el
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;T. IE . ADVERTISER,
' PUBLISHED EVEBT THTESDAT BT
.FURNAS & LY ANNA,
Second Story Striclder's Block, Main Street,
- nxiovrivriixii, k. t.
TERMS:
.f !! rear, trpald in advance., .... $2 00
'. " if paid ttbe eudof 6 montht 2 50
w. .. j2 " 3 00
Club'i of 18 or more b famished t $! 60 per
tiom, provided the cub accompanies tbe order, cot
v 1
THE ADVERTISER,
r
ys Ai) yj
i fry r. i
!
y vy ax Ay A Ay
"Free to Form and Regulate All tbelr Domestic Instltotlons .In tlicir own waj, snT)Ject only (o the Constltntlcn oftlie United States."
HATE3 or1. ADvrr.T:c::ro: '
One sqnare (13 Laos or !es) , . ..iser'.!:::, -Each
UMiti..uJ insertion, -------
One square, one uiuclh, - - - - -Ba-jines
OarJ of six Unesor Urn, ere year,
one Column one ycir, ------Oaa-hj!f
Coiiauu oca yesr, -
Oaa fonrtli Column one year. " -
GnsaU'hth Column r,e yer, - - - - -
On? I j'i uinn si x tnor.' tn, .-
Oae hi't Column six month, - - -
039 f jurth Coin ma fix i.i' nt!., -' -Ons
eiiMu Column s.x rr.onthi, - - - -
One Column three mrnth, .
Oae half Column tbrce month, - - - . -One
fourth Column three rrioiii ba, - - -
Oneeizhth Colomn three Tr-nth, . .
-ajoncir. can'iiil.itet forcfice (in lTnce,)
! '1
. &
o CO
;s ci
J l!l
IS 10
23 CP
2'J CO
13 CO
3 O
!.J x
1 to
20 O
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, 5
VOL. IV.
BROWNVILLE, NEBRASKA, THURSDAY, MAY 31, 1860.
NO. 47.
UUaiNE8S CARDS.
jOilKSON,
J. 8 REDFORD.
ith
re-
:lld
)Ut
or j
'op
te
ip-t
.!e !
ntl.
m-
;'le,.
te
le. i
le
'or ,
ai- t
30
Pd, St,
ipt
ATTORNEYS AT LAW,
SOLICITORS IN CHANCERY,
Comer First and Main Streets,
BronnUile, - - - IVebraska
- A. D. KIRK,
Attorney at Law,
Land Agcat and Kotary Public.
Ralo, Richardson Co.,JY. i.
Will jreticem Cartfof sistcdNebraska a
fj idling tvd Kennett.Nebrnkn City .
. 3. B. WESTON,
ATTORHEY AT LAW,
Rrnwnrille. Nebraska.
OSceon ifftift Street, otit duor aboTe the Poit
Brwoville, Drcenibcr 1, 1S59.
JAMES W. GIBSON,
BLACKSMITH
iocDd -irei-t i)ctwecn Main and Nebraska.
RROWNVILLE, N. T.
T. M. TALBOTT,
DENTAL SURGEON,
n.vmjj l.atealiitrilflo I?rownTille, N. T.f ten
itr liiM.rot'cKni.l serried to thcomuiaD!tj.
All warrnnted.
DR. D- GWIN,
l inrr permanently located in
i A N VI LLE, NEBRASKA,
v r -.f Mrli-iDC nnd Surgery, ten
. irvicci to the afflicted.
I:'.' S'.ri'ct. no23v3
ip
i a
'if
y
iet
;rp
!ng
ing
;u-
"7
i id,
tir
iWLLADAY, M. D.
. mUi rrierdi-.in Brownville nd
.'"n v- in- bi ieMitnct he practirc if
:rpry, & -.Obstetric,
ii u his profession, to receive
, ,.re;..i..c extenled t him. In
i.Aib: oxielient prescription
f ;i,e )!fl e t City Drug Store
1 JOKrioOW," M. D.r
.'.AN AND .SURGEON,
. v. t v C. C 1 bohi.B Lav Office,
--Teat, between Main and Water,
i ; : I I.1X, XCliltASKA.
r.
LITs-RftTOPiE
- (
'Mv-.V S I A P ERS,
To Ladies of Brownville,
MRS. MARY HEWETT
pi
Announces tbat she but just rcecircd from tbe
East a magnificent stock of
MILLINERY GOODS
Consisting cf
STRAW, FRENCH CHIP,
GIMP LEGHORN, .
SILK, & CRAPE
BONNETS.
French Flowers, Straw Trimming, P-ibhon, etc.,
To which sho invites tbe attention cf tl.e Ladiea of
Urownrille nnd rioinity, feeling assured b2y cannot
be better suited in style, quality or price.
April 12,1850
MOXEY ADVANCED OX
PIKES'S PEAK GOLD !
We will receive Tike's Peak Gold and advance
money upon the came, and pay over balance of proceeds
as soon as Mint returns are bad. In all capes, we will
exhibit the printed returns of tbe United States Mint,
or Assay office.
