: on. Hand. ''.-'.
We will pay 75 cents cash for wheat.
Feb-22, 186U, J. O. MELVIN.
! 5-. i
m 1 .n.niim it mS
Peru Chair Factory,
'"' AMD : '
The undersijjmed, having purchased the Chair and
Cabinet shop lately owned b T. H. Marshall, take his
metbud of informing the public that they are now pre
pared tofiU orders for all- kinds of furnituie, such as
Chairs, tables, stands, bedstead, bureaus, 6ares, cribs,
cradles, lounges, etc., etc., either at wholesale or re
tail) as choap a can -Id boegbt at any otber establish
mcnt in the west. The best of cof3n lurcher and trim
mings constaotly on band, v.hich will, enable us to fill
orders for coffins at short notice.
We have attached to our whop a good Horse Power and
Turning Lathe, and we are prepared to do any descrip
tion of turning from a. Chair leg up to a Sugar Mill. .
- .Chairs and Furniture of all kinds repaired ia the best
s-tjie. ; :. . V i " ' ' ". ' , : '
N. B . Corn, Wh eat, Plour, Dry Gowls, Groceries, Luni
ber and prodnee o a.! I kinds, Money not excepted ta
Iren in exchange' for work cr goods. We hope t y strict
attention to business to merit a share of public patron
age.' ' !f BJIKEDICT.it EL1S3. .
, Pert, Kehraska, Kovember 2, 1859 . , . ,
: . - k . . .... v ,'..-. . .. .
1 - 1
it. 1
ID
V
;j 1; ... .
fcr r.anu
" rci - for
f r r-. i. -
f.-, re ,.. - If- f -n Jni
ward and the land rich, td f.r..,r prime off
just enbugh'of leavei to hr.1 u j the tobac
co well, and top to 11 or 11 haves.. Con
tinue to top to 12: leases until lit' of Au
gust, then to 10 until inlduie cf August,
and from that time fcntil 1st cf Septem
ber top to 8, afterwards to 8." if the
topping,, were omitted, , the ower-bud
would soon.be developed into a branching
top, fall Of clusters of i'cver3, from which
the seeds. are afterwards proceed; ''"
S u cxe n nx g.S 00 1
;.e topping
is done, the axillary I . s at i ! 3 bases of
the leaves begin to
let - alorieV from br. .
stalk. ... They are cat
must be broken but "f
large enough-to be cxk
and finger. - -This pre:
pVated f rom time to ti... j
make their appearand,
trreen . worm will 1.
Sy, and. if
the main
rs," and
0 t r they are
Xvi ..'. l-he. thumb
las to be re
, hi new suckers
.Meantime the
uenced its
ravages; and. must. b'J artii:iiy "picked, off
and destroyed ' pthsrvnv it ;. will soon
disflfiure and greatly injure the crop.
The philosophy of prirnir.g', topping and
siickeriDgJs easily Icderitoi,hi; when we
refef to What; has already tceri said ,on
the physiology of plants. ' All: parts : of
the plant are designed to aid in its mature
growth, and ultimate prodacsion of seeds.
As the period appri; 1 L33' f or maturing
the seedsi ' nearly all .the vital energy of
the various -organs seen directed
towards, and expended rpn them. If
the first flower is rcrnovcd, the riatural
vifror of the plant .is. r.:t destroyed, but
only diverted towards t:. have axilary
buds, 11 s'trensrthemn';?
causing the latter to r
But when the suckers
whole vigor of r the -j 1
in the remainingleav
most perfect leases i
off" those nearest 1'
not only would not V "
vigorous growth, 6u :
air and light too mvc!. :
leaves of the plant3,
the most vigorous. r,
left in topping is detorrv
the apparent istrenfrh c:
th 3 former; and
in part by the length c
maturing its leaves.:;
plants have a longir- ' .
after topping, and cwmI.c-:.
er number of leavr ; "
ones must.be topped Inve
The maturity of t1 ? j !
quent fitness for c .
the points and -edges
ing downward, the 1.
and brittle.' and it?
yellowish spotted (y'X
in some variety, ai.l c
pecially in new larJ; ;
appearance in ctl.
the plant contains c "
dienls which subsc y
it, than at any per;. i
later. It should th-r. "
then unless it h le:.
immediate danger ; S. .
consists in splitting i
r t'p as suckers.
