THE ADVERTISER, '
PUBLISHED EVEET THURSDAY BT .
FUBNAS & LYANNA,
e-oai S'ory Hoadley' Block, Main Street,
v-BnOlYXTIIAE,' fV T.
TERMS:
roKw if
1 I I I 8
i
..Voneyetr.lf Pi4tndvnce,1 - ! '.'42
" if paid at lb end r 6 months . 2
00
60
12 " a oo
. ,w f 12 or more will L famished at $1 CO per
.provided the cash accouup&nies the order, cot
: j
11 I I ( 1 1 ( I ! 1 I I . I
y v . (iV -nt,
1 . V.
fi v : h fry fiv n
H . I
y Ay Ay
THE ADVERTISER,
r.ATZ O? ADVSF.TISIXrOs
'Tree to Form ana Regulate ALL their Domestic Institutions In their ottii rraj, subject only to the Constltntion of the United States."
One square (10 lines or less) oueinserticn,
i.aca a'lUiUoual i:if erlioo, ---One
square, one month, -------
Business Cards of six liucsor less, one yrar,
one Culuuia one year, -------
Oue-hilf Colciiii rceyear, --.-One
fourth C.l'jinn cie jer, -'--
Oaeei;liih C"l'i cr.e year, - - - -"
Oaecoluma ii tiHiBtii.
One half Column six mmt&4, -.- -One
fourth Coiuniu six meiithit, - . -
One ei-hth Column six nu r.ilis, - - - -
One Column three nutlis, ,
One half CM'irjn Tfcree TrT.ib, - - -
One fourth IVluina three coat !: J, - -Oneeishtli
Cvl'imn three ci-ih'j. - - -.a3ac:-;
C4i:Ui!atesforcU! (is a Jvac-.
-
2 tJ
- 5J
- t t
: ! ;
1 ) (,
) -
2 J
- 1 3 n'
- 6 u1
VOL. IV.
BROWN VILLE, NEBRASKA, THUKSDAY; MARCH 29, 1860.
NO. 38.
BUSINESS
B. LIATHIETJ
CARDS
Cabinet & Wagon-IIaker
vain Street. bet. Sixth andSeTenth,
K IHIOIVX VILLE, IV. T.
ilitiiiiso' cibinel wotk netiy execuiea.
.i",iricg of wASont'rlows.eic, promptlyd
j "r
one.
J. B. WESTON,
ATTOnilEY AT LAV,
BTbwnVille'rXTetr&s'fca.--
ce on Main Street, one door above the Post
1S59.
Architect and Bnilder.
1ST. T?-
MRS. IARY HEWETT
BILUMER A1ID DRESS MAKER.
I
JAMES W. GIBSON,
BLACKSMITH
a a trftt.betwMTi Main nd N'ebraski ,
BROWNVILLE.TS.
T. '
T. II. TALBOTT, v:
DENTAL SURGEON, .
n,nn-located himclf iu CroWBTillc, . T., ten
er his rrofeMiona4orTice to tLe community.
A!l jobs warrmcd. -
lD.' "3W1N,
i Hariri permanently located in
BROWN VILLE, NEBRASKA,
' Fnr vhoVracUcc "of Medicine nd ?urry, ten
dew hi, prorcssionr.1 services to the aflicted.
Offi.-e on Main Street. . Tlt)-ir3
A.S. IWLLADAY, M. D.
nedlclnc, Suicry, & CDstctrics,
ZXVX exre -ent. . pre. iot.on
bu.inswilll.ert.m. "Office rt City Drug Store.
, i cb.2i, '69. 35 ly
Mrs. -Ilcndgcii & Miss Lusk,
3IILL1NERS AND DRESS 31AKERS,
First Street, bet. Main and Water,
nuOWNVILLE, NEBRASKA,
Bonnett, llrad-Drtittt and Trimming alvayi on hand
L. LL JOHNSON, LL D.,
PIIYSICIAN AND SURGEON,
Office at V. C. Johnson'a Law Office,
First Street, between Main and Water,
BROWSVILLC. XCnRASKA.
1IEHTLIT1MTBH
NEWSPA PERS,
AND
Periodical
Of every description, for sale
' ' ' r nrt'crmc
LITERARY DEPOT,
South-cast corner Mam and Second,
SepU 22d. 1S59. "
at
f-titU
mm mi m
m
MANUFACTORY!
SOUK W. MIDDLET0N,
BUOIVXVILLC, X. T.
fi nEUKBT" Inform tbe public that ho hat
-V-A Wjtel himself in thia City, and i prepared
VfcJi l0 rve those In want of anything in bia line.
H has wVrtM hi tx k trith cre aud will n.uufacture
a No. 1 urtirte .f everything offered. He tleenu it un
nereR!arrtoenMmerie; but will keep on hand evejrarti.