LLSUnAUCII & GARSOX.
BULLION AND EXCHANGE BROKERS
BKOWXVILLE, NEBRASKA.
no20v4
Clocks, Watches & Jewelry.
J. SCHITTZ
f? Would anuounceto tbecitizens of BrDwnvllle
tfU and vicinity tbat be has located himself in
jSLLiBrownville, andintenls keeping a f ul 1 assort.
Uiern of everytbinR in his lineof business, which will
besold low for cash. He will also do all kinds of re
pairing of clocks, watches ard Jewelry. All work war
ranted. 3nl81y
CITY LIVERY STABLE.
le.
jte
ier
or
At
10t
of
it
pat I
red
iet
3D,
,b-
pr
D.' ba
tj.
re-
ier
'b
be
ey
tx
,be tS
he
utt
or
of
ich'
be
aid
(j- en ry dfscription, for sale at
hCHUTZ & DEUSER'S
LITER AR Y DEPOT,
South-east corner Main and Second,
' . BEOWNVILLE, N- T.
S-1t,22d. 1R59. ' f-Dtn
; r
D. L OaaV. O. . HEWETT. E. W. THOMA
McGa'ry,- llcwctt & Thomas,
ATTORNEYS AT LAW
AND
SOLICITORS IX CIUXCERY.
BrowavIIIc, Nebraska.
W.ll nrtctice in the Courts r Nebraska.and Korth
-tst Jli'.iourl. .
Jfessrs. Crow, McCreary A. Co.,
n .h. Jamot. SI. Hinis, -
ROSSELL,
BTLOWN"VILIi"D, N. T.
Announces to the public that he is prepared to accom
modate those wishing with Carriages and Buggies; to
gether with good safe horses, forcomfort aifi ease in tra
velling. Ho will also board horses by the day. week or
month.
TERMS FAVOR ABLE. Ji
June 10, '63. 60tf
1859. " 1859.
II AWIIIAL & ST. JOSEPH R. U.
FALL ARRANGEMENTS.
Mnrning Train leaves St. Joseph at 6:00
Evening Train leaves tlo da - 6:40
St. Joseph is reached by tbe Western Stage Line
Pass-enger save time and tiresome staging by this route.
Dailr connections made at nanmbal with allJKastern
auu aotutern niiiirciaos arm riw.
J T 1) TIatutcd. Si.p't..
D C SAtvjv, (len-r-.i A
P B GlH.AT.G. Tick-1 A
Nevea.tC" 1" '
5
Ilmnibal.
t.
Joe.
. Merchant .Tailor,
JACOB F.1ARH0N,
BROWNVILLE, N. T.
Adopts this method of returning-tb.mks to the
gentlemen of this vicinity, for ton liberal j.tttron
age bestowed up' n him heretofore, and to announce
tbat bo has just returned from St. Louis with a .
FRESH STOCK
Uf every article of ...
GENTLEMEN'S WEAR,
Consisting of
FIXE CL OTIIS.
J3XJ3VIlVX3ir3FL GOODS,
Cotton,. Linnen and Silk Goods,
FOR MEN'S WEAR.
Woolen, Cotton, and Silk Undershirts, drawers,
Testing?, Half Hose, Suspenders, Ac. In short, ev
ery thing a gentleman could desire to nrray himself
in tbe gayest attire. He will sell the goods, or make
guits to order in a style equal to any other House
uny where. He asks but an examination cf his goods
and work,
. IriooOt
Correspond with the Present Hard
Times.
April 12. 1R?0.
AGRICULTURAL'
Illxlng Hogs.
From the Northwestern Farmer.
MORTON HOUSE,
MAIN STREET,
XCBRASKA CITY, NEBItASEA.
T. I. GODDIN,. Proprietor.
September, 29,1859. tf-
Pubiished March 17th,
Another New Work by the Distinguished
American Authoress,
EMaiA d. e. w. souTinvoirrii.
IX xx xi tod Homestead,
With an autobiography of the author, by Mrs, Emma
D. E. N. Southwohth. Author or the Ltt Heiresi.
Deserted Wife. Missing Bride. India. Wife's Victory,
Retribution, Curse of Clirton, Vi via, The Three Beau
ties. Lady of tbe Isle, etc.
Completcinone large duodecimo volume, neatly bound
in cloth, for one dollar and twenty-five cents, or in two
volumes, paper cover for re dollar.
SAVE YOURJIOXEY AXD GO TO
WM. T- DEN,
W IB! Ml. DIED.
Wholesale andRe'ail dealer in
BOOTS AND SHOES.
Erownville, X. T.
H..n John R sbeply,
Hon. JaniesCraig, .
lion. SilusWoKlsn,
Hon S.ntuel W Black,
. F. Nwkoils KsJ.,
Cheevcr Sweeti. Co.,
R. W. Furnas
St. Louis, Mo.
Do
Do
St. Joseph, Mo.
Do
Nebraska CltyN.T.
Do
da
Brownville
Brownville. K. T. Oct. 2S. 185S.
v4n!6
E. S. DUNDY,
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
archer; RICHARDSON CO. N. T.