: i removed, the
.i3 concentrated
A choice of the
'5 by'" priming
rth, and which
-.-.'es attain a
; ciclude the
;he middle
..re '.always
T.of leaves'
i in part by
3 plant, and
? ; it has for
::ie forward
n . cf srro-th
air a great
the latter
.t 1
1:
t::a
-
t
and cense--'
indicated by
leaves curd
ling, thick
assuming a1
r ppearance
?t soils, ea
1 line glossy
this, stage,
ose
mrrre-
The -Black Fire" is
destructiva to the tobacc
spots over the lcares.
-with gaaDO is recommer
ZawWfy Hay, 1853..,
id' value to
: earlier or
and cot till
d. or is in
The cutting
Itha sharp,
a u often very
duces decayed
f eammon alt
'is tire. South.
inin-ciaaoa k.Aie, down nearly to the
lowest leaf; and then-cutting it eff iu
below this leaf.' As the rlants are cut,
thr, ire' inverted -betwecp the hills, and
anowed'.to remain ia that ' position a few
hours, until they are sufaciently wilted to
cenaniied. without being broken. 'They
are then collected and placed (8 orr 10
K-geuier 1 upon stocks, and fcunr upon
scaffold the open air, or in the tobacco
tarn. ; , " ' " - :
uniNo.- auq process ci cunr;r is a
d.2p'ecd. to' a very great extent, the
market value . of the crop. It should,
trierexore, be attended to with cteat care.
The modes adopted vary somewhat with
trie enas lor whicn tnecrop is designed.
'Tobacco for manufacturing tsurnoses
snooid be exposed to the air on scaolds ;
and if ripe and "sun-cured., it will have
that sweet and aromatic flavor so peculiar
to good : tobacco. - n - After.
cutting, It should be carried to the scaffold
fcr - the -purpose of sweating,- by which
prodess the' green color ii expelled, and
tbe-tobacco becomes yellow,- which is far
preferable.'! It should then be removed
to the barn, to be fully cured, -; 'If time
will allow, and the weather is not threat
ening,'! j : refer housing the tobacco with
out scaffolding'. It will yellow as well,
crowded' in the barn, as on the scaffold ;'
and all. danger from rain is "avoided, as
well as the loss of some by the effects of
the sun. ; It -is-carried from
the field, crowded as closely as "possible
onM the tiers, and permitted lo remain
from' 6 to 8 davs. or lon?er. until it is
yellowed sufficiently; then it should be
opened, and ''the sticks arranged, in the
barn for firing. The . sticks should be
placed 6 to 8 inches apart, and may be
placed a little closer together in the roof
than in the; body of the barn. - ''," -;
CnkMisTRT.- During the. "process of
curing,, tobacoo; undergoes - 'important
chemical ' changes,'' Its peculiar proper
ties are owing to the presence of several
remarkable .compounds, of which -one
called '"'nicotine,"-' and another called
"iticotiariihe," are most - remarkatle.
JVicofme is an alkaline substance, and has
the form of an oily liquid when separated
from other 'compounds.- In its concen
trated form", it'js'a-most 'dcadlv-Ddison ;
in - . , . ...
but when t-J:on m-'t
the : proper cor.citioh
rlatf 3rn eitended
barn. This is called
tops cf the, plant:
U cf
r. r- f
Alk4 , -
at -
1 t 1 m
i
: x c
ei
-4 .
3, the
"d cu;-
ih-n be
t pi rr
ur.t.i it
which is
r- is
1
r
1 1 1
i-i'
...1 ..
