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About Nebraska advertiser. (Brownville, Nemaha County, N.T. [Neb.]) 1856-1882 | View Entire Issue (Oct. 6, 1859)
i TUB ADVERTISER, t . ! nUlUKV EYKRY TUCRSDAT BT od slury iroadk,r'8 Block' Main stroct I unoivwii.i.t:, . t. XHRMS: if ' ioivric, - - - - $t 00 r"- ,."; Li tttc cMof smontin s to " . 12 3 00 " . . ... triii ,e fiirtii.-licJ at 61 0 per " ?-,.J',l U.ccaso nccBipaiitcf Ue oi.der, not THE . ADVERTISER; til xJ h Ay -Ay Ay Ay ..i-r. ' : . ....- . . - -- "Free to Form and Regulate ALL their Domestic Institutions in tuclr own war, subject only to the Constitution of the United States." RATE3 OI ADVERTISING: One square (10 llne t 1) one ia-.crtiun, Kac!i ad'litional insertion, --- Oae u ure. iouu th, ------- Bimnec CriUcf six lUctur ICiS, t ic jctf", one Column one year, - -- -- -- - One-half Coibiuu bi.c year, ------ j One fourth Column one yor. - - - - -I One euhtti Column one je.r, - - - - CapcoiaTi3bi.tEi.Ltt, ------- OTio bait Column six math-t, - ue fourth Column six uionttH, - - - - - Oue cULih Column ix kJuntr.l, - - - - Or.e Column tbree ukiiH.i, ...... Oae hair Column three BiutKis, - -Oae fourth Column three mviitfci, . -.-One etscbth C"lurun three montl., - - - - Announcing caxJiJutCiforc-ftKc (iu a Jviice,) .fit co o - XUr 6 l CO to 35 lv . ; iv 1C u c-5 to iJ u JO Ur 6 Cv 2 J l 13 IV 10 Go Of - 6 ou VOL. IV. BROWNVILLE, NEBRASKA, THURSDAY, OCT. 6, 1859. NO. 13. S 1 N K S S 0 A II D S . TJ. C. JOHNSON, ATTORNEY AT LAW, sJuClTOR IN CHANCKRY Ural iMatc Ascnt, UKOWKVILLE, X. T. R K F K B NC B S . IT .n Wm.Tcup, Muntro?c,Pa. V i. " j; y, -i.x. . I ',', (). MwIt, Chicago, III. .'!;... P. Fowler, u V I'u'-nas.Ufownrillc.N .1 . THE TERRITOUIAL QUESTION. The Division I J nc Ilctivccn Fed eral AiilSiorlty Popular Sove reignty in tlic Territories. BY KTEP'ILX A. EOVCLAS. ConclaJcd. " E. I.1ATHIEU Cabinet & Wagon-Maker " ,ii Ftrat.'bet. Sixt n nd faevenm, ruiivf ii'-wl". etc.. prompt lj- I..nc xT JOHN McDONOUGH r. Sign, & Onv.imcntul Paiuter, CLA'MKR, fyc. iijiowxvim.i:, t, V,i.t ji. Ipe t tl.eCiiy lru2 Sw.rc. -42 LINN" ' C1IAS. V. UOLLV. ' WlNXnY & HOLLY, ATTORNEYS AT LAW, V' A ,n :. Courts ..r tim ii'hm ( . ..''.!,, , ,1 l.ui:ipt nlU'li k"l to ll-rou:. f , it H: wli il i0. C.Uoc- ut N- Will Jittfll.l the v2n33-6ni ! E. S. DUNDY, ATTORNEY AT LAW, MrrjuiR, nini Annso?! co. '. t. WII.l. pr.li-.-e iii the -vor.il C -i.rts f tl.c M ' :""' , ;, ; ,-..l.i-t....l t ,..11 msitw ciinH-tp.l wi.h the u. McLKSSAN. K .ot M-I.rask t.l, ,,i-t mo in iLa pro-eution ol iiiu-oi-tuiit bui.s. ;'. 10, '--U-tf Thus the policy of the Colonies on the Slavery question had assumed n direct antagonism to that of the British Govern ment ; and this antagonism not only add ed to the importance of the principle of local self-government in the Colonies, tut produced a general concurrence of opi nion and action in respect to the question of Slavery in the proceedings of the Con tinental Congress, which assembled at Philadelphia for the first time on the 5th j of September, 1774. I On the 14th of October, the Congress j adopted a Iiill of Rights for the Colonies, in the form of a series of resolutions, in j which, after conceding to the British Gov j eminent the power to regulate commerce j and do such other things as affected the j general welfare of the Empire without j interfering with the internal polity of the i Colonies, thev declared, -'That they are entitled to a free and exclusive power in their several provincial Legislatures, where the right of representation can alone be preserved, in all cases of taxation and internal polity." Having thus defin ed the principle for which they were con tending, the Congress proceeded to adopt the "Peaceful. Measures," which they still hoped would be sufficient to induce compliance with th ir just and reasonable C. V. "WHEELER, Architect and Builder MISS MARY TURNER, MILLINER AND DRESS MAKER. Mtin Stroet, one d-or above Cnrsons Hank. IJKOWNVI l A A) S. T. l, units and Tnimnings altcays on hand. ' JAMES WT G IBSON, BLACKSMITH ScciiJ Strei t.lictw.M-n Main a:iJ NeLras-ka, UUOWXVILLE, N. T. demands. These "Peaceful Measures consisted of addresses to the King, to the Parliament, and to the people of Great , I Rritain, together with an Association of Nun-Intric ure to be observed and main tained so long as their grievances should remain unredressed. The second article of this Association, which was adopted without opposition, and signed by the Delegates from all the Col onies, was in these words : Clocks, Watches & Jewelry. J. SC1HTTZ ( W,.'!-,,'. aiui'ii!icM.) Um- citizens t.f Hrownville YS .i:nl i.iuitv tliat lie lias loc.itc-J hinelf in ifBrownville, nn-J i t.tei.'l, koci ing a full nssort. m.ki .,r i-vci vilain in Lis liner harness, wLich will V...M .,w f.,r ra-h. lie will alo 1 all kinl r rc ...Mr.fi!'.,f . ll-: iatchit, Mul jewelry. All work war- tlllttl'.l. vSnlSly DR. 1). GWIN, Having pcrmanentlv located in IHIOWNVILLE, NEBRASKA, l'.,r tl.o .r.iftie of M-Ji, inv Surgery, ten-il-r lii i i,r.i'c-i(o:t MTViccb to the a Mil' U-1. 1" DlVe n Main Stn-ct. .23v3 FENNER FERGUSON, Attornev. and Counsellor KLLK-VUKf NEBRASKA. :.. GEORGE .EDWARDS, V. 31. O XX IT E CT. r OFFll L Mam St. LuttnJ Kmnry ir Holly t ojice, Nebraska City, W . T. rcT:cii wbft c in emp'Htc binding c lc furnished hU P4:us.lM.ii!s.:iecirirti..tis. Sc., for but Idincs i iu,v, U..s .r vaneiy of Mvlc. an.i the eieciioii of tl.c i:?i.iil.pnii:en.li;lif Ju-.nea. I'luwitt atlculioti paid t ;ust!ioss fi-'iu a litalle. 