WILL practice in the several Courts of J'Cll
i Oi.tr.ct.and attend to .11 matters conneet, rd r h the
Pes.iou. W.M. McLESNAN E,,of rCUy'
will siMne in the prosecution f impoi taut Suits.
i
ot
set
tl-
TO- 1
e-tl'i
in
'M
15
ell
:b '
er,
It
U-'
hat
if
; Of .
i.'h
tor
or in".
inC
a
.
IS
;.,z3HLOiKr-.
D. A. COX STABLE,
IMrORTER AlCb DEA'.ER IN
IRON, STEEL, NAILS,
C vS'riXfiS, nPRIXGS, AXLES, FILES
B L A-0 K3MLTirS TOOLS
Hubs; Spokes, and Bent Stuff.
" Tuirfl St rcet, between Felix and Edmond,
SAINT 'JOSEPH, -MQ.
which be sells at St. Louis prices for cash.
Jliiest "Pr ife Taid for Scrap Iron.
'Vr."nbi I. 1S59 -ty. .
v . s n t. r.
CHAP. r. HOLLT.
t'vv'rv TIOT.LY. -
Ai'iORNEYS AT LAW,
-11 ISH i CITY, X T.
v-.;.. ; ;;!e.!...rU -run Territory Collec-
. r- n n t-i..p .ttended to throughout Ne-
' . ... i ii'in .i if nil the
t. :;",( ill-' "
I . I" IWMVi I lf
I L HCHI-I. 4iMjnt-tI.At)AT ALEXI WCDD.
: x 1 City B'llidinss.
..iMUUIS - - - MISSOUM.
ML'IIU & HO L. LAD AY,
No UO, reM Stieet.
Prndmx. and Commission
2VX X3 XT. O XX ANTS.
we Rvrra by rrnMissioit to
w:i Lvy 4. I.eiiM-u, - - SuJsetb,
T.i tle Jt Faileixh, - - - '
T. X J Cnrd - - - - - "
N'. McC id k C., - "t
D. nnel & Saxtjn - - - . - "
37-:n
X):ior Island Ahead of the. World ! !
LOOK HERE! LOOK HERE!
SHINGLES! ! SHINGLES!!
Tbe undernamed mVo tliis method f informing
thnitiini .f Nt'in:ibn untv.and the rc?t f iiihii-
kind tbt be b is.nr.d will kvp - n hand a iu.,'rir
lotuf r,.,ttnwd Sbinplos. wlti-bhe will rll !itiii
FOR CASH OR PKOULUL.
ITis SMiiK'e Miu:bineis on the Som.rsi Islnnd.nMr
tfaIlandSaw Mill, wherebemy be found when he
not absent on pr..f essi n;il business. Oive him a
Ml and be will q;ive vou satisfy ion.
April 12,1SG0. (6m) MER1D1TII HTILY1.
i .
T 1
ciiartp:r oak
Life Insurance Company,
Hartford, Conn.
Incorporated by the State of Connecticut.
Capital Stock $200,000.
... A oJ infironinr tiimluRrf cciDts.sccure-
ff 1L1 Ul iavix.v 'C, I a
ly invested under tbe sanction and approval of the
Comptroller of Public Accounts.
OFFICERS AN1 UIKECTORS:
JAMES C. WALK LEY, President,
JOHN U. BUNCE, Vice President.
ELIAS GILL. Seeretnry.
L. D.DICK.ERMAN, General Agent.
DIRECTORS:
Alfred Gill. Daniel Phillips, Jubn L.Bunce,
U. Hlodget, J. A.l?utlor,
N.Wheaton. Sam. Cit.
James C.Walkley.
E. D. Diokerman
NcIsol Uollistcr,
S. B. Beresford, M Y, Conultinj: Pbysicinn.
A. S. Holladny.M D, Medical Exnminrr.
Applications rcecircd by R. W. F URNAS. At.
n3ir Prownrille, T.
FRANKLIN
TYPE & STEREOTYPE FOUNDRY
No. 168 Vine St-bet-Fourthanai'lftn.
Cincinnati, 0.
C. F. O'DRISCOLI, & CO
Manufacturers nnd dealersin News, Bookana Job
Type, Printing Presses. Cases, Gallies. Ac., &o.
Inks, and Printing Material cf Every Description,
STEUEOTYl'lACi of allkind Books Music.
Patent.Medicine Directions,Jobs,Wood Engrevings,
Brand and Pattern Letters, various-styles,
HAS KOW ON HAND a larpe and well select-
n ... ... . ,..,!.. . . n .1 , -
? t UCS M J011 an'i OUOVS, nuuwcin. o
I . ' ! l'M'i:'i' ,l"'lt "
t-.c n-.-l.t tri.'CMH for j
sale
Brownville June 2d, '69. . -
fir ! ft ? ha
.t u all!
J I V ij , -
n49jf-
AIIBISICAM MOUSE.
1ST oxr Hotel
BROWNVILLE, NEBRASKA.