... - . U.
eacli ether m t
lower end cf t1 1 stalks toir.g t
ward.: ' Thy v.lc-le rs.ts3 v-:
covered with straw, cr r " .1:
which will preserve it i
can be conveniently "stripped,
gen';:-a.iy al tiaiss when tt
cnf&vcnbls for c'-f -'.t vziit
care, and judgment. It should th:rc::re,
be the business t the most experienced
and trustworthy hands. It 13 accomplish
ed chiefly during the process of stripping,
but may be made more complete by the
hands engaged in-tying, attending pro
perly to the sorting out of such leaves as
do not properly belong to the a ualny upon
which, they are engaged. Tha number
01 grades or qualities must le determined
by tho purpose. "f of which ( the. crop is de
signed. Where the. only object i' to
mak? the dark shipping tobacco, the L-jst
leaves are assorted, according to size and
quantity," into first and 'second quality of
leaf;" whila the lower leaves cf the
stalks, together;with any others that may
be injured or ragged, form first and second
qualities .of. "luggs.V
Tf the crop is designed for the manu
facturer,' the color, a3 well as other qual
ities, must be takeninto account. The
dark and - yellow colors must be first
separated into two general classes,, and
then each of these'again assorted accord
ing to their ."qualities." ' 4
When the assorting and tying Lave
been completed, the bundles should bd
"bulked down," unless the stems are found
to contain so much moisture as to be in
danger cf moulding.: ; It; should then be
hung up on the sticks, and dried.. It is
always thoroughly dried before prizing.
Then, at tht first favorable trine before
prizing, it should' bq again packed dorm
in btilk. -The' bundles should be careful
ly straightened in packing down ;' and,
when it is afterwards transferred to the
hogsheads, the same, or still greater care,
should be' taken to have every -leaf
straight, and in j'ts proper - place. . The
hogsheadVu'sually contain about 1300 or
1400 pounds"" - ' 1 '' ' ': " ""'' ' !
Vie l.rr; to fall 1
tryjn c r .! ; r to -;t ; r
: ? in tha ?rr:-:-. It h
t;ce to harrow err. In in
1 r - -
Lut 1.. i i.arrj'.v ,...
5 cn v. 1.2 c
.;m - 1 t
cuitivat;
scs, and
to t!
. -5
'1
3U
csr
ever tr.
t.
- i l.L ..1 . u i
eut qualities of tobacco cultivated in the
different' . Countries. The , 'Havana ihas
about 2 per cent of nicotine,' hence its
mildness. - Virginia best manufacturing)
tobacco Jias d or 6 per centr while the
stronger vanetieshave about 7 per cent.
The French tobacco has from 3 to 8 per
cent of nicotine,' according to i the region
in which it grows. -.Nicotianirie 3 a. more
volatile substance -than' nicotine, and is
mere odoriferous, r, The pleasant odor of
good tobacco : is duej to ;this . compound
chiefly., y,..-;. ;, ..;;' .J,!., : ; ;. '
I Xhe; nicotine, and nicotiam ne do not ex
ist; in-'the green .leaf,, but , are formed
during: 'the; curing of the r tobacco, . from
suljstance? already in the plant invariable
quantities; If . the leaves are dried very
rapidly, these compounds aTe, not fully
formed ; and (if the: heat is raised .too
high "in firing, they may both': disappear
to some extent, by being either yolatiiied
or decomposed. -;. They both contain nit
fogedandlike all other cotnpounds con
taining that element, are readily decom
posed. .'Hence the firing should be com
menced af? a low; temperature, . which
should be. gradually "increased, and may
be ladvantageously suspended at right.
The temperature should never rise above
120c
-v Tobacco-barns should be closely plank
ecli ox ; in' some ay : m?4e. close, haying
windows for; ven.tilau02.it which may be
opened1 or closed at! 'pleasure, t Smaller,
anu hence safer, fires, will be sufficient in
such houses.' ' Curihg yellow tobacco with
charcoal at a high temperature,' kept , up
day and night, is recommended. , ,
v .vlt is best to fire all grades of shipping
tobacco, and cure it a datk nutmeg color.