6-lf "Tlint wc will neitlier import nor purohnse any l.ive imported after the 1st day cf DeceiiilnT next, niter whicli time wc will who'ly dinuontinuo tins Slave-trade. ami wc will neithrr be couoernvd in it ourselves, n ir will wo hire our ve.-Melii, liar 5cll our i-oiniiiodities or tuanufaeturei to those who arc enga ged in it." The Bill of Rights, together with these Articles of Association, were subsequent ly submitted to, and adopted by each of the thirteen Colonies in their respective Provincial Legislatures. Thus was distinctly formed between the Colonies and the parent country that issue upon which the Declaration of In dependence was founded and the battles uf the Revolution were fought. It invol ved the specific claim on the part of the Colonies denied by the King and Parli ament to the exclusive right of legisla tion touching all local and internal con corns, Slavery included. This being the principle involved in the contest, a majo rity of the Colonies refused to permit their Delegates to sign the Declaration of tes in the Union, having claims to waste and unappropriated lands in the Western country, a liberal cession to the United States cf a portion of their respective claims for the common benefit of the Union." On the 20th day of October, 17S3, the Legislature of Virginia passed an act authorizing the delegates in Congress from that State to convey to the United States "the territory or tract of country within the limits of the Virginia Charter, lying and bearing to the northwest of the River Ohio," which grant was to be made upon the "condition that the territory so ceded shall he laid out and formed into States," and that "the States so formed shall be distinct Republican States, and admitted members cf the Federal Union, having the same rights of Sovereignty, Freedom and independence as the other States." On the 1st day of March, 1781, Thomas Jefferson and his colleagues in Congress executed the deed of cession in pursuance of the act of the Virginia Le gislature, which was accepted and order ed to "be recorded and enrolled among the acts of the Luiited States in Congress assembled." This was the first territory ever acquired, held or owned by the Uni ted States. On the same day of the deed of cession, Mr. Jefferson, as Chairman of a Committee which had been appoint ed, consisting of Mr. Jefferson, of Virgi nia, Mr. Chase, of Maryland, and Mr. Howell, of Rhode Island, submitted to Congress "a plan for the temporary gov ernment of the territory ceded or to be ceded by the individual States to the Uni ted States." It is important that this Jeffersonian Plan of government for the Territories should be carefully considered for many obvious reasons. It was the first plan of government for the territories ever adop ted in the United States. It was drawn by the author of the Declaration of Inde pendence, and revised and adopted by those who shaped the issues which produ ced the Revolution, and formed the foun dations upon which our whole American system of government rests. It was not intended to be either local or temporary in its character, but was designed to apply to all "territory ceded or to be ceded," and to be universal in its application and eternal in its duration, wherever and whenever we might have a territory re quiring a government. It ignored the right of Congress to legislate for the peo ple of the territories without their con sent, and recognized the right of the peo ple of the territories, when organized in to political communities, to govern them selves in respect to their local concerns and internal polity. It was adopted , by the Congress of the Confederation on the 23d day"of April, 1784, and stood upon the Statute Book as a general and per manent plan for the government of all territory which we then owned or should subsequently acquire, with a provision declaring it to be a 'Charter of Compact,' and that its provisions should stand as Independence except upon the distinct "fundamental conditions between the A. D. KIRK, Attorney at Law, Land vieat si ml o1aiy ; Public. Ru!o, Richardson Co., A". T. Vi;ipr;itieein the C ttrt?of ?i.-t dN'ebraskn .a y lUrJiniiud Itcnnctt .Nclrutka City. A. S. "'HOLLADAYrM. D. K.-H nr.ilv inform Ins fricids in Hmwnvillc and Iniim- Iijir vtci.iity thai lie lias resumed tlie practice ol lf-flicisir9 "Stirpfcry, &. Obstetrics, "1 !i"H s.lr Mrict HtnuioTi to hi profession, to receive f tut n-utr.,s yMri'iiae I t voiore extenUl to hnn. In j i'l-cv ut, t: Is j.s.-i rovpe lient. a rerttiua Jinnc-swiil lip .lone Oil. cat City Drug Siore. Ft!,. -S3. 35 ly SAINT JOSEPH MULE COLLEGE, ST. JOSEPH, MO. "tt'ILl.IAM CAMERON", A. M., Principal. '"nr.Vtoir orpni7el a a first class Feinnle Bar.lmc '! ?. s.-L.m.i . Numt.cr limited t. lift, iwltidtni! 