Brnwnvllle May 18- no4G-6m
BROWNVILLE
W. HI fiBT III.
JESSE NOEL
flavin rented the interest of LsVe and Emmerson in
the Brownville Steam Saw and Onrt MiM.announcea to
t..thepoblic thai te 1 prepared fo HCorum.xlatc the
Wizen .r Brownviile and Nemaha County with a i su
perior quality f lumber of all Vind. AUo with the
hisi Mill, to nerve all in that line.
The market price at all times pid for Lops and Corn.
..ui.,.,:. i K-..i i.nVnt Emnieron wil. Ie
iir .Pin iiii?iurr. vt . . .1 i .,
fntnrfl i)uinec c muunca
ftttl 1 l. Hah V V A All
' Brownviile April 7th. 1S59. il
i. I.. M'CARI. O. B. HEWETT. E. W. THOMAS.
McGary, Hewctt & Thomas,
ATTORNEYS AT LAW
AND
SOLICITORS IN CHANCERY.
Browniille, Nebraska.
Will practice in the Courts of Xetraska,and North
west Missouri,
i REFERENCES. ; 1
Messrs. Crow, McCreary &Co., St. Locis, Mo.
Hon. James il. UuKhs.
Ilon.Johnlt. Sheply,
Hon. James Craie,
Hon. BilusWcHidsnn,
Hon. Samuel W. Ulaci.,
S. F. Nuckolls, Ksq.,
Cheever Sweet &. Co.,
R. W. Furnas
Brownviile, N. T. Oct. 23
Do
. - Do
St. Joseph, STo.
Do
Nebraska City, K. T.
, Do
do
Brownviile
185S. v4n!6
H. WILCOX.
T. w. Dcioai
WILCOX & BEDFORD,
DEALERS IM
LAND WARRANTS,
A N D
E A S T E U X EXCHANGE,
Land Warrants Loaned on Time
From One Month to Ten Years,
Land Warrants Loaned to Pre-cniptors; Taxes Paid;
Collections rande; Real Estate Boutht and Sold ; Lands
Located; and safe Investments made for Eastern Cap
italists. All Land Warrants sold by us arc guaranted perfect
in all respects,
Acres of Choice Lands,
For Sale in Nemaha and Richardson
Counties, Nebraska.
These lard9 were selected and locale I Immediately
after tbe Land Saies. and are amongst tbe most valua
blelwndstn th Territory.
We will e!l them at low price?, and on long time to
Actual t-et tiers.
WILCOX & BEDFORD,
Brownviile, N.T.,ec 8, IS59.
JOSEPH L. ROY,
23 l. 2L 33 E
ASD
HAIR DRESSER.
Main Street,
KIIOW t'VILLE, IV. T.
Clocks, Watches & Jewelry.
J. SCHITTZ
Would anaounceto thecitizens of Brawnville
and vicinity that he has located himself in
Brownviile, andirtends keeping a full assort,
lueni of everything in his lineof business, which will
be sold low for cash. He will also do all kinds of re
pairinc of clocks, watches and jewelry. All work war
ranted. 3nl81y .
CITY LI VERY STABLE.
WM. ROSSELL,
BROWNVIIiL.13, N. T.
Announces to the public that he is prepared to accom
modate those wUhing with Carriapes and Buggies; to
gether with soodnale horses, for comfort and ease in tra
velling. He will also board horses by the day. week or
month. ,
June 10, '63. 60tf
NEW gTTOCES..
IIS Hit fiOD 101
JUST SUITS THE PEOPLE.
THEY ARE OF EVERY GRADE,
Made of Good Stock,
AND OF EVERY PRICE.
And he Is hound to Sell Tor Casli,
or Exchange lor Hides,
' trifrv. Furs. clc.
CALL AND SEE HIM IF YOU WISH
TO SECURE CHOICE
SELECTIONS.
Ladies, Gentlemen and Children in want of any Alnd
iitr.ror.rttif fret, should not tall to BO to DEN,
hr.it, iM And an imniere stock of well made
tools, Shoes, G a Hers, and Ladies1
-.;.- Walking Boots,
" -hr for cheapness and excellence he pledges himself
cannot be surpassed in Uie upper country. . ,
1859. 1859.
liWiniL tST. JOSEPH It. IS,
ARCADE- SALOON!
XIA.IXT STREET,
(Over Seigle & Grecnbaurn's Clothing Store,)
Brownviile, N T.
The proprietor would mpectfull.y inform tbe pub
Snt ho hti opened upnnd established fr the re-
Xtb 11 OI irto inner man, as nit ihwto iucuhwuvw
place, wure nil can be accommodated with the best
of Wines and Liquois, and enjoy the soothing in
fluence of tho best quality of began?. A first class
Fhelan's Talent Combination Cushions, with all the
moderm improvements, is also on the premises for
the enioymcnt of alt who delight in this gentleman
ly and ocientific game. EVA
September na,
WOKTI1INO
nil-Cm
CHARTER OAK
Life Insurance Company,
Hartford, Conn.