,, ; From 24 to 35 hours after cuttipg,
if the tobacco is ripe if not, from. 36 to
48 . hours, according . to the. weather
see.nia to be about the right time to com
mence firing.;,. Begin with small fires,
and . bring the tobapco to a .proper state,
and then; increase the fires.?' ; .
. , Stbippinc, &c. After the' tobacco has
been fully cured, the next step'is to strip
the leaves frohV the stalks, and tie them
u;p in .bundles ("hands") to 'be pressed
("prized,") into hogsheads for market.
The ; two points requiring most , attention
in stripping are, first,-to have the tobacco
in proper "order,' and, secondly, to assort
carefully, so as to separatethe different
qualities. - ; -'... '..:-n '-
r : The tobacco is in "order',' when the
leaf or rather -the. blade of the leaf, is
sufficiently moist to be pliahf,;and yet the
stems-dry enough to break off-readily
from the. stalk. This condition can be
suied only in the beginning cf a spell
of weather: . After the weather has con
tinued damp for. sorne litiietiaie, the
moisture penetrates' the.steirjs, es well as
the thinner -parts of , the haves, making
them' too tough' to be easily . broken from
the stalks, and rendering theci ; liable to
mouli.when- wfappetf together, :or when
'the .tobacco, ia laid, down:"in bulk.'. . If
the 'stems have ..thus become pliant,' the
tobacco is in' "too high order," and must
be thoroughly dried, and allowed to' come
ia order again before the stripping can
be done. : v.; , ' . ;. ,- X. ' .' .-
-:. A.hrg quantity may be kept in -order
for stripping, by packing it down when in
- JWa. II. Jonesof Sleclienbnr.
From the Indiana Farmer. ' '' i
.. . Tctiatocs.";: -
- Every one can raise tomatoes, yet not
every one can grow them in perfection.
Good.seed3 of good varieties, and. good
soil are not the only requisites for supe
riority in ' the culture of this esteemed
vegetable. The proper training and the
fruiting,' has much, to do: with its size and
flavor.-'. Thick, tangled masses cf plants,
through which' the sun's rays or the re
freshing breeze can never pierce, are not
adapted for fine fruit.' They will, in
such cases, never ripen equally nor thor
oughly, while worms and insects, secure
in the impenetrable mass, will pray upon
leaf, stalk and fruit,'. . .
Each stem should be neatly bouno to a
stalk, or, what is better, to a trellis. The
branches should be spread apart so as
to expose as much as possible of the
plant to the influence of the sun. They
need warmth for their full development,
and therefore the warmest part of the
garden, if possible,' with a' southern ex
posure, should be selected for them. , As
soon as riiuch fruit and as many blossoms
have formed, as the ' pbnt ,wili be likely
to ripen thoroughly, , the ends should be
pinched off, in order, that the ftrengih of
the plmt should riotbe .wasted. in form
ing fruit which'will" never b of any val-
The ground should be kept loosed and
in soils of a light color, a. slight mulch
ing may not come amiss, a3 such' soils
do not absorb as much" heat as those of a
darker hue. If extra large fruit i3 de
sired," only three or four tomatoes should
be leff fiporr the p'lant. .
The great enemy -of. the Tomato :is'a
large green wcrcir. which eat3 off the
lesves cf the. plant. t They approach so
near the color of the stems,' that it is dif
ficult to distinguish them." The plants
should be frequently examined for those
worms, and when found,' they should be
crushed at once,' a3i if only picked off,
they will soon find their" way back to the
plants. :': . '. " .',", ' -' . " ' '
" Fali;PI6wIns3 for Small Crains.
"A Subscriber," in Clinton county, Io
wa, writes: In 1S53 I put in twenty-five
acres cf barly on fall plowed ground.