P. J. HENDGEN,
tt AnKn ..,.tt IK a nnhl that ti hns DUrcljHfed tbe
Xebra.-ka House i" Brownville, N. T., formerly kept by
T. J.Edwards, and has remodeled, renovated and eml
rit rhmrp,! th whole house, from cellar to Barret,
with an especial view to neatness, comfott and conve
nience. HavinR naa many yer mvcuciuvh uici
... - p..nlincih iMinrd in? nxt run.
aeeper, no ieei am " - !
ape of Brownville. and tbo traveling: public, tbat while
at the American, mey win mvcu'iiMwa i wmiuiu
of tbe fa-e In any respect.
Thenotel is situated Immediately at the Steamboat
Landing, foot of Main street, and consequently aff.irds
peculiar advantages to the traveliiiR conimufiity. The
proprietor asks but to be trl d, ind if not found worthy,
discarded.
January, 19 18C0. 23-tf
7
r. ya
o) p u f
f :
I tifS
Pioneer Qoolibimlcrj-
BUM,!?, BOOK
Manvfactory.
. COUNCIL BLUFFS, IOWA.
WILLIAM. F. KITER.
Would respectfully inform the citizetis:u Western
fowa and Nebraska that be b;s opened a first class
Cindery, and the only one ever established in this
sectionof country. I am now prepared to doall ktnds
..f work pertaining to the business.
Harper's. Grnbam's.Godoy's. I'oterson h. Arthur e
BallouV. Frank Leslie'.-, Knickboeker, a
rcr!j,IIttnt's.nn i Pulnatn'K Mantincs.
New York Lcdor, P.allouV Picto- .
rial. Harp r's Weekly. Scien
tific American. Yankee
Notions. Musical Review. Les
lie's Il'ustrated, Ladies Kciository,
Ladies Wreath, Atlantic Monthly,
Music. Law, Book, nd Newspapers, cr
books of any kind, oldotnew. bound or r bound
in theino-t approved ittyle. on short notice and low
prices. Old family Bibles rebound so as tojook and
wear equal to new. t
August 24, 1S59. ,
ISHAI.I RE AVIS,
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
AND
RFsAL EST A TE A GENT
mils ''itT. Richardson Comity. Nebraska
' - ?e prompt ittenti n to all urofess.onal busi
r.e ins isted to hiscare in RieSardson ami .l.innme
cutie,; also ,., the 4raw,nS of Tg;
Mrs. Ilriidgeii &Tliss Lusk,
3IH.LIXERS AND DRESS MAKERS,
First Strpet, bet. Main and Water,
nnOWNYILLE. NKBRASKA
Bonntti, lltad-Drtisctar.d Trimmirt alicayton Hand
NEMAHA LAND AGENT,
sunvEion & hotaiiy public,
Will select lands, investigate titles, pay taxes &c,
ruber in Kansas or Nebraska; buy, sell and enter
landson commission; invest in town property buyer
sell tbe same, and will always have on ham! correct
plats of townships counties &c. showing alllandssub
(ectto entry, and where desired will furnish parties llv
inpin tbestateswith thesanie.
tj-b tbe oldest settler In the county will in all
eases be abletcive fulland reliable information.
Address A. L- Coate.eitherat Brownvilleor Nemaha
City. Nebraska Torritory. 6m-42-v2
The Nebraska Farmer.
16 PACES QUARTO MONTHLY.
SL'BSCRIRC FOR IT.
It is the only Journal devoted exclusively
to the Agricultural and Educational inte
rests of Xebraska, Kansas, Xorthern
Missouri and Southern Iowa.
Try it.-Aid It
Four Copies, 3 months for SI
Twenty Copies, 1 year S15
One Copy, 1 year SI
Address,
FURNAS A LYANNA,
Brownville, Kebraika.
THE
32ELW HILLS.
NEMAHA CUT, '.NEBRASKA.
The proprietor returns tbanks for the generous
patronage thus far extended him, and hopes by re
newed efiorts to tnerit increased favors.
Farmers and Others
Will do well to have their grain in as soon as possi
ble spring freshets will soon be upon us, when
more than likely it will be impossible to run the
mill for several weeks.
Ccxnc Along Now!
Meal and Flour of Superior Quality
Constrtly on Kand.
We will pay 75 cents cash for wheat.
" Feb-22, 1 S50. J. O. MELYIN.
Peru Chair Factory,
0"toi23.ot SHOP-
The undersipred, bavins purchased tbe Chair and
Cib'net shop late! v owned by T. n. Marshall, take his
metb.i of inforn.irn: tl e public thai they are now pre
pared to fill orders lor all kii.di of fnrnittne. such as
ChHir tables, stands, bedstead, bureavjs, safes, cribs,
cradle", lounscs etc.. etc , either at wholesale or re
tail) as cheap as can fceWiupbt at any other establish
ment in the we.-t. Of best of crffln iumbor and trim
mines c nxtantly on hand, which will enable us to fill
i tdet for Ci-fiins at shift notice.