5 'ill... s,-!i.iiastn vt-nr O'liitneii. iou' rirst Monday In I'lM.iSor. Tor Catalogues, with full particulars, ad- -'iM 4ili. ls..9. vjn-ltf VJ7; YOURMOXKYJ.YD GO TO WJb T- DFX, IT SI M 111, Wholesale ami He ;u! dealer in BOOTS AND SHOES. llrotcnrille, -V. T. . HAS NOW OX HA XI) a larsc mid well select a7 J id st.kof iiitutsftiid Shoes, Iidy': and Gent.' I'.. '"JiturM and SlimK-rs of every variety ; alto, V.Ii?.es and Children shoes of every kind that I ''U Mil chv.er for Cash or Tr-Mlucc th;ui any other 1 ' ie west r st. Louis. All work warranted; order rf.irtfn!iy solicited. Tl, lliheNt Cash jricepaid foT Hides. Pelts and yiiri., ' e,o cay 11 tot and Shoe Sirrc. Cut LcaUicr kci-t for nvilic, June 2d, '&X n49jf- con lition and express reservation to each Colony of the exclusive right to manage and control its local concerns and police regulations without the intervention of any general Congress which might be established for the United Colonies. Let us cite one of those reservations as a specimen of all, showing conclusively that they were fighting for the inalienable right of local self-government, with the clear understanding that when they had succeeded in throwing off the despotism of the British Parliament, no Congres sional despotism was to be substituted for it: 'Wo the Delegates of Man l.uid, in Convention nsfeuibleil. (kxleelnre tliat the King of Ureut iri!ain has vi-ilatcd Lis eumpnet with tln eni'le, nnl t'nal they i'Wo i;o ullcj.'iui;ee to hirr. We have therefore thought it ju.-'t Hnd neee.snry to empower our Ieju tios in Congress to join with a liiaji-rity of the Unit ed Colonies in declaring them frceand independent State?, iu fianiing such further confederation be tween them, in making foreign alliances and in adopting such uther measures as shall be judged ne cessary for the reservation of their liberties : I'roridctl, The Frdc and exclusive right of regu lating the internal indity and government t,f this Colony be rest rvrd to the people thereof. We'harc also thought proper U call a new Con vention for the urjuisc of ett.nLlishing a new gov ernment in this (. o! ny. No ainbiticus view, no desire of independence, induced the peopled .Maryland to form a unienwith the ether Colonies. To procure an exemption from the l'arliauientary taxation, und to eoutiuuu to the Legislatures of these Colonics the M.lo ond exclusive right of regulating their Internal Polity, was cur original nnd only motive. To maintain inviclate our liberties, and to transmit them unimpaired to pos teritv.was our dut3' mid first wihh : ournext, to eon tinue connected with and dependent on Great Prit nin. For t lie truth of these assertions we appeal to that Almighty Peing who is emphatically styled the Searcher of hearts-, and from whose omniscience none is concealed. Pelyiugon His Divine protection and assistance, and trusting to the justice of our en use, i we exhort and wmjure every virtuous eitiz. n to join ; enrdiallT in defence of our common ri'.'hts, and in ! - thirteen original Stages and those newly described, unalterable but by the joint consent of the United States in Congress assembled, and of the particular State within which such alteration is proposed to be made." Thus the Jeffersonian Plan fo.- the government of the territo ries this "Charter of Compact" these "fundamental conditions," which were declared to be unalterable" without the consent of the people of "the particular State (Territory) within which such al terati?n is proposed to be made," stood on the statute book when the Convention assembled at Philadelphia in 17S7 and proceeded to form the Constitution of the United States. Now let us examine the main provi sions of the Jeffersonian plan: 7rf '"Tliat the territory ceded or to be ceded by the individual State to the United States, whenever the eauic shall have been purchased of the Indian inhabitants, nud oflered for sale by the United Sta tes, shall be furxed into additional States," ie. The Plan, proceeds to designate the ! boundaries and territorial extent of the I "proposed additional States," and then provides : .VteowJ "Thnt the settlers within the territory so to be purchased and offered for ale, shall, either oa tbeirottn p tilioa i r on the order of Congress, rec eive authority f rain them, with appointments of time and place, for the ir free m.iK-s of full age to meet to- gctlitrfor the purpose of establishing a temporary government, to ud pt the Constitution and laws of j unv one ot these Xates, ' the thirteen original pta- inhabitants, the Plan contemplates that they shall continue to govern themselves as Slates, having, as provided in the Vir ginia deed of cession, "the same rights of sovereignty, freedom, and independence," in respect to their domestic affairs and internal polity "as the other States," un til they shall have a population equa to the least numerous of the original State?; and in the mean time shall keep a sitting member in Congress, with a right of de bating but not of voting, when they shall be admitted in the Union, on an equal fooling with the other States, as follows : Fourth "That whenever any of the ha d States shall have cf free inhabitants as tianyai shall then be in any one of the least numerous of the thirtjcn .original States, such State shall be admitted by its delegates into the Congress of the United States on an cijual footing with the thirteen original States." And 'Until such admission by their delegates into Cou gress, any ot the said State after tbo establishment of their temporary Government, shall have authori ty to keep a sitting member in Congress, with the right of debating, but not of voting. Attached to the provision which appears iu this paper under the "third" head is a proviso, containing five propositions, which when agreed to and accepted by the peo ple of said additional States, were to "te formed into a charter of compact," and to remain