.Th$ cattle had run over it, and it ,wa3so
hard that I could not cover the seed, to
suit me with a harrow, I brought cat four
.pne-horse cultivators, hitched four horses
try'tfceni.and cultivated one way from three
.to four inches deep; and then crossed it
with the harrow. . , .... - . ' .
, , I then harrowed ten acres on new and
better land, which had1 all been fall plow
ed. Now for. the result. The twenty
five" acres which were .cultivated v. iih the
cultivu'tor'3,'threshed and cleaned,' yield
ed -sixty bushels per, acre, .wbila.tbe ten
acres harrowed alone, yielded only twenty-five
bushels per acre. 1
, There were ten acres' cf odis plowed
In, on' fall plowing, fight along side of
I ten acre? cf stubbie ground. : On the ten
acres plowed in there was one third more
straw to the acre! and I believe one-third
more cats " than cn ' the stabbl
they were net thrashed separately,
1
e, though
tir-.ir item ;
men'.a cf
enouh that
pared, and see
served ; future
- V - i '-.
:n cf all
the
ds
cil
cr
car;
r 1 '
J. It is
to tnorc -
" 1 rv - f- r -
and .win c:r:
3. cS
a:?'
t
t)
-11 .
culture wm very ir.a:cna;y in;; -3
product.. One cf the chief re;:;:
vegetation is the unimpcJ.d access cf
a . -
and moisture to the reels cf th
and..ia seme scilj it is diiHcuI:
servo this favcrabb condition ; c!
soils, cn account cf their easy ic'ub
1 ,1 ...
are .readily consolidated cn the suriac
during rains; and subscr-j r.t drvi;
.: . 1 - 1 , . i .
wiuus ana no; sun, i.ak"0 it k;; cr;
through which young. plar.s r..ako sb-.v-prcgress,
end which retards to a .certain
degree, the cdinissi'Dn cf air -to thfi;
roots. To maintain an cpea and ccm.r.i
nuted surface is therefore a special pci;
in clay soils. Hoeing cr other., ho Ira a';'-
ing the soil is a. necessary creradi:;i
ter. the ram. nr.d ir performed at th?
er time, wj onuire but littlo
Such soih should not be disturbed when"
the surface is. wet ; r-1 when well cakbl:
it beccmes a diincul b.bcrious cr. cre
ation. The .period beuvcen th: s-fV :.
ingcf .the soil by the rair-3, and ita enr,:-,
1 1 .... .r. -
ing by su' ind drouths will ta found.
be -the rr.t favorabla; and when ..
proper condition is 'attained,' the hc-3
cultivator, should ? placed in active r;
ration. To ficih.ate " those cultural c'
rations.' all r ants .and rmn -n-,",' V
1 " -1
grown," cn the drill system t. ;
between the' foes Can b-2 kc;
with a fork, which
pre
1
. latcr,-
soil I
t3
19
:the
iinpleracritfor this pur, 033 ; X.
for many years, gradually takinj ;!
of the hoo in the' cultivation cf ,
Crops.'. '
'" In the early tror?!? cf .crs1 'i, fr-
pras
0:1
ocn ui
c;.w;3 ci ..tiiit.g iiewiy j 1.
is now so- well known that tl
is widely adopted.,; lis effects ar
Iy apparent in the vegetable gard?n.
of . the best potato crops we have
was produced in thi3 way. As
the young plants' wef-3 above ground, Hi'
soil between th'a town was deeply lo;s:r.:
ed.with .a digging fork, and the srzti
immediately covered three ,inchc3 thick
with newly cut grasa from the lawn. -They
received no further care, with tL
exception cf pulling' up a few.weed3 dur
ing summer,' and the crcp was' by actual
measurement found to be mere than dou.