We have attscbe-l to i or shop a p.! n rse Power and
Tun, ins Lathe, and we are prepared to lo any ieenp-ti.-n
of turnine from a Chair lee r.p t. a Sutfr Mill.
Chairs and Furnit ure of all ki:ils repaired in the best
style.
X. B. C 'rn. WT.e:t Flour. Dry floods. Groceries Lum
ber and pnHnco all kinds Money Pot excepted, ta
ken in exchanpe fr wi rk or pivxls. We hope by strict
kt'ention to business to merit a sb.irp or pnblic patron-a?p-
, . BKXEDlCr & BLISS.
Vera, Nebraska, November 21,
"The blood of ihe Suffolk should be
infused more generally into the common
breeds, especially the. larger kinds. A
mixture of the Chester White with the
Suffolk, would make a more valuable an
imal for pork than either." .
This is an extract from the report cf
the Wisconsin State Fair. It is a com
nion conclusion with' formers, as well as
vith n.any agriculturdl ic.ach.ers,- that the
progeny of a large and small breed vf
hogs should be exactly intermediate, cr
more definitely, a portion of the larger
size of the one, and the fattening prop
erties of the other, would be combined in
the cross breed. It is lime such notions
were, dispelled, as a great loss of time,
and often a waste of means, is the una
voidable result of these erroneous opin
ions. That like produces like, is the rule
of breeders; but it does not follow that
widely dissimilar breeds should produce
dissimilar offspring that is, not like
either. In mixing Suffolk with a lare
breed, as the Irish Grazier, we have uni
formly found a part of the pigs possess
ing the form and fattening qualities of
the Suffolk, and seldom, if ever, increas
ed in size, form, and other characterics
of the Grazier, without an apparent trace
of the fattening properties of the Suffolk.
In short, mixing large and small breeds
of hogs, we have found very much like
mixing oil and water.
It is understood that most of our im
proved breeds of hogs have , their origin
in the introduction of the Chinese hog in
to England ; but we apprehend this im
provement has been eff ected moie by ju
dicious selection, than by crossing ; hence
the slight improvement in size of the
small breeds over the Chinese hog. A
little reflection will convince any one that
if mixing breeds of hogs was easily ac
complished as it is vaguely believed to be,
we should long ago have Lad exactly one
breed that everybody wants attaining a
very large size in a very short time, with
very little corn. Wo much prefer the
Suffolk, -believing they will always show
a greater return for amount of food con
sumed than uny of the larger breeds, and
henceforth design breeding them pure,
Ui w e Ciia u.u clj i.;, v ,.uf iiiiiy 1.1 a.ll
, " r:: w: to depend t crc::-" we
would breed a Dure SuCoi!, io tmon
a
stock, or any of the larger breeds, and
at six cr eight weeks old, select such ot
the pigs as possessed the Suffolk form
and disposition to fatten, and either make
roasters of the others, or sell them to anti-book
farmers for "stock pigs." This
system would require one to keep more
breeding hogs than otherwise would be
necessary to supply the requisite number
of hogs for the annual feeding, but would
pay, as such hogs with fair keeping are
always ready for the knife, aud if kept
as long as the larger bretds must be kept
will attain to reasciiable weight, and at
comparatively sj:.all cost J. trn
JIuscaline, louj-a.
From our. 'Experience with hogs, we ad
mit that a cross between two breeds su
dissimilar as are the Suffolk and Irish
Grazit r. would be very likely to reuh
as s'ated by our correspondent. The
Suffolk and Irish Grazier are extremes
the former a very fine hog, and the
latteravery coarsebog. IS ot so. Howev
er, with ihe Suffolk and Chester White
no such difference exists between these
two breeds both are fine, with a strong
resemblance. We have never crossed
the Suffolk with anoiher than first rate,
common stock, and half bloods. The re
sult has been in most cases, a thorough
ahnalgamation, and a great improve
ment over the common hog.
If iuC Suffolk were generally dissemi
nated, we should not advise crossing with
any breeds to any great extent ; but who
will rear Suffolk pigs for pork making,
so long as they command S10 each at six
or eight weeks old. The fact is we must
work away on the improvement of our
common hogs, and those of lower prices
than the Suffolk at present.
Cauliflower.
The London Gardener's Chronicle, gives
the following method used by the Dutch
to obtain their Cauliflowers, which are
famous for their size and delicacy.
In the autumn they dig deep some
ground that has not been manured; ai
the beginning of May they sow the large
English Cauliflower upon a bed of ma
nure, and cover it with straw mats in the
night. . When the young plants are three
or four inches high they harrow the ground
that had been prepared the autumn be
fore, and with a wooden dibble, IS inch
es long, they make holes about ten inches
deep, at proper distances apart, and en
large them by working the dibble round
till the hole at the top is about three inch
es in diameter. They immediately fill
these holes with water, and repeat this
three times the same day. In the even
ening they fill them with sheep's dung,
leaving only room enough for the young
plant, which they very carefully remove
from the bed of manure, and place in the
hole with a little earth. Directly after
wards they give them a good watering,
and as soon as the sun begins to dry
them, water them again. Furthermore,
as the plants grow thy dig round them
and earth them up in rows. When the
hnad is formed they pinch off some cf the
lower leaves of the plant, and use them
.1 W ,1 ' I
to Cover me youuucau.