Incorporated ly the Stale of Connecticut.
Capital SlocK 200,000.
With lnree and increasing surplus receipts,gccuro-
It invested under the sanction ana approval 01 iuc
Comptroller of rublic Accounts. (
OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS:
- JAMES C.WALKLF.Y, rresident.
JOHN L. BUXCE, Vice President.
ELIAS GILL, Secretary.
E. D.DICKERMAN, General Agent.
Alfred Gil!,
R. IHodgct,
X.Wheaton,
DIECTOBS :
Paniel Phillips, JohnL.Dunce,
J. A.Uutler, E. D. Dickcrman
Bam. Coit, Nelson Ilollister,
James C. Walkley.
Appl
nS-tf
B.Bcresford.M P. Consulting Phyfician.
A. S. IIolladay.M U, Medical hxaimncr.
ications received by K. W. FUKNA S. Ag't,
Urownviue, r
T.
CITY TRTJ1TK STORE.
FABSETT c CR0SSIJAII,
Manufacturers of
Traveling & Packing
VALISES, CARPET BAGS, 6 C.
Smith West corner of Tine and 3d st's,
D.
LE
A. C O T S TAB
IMPORTER AND DEALER 111
IRON, STEEL, NAILS,
Castings, springs,' axles, files
B L A C KSMAITirS TOOLS
Third Street, between J'elix and Edmond,
SAINT JOSEPH, MO.
: Which h sells at St. Louis prices for cash. ' )
Highest Frica Paid for Scrap Iron.
December I, 1659. -ly. ' . . I ;
JOHK. F. KINNEY. CI1AR. F. HOLLT.
KINNEY & HOLLY,
ATTORNEYS AT LAW,
IVEUHASKA CITY, IV T.
Will practice in the Courts of this Territory. Collec
tion and criminal business attended to throughout Ne
braska, Western Iowa, and Missouri. Will attend the
Courts at Brownviile!' v2n33-6m
E. S. DUNDY,
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
A RCIIEIt, ItlCUARDSOIf CO. N. T. .
WILL practice in the several Courts of the 2d Judicial
District, and attend to all matters connected with the
Profession. Wm. JIcLexnak, Esq., of Nebraska City,
will assist me in the prosecution of important Suits.
Sept. 10, '67-11-tf
GEORGE EDWARDS,
jTx. XX O XX ITSCT.
OFFICE Main St, East of Kinney If Holt f office,
Nebraska City, 2 . T,
Pernors who contemplate building can be furnished
with Designs, Plans, Specifications, &c, for bnildimrsoi
any class or variety of style, and the erection of the
same-tuperintendedif dosircd. Prompt attention paid
to business from a distance. 621 f
TYPE &, STEREOTYPE FOUNDRY
No. 103 Vine SUbetuFourthandTiftr..
tiiiclnnall, 0.
C. T. O'ORISCOLL & CO
Tanufactnrcrsand dealers in News, Book ana Job
i-'L Type, P. inting Presses. Cases, Gallies,e., Ac.
Inks, and Printing Material of Everv Description,
STEREOTYPING of nil kind Books. Music.
Patent. Medicine Dircctions.Jobs,Wood Engrevings,
Ac., f c.
Brand and Pattern Leilcrs.varioiisstyles,
SAINT JOSEPH
S7
JOSEPH, JIO.
WILLI Ail CAMEBOIS". A. .It,; Principal.
Completely organized as a first classFemnlc Boarding
and Day School. Number 'limited to 125, including 25
boarders. Scholastic year commenclnc first Monday In
September. For Catalogues, with lull particulars, ad
dress the Principal. , f ,. .
August 4tti, 1333."' " " ' 4n4tf "
Pioneer
air
pokbiuclery
ND " "'
1001
Manufactory.
COUNCIL BLUFFS, IOWA.
WILLIAM F. KITER,
Would respectfully inform the citizens iu Western
Iowa and Nebraska that ho has opened a first class
Cindery, and the only one ever established in this
section of country. I am now prepared to do all kinds
of work pertaining to the business.
Harper's. Grahaui's.Godcy's, Peterson's, Arthur's
;. Ballou'a. Frank Leslie's, Kniokbocker, Wa
verly, Hunt's, and Putnam's Magazines.
Mew York Ledger, Lallou's Picto
rial. Harper's Weekly, Scien-
tifio American, Vankco
Notions, Musical Review, Les
lie's Illustrated, Ladies Ucpository,"
Ladies Wreath, Atlantic Monthly,
Musiu, Law, Books, and Newspapers, or
books of any kind, old or new, bound or r. bound
in tho most approved styles, on short notice and low
prices. Old family Bibles rebound so as to look and
wear equal to new. ,
August 21, 1859. n7-ly
DROWX & CL5XTOX,
PRODUCE DEALERS,
Forwarding & Commission
MERCHANTS,
No. 78, North Levee, St. Louis, Mo.