forever "unalterable," except by the consent of such States as well as of the United States to wit: "I'rorided that both the temporary nnd perma noat governments be established on these principles as their basis : iVrf That they shall forever remain a part of the United States of America. Second That in their persons, property, and ter ritory, they shall be subject to the Government of j the L nitot Mates in Congress assembled, and to the Articles of Confederation in all thotC cases in which the original States shall be subjoet. Third That they shall be subject to pay a part of the federal debts contracted, or to bo contracted, to bo apportioned on them by Congres, according to thesamo common rule and measure by which appor tionments thereof shall be madeou the other States Fourth That their respective- governments shall be in republican form, and shall admit no person to be a, citizen who holds au hereditaiy title." The fifth article, which relates to the prohibition of Slavery after the year 1600, having been rejected by Congress, never became a part of the Jeffersonian Plan of government for the territories, as adopted April 23, 17S4. The concluding paragraph of this Plan of Government, which emphatically ig nores the right of Congress to bind the people of the territories without their consent, and recognizes the people there in as the source of all legitimate power in respect to their internal polity, is in these words: 'That all the preceding articles shall bo formed into a charter of compact, shall be duly executed by flic President of the United States, in Congress as sembled, under his hand and the seal of the United States; shall be promulgated, and shall stand as fun damental conditions between the thirteen original States and those newly described, unalterable but by the joint consent of the United States in Con gress assembled, and of the pariicular Sttto within which such alteration is proposed to be made." It is true that the Government of the Confederation had proved totally inade quate to the fulfillment of the ends for which it was devised ; not because of the relations between the Territories, or new States, and the United States, but in con sequence of having no power to enforce its decrees on the r ederal questions which were clearly within the scope of its ex pressly delegated powers. The radical defects in the Articles of Confeder ation were fouud to consist in the fact that it was a mere league between sov ereign States, and not a Federal Govern ment with its appropriate departments Executive, Legislative and Judicial each clothed with authority to perform and carry into effect its own peculiar func- ! tions. lhe Conlctleration having no power to enforce compliance with its re solves, Vthe consequence was, that though in theory the resolutions of Congress were equivalent to laws, yet in practice they were found to be mere recommendations, which the States, like other sovereignties observed or disregarded according to their own good-will and gracious pleas ure." . Congress could not impose duties, collect taxes, raise armies, or do any oth er act essential to the existence of gov ernment, without the voluntary consent and cooperation of each of the States. Congress could resolve, but could not car ry its resolutions' into eflect could re commend to the States to provide a reve nue for the necessities of the Federal Government, but could not use the means necessary to the collection of the revenue when the States failed to comply- could those rights of property in slaves which were sacred under the laws and constitu tions cf their respectire States so long as the Federal Government had no power to interfere with the subject. In like mariner, the non-slarehclding States, while they were entirely willing to provide for the surrender of all fugi tive slaves, as is conclusively shown by the unanimous votes of all the States in the Convention for the provision now under consideration, and to leave each State perfectly free to own slaves under its own laws, and by virtue of its own separate and exclusive authority, so long as it pleased, and to abolish it when it chose, were unwilling to become responsible for its existence by incorporating it into the Constitution as a national institution, to b? protected and regulated, extended and controlled by Federal authority, regard less of the wishes of the people, dud in defiance of the local laws of the several States and Territories. For these oppo site reasons the Southern and Northern States united in giving a unanimous vote in the Convention for that provision of the Constitution which recognizes Slavery as a local institution in the several Slates where it exists, "under the laws thereof," ' and provides for the surrender of fugitive slaves. It only remains to be shown that the Compromise measures of ISoO, and the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1&51 are in perfect harmony with, and a faithful em bodiment of the principles herein enfor ced. A brief history of those measures will disclose the principles upon which thev are founded. On the 29th of - January, 1S50, Mr. Clay introduced into the Senate a series of resolutions upon the Slavery question, which were intended to form the basis of the subsequent legislation upon that sub ject. Pending the discussion of these re solutions, the Chairman of the Committee on Territories prepared