American Basket Willow.
Geo. I. Colby, of Waterbury, Vt., in
the Scientific American, gives the following-useful
information upon the cultiva
tion of the Basket Willow. It is discred
itable to our country, that we should be
importing such quantities of this article:
Probably nine-tenths of the Willows
used here are imported; and until wit. -in
a few years, very little attention was
given to their cultivaiion ; but enough
has4 now been done to provu that they
can be grown and peeled in sufficient
quantity to supply our market at a price
much below what they now command.
The cultivation of willows is very sim
ple; the land must be rich and moist,
bjt not wet; it is prepared by deep plow
ing and harrowing, and the cuttings or
"setts" ( which are nieces of wU'rvvs nf
x
hist year's grovyt cut about nine or ten
inches long) are slack in rows three feet
by One, and cultivated during the first year
as you would a choice piece of corn. Af
ter the first year, once hoeing in May or
June is all the attention they need. The
time of cutting and peeling varies with
the latitude of the place, and there are
three different times and ways in which
they can be peeled. The plan which i3
much practiced in England, but very' lit
tle in this country, is to let them stand
without cutting through the Winter and
until the bark will slip in May and June
and then cut and peel at the same time.
The objection to this plan is that it injures
the plantation and puts back the net crop
to cut them so late in the season, and it
also makes the season for peeling very
short, as there will be but three or four
weeks after the bark will start before they
wili be so much grown as to be unfit for
peeling. Another plan which is prac
ticed to S4me extent in this country is to
cut them at any convenient time after the
leaves fall, aud boil them until the bark
will slip. The objections to this plan are
first, the expense of boiling, which is con
siderable if there is a large quantity to
be peeled; and, second, it spoils them
for market, as the boiling causes them to
turn of a reddish brown. The third plan.
and the one which I have proved by ex
perience to be the most feasible and prof
itable, is to cut the willows in the Kali as
scon as the leaves are off, bind them in
co-.renis'nt bundles and pile their, up in
'.h
currei.
The direc-
very simple.
i.i i i
n let them ne cutu t.. tc
a fall of snow, euthciru: to ;
- I I ' l - 1 l ... I . 1. - . . '..!
jo orn wnn tieihs rhu nuui uim o to a j
piece if ground which I have grad-.d and
gravelled for the purpose, and around
which I have raised an embankment, so
that it can be flooded to the pepth of one
foot. On this level ground I set the bun
dles as thick as they can siand, each bun- J
die standing in a peculiar vendition. As
soon as it thaw in the Spring. I turn on
ihe water so as to fiood the ground to six
or eight inches depth, and keep it so Add
ed until the willows are peeled. They
will put out leaves and the bark will also
start in this pond as well as if they were
m ih - field uncut, -ind tluy will remain
in a condition to peel much longer. In
the Northern States peeling may be com
mence in ihe fore part ot May and con
tinue until July if tircessary. Treated in
this way the uiii'jw whiten much bttten
than ly either ot the other processes,
and, ot course, command a butler price in
market. Formerly, all willows (and at
present a very large part that are used)
are peeled by hand, one at a time; but
machinery has be n perfected, aud is be
ing rapidly introduced, to do this work,
much faster aud cheaper than can be done
by hand.
I would not advise any one to start a
W illow plantation until thevhave vi;ited
one that is in successful operation, and
learned all the little matters that cannot
be shown in writing. When this is done
and a plantation started in the right man
ner, there is i.o more sure crop, nor one
that will pay a better profit. Two tuns
peeled willows to the acre is no more
than a fair average yield, and they will
sell for one hundred dollars per tun;
while the cost of cultivating and peel
ing including interest on capital employ
ed will vary from one to two cents per
pound, according to the place, the price
of labor and the conveniences for getting
water and power to drive the machinery.
Bee Culture.
A correspondent of the May number
of the Xorthvcsiern Farmer, writes the
following on this subject :
"As the time is now at I and when the
Bees roay be safely moved from common
hives to the Langstroth hive, we propose
to give a few plain directions for doing
it. No beekeeper who has ever seen, or
ever examined thfj Langstroth hive, will
not long content himself to use any other.
Dr. J. P. Kirtland, of Cleveland, says:
-I have had three stocks transferred to
an equal number to Langstrcth's hives.
The first had not swarmed in two years,
and had long since seemed to manifest
any industry"; the others had never yet
s vanned. All the hives were filled with
bla:k and filthy comb, candied honey,
concrete bee bread, and an accumulation
of the cocoons and larvae of the moth.
Within twenty-four hours each colony
became reconciled to its new tenement,
and began to labor with far greater ac
tivity than any of my old stocks. I have
no stronger colonies than these, which I
considered of little value until my ccquain-
tarrp with this new hive."
v I"- -
I There are many thousands of beekpep-
i ers who are now using this hive in all
; parts of the country and also in Europe,
j Among our own acquaintances it is, wi'.h
no exceptions, well liked.
tion3 for transferrin? are
and the work may be done even by the
ladies.