Orders for Groceries and Manufactured Articles accu
rately tilled at lowest possible rates. Consignment for
sale and rc-6hipment respectully solicited. SUipments
of all kinds will be raithf ally attended to.
' Referrences :
Messrs. Gil Rea &. Co St. Louis
Birtlett. AlcComb & Co do
Gilbert, Miles it Stannard do
lion. W II Uufilngton. AuditorState of Missouri
J Q Harmon, Esq. Cairo City, 111.
MessrsMolony, Bro's&.Co NewOrleans, Louisiana
J D Jackson, Ksq., do do
Messrs ITinkle. Guild & Co, CincinnatO. '
F Ilammar tt Co do
Brandell & Crawford Louisville, Ky.
WoodrufTi. Huntington, Mobile, Ala.
n.Rillines, Esq., Beardstowu,Iil.
May 12, IS58 45-3 nt
" a. d. kirk,
Attorney at Law,
Land Acat and Xotary Public.
Rulo, Richardson Co., N. T.
Will practice in the Courtsof sistedNebraska.a
An.irdinsrand Bennett .Nebraskn City.
Saint Louis, Mo.
-nr i .. n all nrdera
lLl;!in our lice with promptness andonthe
the most reasonable terms, uoriion
ilarpe and complete and all of our own
manufacturinp. Those in want or articles in our hup,
fwholesaleorretail)wiHdowell toRive a call be
fcre purchn-s-tn elsewhere. A share of public patron-
apeis solicited.
MORTON HOUSE,
MAIN STREET,
X ERR A SKA C;iTY, AERRASEA.
T. I. GODDIN, Proprietor.
September. 23. 1SS9. tf.
Important to Farmers.
Messrs. James Challenfc. Son, PuMiahers Philadel
phia, will send any Apricnltural Work published in
America postpaid, on receipt of tbe retail price.
rlnl
ISHAM RE AVIS,
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
REAL ESTATE AGENT,
Falls l-Tty, Richardson County. Nebraska
Wi I re prompt attcnti.n to all professions! busi
ness intrusted to his care in Richardson and adjeining
counties; also to the drawin; of deeds, pre-emption pa
pers. Jlc c. Mavl3. 5S n46-6m
nlSv3-ly
: FALL ARRANGKMEM. . - -
Mornimt Train leve5t. Joseph at - - 6:00
I'lnnl,.. Tr.lr U.l'Al l'. dO - 6:40
l. J..ph to reached by the "Western Stapre Line.
Paskcneri. save time and tiresome stapinp by this rout.
J)Hr coimecti'.ii made at H;innibl with al!.Kastern
"ud Soiitliern Railroadh and Packets.
' J T D Haywood, Sup't., Hannibal.
DC Sawis , General Ardent, St. Joe.
P B Groat, G. Ticket Agent, Han'bal
Tnro. Hill, G. T.
November 24, iS59.
Ag't, BrownviUe.
J A M ES- II 0 G AN,
O OlS - I3i22.C3.02T,
BLANK EOOE MANUFACTURER,
Southeast cr. 2nd and Locust St's.
ST. LOUIS, MO.
All kinds of Blank Books, made of the best paper,rn1ed
to any pattern, and lewnl in the new imp roved patent
mode.
LIBA-IIIES PERIODICALS, IITJSIC.&C,
bound In any style, and atthe shortest notice.
Ilavinp been awarded the Premium at thelatt Me
chanic's Fair, he feels condident in insuring satisf action
to all who msveive him a call.
July ?2d, 1853. Iyv3n4
A. W. : ELLIOTT,
30" ul rse 37"
SEED AJ)EP0T,
Cor. Broadway andYas Street.
STv LOUIS, MISSOURI.
f Tlavinc purchased the entire nursery stock of John
Sii;gerson&. Bro.,I am prepared to ofler to the pnbiic
the larcestand best selected stoclt cf Fruit Shade, and
Ornamental faees, shrubs and plants ever urTered for
sale in the West. We iredctermined toofler such in
ducements to tree planters awl tho trade as will ensure
the most entire satisfaction. Descriptire catalogues will
be rumished, and auy informatior piven. by addresainp,
. . . . . at- nil nT
Saint Louis, Mo.
November 35, 'fi9-Iy.
Miscellaneo'ns.
The Cotton and Tobacco : of the
United States. ;
A most important movement is now
going on, between England arid France,
by which these two powerful nations are
about to be drawn together by a" more
powerful agency, than ever heretofore
operated upon them. The French empe
ror has determined on a change in the
commercial system of theonn'ry,' which
i$ ni'ost cordially met by England, by which
the productions of each nation will be in
troduced into the pjrts of the other, on
such terms as will counteract the hitherto
almost prohibitory character of their sys
tem. This change is likely to have a
very important baring, also, on the pro
ducts of this country; as our treaty wi.