He 'that of the adjoining ro-.'s,'- In rr.a
nuring", preparation'; of .the ground nr. 1
planting, they were treated alike; but
those that were "mulched maintained a
healthy growth during a severe 'drouth','
when the ethers lost their f
p'ehed prematurely; ' " '
.The early rpea crop3 have also I c--",
prolonged for. several weeks,' by mulch
ing heavily between the rows, with par
tially rotted I straw ; ia short,' the produc
tive capacities of all crops wiu.be increas
ed, if a uniform and constant degreScf
moisture is maiotaned by preventing eut
face evaporation. ,
'.Refuse matter of vsj nous kinds', such
aschip3,'partially rotted leaves and rrasf,
weeds, grass, tan-bark; ;c.c can be c.::i
age,'"ah-i ri
for
mulching i.
110 better
OiS'P
3itio3 .caa
be made of the rras3 -,mov.vd from thi
lawn, spieading it thinly. at, first, and re
peating the application from time tothvb;
as the material can hi 'collected.- 1
J '
f
w 0 haro remarked -abiyi that
rnuich
ing is a saving of labor, and it i3 nut tb3
least of it3 recommendations, that it pro;
vents the wide-spread growth cf weeds!'
Fdrm. and Gardener. ' "'
An Antidote fcr Pel ori ; . -. ,
Tae H.hetfor Uniom aj : "T?) ot t"ti r di-f
t.50 a Isnljr of Aron, toX bj mljt.ike a q mniity ot
ocrrogiiLiiiuito sufJ-jieat t- eaaw d-?:, fca.1 not aa
antidote bcenadmini.-tere-l. Tfce k If riztcl tt
Usfe mo majde ?yrup buc a bottle ci Ic I-dut; poi
son. bal be-n care'es, l-f 6 wber j tha Mia of -up
bnd ftood and ?bo t.,k a sra vli .qii.v.Ity b":re
she di.-icvverel br auUke. Fcrtu" .-i,'; c -; -, ; j3
ti reiaeinb-roi tbe fatal j '-',zr,- caia. cf. '!;t,"
Fowlan wLich o'.oured at Aria a f; y?ar a -40 Lid
the presence cf mi a 1 to run to the fi-ir scl Worrit
witL a ran of milk trim drank it tctJ f.-e!r.ar.d
also too the irbite ft an fr ? hi .to- n4.f
poison inx?aoai, ae srn 1 out of . d n.3
tLa
. ia s.-i, r
ca&y."
TTTien' IoconrntiTe b'.i'.ers ex; : -A, tl. r tr ;
eldotn tbrowo Croultte ra! Ei'.,slr.-"-f
Ere box ii cmshed dwa.fo that t'i d.. :'; -. -j':
ef the stcira lifts iho bin 1 eel c; ill c
ii
':i c?
ntaiV
The Chraicnl Gazette -it f """fl
forks hare eume'olTti' taadie U'trn tzT.$
lesnlTpnt in hot watT or othfr-i acemerit
as; fully wj will bo n-ful to re-:ttrr tLei 1 Take of
gnra ibellao tw pa"? and rrp "'-"tetk one r,r
red ace tin t powder, and th-.rvubJy'mix." WW
ih'ovM"Ba in the fcandle with .tbe."ra!-3r fcr-,
th thaokoftbe knife aslprefs in. Tfcea k:e
the handle out of hot water. . 1
-Tha f.'iHowinj Teic-lj for bo?s is -"1 to be inf d
l!ble;Taka two rnn-ls cfalui.i Lrol-e rc-i-...
jt-nearlj.ta a j-c -v ! r J'. lv It in tbr. q-ar -cf
boiling water lit it remain t.II tie a. -..1 ii v.;l
ved.' -: - : .' ' - : . . -
; JL i-: . '".
- 1 - - t
len tempt thir temptations.
Well-time I ...iceha'hrr.:.re clr-uzncJ
than speech. . , . f
': You know that grief always liesizizzi
tt forever prcphc:ie3 perpetuity..'.,. . . "
i
4. i . ' 1