and reported to the Senate, on the 25 th of March, two bills, one for the admission of California into the Union of States, and the other for the organization of the Territories of Utah and New Mexico, and for the ad justment of the disputed boundary with the State of Texas, wnich were read twice and printed for the use of the Sen ate. On the 19th of April a Select Com mittee of thirteen was appointed, on mo tion of Mr. Foote of Mississippi, of which Mr. Clay was Chairman, and to which were referred all pending propositions re lating to the Slavery question. On the Sth of May, Mr. Clay, from the select committee of thirteen, submitted to the Senate an elaborate report covering all the points in controversy, accompanied by a bill, which is usually known as. the 'Omnibus Bill." By reference to the provisions of this bill, as it appears on the files of the Senate, it will be seen that it is composed of the two printed bills which had been reported by the Commit tee on Territories on the 25th of ,March previous; and that the only material change in its provisions, involving an im portant and essential principle, is to be found in the tenth section, which prescri bes and defines the powers of the Terri torial Legislature. In the bill, as report ed by the Committee on Territories, the legislative power of the Territories ex tended to "all rightful subjects of legis lation consistent with the Constitution of the United States," without excepting African slavery; while the bill, as report ed by the committee of thirteen, confer red the same power on the Territorial Legislature, with the exception of Afri can slavery. This portion of this section in its original form reads thus: prevent it saying he shall not enjoy the fruit of; '-That this was the basis of the cotnrom'jes oT their labor. If tho Senator from Missictiirpi meanj to say that " Mr. Davis: 'I do nnan to say it." Mr. Clay : "If the object of the Senator is to jrcvida that s!aveinaybe introduced int territory contrary to the lex led. and. beinz introduced, nothimr shall bo doue by the Legislature to impair the riirhis of ! ptuity and expansion of thi? Union injured to it owners to hold slaves thus brought contrary to the utiBost capacity of etabraeiug in i.-ce and harmv local laws, I certainly cannot vZ:e for it. la doing njary futars ASiericaa State that may bo tonstitu- .oa or annexe a wun a iepubiicazx iona 01 uvv eminent." 13-9.conCrmed by both the Democratic and Wh.jj parties in National Convention ratified by thu . people In the election of aod rightly applied to tne organization of the Territo ries in J-j4; tiat by ths uniform cpplio-ttion f this Democratic pria ciplo to the orgmiittion of Territories and to th admission of new States, with or without dcme!tic Slavery as tbey uT.ly elect, the equal rights of nil will be preserved intact the er'zina cowwrt t" the Con!itutioa maintained inviolate ond tfceper- solshali repeat again th expression of opinion which I announced at an early period in this ees- tes."; s;i that such laws iievtrthcie;s shall be subject j recommend to the States to provide an at my for the general defence, and appor tion among the Slates their respective quotas, but could not enlist the men and order them in the Federal service.'" For these reasons a Federal Government, to alteration by their ordinary Lcgisla ures; and to erect, subject to like alterations, counties or town ships for the tkctiou of members for their Legisla lature." Having thus provided a mode by which the first inhabitants or settlers of the ter- r.t. J . r l. :. . . . 1 1. .... . maintenance 01 me iiccuum 01 mis ui.u uvi n.-m . , -, , . . , , , ':.. for themselves the Constitution and laws Vl'tViiiVft . CITY BAKERY, bet. Main and' Atlantic, BROWNVILLE, nrt Et COMFORT & TICE, AXNOUXCE to the oil urn of lirownville ami vicinity 'aviipy uve rented tUe takorj-torniorlr wn.il t'j K. 'ftliniK. au. arc now prepared to furnish lire. id t'aktj, CuiiUctioucrv, Ice Cream, Lcnum.-i'le. fcr.. c. M. C COVC OKT, u- JOSEPH TICK. ' BfuvnTilleArrUSS, '69. 44tr The first Tlan of Federal Government adopted for the United States was formed during the Revolution, and is usually known as "The Articles cf Confedera tion." By these Articles it was provided that "Each State retains its Sovereignty, Freedom and Independence, and every power, jurisdiction and right which is not by this Confederation expressly delegated to the United States in Congress assemb led." At the time the Articles of Confedera tion were adopted July 9, 177S the United States held no lands or territory in common. The entire country, iinlud- ill'T all the waste and unappropriated i prescntatives to establish a pein uicut tpr.stit i . T i . - .1 J -.1 : and Government fcr themselves." tanus, eiiii'iaeeu wiuiui ui jici lauun ij the Confederacy, belonged to and was the property of the several States within whose limits the fame wns situated.' On theGihof September, 17S0, Con gress "recommended to the several Sta- . i . . i . . . . ritory may assemble together and choose ? :,ls appropriate aepanmems, acting unrciiy upon lilt; juuiviuuai unpens, wan authority to enforce its decrees to the ex- of some one of the thirteen original Sia tes, nnd declare the same in force for the government cf their territory temporarily with the right on the part of the people to change the same, through their local Legislature, as they may see