France puts us on the fooling with tne
most favored nations'", "we presume that,
whatever reduction of duties she may
consent to mike in her treaty with Great
Britain, ihe, United States will be entitled
to share alike with her in her advantag
es. : .
The A. Y. Herald, in noticing the
changes thus being affected, alludes to
the fact, that' the ancles of greatest ex
port to France from ihe .United States,
consists of cotton and tobacco,' The cot
ton hence to France in 1858-'o9 amount
ed to 463,000 bales. Under the opera
tion of free trade it will soon be double.
We notice from the schedule of the re
duction of duties proposed by the Emperor
that on and after the 1st day of July
next the duty on cotton, now about 2 1-2
cents a pound, or from eight to ten dollars
per bale, is to be entirely abolished, and
that from October, 1S61, all prohibitions
are to cease. This, doubtless, looks 1o
the abandonment of the prohibitory duty
on tobacco, or to the abrogation of its
monpoly by the government.
The manufacture and sale of tobacco
are entrusted by the French government
to a commission known as the Kegie, and
who have a capital of forty five millions
of dollars. The average export of Amer
ican tobacco into France amounts to about
eighteen thousand hogsheads. About 1!
1-5 of the tobacco consumed in Europe is
the growth of the United States. The
revenue derived by . the French govern
ment from tobacco was in 1857 92,233
726 francs and in ,1852 95,344,008
francs. : .' . ( ' , . , '
From the tenor of .the, treaty with
France, it seems proposes to abolish
after the ; last of October 1S61, , the
prohibition and monopoly, on tobacco;
when this law goes into effect she will
export from this country eight or ten limes
the quantity that she at present receives
from the United States. With a fair duty
on this enormous consumption, says the
Herald, she would realize as much, ar.d
probably more revenue than she now re
ceives through the commission of the Re
sie- " . " . : :
The London Times shows the result of
the abolishment of the duties on cotton in
to that kingdom. The imports at that
period were 63,000,000 pounds, it is now
1,000,000,000 pounds.
This is one of the most giant facts which
stands head and shoulders higher then
the crowd so high and so broad that we
can neither overlook it nor affect not to
see it. It proves the existence or a thou
sand smaller facts that must stand under
its shadow. It tells of sixteen times us
many mills, sixteen times as many Eng
lish families living by working those
mills, sixteen times as much profit derived
from sixteen times as much capital en-
this manufacture. It carries
after it sequences of increased quantiy of
freights and insurances, and necessities
for sixteen times the amount of customers
to consume, to our profit, the immense
amount of produce we are turning out.
There are not many such facts as these,
arising in the routine of industrial his'o-
W " 1 1 .1.1.
ry. it is so large ana so steady mat , we
can steer our national policy by it ; it is so
important to us that we should be reduced
to embarrassment if it were suddenly to
disappear. It teaches us to persevere in
a policy which has produced so wonderful
a result; its benificent operation makes it
essential to us to deal carefully with it
now we have got it.
These facts should have an lntiuence
on the deliberations of our statesmen.
Would that the time could arrive when
this eternal sectional wrangling wold
cease, and the good men and true of our
whole nation would strive together tode
velope the resources and extend the com
merce of our common country.
, , . . '
Xsw Mode of Raising Seedling Potatoes! A
correspondent of the Ohio Cultivator snys: "Jtftcr
the vines having seed balls on have teen weil dnei
nftcrbcins frosted in the fall, collect as manjbilla
as uiayTjc wanted, squeeze the pulp out in a basin
of wateV, wash all the pulp out b frequent rinsing",
spread the seed on a board, set upon the kitchen
. . . . . llTf l t
mantle until well dried ; ran mem ana oiow ou& an
but the bc3tand heaviest seed. Sow them the
next stirinjr io a hot-bed, a jou would tomato seed,
and at tho same time jou would raise early tomatoes
transplant after spring trosts as . oca 33 the ground
will pulverize well into rich new tr well mannred
old ground in rows one set in a place two feet apart
each wny. Cultivate well by hilling np tho young
vines growing to prevent their falling down and mil
dewing prematurely. Tbe better the tillage tho finer
will bo their size, ami the more abundant the
viel.1 - . "' ' '
The correspondent 8nys,'44From one rod square of
rich ground of clay soil 1 rassea oy ice aoove taoae
the last season two bushels of some half ' dozJn dis
tinct kinds, from the seed balls gathered front the
pure white Nehanoek three-fourths of which were
large; full-sized potatoes although planted latein the
spring. . . . ..
- .1 1 m.