The first important step is to get rea
dy. Prepare a roll cf old cotton cloth cf
any kind, as large as your wrist, and a
foot cr more long winding it with twine
or a small wire from end to end. Obtain
a large table, or wide board, to lay the
combs on as you will cut them out ot the
hive, and put in seme place where you
will not be annoyed with other bees ;
vessels to receive the honey ; a loug,
sharp knife to cut cut the comb; a large
chisel, or other instrument, to pry the
hive apart ; goose quills, or a wing to
brush the bees from the combs ; some
wrapping-twine to tie the combs into the
frames, and some water to wash cf the
honey from the hands occasionally. Now
fire the cotton roll, and blow a few whiffs
of smoke into the entrance of the hive,
until the bees are driven well up into the
combs ; first stopping all holes in the hive.
Gently lift the hive from the stand, car
ry it away a short distance, and carfuily
turn it upside down. Place another box,
or hive, cu the top of the hive mouth to
mouth and wrap a sheet around to pre
vent the bees from escaping. Then rap
smartly with flat sticks on the lower hive
until the bees are mostly driven into the
upper box. Now take this eff and place
it on the stand, and if the queen bee has
been driven up, the bees will mostly go
there. Take the hive to your table, or
near it, where you have the new hive all
ready to receive the combs. With a saw
slowly sever the combs from the side of
the hive to be pried off. Cut out the
combs placing all straight, thin combs
by themselves to be fitted into the frames.
Let every motion be '-emle. as there is
danger of injuring -the queen' should she
happen to be in the hive. Reject all ir
regular and broiien and clumsy combs ;
cut to fit closely and crowd into the frames
and when necessary, tie with twine.
Should there be any projection on the
combs after they are II t r in, they must
be trimmed down evenly with the upper
part of the frame. Proceed until all the
good combs are used placing the frames
as 'they are filled in the hive those con
taining young brood in the center. Put
in the emptv frames. Dlaciner all an eunal
distance apart. Put on the honey-board,
Qi.l r ?! " V. ""OS !- ' i;' ,r ' .
S;t. ' u. .. .:r.;fr,:.;at: : :vw 1.
at I r . . uc c -I t!;3 t;.cs.;.v. . t:. .: ;:: r j
to v.hka they weredrivti ''."'. - - i
er direct a few to the entrance, and the
rest will soon follow. If they cluster in
front of the hive they must be brushed
down. After the larger portion has en
tered the hive, it may be placed on the
old stand, nnd when the bees have all
passed in, the entrance should be closed
to admit but one bee at a time, to pre
vent robbing. After three or four days
the entrance may be enlarged.
Rust ill Wheat.
A Mr. S. S. Richards, at a late meet
ing cf a Fanner's Club at the West,
gives the following as his theory of Rust
in the Wheat:
I was always taught when young, that
the cause of "rust" in wheal was ireqtitnt
.-hosvers, with a warm hot sun. But at
the age of twenty-three I began to exam
ine for myself, and have so continued to
do ever since, and I have come to the con
clusion long since that rust does not come
by frequent showers and a hot'sun. When
we look at it in its true light, taking ihe
causes and effects into consideration, it
dots not seem to me thai which js calcu
lated to uourish ord promote the growth
of the straw and wheat, should, contrary
to the laws of nature, kill the same.
Now, we want to throw all prejudice
aside and look at it in its true light. We
generally find that the rust makes its
appearance about such a time, and that it
is this extreme hot weather that we have
in the fore part of July. Now, sir, let it
rain an hour, either fast or slow, then let
the sun thine out as warm as it generally
Joes at that ieason of the year, nnd to it
may continue to do for a half a dozen
times a day alternately, and at night
what is the result? Why, sir, the rain
has all run down off the stalk into the
roots to send forth nourishment to the
stalk. No rain adheres to the stalk, but
let the night be warm and cbwe, and ihere
will be a heavy dew. and this dew is
called a honey dew; it sticks to the stalk
or leaf, wherever it falls, and a hot sun
the following morning dries it on the
stalk, or leaf, which prove to b a deadly
poison to wheat, cr cats. Now sir, let
it rain the following morning after the
dew, and there will be no rust to hurt the
uheat. And now I would say to all far
mers who may chance to read this arti
cle, to examine for themselves. I have
never known this kind of dew to fall ex
cert in the extreme hot weather in the
month of July, 'and I have known the
crop of wheat entirely destroyed by rust
when there had been no rain to cause
the rust; and again I, have kr.own there
to be no rust on the grain when it has
been very showery; and thus I cannot
agree with many who attribute the cause
cf rust on our grain to frequent showers
and a warm sun.
The same preventive for chintz bug io
also good for rust. Sow early.
KHS. C4
It has been said by seme of the Istt
J writers upon agriculture, that sheep arc
tne foundation cf good farming. W help
er true or nc. I am well ccuvinced t; u
sheep -husbr. i.dry is a valuable adjunct,
and will add much to the profits cf farr- ;
ing. But fur ths best results to be pro
duced, more attention should be pii to
the selecticn cf sheep from the bes; Lreed
adapted to the situation cf the country.