proper, the Plan then proceeds to point out the mode in which they may establish for themsel ves "a permanent Constitution and Gov ernment," whenever they shall have twenty thousand inhabitants, as follows: Third '-That tuch temporary Government only Miall continue in t"rcc in any ffe until it shall have acquired twenty thonsand free inhabitants, when, giving due reef thereof ti Congress, they shall receive from them nuthority, with nppoint- nents of time and jaace, to call a Convention of loc ution ''And be it further tnf -tcd, that tho legislative power of the territory shall extend to oil rightful subjects of legislation consistent with the co nstitu tioii of the United States and the provisions of this act; but no law shall be passed interfering with the primary disposition of the soil." To which the Committee of thirteen added these words: "Nor in respect to African slavery." When the bill came up for action on the 15th of May, Mr. Davis, of Mississippi, said: 'I offer the following amendment. To strikeout in the sixth line of the tenth section, the words, 'in respect to African slavery,' and insert the words, 'with thoiO rights of property growing out of the in stitution of African slavery as it exists in any of the States of the Union.' The object of the amendment is to prevent the territorial legislature from legis lating against the rights of property growing out of the institution of slavery. It will leave to the territorial legislatures those rights and powers which are essentially necessary, not only to the pre servation of property, but to the pence of the terri tory. It will leave- the right to make such polic; regulati'.ns as are necessary to prevent disorder, and whieh will be absolutely necessary with such pro perty as ttat to secure its beneficial use to its own er. With this brief explanation I submit the amendment." . . Mr. Clay, in reply to Mr. Davis, said: ''I am not perfectly sure that I comprehend tho full meaningof the amendment offered by the Sena tor from Mississippi. If I do, 1 think he accomplishes nothing by striking out the clause now in the bill and Inserting that. which he propose to insert. Tho clause now in the bill is, that the territorial legisla tion shall not extend to anything respecting African slavery within the territory. ThetiFuctof retaining the clause as .eported by the Committee will be this: Th it if any of the territories slavery now exists, it shall not be abolished by the territorial legislature ; and if iu any of the territories slavery does not now exist, it cannot bo introduced by the territorial leg i.lature. The clause itself was introduced into the The slaveholding ! ''''' y the Comuiittco for th a purpose of tying up t , i , . e ... iijcua-inui iiiu territorial leisoiiure in resneei to States would never consent for a moment lej,i-Iiaing ataiif0no w.yo? the other, upon the that their domestic relations and espe- Uubieet of African slavery. It vas intended to leave Ciallv their rirrht of property in their the legislation and the law of th respective terri- y ,,V'r j . i?,wl ... 1 toneiin the coalition in. which tho Act will find slaves snouiu ne m?pruurui upuu i iu-; tVrn- t ,.atoJ n aff,rmeP l(v.jasion tkat j aid not. S HI iiave m (.ouiinitte' vote for the an-.'nd;n?nt tn Insert tl ci .use, eioug". i; wspr-..p'iscd to be introduce majoiUy d Uie ('ojiiinttee. I att ieho I verv sion. Here we find the line distinctly drawn between those who contended for the right to carry slavery into the territories and hold them in defiance of the local law, and those who contended that such right was subject to the local law of the territory. During the progress of the discussion on the same day, Mr. Davis, of Misfippi, said "We are giving, or proposing to give a govern mcnt to a territory, which act rests upon the basi of our right to make such provision. We suppose wchave a right to confer power. If so, we may mark out the limit to which they may legislate, and are bound not toconfer power beyond that which exists in Congress. If we give them power to legislate beyond that, wc commit a fraud or usurpation, as it may be done openly, covertly, or indirectly." To which Mr. Clay replied: "Xow, Sir, I only repeat what I have had occa sion to say before, that while I am willing to stand aside and make no'legislative enactment one war or other to lay off the Territories without the Wil mot Proviso on the one hand, with which I under stand we are threatened, or without an attempt to introduco a elauso for tho introduction of slavery in the territories. Whilo I am for rejecting both tho ono and tho other, I am content that the law ns it exists shall prevail; and if there beany diversity of opinion as to what it means, I am willing that it shall bo settled by the highest judicial authority of the country. While I am content thus to abido the result, 1 must say that I cannot vote for any express provisions recognizing the right to carry slaves there." To which Mr. Davis replied that: "It i? said our Revolution grew out of a Preamble and I hope wo have something of tho same charac ter of the hardy men of the Revolution who first commenced the war with the mother country some thing of tho spirit of that bold Yankee who said he had a right to go to Concord, and that go he would, who, in the maintainance of that right met his death at the hands of aRritish sentinel. Now, Sir, if our right