Those who, rrom tne cesire or-' our
perfection, have the keenest eye for our
faults, generally compensate for it by tak
ing a higher view of our merits than we
deserve. : - :
New Process for Grinding Wheat.
We have been shown by R. L. Allen,
manufacturer of agricultural implements,
a handsome specimen of flour obtained
by a new process of unbranning the
wheal kernal, by which, according to the
statement of the manufacturer, S Bentz,
Esq., of St. Louis, ihe great fact has
been fully demonstrated that in the man
ufacture of a barrel of flour, a practical
savii g is made of from 20 to 30 pounds
of wheat" Reckoned in cash, a saving
of at least twenty cents pec barrel is
guaranted, over and above any other mode
of milling, though the absolute gain is
claimed to be much more" than these fig
ures indicate. The berry is first divest
ed of its outer coat, previous to grinding.
In this State, as appears from the speci
ni:ns, the 'berry has a hard, polished
look, somewhat resembling a minute sea
shell. Of course, with the exterior cov
ering, is removed every trace of impuri
ty. An additional advantage claimed, and
one of no small consequence, is that the
flour, will not sour in the tropics. The
mills recently completed in St. Louis are
now producing fiom 130 to 150 barrels
of flour per day, and a movement is mak
ing to organize for operation on a much
larger scale. N. T. Journal of Commerce.
. From the American Stock Journal.
Cattle Growing on the Prairies.
This business at the West is subject to
a few drawbacks which the East does
not share with it. Chief among these
are the natural fountains bursting from
the Eastern hill-sides, A-hich are gener
ally wanting on the Prairies. But fre
quent streams partially remedy this evil,
furnishing water to the herds upon the
unfenced "prairie range." Many prai
rie farms are destitute of water for the
stock ihough a new method of draining,
called mole draining, promises some
thing toward supplying fountains on these
places; but wells must be the main de
pendance of farms not located upon liv
ing streams. w.
For the butter-dairy the water of the
creeks and slough streams is riot equal to
the mountain springs cf New York and
Vermont, but cheese can be made from
the same dairy fully equal to Herkimer's
best. . . j : ...
In choosing a location for growing cat
tle on the prairies, durable water should
be a chief consideration extensive range
gives pasturage in abundance wherever
water is found, while the contrary is not
always the case.
The East has an advantage over us in
economically . supplying durable shelter
for stock. Very much of the great prai
ries of Iowa and Nebraska are destitute
of lumber sufficient for building purpos
es, and must mainly depend upon straw
and hay, which they can have in abun
dance for material for protecting animals
from the sweeping storms of winter. By
access to the timber regions of the North,
we are more cheaply supplied in Illinois,
but even here the cost of lumber involves
too considerable an outlay of capital for
the beginner to supply at once good and
sufficient, durable and permanent protec
tion. To supply this want, various de
vices are adopted ; among which, a chief
reliance is the huge piles of badly stack
ed straw annually made. Indeed many
cattle and horses are condemned to run
in the cornfields all winter, and subsist
upon the ungathered, weather-beateD
stalks and leaves without any protection.
It is very true that cattle, in this way, do
exceedingly well in mild weather in ear
ly winter, but all animals need a shelter
ing roof, as well as protection from the
winds. How many calves are stunted for
life, by a day's severe exposure to a cold
wet storm in the spring of the year, so
thai they never gain the proportions they
would otherwise have assumed. So it is
with growing animals as one day of
very severe labor injures man more than
months of ordinary service, so one or two,
or three at most, of the very hard storms
of winter do the mischief of the season,
damaging herds more than is regained in
months, indeed if it ever fully recover.
Then the hard winter as a season of cold
and non-production, receives the blame
for the mischief, when it is all chargea
ble to a few days of snow or rain temp
est, which thousands of cattle are oblig
ed to bear through all its dreadful pelt
ings, with the torturing pains of the pil
lory. It matters not what blood or breed
they are ; on such days of storm, cattle
need protection. Indeed, it must be
an acclimated race to get through with
the breath of life in them. I know that
the voice of the farmers of this region is
against the existence of such an impera
tive necessity for protection, but the low
condition of their stock in the spring,
with the increased cost of winter keep
ing over what it need have been, is evi
dence enough against them. Thedecrease
in flesh through the winter being charge
able to winter
item of expense.
This need not be economical shelter
can be given, which, with present keep
ing, would save them in full weight for
the pasture of spring and do much, very
much, in a few years, towards raising
our cattle to the point of excellence they
should attain. , Straw is abundant every
where, and in many places prairie grass
can be gathered too coarse for hay which
makes excellent hovel covers.
For winter forage the upland grasses
of the prairie are rut and furmh a nu
tricious . and palatable diet. Then we
have the range of the cornfields, which,
after the corn is picked, the stalks not
being cat, give in fair weather ia early
keeping, and is the chief
winter, a full supply of food on which
cattle thrive and fatten. Braving the el
ements in later winter for food to save
life, is what retards the growth of west
ern animals.