No one should hesitate to reccmrnsr.d a
breed that combines r.he greatest P;-.c:nt.
of wool and meat. Thes-3 qualities i:.iy
be found both a-h: .;:es:or ar.J Cc
wold, perhaps the last named should have
the preference, their wool is thought ta
be little finer, and quite as abundant.
They are unquestionably growing into
favor, and when it is known that their .
fleece will sell within three or four cer.ta
per pound as much as the Merino, ani
some four five pour, ! ;nore to the fleece, "
they will certainly t :..cre inquired fcr. .
The South Down's are no dou; a valua
ble breed, aud the wool upon the back is
fair in quality and quantity, a3 that cf
most of our breeds, that are common in -the
country. But it must be admitted ;
that they art somewhat deficient under-,
clothing. It is said by good judges, that
they cross with the Cotswold with much
benefit to themselves. Mutton and larr.5
are coming more into favor for the table,
and probably can be produced at less ex- .
pense than any other meat, except, per
haps, pork, and it is unquestionably the .
most, wholesome of all the meats that are
used venison not excepted. Thi i3 a
good reason why the breeds that will af
ford the largest amount of meat, with a
fair amount and quality cf wool, should tc ;
preferred by our farmers. The Ccts
wold weathers, carefully grown and well .
stall-fed, may be made to weigh, when
dressed, two hundred pounds. Theyaie
sometimes heavier. There has been some
of this breed introduced into the State, .
and wherever known, they are apprecia
ted. Careful selecting, and good keep
ing will preserve them in their purity,
and in all their good qualities. Careless-;
ness in either cf these requisl s, will,
in a short time, render almost any fleck,
of almost nuy kind, worthless. Corns-
pondtnt Maine Fanner.
Manure nml ItrU In Jlorr.
r,.
At a plowing match near Montgomery
Alabama, recently, camel and mule pow
er, for c!owinLr, were tested sidy bv side.
T 1 J J
(The camel took the had very decidedly.
j The best fo-jd for cx"n. is corn meal
j well mixed with chopped hay wet.
parasite, and the reason why the presence,
of this parasite is not discovered is incon
sequence of the difficulty experienced in
finding it. The parasite found in the
horse, under pathological conditions a3 .
itch and nnnge, cause an eruption of the
skin, similar to the appearance cf itch in
man, only the pustules cr eruptions are
not so distinctly observed.
Observations and experiments prove
that the sar cojits equi will live in mun,
and thus develop itch and mange; there
fore, those persons who have to practice
daily grooming on the bodies of infected
horses, should beware, or they may like
wise become the subject of itch.
Mangy horses should never be allow-
d to cume in contact with cattle, for the
itch parasite is transmitted from the far
mer to the latter; yet auimais in gocd
health, whose bodies are kept free from
dirt or filth, may s'nnd near a int'r.;:y
horse for alo-g (j.IJt. ut.1i0UI contracting
the Icat.jsome pcol. This fact offers very
ttronrj c-vi ence in support of tha th:ory
mat cleanliness ts a tateguara against
the itch.
No doubt there are some peculiarities
in the constitution of various animals that
renders them more susceptible to this af
fection than others rot so constituted; and
when it makes its appearance in the for- .
mer, it may Jinger tor Weeks and months;
yet occurring in the latter it frequently
yields in a short time to a few doses oi
sulphur.
A few applications, by means cf tt .
sponge, cf a portion of the following
mixture will generally cure itch. Pow
dered Sublimated Sulpur, 4 oz., Licn
water, 1 quart mix.
Grape Rot PreventlTC.
According to the theory of a writer in
the Southern Homestead, the gr. ape rot
proceeeds from a different cauj than has
generally been supposed. If the writer
is correct, the disease is casiy prevented.
Since I have been lining in the. Uni
ted States, I have very oun heard persons
complaining cf the rot cf the grapes at
the time they begin to ripen, and gitirg
a3 the cause cf it, tiG dampness cf the '
atmosphere tLat prevails in the month3 cf
July and August. Tht3 13 not tho irus
cause cf the rot.
"In iho spring, when the blcsscn.3 cf
the grape bein to open, a kind cf burs
nearly like what z called aa array ?cm,
deposits their eggs in the Uos?sm, where
they remain until they are hatched, which
happens when the berries haye nearly at
tained their full size. They then forte
their way out leaving a little hole or
speck en the berry, and a few days after
the fruit commences blackening and rets,
sometimes, destroys whole bunches. A
cheap and reliable remedy, is simply to
sprinkb lime dust on the vines in th.p
morning, when they commence Uoison
ing. The vines trimmed high are les
' liabb to the injury cf the bugs than thosa
j trimmed close to the ground."
j No garden should be without a led cf
Asparagus. It is a delicious veetaMs
cue of the best. A bed ence esblkh-
ed will ht many yean
(
. I
! !
X