to carry slaves into these Territories bo a constitutional right, it is our first duty to main tain it." Pending the discussion which ensued, Mr. Davis, at the suggestion of friends, modified his amendment, from time to time, until it assumed the following shape : "Not to introduce or exclude Afriran Slavery, provided that nothing: herein contained shall be construed so 33 .o prevent said territorial legislature from passing such laws as may bo necessary for the protection of tho rights of property of every kind which may have been, or may hereafter be, conform ably to the Constitution of the United Statei, held in or iatroducod into said territory." To which, on the same day, Mr. Chase offered the following amentlment : "Provided, further, that nothing beroin contained shall be construed is authorizing or permitting the introduction of Slavery or the holding of persons as property within said territory." With reference to the protection of property in slaves, Mr. Douglas said : "I have a word to say to tho honorable SVnafor from . Mississippi, Mr. Davis. He insists that I am not in favor of firotecting property, and that his a mendment is oflered for the purpose of protecting property under the constitution. Now, sir, I ask you what authority ho has for assuming that? Do I not desire to protect property because 1 wish to al low the people to pass such laws a they may deem proper, respecting their rights to property, without any exception ? He might as well say that I am op posed to protecting property in merchandize, steam boats, in cattle, in real estate, ns to say I am opposed to protecting property of any other description : for I desire to put them all on an equality, and allow the people to make their own laws in respect to the whole of them." Mr. Cass said, referring to the amend ments offered by Mr. Davis and by Mr. Chase : j "Now with respect to the amendments. I sha! vote against them both, and then I shall vote in fa vor of striking out tho restriction in the Rill ujh.ii .hc power of the territorial governments, I shall do so upon this ground. I wasoDposed, a the honora ble Senator from Kentucky has declared he wa-, to the insertion of this prohibition by the Committee. I consider it inexpedient and unconstitutional. 1 have already stated my belief that the rightful pow er oi internal legislation in tue territories belongs to the people." After further discussion the vote was taken by yeas and nays on Mr. Chase's amendment, and decided in the negative: Yeas, 25, Nays, 30. The question re curring on the amendment of Air. Davis, of Missiissppi, it was also rejected : Yeas 25, Nays 30. Whereupon, Mr. Seward offered the following amendment : "Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, other wise than by conviction for crime, shall ever be al lowed in either of said territories of Utah and New Mexico." tent of its delegated powers, and net de pendent upon the voluntary action of the several States in their corporate capacity, became indispensable as a substitute for the government of the Confederation. It was necessary to give this exact defi nition of Slavery in the Constitution in order to satisfy the people of the South as well us of the North. In accepting the nomination of thii Convention, Mr. Buchanan, in a letter dated June 16, 1556, said : "Tho agitation on the ouestioa of Domestic' Sla very has too long distracted and divided tho pooj Ju of this Union, and al.cnatei their aifjctioin from each other. The a.;itatroihassiniied many fortes sin -e its commeuceuiaut, but it ihw seems to be di- , rected chieCy to tho Territories; and judging from its present character, I think we may safely antici pate that it is rapidly approaehiag a finality.' Th recent legislation of Congress, respecting d meitie Slavery, derived, as it has been troic the original and pure fountain of legitimate political power, l4 wiil of tho mijoiity promises, ere long, to all iy t'ao dangerous excitement. This legislation i found?d upnu principles as ancient as free government itJlf and iu accordance w.th them has ly doelared that tho people of a Territory, like those of a State, shall decide for themselves whether slavery shall or shall not exiat within their limits." .--' This exposition of the history of. thuio . measures snows conclusively teat me au thors of the Compromise measures of 1550, and the Kansas Nebraska Act of 1854, as well as the members of the Ccn- ' tinental Congress in 1774, and the foun ders of our system of government subw-. quent to the Revolution, regarded the people of the Territories and colonies aa political communities which were cntith d to a free and exclusive power of legisla tion in their provincial legislatures, where their representation could alone be pre served, in all cases of taxation, and ia ternal polity. The right pertains to the people collectively as a law-abiding aad peaceful community, and not to the isoJa ted individuals who may wander upon the public domain in violation of law. It can only be exercised where there are inhab itants sufficient to constitute a government and capable of performing its various functions and duties a fact to le ascer tained and determined by Congress. Whether the number shall be fixed at ten,, fifteen, or twenty thousand inhabiianti does not affect the principle. The principles, under our political sys tem, is every distinct political comnvunitj, l.