The East has also a slight advantage
over the West in proximity to market.
But all advantages are over-balanced in
the unsettled parts, by the wide range for
summer and the quantity . and quality of
winter forage. Indeed in many places
in Illinois and more in oilier States in the
West, vast herds ian subsist on pasture,
rent free. Corn, for fattening, being
easily and cheaply produced reuders this
an excellent place for stock-growing
both growing and fattening being less ex
pensive than East.
Hence the importance of endeavoring
to produce by careful improvement a good
race or breed of cattle for the beef mar
kets of the East, as well as to supply the
demand for work cattle on the plains.
And this we may do but as an occasion
al storm of passion marks the blandest
countenance of parent and offspring with
tell-tale lines, and will hinder upward
progress in the scale of being, so the
causes of which we have spoken, though
considered unimportant, will hinder the
best blood from proper and full develop
ment. Do we place too high an estimate
upon care and keeping in the improve
ment of a herd? We believe not and
further, that whatever accident may oc
casionally do in the way of producing
fine animals, a universal good result can
not be gained until animals are fed reg
ularly, and kept sheltered from the ''aw
ful" days spoken of in winter, and the
severe cold nights.
Most farmers wish lo so manage their
farms that a profit on the labor will be
realized." How can a larger profit be
gained than by furnishing shelter and a
little grain daily, thereby keeping on the
summer flesh which will pay we for the
grain, besides saving the wear and tear
cf constitution occasioned by cold and
storm. An animal going into winter-quarters
weighing ten hundred pounds, should
see the next May with the same weight;
and if it does, it is then possessing its
full powers 'of strength and spirits, and
is fitted to breed from or propagate by, or
to turn to pasture to fatten upon the nat
ural material for beef making in warm
weather the abundant prairie grasses.
On the other hand, as now wintered, we
give the cost of keeping fifty head of
'haf to n steers," as follows :
Dh. To 50 tens Lay S3 per ton; $150
" one fourth their live weight
t (being their best beef and tal
low, without bone or waste.)
value fully 5 cents per pound, 312
Care and looking after, $2 each. 100
Total, 8562
Credit, in Spring to balance by 50
head of lean steers, taking nearly all
summer to overtake last October's po
sition. The account as it might and should be
is shown a3 follows :
Dr. To wintering 50 steers by
good and ample hovels well
covered, S 25
" 50 tons hay, 150
" 200 bushels of corn at 30 cts., 60
Care and attention, 150
Loss nothing. Total, S3S5
Difference in cost, S177. Gain cr
profit up to May first, S4S9. By first of
next November one third increase over
the last figures. Artal,
Lee County III.
Everything in Its Proper Time.
The secret of success in farming, as in
everything else, is in doing things always
at just the right ttme. There is hardly a
day in the year that something cannot be
done to facilitate some necessary work.
The reason why some men are always
behind with their work their planting or
sowing too late their crops overtaken by
weed. their grain and grass too ripe be
fore they are harvested, is becausi; they
put off" too many things for to-morrow,
that should be attended to to-day. Every
day brings its duties and labors upon the
farm, and he who allows the labor of one
day to crowd upon another, is always a
little too late with everything, and he at
once concludes he was born to bad luck.
'A stitch in time saves nine."
Frota the Omaha Republican.
Fruit 1
Having often been questioned as to
whether our soil and climate is adapted
to the cultivation of fruit trees, a few
remarks on the subject may be interest
ing to your readers. To the above ques
tion I have always given an affirma
tive answer. Having devoted a large
portion of my time, for the last twenty
years, to the cultivation of fruit ia the
East, in about tho same latitude as Ne
braska, and have always been successful,
I feel safe in saying that this is a good
fruit country. Our soil is rich in all the
ingredients necessary ' to promote the
growth of trees and is warm and thor
oughly drained, all of which are indis
pensably necessary to the swift and ear
ly growth of fruit. Our winters are
mild, cur springs not subject to fost after
the middle of April, our falls not until
the middle of October, which together
with our fine summers, not only add to the
growth of the tress, but are an idication
that our fruit will be superior in size and
flavor and greater in quantity.
Being far from any fruit-growing coun
try it is necessary for us to raise fruit for
ourselves. A great extent cf country is
opening West of osf and hence , &a im
portance cf planting trees with a liVcral
hand. .. In planting orchards the rr.ost t c
cnomical method cf planting and prur.ing
should be adopted. Tho kind that v;ill
raise the greatest quantity per acre with
the least possible expense, and the ease
with which the fruit can be gathered,
should be duly considered. Apple trees
need not be over twenty feet opart each
way, if planted i a quincunx form, and
should be so pruned that ilni hf will
be formed from two to fctir feet I'rcia tho
grouqd. Trc.i so rented will btar ear
lier and more abundantly, and the fryit
can be gathered at alcut two-thirds the
expense that it can en tall :reo Thu
practice of pruning orchards so that hor
ses and cattle can walk under th? l;mbs,
I dislike, as being in tad taste, and un
natural, and should be abandoned. ..No
one ever saw a high tree that was thrif
ty, or bore good fruit.