-Tit fry Vrt V I it i.it r j 1 I r Irt.n luwti iu nit; Tjijiiininiiw.i, a;.n nit iii.uii, is entitled to all the rights, privileges, and immunities of self-government in re spect to their local concerns and internal polity, subject only to the Constitution Of the United States. Our Creed. We believe in srall farms and thorough cultivation. We believe that soil loves to ent as well as its owner, and ojght, therefore, !a be manured. We believe in large crop?, which leave the land better than they found it mak ing both the fanner and tlie farm rirh at once. We beliere in going to the bottom cf things, and therefore in deep plowing and enough of it. All the better with a sub soil plow. We believe that every farm should own a good farmer. We beliere that the best fertilizer of any soil is a spirit of industry, enterprise and intelligence without this, lirne and gypsum, bones and green manure, marl ami guano, will be of little u.-e. ' ' We believe in good fences, good bin.', good farm-houses, good stock, good orch ards, ami children enough to gather fruit. We believe in a clean kitchen, u neat wife in it, spinning piano, a clean, cup board, a clean dairy, and a clean con science. We firmly disbelieve in fanners thai will not improve ; in farms that gro- poorer every year; in starving cattle;. in Which was rejected Yeas, 23, Nays farmers' bovs turning into clerks and al authority, or that Congress s Having thus provided for the first set tlers "a temporary government'' in these "additional States," nnd for "a perma nent Constitution and Government" when they shall have acquired twenty thousand o v a lit'la conseuwenee t) it at the time, and I attach verv I '"The Amen-m Demoemey reeortizs nnd adopts r.t. It is p ;r'im .if no 1 articular f the principle e-ntin- 1 in the organic l.iwse-tal.iish- impo,r-t?uict;-wha:.cyer. Now. Sir. if I understood tho : nig the leriit.rieiti ansas and Nebraska a em measure pro;,o." d by the Senator from Missis.-ippi. b dying the ( niy -sound and safesolu'xn of the itann at the sama tiling. . ldo not und-rjtnd bim "Slavery ojcsti.'n," upjn which the great naiionnl a proposing that if any oae iii.ill. carry na'es iaio j idea of the pi-op!- of thii whole country can repose -non- 33. On the 14th of August the bill for the organization of the Territ.ry of Mexico, was taken up, and amended so as to conform fully to the provisions of the Utah Act in respect to the power of the Territorial Legislature over "all rightful subjects of legislation consistent with tin constitution," without excepting African Slavery, and was ordered to be engrossed for a third reading without a division; and on the next day the bill was passed Yeas, 27 ; Nays, 10. . These two bills were sent to the House of Representatives, and passed that body without any alteration in respect to the power of the Territorial Legislatures over the subject of slavery, and were ap proved by President Fillmore, Sem. 9, 1559. . In 1S56, the Democratic Party, assem bled in National. Convention at Cincin nati, declared by a unanimous vote of the delegates from every Stale in the Union, that : merchants; in farmers' daughters unwill ing to work, and in all farmers ashamed of their vocation, or who drink, whiskey until honeVt men are ashamed of theta. Beccher on Fannin sr. t!?mmm-j 0vEa-Ri.Aciii5G Horses. A writer in the N. E. Farmer, who is a black smith, cures over-reaching horses, and increases their trotting speed fifteen or twenty seconds per mile, by the fclbwiirj mode of shoeing, which increases the mo tion of the forward feet and retards' tho motion of the hind ones. He nukes, the toe-caulks very low, standing a litile.un der, and the shoes set as far backward as convenient, on the forward feet, with high hcel-caulks, so as to let them roll over as soon as possible. On the hind feet, the heel-caulk is low and the toe- hizh and projecting forwiad. - caulk Horses shod thus, travel ilean, with . rio click. " any power over the subject either to ex tend, confine, or restrain it; much less to protect or regulate it lest, under tne Llittie to it a: p-- pretence of protection and regulation, the Federal Government, under the indu -nice nf tlie stron"1 and increasing Anti-Slaverv L.w;mAn .T.;,.k m ,o wv;,..f I l territory 3lth..u;h H th- of'the terri'cry ; in its det.-ifiin-d conservatism of the Uaion ,111V- .' . " In cannot tske them there- tho' W.-hitrve hands of intervention by Congress with slmry .. State might qestruy tne jnsiltUtlCI, anc Cliyest j. tae territorial goycrmacuS should be so tied as to j asd Teiritory, or iu tho District cf Columbia: . Drivisg off the Hats. The Farm Journal gives an experiment performed with chlorine gas. A dish of manganese and muriatic acid, for prod acing this ga, was placed under the Erret tioor, and en the lathing below it, the floor board.bein. replaced. The gas, being heavy, descen ded in every direction between plastering and walls, and being exceedingly pun gent, produced a "great sensation." "All nightlong, it would seem as if Bedlam had broken loose between the partitions.' They decamped, big and little, and stayeu away three months. Chloride fe'a "poi sonous gas, unless in minute portion., and great caution is required not . to- breath much of it. It should be well confined wirhiu JtiV walls. It is aij admirable pu rifier, at least. The best rat trap cr-rr.v poi;Cn we ever fcund, is a cat. ' '. t t