Joel T. Gairris.
Fair View Farri, .V. T.
The Ycgctat-Is Garden,
We take the following from the Indhr.a.
Farmer :
The following from the pen of the Hor
ticultural editor of the Jfrine Fur.uer,
contains some of the besi things that have
yet been said on tfi2 subject. A regard.-
tho size of the farm garden, wo cannot
quite consent that it should be very small.
Of course, it should bo fenced, and fenced--strongly
and neatly. To fence a sinh;
rod, would require four reds, if it lo in a
regular square, and more if in fir.y ether
shape. Four rods of fence for ou3 red
of land, is too much. If the garden will
measure four rods each way, making six
teen rods of land, it would require six.
teen rods of fence, at the rate tf cn? rod
of fence to each rod of land, only cn3
quarter as expensive per rod inclosed, as
in the other case. If the garden wore to
contain half an acre, and be ten rods lor.;
by eight wide, it would cost but 36-50, or
considerably less than half a rod of fence
to inclose half a red of soil ; and you
would then have a garden worth some
thing, one in which could be grown plenty
of vegetables and fruits. Do not be afraid
of growing too much. If you should have
a surplus, and no tale, you could give -away
some and not le the poorer for. it,
but the richer, at least so at heart; ai?i 1
even if none would "accept them, they
would be worth thi mere cost cf grcwir.g :
for your animals. There is no sort o?
danger of being impoverished ly k-?pir:g
a good garden, and of a good siz. Half
an acre is not a foot too much. Hcwev
er, forty rods, ten rods, or even one,. is
better than nothing. Suit yourself a to
the size, but don't fail to fellow the advioe
ot the Maine Farmtr, below: ;
"We feel no cause to enlarge upon tho
value cf a good vegetable garden. Its
value is, or ought to be, self evident to
every intelligent farmer. We know that
if all their wives were assembled in con
vention, they would unanimously vote a
good vegetable garden to bean indi?pen
sible part of a good farm." Why, ii's haU'
of a good living, a great enemy to phy
sic, a sovereign antidote to half the ilk of
country 1'fe, a real blessing to the thrifty
house-wife and good cook a just sourco
of pride to every cultivator. The privil
ege to cultivate fruits and vegetables, is
one of the inalienable rights t.f the acrri
culturist. Farmers, stand i:p to your
rights! Would you preserve health and
study economy, mind the vegetable gar
den. We speak to you thus early about
it, that you may commence the good work
in time. It is a matter that does not td
mii of delay; if you-wish to be success
ful you roust Co the work at the right
time plant good, pure, fresh seed, of tho
best varieties, on the be3t soil, and in tho
most careful manner. If you did plow
your land last fall, get at it the moment
the ground is in condition this spring. .
Don't be afraid of plowing it too much;
garden ground cannot well be plowed too'
deep, too fine, or too often. Let the first
furrow be plowed in the garden, it will '
pay. Always select a place a3 near tho
rear cf the house a3 possible ; it argues a ,
want of thoughtful consideration for tho
wife and daughters to place tho garden a
half-mile off", irr some field. A southern
aspect is best fcr most crop?, especially
for early ones. Draining is an important
thing ; never neglect it. " Be liberal with
manure, and be sure to haul it cut before
the busy time ccmc3. Don't t so rank, '
coarse manure; let it bo fine and well
rotted. Some crops, as carrot3. parsnips,
vegetable oysters, &c, must It- planted,
early to insure success. Don't plant more
than you will really need, unless youplant
fcr market; a little patch well cared for
13 'what you want. Don't fore: e; to pre
pare a hot-bed, for that's another cf your
special privileges a. luxury that costs but ,
little. '
Experience in 'i'erjperlns Ticks.
In the first place, a ood charcoal fire n
necessary, next good steel, then a good
light hammer, a good smooth-faced an-,
vil, and a man with a good eye and judg-"
ment- A pick must never be upset or
hammered endwise, nor raised above a
red heat; it must be worked with care,
and the last hammering given to tho l!at
sides. - When: ready for hardening it
must be heated in tho blaze cf a char
coal fire until red-hot,- th?n plunged into
cold rain water until it ij nearly cold. t
If it is kept in too long the corners will
fly off; and if tho water is not siiiUcient
ly cold add ice, but no sal:? of my kind.
With good steel and proper wo.-king. I
have' found no trouble to get pieks bird
enough with soft wa;.r, v tho-? "oa.vo
always been mor? tcngh nd 1 avo stood
W9f 9 WIs aay o;her. F. F. S.
r .